PT854245E - CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE WITH EXTERNAL ISOLATION AND CONSTRUCTION USING A SUCH CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The construction has a frame (15), fixing lugs (16) which are attached to the frame and extend from it and low density, expanded polystyrene insulating panels (18). The back of the panels rest on the frame and the fixing lugs are position between two adjacent panels and extend beyond the front of them. The panels are held in position with by fixing components (21) which fit over the lugs. A second frame (22) is attached to the lugs at a distance from the insulating panels and a outer concrete cladding (23) is attached to the front of the outer frame. The insulating panels have grooves which fit over parallel sections over the inner frame (26) and the joints are filled. The fixing lugs have a base (31) and a head (32) and the section between them is thin and flat.

Description

The present invention relates generally to the constructions. The present invention relates generally to the constructions.

More particularly, it is concerned with constructions which are made from a skeleton, whether it be a metallic skeleton or a wooden skeleton.

More particularly still, the present invention aims at the insulation and, more precisely, the thermal insulation, of these constructions.

This insulation is generally ensured with the aid of insulation panels.

For example, when the skeleton comprises parallel skeletal elements, these insulation panels are, for maintenance, each arranged between two such skeletal members.

As a result, a horizontal and / or vertical discontinuity of the assured insulation results, with each insulation element interrupting the insulation locally and constituting, in detriment of the latter, a thermal bridge between the exterior and the interior.

In addition, difficulties arise from one floor to the other and from a wall to the roof, to the detriment, even there, of the continuity of the isolation and the homogeneity of the same.

In particular, in the more usual skeletal constructions, an imbalance between the insulation of the walls and that of the roof has been observed, in general, to the detriment of the efficiency of the assembly, being generally the thickness of the panels of 2

which can be incorporated in this roof, higher than that of the insulation panels which can therefore be incorporated in the wall. The present invention generally has as its object an arrangement which has the appearance of exterior insulation and which, at a cost advantageously compatible with market prices, advantageously allows to avoid the drawbacks previously mentioned and leads in addition , to other advantages.

Such drawbacks have already been partially avoided, for example, in CA-A-2 097 734, which proposes a building structure which uses, in combination, from the inside to the outside, a primary skeleton, locking tabs which, spaces in the primary skeleton protrude forwardly therefrom, insulation panels which substantially co-plan with each other rest with their backs on the primary skeleton and the front face of which is recessed relative to the free end of the securing tabs, which, applied to the securing tabs, are attached to the insulation panels for their retention, a secondary skeleton, applied to the securing tabs, at a distance from the insulation panels and an outer facing applied to the secondary skeleton, in front of the same .

However, in such a structure, the insulation panels are not retained by retaining members, such as, for example, those described in US-A-5 207 043, it becoming inconvenient to place these panels in place. The object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks and in view of a structure of construction of the above type, characterized by maintenance organs 3

which, applied to the securing tabs, rest on the insulation panels for their retention, and the primary skeleton, which comprises parallel skeletal elements, the insulation panels rests on these backs of these skeleton elements, joining in together substantially at each other, in front of them and laterally comprise cutouts, through which they are fitted between these skeletal elements.

It further relates to any construction of which at least one wall and / or roof use such a construction structure.

Thus, thanks to cutouts and maintenance components, the placement of the insulation panels is particularly quick and easy and the distance separating the insulation panels and the outer paneling is perfectly uniform.

On the other hand, thanks to the arrangement according to the invention, a horizontal continuity of the insulation is advantageously ensured, the insulation panels being transversely connected transversely, substantially to each other in front of the primary skeleton carrying them, having, if desired , a caulking filler between them.

Preferably, in order to also ensure a vertical continuity of the insulation, the insulation panels further extend longitudinally, all of the height of a floor, with a caulking filler, if desired, from one wall to another to the roof, to further complete this insulation.

Thus, the arrangement according to the invention advantageously allows to ensure a complete continuity of insulation, avoiding any thermal bridge between the exterior and the interior. 4

It also advantageously enables the insulation of the walls and the roof with the same components, with the exception, if necessary, of the outer wall, which is preferably different for the walls and roof.

