PL34367B1 - - Google Patents
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- PL34367B1 PL34367B1 PL34367A PL3436747A PL34367B1 PL 34367 B1 PL34367 B1 PL 34367B1 PL 34367 A PL34367 A PL 34367A PL 3436747 A PL3436747 A PL 3436747A PL 34367 B1 PL34367 B1 PL 34367B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- solutions
- bees
- nosema
- tannins
- combating
- Prior art date
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- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001126829 Nosema Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000026711 parasitic intestinal disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002141 anti-parasite Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001257 oxyquinoline sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003096 antiparasitic agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl Chemical group CC(=O)C(C)=O QSJXEFYPDANLFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical compound C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IPVDZJRROGTYOR-WZMKHLESSA-N acetic acid [5-[[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-5,6-bis[[3-(3-acetyloxy-4,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)oxy-4,5-dihydroxybenzoyl]oxy]-3,4-bis[[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxybenzoyl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxycarbonyl]-2,3-dihydroxyphenyl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate Chemical compound CC(O)=O.CC(=O)Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)C(=O)Oc1cc(cc(O)c1O)C(=O)O[C@H]1O[C@@H](COC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3)c2)[C@H](OC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3)c2)[C@@H](OC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c3cc(O)c(O)c(O)c3)c2)[C@@H]1OC(=O)c1cc(O)c(O)c(OC(=O)c2cc(O)c(O)c(OC(C)=O)c2)c1 IPVDZJRROGTYOR-WZMKHLESSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001492486 Nosema apis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000785681 Sander vitreus Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000024780 Urticaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003212 astringent agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000805 cytoplasm Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010446 mirabilite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004877 mucosa Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Description
Wedlug literatury fachowej zaraze Nosema wywoluje pierwotniak z gatunku mikrosporowców (Nosema apis Zander), który wnika do komórek nablonka zwlaszcza jelita sredniego pszczoly, rozmnaza sie tam nadzwyczaj szybko i niszczy tkanke.W celu zwalczania tej zarazy proponowano sze¬ reg srodków, które nie dawaly jednak zadowalaja¬ cych wyników. Rojom nawiedzanym ta zaraza za¬ lecano podawac sól kuchenna, sól glauberska, kwas salicylowy, chinine, blekit metylenowy itd., lub zarazone roje zalecano skrapiac slabym roz¬ tworem formaliny, siarczanu o-oksychinoliny itd.Przedmiotem wynalazku jest sposób wytwarza¬ nia srodka do zwalczania zarazy Nosema i innyci' posozytniczych schorzen jelitowych pszczoly, skla¬ dajacego sie z wyciagów garbników naturalnych lub roztworów zwiazków chemicznych pochodnych naturalnych garbników. .Wyciagi te lub roztwory wyzej wspomniane o zawartosci 0,5 — 5% substancji suchej miesza sie z roztworami cukru, które moga sluzyc jako od¬ zywka dla pszczoly.Do sporzadzania roztworów odzywczych na¬ daja sie szczególnie cukier trzcinowy i cukier gro¬ nowy w stezeniu 10 — 20%. Do tak sporzadzonych roztworów, uzywanych jako pozywki albo dodatek do pozywki dla pszczól, mozna jeszcze dodac in¬ nych substancji dzialajacych przeciwpasozytniczo, np. siarczanu o — oksychinoliny.Garbniki pochodzenia roslinnego, np. garbniki Rhizoma Tormentillae, albo Radix Ratanhiae lub innych surowców garbnikowych z których moga byc wytwarzane wyciagi wodne, okazaly sie szcze¬ gólnie skuteczne do zwalczania zarazy Nosema i innych pasozytniczych schorzen jelitowych pszczoly.Jako pochodne garbników moga byc uzyte np tanalbina (tanninum albuminatum z zawartoscia okolo 50% kwasu garbnikowego), albo tannigen (mieszanina dwuacetylo — i trójacetylotaniny).Tanalbina rozszczepia sie wolno w trakcie trawie-nia jej dziatenfe ~ siega, w - przeciwstawieniu do czystej taniny, dolnych odcinków jelit. Dzialanie tannigenu dosiega nawet rectum, gdzie daja sie wykazac czesciowo niezmienione tannigeny, cze¬ sciowo wolny kwas garbnikowy.Garbniki dzialaja, jak wiadono, jako srodki sciagajace i przeciwprzesiekowe. Garbniki stykajac sie z blona sluzowa jelita zwierzecego powoduja strukture komórek blony bardziej zwarta, a wytra¬ cajac bialka tworza warstwe ochronna na której pasozyty nie znajduja dogodnego podloza do roz¬ woju. Do tego dochodzi szczególna wlasciwosc garbników, polegajaca na koagulujacym ich dzia¬ laniu na protoplazme pasozytów, obnizajac przez to wybitnie ich zywotnosc. Srodki te stosuje sie w postaci roztworów, wyciagów itd. w kombina¬ cji z cukrem gronowym lub innymi strawnymi rodzajami cukru, bezposrednio, lub jako do¬ mieszke do pozywki dla pszczól, przy czym nale¬ zy równoczesnie dbac o jaknajwieksza czystosc poidel i uli. PLAccording to the professional literature, Nosema is caused by a protozoan of the species of microspore (Nosema apis Zander), which penetrates into the epithelial cells, especially in the medium intestine of bees, multiplies there extremely quickly and destroys the tissue. satisfactory results. To haunted swarms this plague was advised to administer table salt, Glauber's salt, salicylic acid, quinine, methylene blue, etc., or infected swarms were sprinkled with a weak solution of formalin, o-oxyquinoline sulfate, etc. combating the blight of Nosema and other post-parasitic intestinal diseases of bees, consisting of extracts of natural tannins or solutions of chemical compounds derived from natural tannins. These balances or the above-mentioned solutions with a dry substance content of 0.5 - 5% are mixed with sugar solutions, which can be used as a bee's nutrient. For the preparation of nutrient solutions, cane sugar and dangerous sugar in concentration of 10 - 20%. Other substances having an antiparasitic effect, e.g. o-oxyquinoline sulphate, can be added to the solutions prepared in this way, used as nutrient or as an additive to bee feed. Tannins of vegetable origin, e.g. Rhizoma Tormentillae tannins, or Radix Ratanhiae or other tanning materials with which can be produced in water extracts have proved to be particularly effective in combating the blight of Nosema and other parasitic intestinal diseases of bees. As tannin derivatives, for example, tannin (tannin albuminatum with about 50% tannic acid) or tannigen (a mixture of diacetyl - a mixture of diacetyl) and triacetyltannin). Tanalbine breaks slowly during digestion, its activity reaches as opposed to pure tannin, in the lower intestines. The action of tannigen reaches even the rectum, where partially unchanged tannigens, partially free tannic acid, are demonstrated. The tannins are known to act as astringents and anti-streak agents. Tannins in contact with the mucosa of the animal intestine make the cell structure of the membrane more compact, and when the proteins are lost, they form a protective layer on which the parasites do not find a suitable substrate for development. In addition, there is a special property of tannins, consisting in their coagulating effect on the protoplasm of parasites, thus significantly reducing their viability. These agents are used in the form of solutions, extracts, etc. in combination with grape sugar or other digestible sugar, either directly or as a feed for the bees, while at the same time keeping the feeder and hives as clean as possible. PL
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL34367B1 true PL34367B1 (en) | 1951-04-30 |
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