PT928937E - Separacao de monoxido de carbono de misturas gasosas contaminadas com azoto contendo tambem hidrogenio e metano - Google Patents

Separacao de monoxido de carbono de misturas gasosas contaminadas com azoto contendo tambem hidrogenio e metano

Info

Publication number
PT928937E
PT928937E PT99300071T PT99300071T PT928937E PT 928937 E PT928937 E PT 928937E PT 99300071 T PT99300071 T PT 99300071T PT 99300071 T PT99300071 T PT 99300071T PT 928937 E PT928937 E PT 928937E
Authority
PT
Portugal
Prior art keywords
azoto
methane
hydrogen
separation
carbon monoxide
Prior art date
Application number
PT99300071T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Brian Alfred Mcneil
Eic William Scharpf
Original Assignee
Air Prod & Chem
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=10825235&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=PT928937(E) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Air Prod & Chem filed Critical Air Prod & Chem
Publication of PT928937E publication Critical patent/PT928937E/pt

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0261—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0223—H2/CO mixtures, i.e. synthesis gas; Water gas or shifted synthesis gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0228—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream
    • F25J3/0252—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/74—Refluxing the column with at least a part of the partially condensed overhead gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/76—Refluxing the column with condensed overhead gas being cycled in a quasi-closed loop refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2200/00—Processes or apparatus using separation by rectification
    • F25J2200/78—Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/02—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum
    • F25J2205/04—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using simple phase separation in a vessel or drum in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/30—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using a washing, e.g. "scrubbing" or bubble column for purification purposes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/42—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/02—Internal refrigeration with liquid vaporising loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/24—Quasi-closed internal or closed external carbon monoxide refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/904—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by liquid or gaseous cryogen in an open loop
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/92—Carbon monoxide

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
PT99300071T 1998-01-13 1999-01-06 Separacao de monoxido de carbono de misturas gasosas contaminadas com azoto contendo tambem hidrogenio e metano PT928937E (pt)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9800692.7A GB9800692D0 (en) 1998-01-13 1998-01-13 Separation of carbon monoxide from nitrogen-contaminated gaseous mixtures also containing hydrogen and methane

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PT928937E true PT928937E (pt) 2003-11-28

Family

ID=10825235

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PT99300071T PT928937E (pt) 1998-01-13 1999-01-06 Separacao de monoxido de carbono de misturas gasosas contaminadas com azoto contendo tambem hidrogenio e metano

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6073461A (pt)
EP (1) EP0928937B1 (pt)
DE (1) DE69909143T2 (pt)
ES (1) ES2203009T3 (pt)
GB (1) GB9800692D0 (pt)
PT (1) PT928937E (pt)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6726747B2 (en) * 2001-03-21 2004-04-27 American Air Liquide Methods and apparatuses for treatment of syngas and related gases
DE10226210A1 (de) * 2002-06-13 2004-01-08 Lurgi Ag Anlagenteil zur Zerlegung und Reinigung von Synthesegas
GB0218815D0 (en) * 2002-08-13 2002-09-18 Air Prod & Chem Process and apparatus for the production of hydrocarbon compounds from methane
FR2861165B1 (fr) * 2003-10-20 2005-12-16 Air Liquide Procede et appareil pour la production de monoxyde de carbone et/ou d'hydrogene et/ou d'un melange d'hydrogene et de monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique
US7617701B2 (en) * 2004-04-07 2009-11-17 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and installation for providing a fluid mixture containing at least 10% carbon monoxide
US20070051238A1 (en) 2005-09-07 2007-03-08 Ravi Jain Process for gas purification
FR2916264A1 (fr) * 2006-12-21 2008-11-21 Air Liquide Procede de separation d'un melange de monoxyde de carbone, de methane, d'hydrogene et eventuellement d'azote par distillation cryogenique
FR2910602B1 (fr) 2006-12-21 2012-12-14 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de separation d'un melange comprenant au moins de l'hydrogene, de l'azote et du monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique
FR2912206B1 (fr) * 2007-02-01 2015-05-29 Air Liquide Procede et appareil de production de monoxyde de carbone par distillation cryogenique
DE102007013325A1 (de) * 2007-03-20 2008-09-25 Linde Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Gasprodukten und flüssigem Methan aus Synthesegas
FR2916523B1 (fr) * 2007-05-21 2014-12-12 Air Liquide Capacite de stockage, appareil et procede de production de monoxyde de carbone et/ou d'hydrogene par separation cryogenique integrant une telle capacite.
US9243842B2 (en) * 2008-02-15 2016-01-26 Black & Veatch Corporation Combined synthesis gas separation and LNG production method and system
US8640495B2 (en) 2009-03-03 2014-02-04 Ait Products and Chemicals, Inc. Separation of carbon monoxide from gaseous mixtures containing carbon monoxide
US20100251765A1 (en) 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Cryogenic Separation of Synthesis Gas
CN104154705B (zh) * 2014-08-15 2016-08-24 苏州市兴鲁空分设备科技发展有限公司 一种合成氨废气分离装置
FR3052159B1 (fr) * 2016-06-06 2018-05-18 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et installation pour la production combinee d'un melange d'hydrogene et d'azote ainsi que de monoxyde de carbone par distillation et lavage cryogeniques
CN106500461A (zh) * 2016-12-20 2017-03-15 上海华林工业气体有限公司 具有加速预冷效果的hyco冷箱系统及其加速预冷方法
US20230192486A1 (en) 2021-12-20 2023-06-22 Evonik Operations Gmbh Process for producing carbon monoxide-containing streams

