RO129081A0 - Process for preparing complex organomineral foliar fertilizers comprising mineral nutrients and polyhumates extracted from peat coal - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for preparing complex liquid fertilizers. According to the invention, the process consists in that, in a vessel provided with a stirring and heating system, water is mixed with potassium carbonate and superphosphoric acid, then, after the mixture homogenization, there are admixed urea and a solution having a nitrogen content of 32%, as well as ammonium nitrate, after which a solution of potassium, magnesium and ammonium polyhumates extracted from peat coal is added while stirring, the pH value is corrected to 6 and sulphate-based micro elements are admixed to obtain a complex fertilizer having a content of 5% potassium and magnesium polyhumates.

Description

At present, there are known numerous processes for the production of complex foliar fertilizers with macro and micronutrients essential in the nutrition of plants mixed with potassium humates or polychumates of potassium and magnesium extracted from lignite. All these fertilizers provide in the foliar fertilization of agricultural crops production increases, but the size of the crops and their efficiency is conditioned by the different composition of the respective fertilizers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a process for obtaining complex organomineral foliar fertilizers composed of macro and micronutrients essential in the nutrition of plants mixed with polyhumate complexes of potassium, magnesium and ammonium extracted from peat.

The advantage of this invention is primarily that a series of peat is suitable as a raw material for the extraction of polychlorinated complexes with potassium, magnesium and ammonium by less expensive technologies than the extraction technologies of lignite.

The second advantage is that the efficiency of the complex polyhumates extracted from the peat is superior to the potassium ions extracted from the lignite due to the different degrees of polymerization and the different ratios between the contents of humic acids - fulvic acids assimilable by plants.

Being applied foliar have an increased adhesion on the leaves and facilitates the absorption of nutrients in the form of ions and fertilizer molecules in the leaf parenchyma assimilator by increasing the dermatoplastic and ectoplasmic permeability.

Humic ions and molecules absorbed in the assimilating parenchyma are immediately metabolized into physiologically active compounds that integrate into the general metabolic process, positively influencing the dynamics of ergonomics, a series of reactions due to chelating elements through multiple functional groups of humic acids and stimulating enzymatic reactions.

It has been identified in the experimentation of these fertilizers significant effects of stimulating the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, amino acids and some protein substances as well as processes of growth and development of the plants materialized in important spores of production and the quality of the harvests.

the fertilizers obtained by the mentioned process also have a number of advantages peculiar to all the foliar fertilizers, to which are added the special effects determined by the polychumates of potassium, magnesium and ammonium.

Summarized these advantages are:

the possibility of applying the respective fertilizers in several periods during the vegetation of the crops (from the formation of the first leaves to the beginning of the fruiting) by fine sprinkling (spraying) on the leaves in small doses, of the order of the tens of liters / ha that are assimilated almost totally;

the rate of leaf assimilation is much higher than the root rate;

due to the immediate assimilation by the plants after application, the small usable doses and the positive reaction of the plants throughout the vegetation foliar fertilization is an efficient means of rapidly correcting the deficiencies of elements that can appear in

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plant nutrition caused by climatic or technological stressors as well as phytopathological attacks, other advantages are: lower costs of foliar fertilizers by more than 30% compared to the active substance compared to solid classical fertilizers, the possibility of their application with all types of equipment used in the application spray solutions over solitary crops or associated with plant protection products.

The following are examples of embodiments of the invention.

Example 1 In a vessel (reactor) equipped with a stirring and heating system, 250 liters of water are introduced into which 75 kg of potassium carbonate with 68% K2CO3 concentration is added. After its solubilization it is added gradually, with continuous stirring 130 liters superphosphoric acid with 85% H3PO4 concentration. After mixing, add 25 kg urea with a concentration of 46% CO (NH ₄ ) ₂ and after its dissolution add 350 liters UAN solution containing 32% nitrogen of which 50% in the form of urea CO (NH ₄ ) 2 and 50% in the form of ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 After neutralization with UAN, the solution of potassium, magnesium and ammonium polychromates extracted from peat in a quantity of 50 liters is continuously stirred.

At this stage the reaction of the fertilizer is controlled and if the pH value is below 6.0 it is corrected with the addition of potassium hydroxide at a concentration of 85% K.H and in an amount of 5-10 kg.

After homogenizing the solution, an assortment of essential microelements is added to the nutrition of plants in the form of sulphates (copper sulphate 0.3 kg; iron sulphate 0.2 kg; manganese sulphate 0.6 kg; magnesium sulphate 1.5 kg; zinc sulphate 0.3 kg.

1000 liters of complex fertilizer are obtained with the following composition: Nt-14.5%; P ₂ O ₅ -4.3%; ' K ₂ O-5.1%; Cu-0.01%; Fe-0.03%; Mn-0.02%; Mg 0.03%; S-0.01%; Zn0,01%; polyhumates K, Mg, NH ₄ , - 5.0%.

Example 2

Proceed as in example 1 replacing the quantities of 75 kg potassium carbonate, 65 liters of superphosphoric acid, 25 kg urea and 350 liters UAN (solution of 16% CO (NH ₄ ) 2 + 16% NH ₄ NC> 3 with the quantities of: 75 kg potassium carbonate, 180 liters superphosphoric acid and 350 liters UAN.

The same amount of fertilizer is obtained as in example 1 with the same physico-chemical characteristics but having the composition of macroelements: Nt-11.2%; P2Os-5.6%; K2O5,1%; and polychlorinated 5.0%.

Example 3

Proceed as in example 1 replacing the quantities of 75 kg of potassium carbonate, 130 liters of superphosphoric acid, 25 kg urea, 350 liters of UAN, the assortment of 22.5 kg microelements and the quantity of 50 liters polychlorinated with the following quantities: 150 kg carbonate of potassium, 180 liters of superphosphoric acid, 800 liters of UAN and 100 liters of poly-foam.

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The same amount of complex fertilizer is obtained with the following composition: Nt-12.8%; P ₂ 0s-9.5%; K ₂ O-5.1%; microelements from Mg-0.02% polyhumates; OS, 01%; and polychlorinated by K, Mg, NH4, - 10.0%.

Claims (1)

CLAIM Process for obtaining complex organ-mineral foliar fertilizers with mineral nutrients and potassium, magnesium and ammonium polynumates in total proportions of 21.9 - 27.4% (N, P2O5, K ₂ O) and potassium, magnesium, ammonium, extracts of peat in total proportions of 5-10% in solutions obtained with a stirrer provided with stirring and cooling systems for dissolving and mixing mineral compounds with potassium, magnesium and ammonium polychromates.