RO129081B1 - Process for preparing complex organomineral foliar fertilizers comprising mineral nutrients and polyhumates - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing complex liquid fertilizers. According to the invention, the process consists in that, in a vessel provided with a stirring and heating system, water is mixed with potassium carbonate and superphosphoric acid, then, after the mixture homogenization, there are admixed urea and a solution having a nitrogen content of 32%, as well as ammonium nitrate, after which a solution of potassium, magnesium and ammonium polyhumates extracted from peat coal is added while stirring, the pH value is corrected to 6 and sulphate-based micro elements are admixed to obtain a complex fertilizer having a content of 5% potassium and magnesium polyhumates.

Description

The invention relates to a process for obtaining complex foliar fertilizers, organo-mineral, consisting of mineral nutrients and poly-fumes.

In recent years, the interest in obtaining fertilizers based on humic acid having the source of lower coal, such as lignite, leonardite or peat, has been increasing due to their positive effects on plant nutrition (CN 1152564 A, CN 1072920 A).

At present, there are known numerous processes for the production of complex foliar fertilizers with macro and micronutrients essential in the nutrition of plants mixed with potassium or polychlorinated potassium and magnesium oxides extracted from lignite (RO 128503 A0, A. Dorneanu, M. Dumitru, C. Preda , I. Anton, L. Bireescu, I. Borza, M. Rusu Efficacy of liquid organomineral fertilizers with humates extracted from lignite on leaf fertilized ion ofcrops in the vegetationperiod ”, Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011, Vol. 43, Nr. 3, pp. 320-326). All these fertilizers provide in the foliar fertilization of agricultural crops production increases, but the size of the crops and their efficiency are conditioned by the different composition of the respective fertilizers.

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to ensure that more efficient foliar fertilizers are obtained, compared to those containing polychromates extracted from lignite.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for obtaining complex organomineral foliar fertilizers, consisting of macro and micronutrients essential in the nutrition of plants mixed with complex polychromates of potassium, magnesium and ammonium, extracted from peat.

The process according to the invention consists in mixing a solution of potassium carbonate with superphosphoric acid 85%, adding to the resulting mixture urea with a content of 46.2% N, dissolving the urea in this mixture under continuous stirring, and neutralizing by adding a 32% N urea-nitrogen solution, a solution of potassium, magnesium and ammonium polychromates, extracted from the peat, is added under continuous stirring, maintaining the pH value 6 by the addition of KOH, then homogenizes and adds microelements essential for plant nutrition, such as copper sulphate, iron sulphate, magnesium sulphate, manganese sulphate and zinc sulphate, resulting in complex fertilizers, having variable compositions in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, namely, 4, 3 ... 14,5% N, 4,3 ... 9,5% P ₂ O ₅ , 5,1% K ₂ O, and fixed composition in trace elements and polychromates, namely, 0,01% Cu, 0.03% Fe, 0.02% Mn, 0.03% Mg, 0.01% S, 0.01% Zn, and 5% polynomials of K, M g and NH ₄ extracted from peat, the percentages being expressed by weight.

The advantage of this invention lies primarily in the fact that a series of peat is suitable as a raw material for the extraction of polychlorinated complexes with potassium, magnesium and ammonium, by less expensive technologies than the technologies for extraction of lignite residues.

The second advantage is that the efficiency of complex polyhumates, extracted from peat, is superior to the potassium ions extracted from lignite, due to the different degrees of polymerization and the different ratios between the contents of humic acids - fulvic acids assimilable by plants.

Being applied foliar, they have an increased adhesion on the leaves, and facilitate the absorption of nutrients in the form of ions and fertilizer molecules in the leaf parenchyma assimilator, by increasing the dermatoplastic and ectoplasmic permeability.

Humic ions and molecules absorbed in the assimilating parenchyma are immediately metabolized into physiologically active compounds, which integrate into the general metabolic process, positively influencing the dynamics of ergonomics, a series of reactions due to chelating elements through multiple functional groups of humic acids, and stimulating some enzymatic reactions.

RO 129081 Β1

In the experimentation of these fertilizers were identified significant effects of stimulating the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, of amino acids and of some protein substances, as well as processes of growth and development of plants, materialized in important spores of production and quality of crops.

the fertilizers obtained by the mentioned process also have a series of advantages peculiar to all the foliar fertilizers to which are added the special effects, determined by the polychumates of potassium, magnesium and ammonium. 7

Summarized, these advantages are:

- the possibility of applying the respective fertilizers in several halves during the 9 vegetation of the crops (from the formation of the first leaves to the beginning of fruiting), by fine sprinkling (spraying) on the leaves, in small doses, of the order of the tens of l / ha, which are assimilated 11 almost entirely;

- the rate of leaf assimilation is much higher than the root rate; 13

- due to the immediate assimilation by the plants, after application, of the small usable doses, and the positive reaction of the plants throughout the vegetation, the foliar fertilization constitutes an efficient means of rapid correction of the deficiencies of elements that can appear in the nutrition of the plants, caused by the factors of climatic or technological stress, as well as phytopathological attacks; 17

- other advantages are: lower costs of foliar fertilizers by more than 30%, compared to the active substance, compared to the classical solid fertilizers, the possibility of applying them 19 with all types of equipment used when applying spray solutions over solitary crops or associated with plant protection products . 21 below are examples of embodiments of the invention.