This results, in particular, in an advantageous standardization of these components, to the benefit of the whole cost.

It also results in the possibility of a better balance of the insulation between the walls and the roof, in order to benefit from an advantageous homogenization of the whole.

On the other hand, due to their mechanical maintenance against the primary skeleton which carries them, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, due to the quasi-union and the filling of caulking, which advantageously preferably intervenes between them, the insulation panels according to the invention are advantageously able to provide themselves with all necessary airtightness, advantageously presenting an appreciable resistance to the effects of pressure and depression due to wind. The presence, at a certain distance, of an exterior facing, on the other hand, can advantageously reduce these effects due to wind sufficiently, so that it is possible to envisage the use, for the realization of the insulation panels, of an expanded, low polystyrene. density or, in any case, of a density lower than that usually used for such insulation panels, for the benefit of a lower overall cost.

On the other hand, according to the invention, in the outer face at a certain distance from the insulation panels, advantageously exists between this panel

outer panel and these insulation panels, a ventilated air blade, which ensures, from the base of the walls up to the ridge of the roof, a parietal dynamic effect, which advantageously results in winter, a certain compensation of the thermal waste, being this, by nature, stronger in the high part of the construction than in the lower part of the same.

In the case where the construction is equipped with controlled mechanical ventilation, the fresh air intakes which feed them can advantageously flow into this ventilated air blade, which then allows this mechanically controlled ventilation advantageously to aspirate an air already heated by the parietal dynamic effect, with benefit to a heating economy for the whole.

In summer, ventilation of the air blade is accelerated by natural draft, and advantageously results in a disposal of the hot air bubble which would otherwise be liable to accumulate in the upper part of the construction.

In all cases, the air blade thus present within the walls and / or roof of a construction according to the invention advantageously constitutes an acoustic insulation, allowing the arrangement according to the invention, therefore, to use economically the air intakes of the eventual controlled mechanical ventilation, air intakes which, from an acoustic point of view, are particularly simple.

Finally, the outer face of the walls of a construction according to the invention is preferably formed of protective, cement plates, with a relatively low cost benefit to the assembly.

If it is desired, whether it is cement protection plates for the 6

walls, or any roof covering, this exterior facing may advantageously be further provided with an insulation coating on its inner surface, to enhance the parietal dynamic effect due to the air blade, further benefiting insured insulation .

The features and advantages of the invention will, moreover, be more apparent from the following description, given by way of example, with reference to the schematic drawings, in which: 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a construction according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a view which, on a larger scale, recalls the detail of Fig. 1 indicated by the square (II) in that figure 1, more generally illustrates the construction structure according to the invention; FIG. 3, on the scale of Fig. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the construction according to the invention, taken along line III-III of Fig. 2; FIG. 4, on a larger scale, a partial perspective view, which also illustrates, overall, the construction structure according to the invention; FIG. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of one of the securing tabs used in this building structure, taken along line V-V of Fig. 4; FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view, partially retracting that of FIG. 4, relates to a variant embodiment of this construction tab; and Fig. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view which, partially echoing that of FIG. 2, also refers to a variant embodiment.

As illustrated in these figures and in a manner known per se, a construction 10 according to the invention comprises, overall, walls 11 and a roof 12.

In the depicted embodiment, this construction (10) is established on foundations (13), but, notwithstanding the present invention, they will not be described herein. The construction (10) according to the invention will also not be described here in full detail.

Only the elements necessary for understanding the invention will be described.

According to the invention, at least one of the walls 11 uses a particular building structure 14, which is shown in detail in Figs. 2 to 4.

Overall, and in accordance with the arrangements described in more detail below, the construction structure (14) according to the invention uses, in combination, from inside to outside of the construction (10), a primary skeleton (15), lugs (16) which, applied at intervals, to the primary skeleton (15), there protrudes forwardly therein insulation panels (18), which substantially conform to each other, lie at their backs on the primary skeleton (15), being joined by joints substantially to one another in front of it, and the front face (19) of which is recessed relative to the free end (20) of the securing tabs (16) which, applied to the securing tabs 16, rests on the insulation panels 18 for their retention, a secondary backsheet 22 applied to the securing tabs 16 at a distance from the insulation panels (18) and an outer facing (23), applied to the e secondary skeleton (22), ahead of this.

