PL236564B1 - Candle with catalytic converter and exhaust cooling cover - Google Patents

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a torch with a catalytic converter and an exhaust gas cooling cover, which consists of a torch cover (1) with holes (1a) placed on the torch housing (2) with holes (2a) in the side wall. It is characterized by the fact that there is a porous sorption layer (3) in the torch cover (1), which fills the space under the holes (1a). Under the sorption layer (3) there is the first heat sink (4) connected to the cooled side of the thermoelectric module (5) connected to the power battery (9). The heated side of the thermoelectric module (5) is connected to the second heat sink (6) located outside the torch cover (1). Under the first radiator (4) in the torch housing (2) there is a catalytic converter (7), under which there is an exhaust gas heater (8) connected to a power battery (9).

Description

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a candle with a catalytic converter and an exhaust gas cooling cover.

So far, various types of torch covers in the form of flat, conical and their modifications are known. They are made of sheet metal or thermally resistant polymer materials.

In the description of the utility model application PL113460 (U1) there is presented a torch consisting of a base and a lampshade with a shape similar to a kerosene lamp, covered with a windproof cover. The candle described in the patent application PL301130 (A1) has a gas tank equipped with a valve and a burner and a diffuser with a metal cover. The convex cover is provided with ventilation holes. Patent application PL326577 (A1) describes a torch in which a tightly fitted cover creates an airbag that provides insulation against changing weather conditions. The description of the utility model application CN205824919 (U) shows a lantern in which candles are burned and which is protected against rain. In the description of the utility model application PL101260 (U1) an ecological candle is presented, characterized in that a body with a candle mass and a wick, which is preferably made of paper, is covered with a diaphragm ring with an axially located hole.

In the description of the utility model application CN204318350 (U) there is a candle with candles placed on a support in the water reservoir. The fumes emitted during the burning of candles pass through the filtering layer and then are discharged outside the burner's housing. The fan forcing the flue gas to move is powered by a battery connected to a solar panel. A device for filtering flue gas from burning candles is disclosed in the patent application US2002083835 (A1). The used adjustable candle housing directs the exhaust gas onto a filter that cleans the passing exhaust gas. Votive candlesticks with the possibility of exhaust gas purification provided with separate exhaust extractors installed above individual candles or equipped with one main extractor are shown in the description of utility model application DE29823407 (U1). Patent applications DE2629600 (A1) and FR2777768 (A1) relate to hoods installed above candles, which extract and filter exhaust gases. In turn, the description of utility model application DE29921854 (U1) shows a filter element mounted directly above the candle flame. Ceramic filters or filters made of mineral fibers coated with a catalytic substance are used.

Patent description PL231332 (B1) describes a device for cleaning the exhaust gas from a candle, which consists of a cover placed on the burner housing with a ceramic foam filter inside. There is a turbine in the cover above the filter in the shape of a cylinder, truncated cone or ball, forcing the exhaust gas to flow through the filter. The surfaces of the ceramic foam filter are coated with a catalytic substance. The devices presented in the patents PL231333 (B1), PL231334 (B1) also consist of a cover put on the casing of the burner, in which there is a ceramic foam filter with catalytic substance at the exhaust outlet. This filter is connected to the cover by means of a shaft situated perpendicularly or parallel to the direction of the exhaust gas flow and having a driver at its end. The exhaust gases are directed to the filter by means of a deflector.

From the patent specification DE3915748 (C1) a device is known for cleaning exhaust gas from particulate matter emitted during candle burning. The device consists of a candle burning chamber, the upper part of which is covered with a hood and has a channel with a fan extracting the exhaust fumes. The hood is equipped with a filter that stops solid soot particles.

From the patent application AU2015267308 (A1) there is known a device for spreading various types of chemical substances in the air, e.g. insect repellants. Inside the restoration, in its lower part, there is a candle and a container with a chemical agent is mounted above it. The discharged warm exhaust gases are directed to the container by means of deflectors and heat up its contents, which increases the emission of substances into the air.