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO117735B (pt) * 1968-10-30 1969-09-15 S D Cappelen Ulefos Jernvaerk
DE2912761A1 (de) * 1979-03-30 1980-10-09 Linde Ag Verfahren zum zerlegen eines gasgemisches
DE3215829A1 (de) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-03 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zur gewinnung von kohlenmonoxid
DE3739724A1 (de) * 1987-11-24 1989-06-08 Linde Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerlegen eines gasgemisches
DE4210637A1 (de) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-07 Linde Ag Verfahren zur Gewinnung von hochreinem Wasserstoff und hochreinem Kohlenmonoxid
JP3306517B2 (ja) * 1992-05-08 2002-07-24 日本酸素株式会社 空気液化分離装置及び方法
US5351492A (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-10-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Distillation strategies for the production of carbon monoxide-free nitrogen
FR2718428B1 (fr) * 1994-04-11 1997-10-10 Air Liquide Procédé et installation de production de monoxyde de carbone.
DE4433114A1 (de) * 1994-09-16 1996-03-21 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Gewinnen einer Kohlenmonoxid-Reinfraktion
DE19541339B4 (de) * 1995-11-06 2006-08-10 Linde Ag Verfahren zum Gewinnen von Kohlenmonoxid
FR2754541B1 (fr) * 1996-10-15 1998-12-24 Air Liquide Procede et installation pour la separation d'un melange d'hydrogene et/ou d'au moins un hydrocarbure et/ou d'azote et/ou d'oxyde de carbone

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69909143D1 (de) 2003-08-07
EP0928937B1 (en) 2003-07-02
EP0928937A2 (en) 1999-07-14
ES2203009T3 (es) 2004-04-01
DE69909143T2 (de) 2004-05-27
GB9800692D0 (en) 1998-03-11
EP0928937A3 (en) 1999-10-13
US6073461A (en) 2000-06-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
PT928937E (pt) Separacao de monoxido de carbono de misturas gasosas contaminadas com azoto contendo tambem hidrogenio e metano
DE69904514D1 (de) Trennung von Kohlenmonoxid in stickstoffverschmutzten Gasgemischen
GB2337212B (en) Production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide
ID24366A (id) Proses pembuatan hidrogen dan karbon monoksida
GB9802231D0 (en) Separation of carbon monoxide from nitrogen-contaminated gaseous mixtures also containing hydrogen
DE69901289T2 (de) Hydrodesulfurierung von gas-quelle kohlenwasserstoffflüssigkeiten mit verwendung von aus synthesegas produziertem wasserstoff
ZA955578B (en) Process for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing mixtures
DE59601360D1 (de) Anordnung zur Aufbereitung kohlendioxidhaltiger Gase
EE9800391A (et) Vesiniksulfiidi sisaldavate gaaside puhastamise menetlus
DE69723301D1 (de) Einstufige umsetzung von methanol zu wasserstoff und kohlendioxid
NO993226D0 (no) FremgangsmÕte for selektiv separering av hydrogen, eller bÕde hydrogen og karbonmonoksyd fra olefiniske hydrokarboner
DK138693D0 (da) Fremgangsmaade til sodfri fremstilling af hydrogen- og carbonmonoxidholdig gas
DE69829248D1 (de) Kryogenische Einstellung vom Wasserstoff/Kohlenoxydgehalt von Synthesegas
DE69710385D1 (de) Sensor für flüssige und gasförmige Medien
ID19345A (id) Elektroda difusi gas berdasarkan pada campuran karbon polietersulfona
DK101392D0 (da) Fremgangsmaade og reaktor til fremstilling af hydrogen- og carbonmonoxidrig gas
GC0000326A (en) Process to prepare a hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing gas
GB2341615B (en) Oxygen and hydrogen generator
DE69908478D1 (de) Trennung von Kohlenmonoxid in Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff enthaltenden Gasgemischen
AU2003217842A8 (en) Detection of carbon monoxide in hydrogen-based gas streams
ZA200100284B (en) Process and reactor for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gas.
ITMI961131A0 (it) Desolforazione di gas contenenti idrogeno solforato
ZA957566B (en) Hot gas line for gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide
NO953493D0 (no) Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av hydrogen og karbonmonoksyd
IT1310872B1 (it) Gasogeno per la produzione di gas metano ed ossido di carbonio