In the embodiments shown, the primary skeleton 15 is metallic. 8

It comprises, between a lower chute (24) and an upper chute (25), parallel skeletal elements (26).

In the illustrated embodiment, the upper chute 25 and the lower chute 24 are C-sections. The same is true for the skeleton elements 26 with these, on the one hand, in the middle zone of their web ( 27), a rib (28) with a trapezoidal cross-section and, on the other hand, at the ends of its lateral arms (29), which are turned towards each other in square brackets (30).

The skeleton elements 26 thus formed extend in practice over the whole height of a floor.

In practice, they are made of metal.

But, in variant, wood skeleton elements may be used.

In the embodiments shown, the securing tabs (16) are applied to the spaced-apart frame elements (26) in their height.

These securing tabs 16, all identical to each other, extend between two contiguous insulation panels 18.

In the embodiments shown, the securing tabs 16 each comprise in one piece a base 31, by means of which they are suitable for securing to the primary skeleton 15 and, more precisely, to a a skeleton member 26 thereof, a head 32, by means of which, at its free end 20, they are adapted to receive, in accordance with the arrangements described in more detail below, the secondary skeleton 22), and between this base (31) and this head (32), a thin, flat middle portion (33). The base 31, which extends substantially perpendicularly to the middle portion 33, is formed by at least one mitered fold 34, 35 of this middle portion 33.

Preferably, and this is the case in the embodiments shown, two squareness folds (34, 35) are provided, each of which is disposed on the side of the middle part (33).

For example, the square fold 34 extends across the entire width of the middle portion 33, while leaving the latter, the miter fold 35, which is in the fold extension (34) in continuity of the latter extends only a portion of the width of the middle portion (33) in the middle portion of the latter.

By a crank-like extension 36, the square fold 34 is engaged in the square fold 30 of the corresponding side arm 29 of the skeleton member 26. The square fold 35 is positively secured to this side arm 29, for example by a self-tapping screw 37, as shown.

In the illustrated embodiment, this miter fold 35 also comprises, however, an extension 38 which, in miter therewith, leads into the web 27 of the skeleton element 26, to complete the lock in rotation of the assembly, relative thereto.

In a variant, in Fig. 6, the base 31 of the securing tabs 16 is formed by two mitered folds 34 ', 35' which, with equal importance, each extend in half the width of the middle portion (33) and are diagonally opposed to each other and are both positively secured to the housing (10).

(29) of the skeletal element (26) by a self-tapping screw (37).

In the embodiments shown, the longitudinal edges of the middle portion 33 of the securing tabs 16 are parallel to each other.

This middle portion 33 extends generally in a plane which, in parallel to the web 27 of the skeleton elements 36 of the primary skeleton 15, is in practice a vertical plane for the assembly.

In the illustrated embodiments, the head 32 of the securing tabs 16 extends in the extension of its middle portion 33, following the plane of the latter, and the secondary skeleton 22 in turn , parallel skeletal elements (40), is capable of receiving by hooking such a skeletal element (40).

In a manner known per se, and as is most visible to one of them in Fig. 4, the skeletal elements 40 of the secondary skeleton 22, which are crossed with respect to the skeletal elements 26 of the primary skeleton 15, and which are preferably of metal, are fillers with cross-sectional C , with a middle portion (41), two side flaps (42), and, at the ends of said side flaps (42), mitered returns (43) facing each other.

For the retention of such a skeletal element 40, the head 32 of the locking lugs 16 laterally carries in its portion, each affecting, respectively, its two longitudinal edges, two transverse shoulders 44 ).

For example, and as shown, the transverse shoulders 44 form one of the flanks of slots or small notches 45 which backwardly affect that head 32 in the root of the latter. 11

Therefore, to facilitate the application of a skeleton element 40, the head 32 of the securing tabs 16 has laterally oblique or globally rounded edges towards the corresponding slots or cutouts 45.

