PL228495B1 - Roof slope window with air supply duct - Google Patents

Description

(21) Filing number: 408389 (51) Int.CI.

E06B 7/10 (2006.01) F24F 13/18 (2006.01) E04D 13/03 (2006.01)

Patent Office of the Republic of Poland (22) Date of filing: May 30, 2014 (54)

Roof window with air supply duct

(43) Application was announced: 07/12/2015 BUP 25/15 (73) The right holder of the patent: FAKRO PP SPÓŁKA Z OGRANICZONĄ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCIĄ, Nowy Sącz, PL (45) The grant of the patent was announced: 30/04/2018 WUP 04/18 (72) Inventor (s): PIOTR ŚWIERK, Mszana Dolna, PL

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PL 228 495 B1

Description of the invention

The subject of the invention is a roof window with an air supply channel, which is located inside the upper frame of the frame and has automatic regulation of the amount of air flowing through the channel.

The diffuser acts as a channel supplying fresh air to the rooms. The necessity to use diffusers arose as a result of efforts to reduce heat losses in buildings by over-sealing and blocking natural air exchange in rooms. Typically, diffusers are used in facade windows.

In the case of attics, where the only windows are usually skylights, there was a need for diffusers structurally related to roof windows. A natural solution are diffusers placed in the window structure due to the relative ease of their manufacture and installation. In this case, it is not necessary to make additional air supply openings in the facade.

There are known solutions with pressure regulation of the amount of the incoming air stream, having an elastic or spring-rotating element changing the size of the air flow channel. They can be used both in facade and roof windows. Among them, there are solutions used especially in facade windows, in which the channels formed between the casing and the sash frame in the closed position are used. One such solution is disclosed in the application DE19610428 A1. A uniform longitudinal seal embedded in the frame, sealing the closed leaf in the frame, has ventilation openings and an elastic barrier along the entire profile of the seal. This solution assumes an unregulated air flow towards the outside of the window and regulated in the opposite direction. The flow rate is regulated by the diaphragm, which remains in the basic position when there is no air flow. The flowing air exerts a dynamic pressure on the surface of the barrier, causing it to bend towards the closing of the ventilation openings. The size of the ventilation passage opening thus depends on the velocity of the flowing air, which at a relatively constant pressure is proportional to the size of the incoming air stream. This solution is to stabilize the size of the air stream at a variable pressure difference between the outside and inside of the window. Its use, however, is basically limited to facade windows. In roof windows there is a problem of protection against rainwater, which this solution does not provide.

An example of an air inlet built into the structure of the window frame is shown, among others, in patent EP 2150658 B1, which discloses a self-pressurized method for opening or closing the supply channel. The roof window in this solution has a frame and a sash that can be rotated in relation to the horizontal axis. The supply air duct is made in the upper sill of the frame. The inlet opening of the supply air duct is on the outside and the outlet is on the inside of the window. The longitudinal edges of the inlet and outlet openings are parallel to the edge of the upper frame, and their length is the width of the supply channel, while the length of the supply channel determines the distance between the inlet and outlet openings.

Inside the supply duct, a diaphragm is mounted, which adjoins with one longitudinal edge to one internal surface of the supply duct, and the other longitudinal edge faces the air inlet to the supply duct. The length of the longitudinal edges of the barrier is at least equal to the width of the supply channel, and the shorter edges of the barrier are longer than the distance between the inner surfaces of the channel with which the edges of the barrier cooperate. The shutter is fitted inside the supply duct so that it always returns after being deflected from its initial position under the influence of the spring force.

The unresolved problem of the presented solution is the unstable flow characteristic in the lower range of the pressure difference. The movable shutter installed in the supply duct deviates from the base position to the operating position which is a function of the air flow rate, at the set values of other parameters. The home position means that the supply air duct is fully open in the absence of air flow. The deflection of the barrier, located in the upper sill of the frame, is additionally dependent on the angle of the window installation in the roof, which is the unfavorable effect of the force of gravity on the barrier. The diaphragm is fixed in the supply air duct with one longitudinal edge, while the other edge is free. The diaphragm in the basic position is inclined at an angle to the direction of the force of gravity. Changing the window mounting angle changes the slope of the shutter and, as a result, changes the resultant return force of the shutter. Thus, this solution allows for the correct selection of the parameters of the barrier only for a specific narrow one

PL 228 495 B1 range of the window mounting angle. Exceeding this range causes a change in the resultant of forces acting on the barrier and other, less stable, characteristics of its operation, especially in terms of a low pressure difference on both sides of the barrier.