Example 1 23 In a vessel (reactor) equipped with a stirring and heating system, 250 l of water is introduced into which 75 kg of potassium carbonate with 68% K ₂ CO ₃ concentration is added. After its solubility, 130 L superphosphoric acid with 85% H3PO4 concentration is added gradually with continuous stirring. After mixing, add 25 kg urea with a concentration of 46% CO (NH ₄ ) ₂ , 27 and after its dissolution, add 350 I UAN solution containing 32% nitrogen, of which 50% as CO urea (NH ₄ ). ₂ and 50% as ammonium nitrate NH ₄ NO ₃ . 29 After neutralization with UAN, the solution of potassium, magnesium and ammonium polychromates, extracted from peat in a quantity of 50 I. is introduced under continuous stirring. 31 At this stage the reaction of the fertilizer is controlled and, if the pH value is below 6.0, it is corrected with the addition of potassium hydroxide in the concentration of 85% KH and in the quantity 33 of 5 ... 10 kg.

After the solution is homogenized, an assortment of essential microelements is added to the plant nutrition, in the form of sulphates (0.3 kg copper sulphate; 0.2 kg iron sulfate; 0.6 kg manganese sulfate; 1.5 kg magnesium; 0.3 kg zinc sulphate). 37

1000 I complex fertilizer is obtained with the following composition: 14,5% Nt; 4.3%

P ₂ O ₅ ; 5.1% K ₂ O; 0.01% Cu; 0.03% Fe; 0.02% Mn; 0.03% Mg; 0.01% S; 0.01% Zn; 5.0% 39 polynomials K, Mg, NH ₄ .

Example 2 41

Proceed as in Example 1, replacing the quantities of 75 kg potassium carbonate, 65 I superphosphoric acid, 25 kg urea and 350 I UAN (16% solution> CO (NH ₄ ) ₂ + 16% 43

NH ₄ NO ₃ ) with the quantities of: 75 kg potassium carbonate, 180 I superphosphoric acid and 350 I UAN.

The same amount of fertilizer is obtained as in Example 1, with the same 45 physico-chemical characteristics, but having the composition of macroelements: 11.2% Nt, 5.6% P ₂ O ₅ ,

5.1% K ₂ O and 5.0% polyunsaturated. 47

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Example 3

Proceed as in Example 1, replacing the quantities of 75 kg of potassium carbonate, 130 I superphosphoric acid, 25 kg urea, 350 I UAN, the assortment of 22.5 kg microelements and the quantity of 50 I polychumates with the following quantities: 150 kg potassium carbonate,

180 1 superphosphoric acid, 800 I UAN and 100 1 polychumates.

The same amount of complex fertilizer is obtained, with the following composition: 7 12.8% Nt, 9.5% P ₂ O ₅ , 5.1% K ₂ O, microelements from polyhydates 0.02% Mg;

0.01% S and polychumates of K, Mg, NH ₄ , 10.0%.

Claims (1)

Process for obtaining complex foliar fertilizers, organo-mineral, characterized by mixing a solution of potassium carbonate with superphosphoric acid 85%, adding to the resulting mixture urea with a content of 46.2% N, urea dissolving In 5 this mixture, under continuous stirring, and neutralized by adding a 32% N ammonium urea resin solution, add a solution of 7 potassium, magnesium and ammonium polychromates extracted from the peat, maintaining the value 6 a. The pH, by addition of KOH, is then homogenized and micro-elements essential for plant nutrition are added, such as copper sulphate, iron sulphate, magnesium sulphate, manganese sulphate and zinc sulphate, resulting in complex fertilizers having variable compositions in nitrogen, phosphorus and 11 potassium, namely, 4.3 ... 14.5% N, 4.3 ... 9.5% P ₂ O ₅ , 5.1% K ₂ O, and composition fixed in trace elements and polychlorinated, namely, 0.01% Cu, 0.03 % Fe, 0.02% Mn, 0.03% Mg, 0.01% S, 13 0.01% Zn and 5% polynomials of K, Mg and NH ₄ extracted from peat, the percentages being expressed by weight. 15