For cooperation in retention with a holding device (21), the middle portion (33) of the securing tabs (16) is, in the embodiments shown, cut away in its portion along at least one of its longitudinal edges and at least a portion of its length.

For example, as shown, this middle portion (33) is cut along each of its longitudinal edges.

Preferably, the corresponding cutouts 46 are asymmetrical with a right flank on the base side 31 and a sloping flank on the side of the head 32.

In combination, the holding members (21) each have a slot (47), which is suitable for their application in a securing tab (16) and whose transverse edges are suitable for cooperating, by anchoring, with the cutouts (46) of this securing tab (16).

In the embodiments shown, the maintenance organs (21) are in the form of cabochons, generally of rectangular base pyramid trunks.

These holding bodies 21 may, for example, be of metal or of synthetic material.

The securing tabs 16 are preferably metal.

In the embodiments shown, the insulation panels (18) each extend on either side of two skeletal elements (26)

neighbors of the primary skeleton (15).

Preferably, and this is the case in the embodiments, they extend further, each of which is at one floor height.

In the embodiments shown, the insulation panels 18 each laterally comprise cutouts 48, by which they fit between the skeleton members 26 of the primary skeleton 15.

They extend thus simultaneously, in part between these skeleton elements (26), and partly ahead of them.

These insulation panels 18 are made for example of expanded polystyrene.

Preferably, it is low density expanded polystyrene.

For example its density is of the order of 10 kg.

But it is clear that this numerical value should not be construed here as limiting the invention.

Preferably and this is the case in the represented embodiments, between two contiguous insulation panels (18), a caulking filler (49) extends.

For example, this caulking filler (49) is of polyurethane foam. It is carried out in advance by injection, whereby the corresponding skeleton element (26) of the primary skeleton (15) is advantageously formed, a connecting bottom when this injection is made. The front of the insulation panels 18, between them and the outer wall 23, remains an air blade 50

The air circulates from the bottom upwards, as shown by arrows (F), in FIG. 1.

Preferably, and as shown, a grid (50 ') is provided at the base of that air blade (50) to prevent leaves or animals from entering through that site.

Advantageously, the outer face 23 is a simple projection plate, i.e. a simple set of plates 51 which, in the embodiments shown, are coplanar and are properly abutted and fixed, for example by screws (52), in the skeletal elements (40) of the secondary skeleton (22).

For example, the plates 51 are cement slabs.

Preferably, and in a manner known per se, the cement constituting these plates (51) is resin rich.

It further preferably contains, in particular for its lightening, a light granulate which, for example, is expanded clay or expanded polystyrene.

The plates 51 may also comprise, internally, at least one glass fiber reinforcement inserted into the resin.

At its periphery, its edges are, for example, thinned, to allow placement of a tape-like joint and an indent, not shown.

The corresponding provisions are well known and do not form part of the present invention and are therefore not described in more detail herein.

In a manner also known per se, any other finishing coating or a decorative finish, such as, for example, an adhesive or a layer of adhesives, may be applied to the plates (51), which thus form the outer surface (23).

ink.

As will be appreciated, the plates 51 constituting the outer face 23 are advantageously vented on one or both sides by means of an air blade 50.

In the assembly, the securing tabs (16) are applied to the primary skeletal members (26), the insulation panels (18) being thereafter placed outside the latter.

The holding members 21 then secure their retention. Placing these insulation panels 18 in place is therefore particularly quick and easy. Next, it is sufficient to fit the skeletal elements 40 of the secondary skeleton 22 and fasten to the skeletal elements 40 the plates 51 constituting the outer face 23 in the securing tabs 16. Of course, on the inner side of the construction 10, the primary skeleton 15 also receives an interior facing 53, using, if desired, a complementary insulation, not shown.

The corresponding provisions are well known in themselves, are not part of the present invention and, therefore, will not be described in more detail herein.

Preferably, all the walls 11 of the construction 10 utilize a construction structure 14 of the type described above.