The aim of the proposed solution is a roof window with an air supply channel in the frame, with a pressure-regulated air stream, the flow stream characteristics of which will be repeatable regardless of the window installation angle in the roof and close to a linear one, with the smallest possible dependence of the air stream on the pressure difference between the outside and inside. windows in the entire designed range.

The roof window in this solution has a frame and a rotating sash, and the air supply duct is made in the upper sill of the frame. The inlet opening of the supply air duct is on the outside and the outlet is on the inside of the window. The supply channel can be a single channel with a preferably longitudinal cross-section, in which the longitudinal edges of the inlet and outlet openings are parallel to the edge of the upper frame and their length is the width of the supply channel, while the length of the supply channel determines the distance between the inlet and outlet openings. Alternatively, the supply channel may be a set of several smaller channels arranged parallel along the longitudinal edge of the upper stile.

The air flowing through the supply duct is taken from the space covered with a profiled element that covers the entire frame and cooperates with the flange connecting the roof window with the roof covering. The profiled element protects the window against weather conditions, especially against rainwater. There is a built-in coarse filter at the inlet to the supply duct, filtering the pre-incoming air from larger solid contaminants, such as leaves, and protecting the supply duct against interference by small animals or birds. The outlet opening of the supply air duct is equipped with a ventilation grille, which enables manual adjustment of the amount of air flowing into the interior.

The diaphragm embedded inside the supply duct is fixed with a longitudinal edge fixed to one internal surface of the supply duct, and with the other longitudinal free edge facing the air inlet to the supply duct, partially obscuring its clearance. The length of the longitudinal edges of the barrier is at least equal to the width of the supply channel, and the shorter edges of the barrier are longer than the distance between the internal surfaces of the supply channel with which the edges of the barrier cooperate. The shutter is fitted inside the supply channel so that it always returns to this position upon deflection from the starting position under the influence of the spring force back.

The air flowing through the supply duct presses against one side of the shutter and causes a pressure difference on both sides. When the pressure difference force exceeds the value of the shutter return force, the shutter deviates from the seat surface towards the opposite inner surface of the channel cavity, which causes a narrowing of the supply channel lumen for the flowing air. The higher the air speed, the greater the pressure difference on both sides of the shutter, which deflects more strongly towards the opposite wall of the supply duct. In this way, depending on the pressure difference, the shutter moves into a specific working position. In order to prevent complete closure of the supply duct, the shutter must not rest against the opposite wall of the supply duct along the entire length of the movable edge. This is achieved by the use of spacers. The change in the lumen of the supply air duct is inversely proportional to the average velocity of incoming air, which has a stabilizing effect on the amount of incoming air stream, even when the air velocity is very high.

A distinguishing feature of the invention is a set consisting of a shutter, which is an essentially flat strip made of flexible flexible material, and a counterweight connected to the shutter.

The counterweight serves to balance the moment of force due to the force of gravity on the diaphragm supported along the fixed edge, while the other edge of the diaphragm remains free. This solution makes the operation of the diffuser independent of the angle of installation of the window in the roof and increases the versatility of the solution. After the effect of gravity is balanced, the barrier reacts only to the forces resulting from the pressure difference on both sides. The advantageous effect of the proposed solution is a very favorable flat characteristic of the air stream as a function of the pressure difference between the outside and inside of the window in the entire designed range. This means that the air flow that is passed through is only slightly dependent on the pressure difference.

PL 228 495 B1

The counterweight is an element connected to the shutter which, together with the shutter, forms a balanced double-sided lever embedded in a rotating or rotating-sliding support point along the edge of the fixed shutter. Such a system, regardless of the angle of installation of the window in the roof, within the typical slope angles of the roof, as well as for flat roofs, is balanced. The counterweight is substantially non-symmetrical with respect to the fulcrum position, in which the first lever arm is formed as a shutter holder engaging the free edge of the shutter and the second counterweight is a moment-of-force balancing mass. The fulcrum of the counterweight is located substantially proximate the edge of the fixed shutter. The shutter holder is part of the counterweight used to apply a force to the shutter to balance the force of gravity. It is important that the solution of the handle structure ensures as even distribution of the balancing force acting on the barrier or its free edge as possible. A counterweight with at least a double two point shutter holder is a preferred solution. In such an embodiment, the counterweight is substantially Y-shaped, with the base of the letter being the second arm of the counterweight and the upper forks corresponding to the shutter handles.