Ceramic-polymer composites and methods of producing ceramic-polymer composites are presented in the patent description PL193651 (B1). Ceramic-polymer composites are characterized by the fact that the continuous phase of the composites consists of porous ceramics, and the dispersed phase is an organic substance in the form of a thermoplastic polymer. Preferably, the ceramic is alumina, zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride and aluminum silicates. The thermoplastic polymer is preferably polymethyl methacrylate, styrene acrylic copolymer, epoxy resin, and polyurethane resin.

PL 236 564 B1

The literature also includes polymer-ceramic composites in which an organic polymer is a continuous phase, and a ceramic material is the dispersed phase (Przygoda M., Pawlak A., Gałęski A. "Characteristics of carbonate fillers for plastics" Polymers-High-molecular Plastics, 40 , 5, 289-297,1995). A characteristic feature of this type of composites is the presence in the polymer of fillers in the form of, for example, chalk, silica, carbon black, glass fiber or carbon fiber.

There are also high-porosity ceramics produced by the foaming method and metal porous materials, including the so-called monolithic foams, composite foams produced by mixing liquid aluminum alloys and ceramics, and syntactic foams, which are usually three-phase combinations of a metal matrix, ceramic layers and the gas inside these layers (Paciorek J. "Porous materials - properties and application" T rendy ve vzdelavani , 5, 1,229232,2012.

The literature knows porous sorption layers used for flue gas cleaning (Oleniacz R. "Dry flue gas cleaning system from hazardous waste incineration - assessment of the effectiveness of gaseous substances removal and the possibility of meeting emission standards" Inżynieria i Ochrony Środowiska, 9, 2, 85-99, 2009 ).

In the description of the patent application CN107376593 (A) a method of producing an absorbent material for removing carbon dioxide from flue gas is presented, consisting in first preparing a porous structure of a composite material with a boron nitride nanolayer or with montmorillonite inclusions and cross-linking polysiloxane. This material is prepared by calcining several mixed ingredients in a muffle furnace, including powdered fluorspar, calcium carbonate and sodium silicate. The composite material is then soaked with a solution of ethyl succinate and diethyl carbonate, then centrifuged and dried.

The method of producing the hydrocyanic acid adsorbent material from cigarette smoke and the method of its use are described in the description of patent application CN102499481 (A).

The method of production consists in impregnating the surface of the support material, which may be, for example, silica gel, activated carbon or alumina, with the active ingredients in the form of sodium silicate and potassium silicate. The resulting adsorbent material may be added to a cigarette filter or may be part of a composite filter in cigarettes.

The description of the patent application KR100464243 (B1) describes a method of producing a filter material in the form of expanded polypropylene (EPP) impregnated with activated carbon and a device using such a filter material for more economical and efficient treatment of biofilm-forming organic matter from wastewater. The method of producing the filter material includes the step of mixing a predetermined ratio of the input ingredients, which are polypropylene resin and powdered activated carbon, and the step of producing foamed polypropylene with activated carbon. To 100 parts by weight of the polypropylene resin, 1 to 20 parts by weight of activated carbon powder are added, the activated carbon powder having a particle size of 10 to 300 µm. The components of the production of the filter material are the process of preparing the composite material (polypropylene resin with activated carbon), the mixing process, the injection process, the foaming process and the process of obtaining the product. In the produced filter material, the addition of activated carbon increases the adsorption capacity, porosity and the active surface.

Patent application DE102005058612 (A1) discloses a pleated filter element with unidirectional exhaust gas flow. It consists of a stable structure supporting the fibrous material, which may contain a hydrocarbon adsorbent, e.g. in the form of fibers or granules of activated carbon or zeolite.

The description of the utility model application CN207025003 (U) discloses an exhaust gas purifying device which comprises a honeycomb filter core made of activated carbon fibers. In turn, the description of the patent application DE4134222 (A1) describes an air filter used especially inside cars for the removal of odors and exhaust gases, which consists of a porous fabric, e.g. polyester, coated with active carbon.