In the embodiment shown, the same is advantageous for the roof (12). The outer facing 23 of the latter is then formed by any cover, for example a roof covering 5Γ, as shown, thereby forming the back wall elements (40) of the secondary back wall (22) corresponding to these slats (5Γ), while the skeletal elements (26) of the associated primary skeleton (15) form the joint legs together for the assembly.

Preferably, in the case of the embodiment shown, of a wall 11, in the roof 12, the insulation panels 18 are connected to one another by a caulking filler 54.

This ensures a vertical continuity of the corresponding insulation.

For example, the caulking filler (54) is made of polyurethane foam, as in the previous example.

In the depicted embodiment, this caulking filler (54) acts at the level of the beams (55) at the top thereof.

The insulation panels 18 of the underlying wall 11, suitably slotted for this purpose, therefore extend in the direction of the nose of these beams 55. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the described and illustrated embodiments, but includes any embodiment variant having the features defined in the claims. It is still evident that one or several floors can be provided, preferably ensuring continuity of insulation from one floor to the other.

Lisbon, July 4, 2001 The Official Agent of Industriai Property

S269-0Ó5 LLSTJUA

Claims (17)

A building structure, which applies, in combination, from the inside out, a primary skeleton (15), securing tabs (15) which, applied to spaces in the primary skeleton (15), protrude forwardly, (18), which are substantially mutually compliant with each other and seat with their backs on the primary skeleton (15) and whose front face (19) is recessed relative to the free end (20) of the securing tabs (16). , a secondary skeleton (22) applied to the securing tabs (16) at a distance from the insulation panels (18), and an exterior facing (23) applied to the secondary skeleton (22) ahead of it, characterized in that the holding members 21 applied to the securing tabs 16 rest on the insulation panels 18 for their retention and the primary skeleton 15 comprises parallel skeletal elements 26 resting on the panels of insulation (18), with their (26) and joining together substantially in front of each other, and laterally comprising recesses (48) by means of which they engage between these skeleton elements (26). A building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a caulking filler (49) is extended between two contiguous insulation panels (18). Construction structure according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the insulation panels (18) are made of low density expanded polystyrene. Construction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the securing tabs (16) each extend between two contiguous insulation panels (18). Construction structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the securing tabs (16) each comprise in one piece a base (31), by means of which they are suitable for securing in the the primary skeleton 15, a head 32, by means of which the secondary skeleton 22 and between the base 31 and the head 32 a medium flat portion 33 can be received. The building structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the base (31) of the securing tabs (16) is formed by at least one mitered fold (34, 34 ', 35, 35') of its middle portion (33). A structure as claimed in any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the head (32) of the securing tabs (16) extends in the extension of its middle portion (33), following the plane thereof and comprising the (22) parallel skeletal elements (40), being itself for receiving said skeletal element (40) by engagement. A structure as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the head (32) of the securing tabs (16) laterally comprise the head (32) of the securing member (40) of the secondary frame (22). its thickness, two transverse protrusions (44). Construction structure according to any one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that, for retaining cooperation with a holding member (21), the middle portion (33) of the securing tabs (16) is cut in its thickness , along at least one of its longitudinal edges and at least a portion of its length and, in combination, (21) each have a slit (47), adapted for their engagement with a locking tab (16). A building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the primary skeleton (15) and the secondary skeleton (22) both have parallel skeletal elements (26, 40), the skeletal elements ( 40) of the skeleton (22) intersected with respect to the skeletal skeletal elements (26) of the primary skeleton (15). Building structure according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the outer surface (23) is a protective plate. A construction, characterized in that one of its walls (11) comprises at least one construction structure (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 11. A construction as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the insulation panels (18) of the wall (11) in question each extend to the height of a floor. A construction according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the outer face (23) of the wall (11) in question is formed of cement protection plates (51). A construction according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that all the walls (11) use a building structure (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 11. A construction according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that its roof (12) also uses a building structure (14) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the outer facing (23) of the latter formed by any cover. A construction as claimed in claim 16, characterized in that the insulation panels (18) are connected to one another by a caulking filler (54) from a wall (11) to the roof. Lisbon, 4th July 2001 Rua do í-