A chemical honeycomb filter made of glass, ceramic or organic fibers coated with activated carbon or zeolite and the method of producing the filter is described in the patent application US20010029843 (A1).

In the patent application JPS5244775 (A) a method of purifying air and removing harmful and unpleasant odors and carbon monoxide from it by means of a filter consisting of a metal mesh, natural or synthetic zeolite and glass fibers or non-woven material is presented.

PL 236 564 B1

The patent description KR100738487 (B1) describes a photocatalytic zeolite filter and a method of its production. The method of producing a zeolite filter with a photocatalyst consists in burning and mixing the components, which are powdered zeolite, titanium dioxide (photocatalyst), binder and ceramic fibers or glass fibers. Then the surface of the carrier material is coated with the obtained solution and the shape of the filter is formed.

Patent application JP2001010835 (A) describes a method of producing porous glass fibers from natural zeolites, which can be used as a filter material for removing carbon dioxide, dioxins and other impurities from air or exhaust gases. The essential component in the production of the fibers is a mixture of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and boron oxide, which is subjected to phase separation and acid leaching treatments. The end result is a porous glass fiber made of natural zeolite with ion-exchange properties, used in the filtration purification of exhaust gases.

The aim of the invention is to purify the exhaust gases from the burner insert combustion.

The subject of the invention is a candle with a catalytic converter and an exhaust gas cooling cover. It consists of a burner cover with holes, placed on the burner housing with openings in the side wall, a catalytic converter and a sorption layer.

Its essence is that in the cover of the torch there is a porous sorption layer that fills the space under the holes, and under the sorption layer there is a first heat sink connected to the cooled side of the thermoelectric module connected to the power battery. The heated side of the thermoelectric module is connected to a second heat sink located outside the cover of the torch. Under the first heat sink in the torch's casing there is a catalytic converter, under which there is an exhaust gas heater connected to a power battery connected to a solar cell.

Preferably, the porous sorption layer is a ceramic-polymer composite containing alumina coated with a layer of expanded polypropylene EPP or a conglomerate of high porosity granular zeolite and glass fiber, or a mixture of granulated active carbon and glass fiber.

The preferred effect of the application of the invention is the cooled and purified flue gas resulting from the burning of the candle insert. Moreover, the cover of the torch, which is usually made of varnished sheet metal or polymer material, is not heated to high temperatures. As a result, additional pollutants are not emitted into the air. There is also no risk of burns when touching the cover.

The invention has been presented in an exemplary embodiment in a schematic drawing which shows a torch with a catalytic converter and an exhaust gas cooling cover in a perspective view.

In an embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, the candle with the catalytic converter and the exhaust gas cooling cover consists of the burner cover 1, which is made of polyamide PA66 GF30, and the burner housing 2 made of colored tempered glass. The torch cover 1 has the shape of the side walls of a regular quadrilateral prism connected at the top with the side walls of the truncated pyramid, which in turn are connected at the top with the open base of the smaller correct quadrilateral prism. In each of the side walls of the smaller prism there are two rectangular holes 1a. In the torch cover 1 there is a porous sorption layer 3, which fills the space under the openings 1a in the torch cover 1. Under the sorption layer 3 there are first heat sinks 4 common to four thermoelectric modules 5 placed outside one of the sides of the torch cover 1 and four thermoelectric modules 5 located on the outside of the opposite side of the torch cover 1. The first heat sinks 4 are made of aluminum split flat bars which are connected at their ends to the cooled sides of the thermoelectric modules 5. The heated sides of the thermoelectric modules 5 are connected to second heat sinks 6 outside the cover of the torch 1 and also made of aluminum separated flat bars. The thermoelectric modules 5 are TEC1-03108 Peltier cells from STONECOLD which are electrically connected to a supply battery 9 in the form of an AA R6 battery with a DC / DC converter. The thermoelectric modules 5 are also connected to four solar cells 11, which are solar cells OS22, movably attached to the sides of the torch cover 1. Mounting of the cells enables their perpendicular positioning in the direction of incident sunlight. The electric circuit is closed by a two-position switch 10 with an LED indicator. The torch cover 1 is placed on the rectangular casing of the torch 2, which in the lower parts of the side walls has

There are four circular holes 2a. In the upper narrowed part of the torch housing 2, under the first heat sinks 4 located in the torch cover 1, there are successively a catalytic converter 7 and an electric exhaust gas heater 8, which is electrically connected to a battery 9 in the form of an AA R6 battery with a DC / DC converter. The flue gas heater 8 is also connected to four solar cells 11.

In the first embodiment, the porous sorption layer 3 is a ceramic-polymer composite containing alumina covered with a layer of expanded polypropylene EPP produced in the laboratory of the Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology. The catalytic converter 7 consists of a 10 ppi porous Ferro-Term ceramic foam substrate coated with an aluminum trioxide intermediate layer followed by an active layer containing platinum.

In the second embodiment, the porous sorption layer 3 is a conglomerate of granulated zeolite with high porosity and glass fiber produced by mixing in the laboratory of the Faculty of Environmental Engineering of the Lublin University of Technology. The catalytic converter 7 has a metal honeycomb substrate made of a corrosion-resistant thin steel foil 0.07 mm thick. The surfaces of this substrate are covered with a layer of aluminum trioxide and an active layer containing palladium.

In a third embodiment, the porous sorption layer 3 is a mixture of granular activated carbon and glass fiber. The catalytic converter 7 consists of a DRACHE 10 ppi porous ceramic foam substrate, the surfaces of which are covered with a layer of aluminum trioxide and an active layer containing palladium.

During the burning of the W5 paraffin insert from LUKS in a candle with a catalytic converter and a flue gas cooling cover, shown in the exemplary embodiment, the outside air enters the burning area of the candle insert through holes 2a located in the lower part of the candle housing 2. The emitted exhaust gases are directed to the heater the exhaust gas 8, in which their temperature is increased. Then the exhaust gases with a stable temperature are passed to the catalytic converter 7, where they are cleaned of nitrogen oxides, soot and hydrocarbons. Next, the exhaust gases are directed to the cover of the torch 1, where they pass between the planes of the first heat sinks 4 and are cooled. Then the exhaust gases pass through the sorption layer 3, where they are cleaned of the remaining impurities. The cleaned flue gas is discharged to the environment through openings 1 a in the cover of the torch 1. Heat from the flue gases, which is received by the first heat sinks 4, is transported to the heated side of the thermoelectric modules 5, and from there it is transferred to the surrounding air through the second heat sinks 6.

List of designations

- cover the snitch

1a - hole in the cover

- torch housing

2a - hole in the side wall of the torch housing. 3 - porous sorption layer

- the first heat sink

- thermoelectric module

- second heat sink

- catalytic converter

- exhaust gas heater

- power battery

- power switch

- solar cell

Claims (4)

Patent claims 1. Candlestick with catalytic converter and flue gas cooling cover consisting of a torch cover (1) with holes (1a) put on the torch casing (2) with holes (2a) in the side wall and with a catalytic converter (7) and a sorption layer (3) ), characterized in that the cover of the torch (1) has a porous sorption layer (3) that fills the space under the openings (1a), and that under the sorption layer (3) there is a first heat sink (4) connected to the cooled side of the thermoelectric module ( 5) connected to a supply battery (9), whereby The heated side of the thermoelectric module (5) is connected to the second heat sink (6) located outside the torch cover (1), and under the first heat sink (4) in the torch housing (2) there is a catalytic converter (7), under which there is an exhaust gas heater (8) connected to a power battery (9) which is connected to a solar cell (11). 2. Candlestick according to p. 3. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the porous sorption layer (3) is a ceramic-polymer composite containing alumina covered with a layer of expanded polypropylene EPP. 3. Candlestick according to p. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the porous sorption layer (3) is a conglomerate of granular highly porous zeolite and glass fiber. 4. Candlestick according to p. 3. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the porous sorption layer (3) is a mixture of granulated activated carbon and glass fiber.