The balance mass is located on the opposite side of the shutter holder to the support point of the counterweight. It can be placed as a point mass on the arm or as a continuous or dispersed mass, e.g. in the form of a bar mounted on the second lever arm.

Depending on the detailed solution adopted, the cooperation of the counterweight with the diaphragm may take place in several different ways.

In the first exemplary embodiment, the counterweight is non-movably connected to the free edge of the shutter, and the counterweight arm lies freely on the surface of the shutter or on the sliding edge made in the inner surface of the supply channel in the vicinity of the groove in which the fixed edge of the shutter is seated. For this reason, the counterweight must always be located on the top side of the shutter so that, under the influence of gravity, in the mounting position of the window, it rests on the shutter and on the sliding edge. During the deflection of the shutter due to the flowing air, the shutter holder deflects together with the free edge and the counterweight performs a substantially rotating and sliding movement with respect to the fulcrum.

Due to the possibility of violent gusts of air causing a quick jump of the diaphragm position and the counterweight, which may cause noise as a result of hitting the retaining wall in the supply duct, the solution according to the proposed invention includes shock-absorbing spacer elements that keep the diaphragm and counterweights in the closing position of the supply duct. They are embedded in the wall of the supply duct or in one of the arms, preferably each with a counterweight. In the latter case, the first counterweight arm may be a spacer for the shutter in the position closing the supply channel.

In the second exemplary embodiment, preferably each counterweight is rotatably mounted in a counterweight holder fixed inside the supply duct, while the shutter holder is loosely connected to the shutter and forms a seat inside which the free edge of the shutter is allowed to move within a limited range.

Due to the flow of air, the deflecting diaphragm causes the counterweight to rotate with respect to the fulcrum in the counterweight holder. In this solution, the use of spacers and shock absorbers is more desirable due to the greater ease of rotation of the counterweight and the ability to strike the retaining wall with greater force. In addition to the elements used in the first example, a shock-absorbing tongue was used to mitigate the impact of the counterweight on the retaining wall of the supply channel during the adjustment of the shutter to the supply channel closing position. The damper blade is a resilient element fixed to or integral to the first arm. As the shutter closes, the damping blade absorbs and dissipates some of the kinetic energy of the counterweight. By additionally using a cushioning insert, embedded in the retaining wall at the point of contact with the spacer and / or the tongue, silent operation of the shutter is ensured when changing its position. In order to increase the damping efficiency, in the abutment wall under the shock-absorbing insert, it is possible to advantageously provide voids in the form of a small depression in the material. In this solution, under the impact of the counterweight arm, the cushion insert has a free space for a slight elastic deflection, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the shock absorption.

PL 228 495 B1

A detail solution is also advantageous in which the counterweight is permanently attached to the shutter, e.g. by gluing, or one arm of the counterweight that replaces the shutter holder of the previous solutions may be integrated with the shutter or be part of it. The other arm of the counterweight is a mass that balances the moment of force acting on the diaphragm due to gravity.

In the solutions proposed above, the operating position of the barrier with the counterweight does not depend on the angle of installation of the window, but only on the balance of the forces of the influence of the flowing air and the elastic response of the barrier. It is possible to select the masses and dimensions of the shutter and the counterweight to ensure a stable and predictable flow rate characteristic as a function of the pressure difference between the outer and inner part of the window.

A roof window diffuser solution according to the invention in a first embodiment, in which the counterweight is located on the pivot-sliding support point, is shown in the figures Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b, where:

- Fig. 1a shows the cross-section through the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the open position,

- in Fig. 1b, a cross-section through the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the closed position,

- Fig. 2a shows a spatial view of a fragment of the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the open position,

- Fig. 2b shows a spatial view of a fragment of the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the closed position.

The embodiment of a roof window diffuser according to the invention in a second embodiment, in which the counterweight is mounted on the pivot point, is shown in the drawings Fig. 3a, Fig. 3b, Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b, where:

- Figure 3a shows the cross-section through the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the open position,

- in Fig. 3b, a cross-section through the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the closed position,

- Fig. 4a shows a spatial view of a fragment of the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the open position,

- Fig. 4b shows a spatial view of a fragment of the upper sill and the diffuser with the membrane in the closed position.

Fig. 5a shows an exemplary diagram of the dependence of the air stream flow on the pressure difference on both sides of the partition for a standard barrier without a counterweight. In the range up to 15 Pa, the lack of control of parameters is visible - variable values of the air stream flow depending on the angle.

Fig. 5b shows a diagram of the air flow versus the pressure difference on both sides of the partition for a balanced barrier with a counterweight. Full control of the airflow is visible across the entire differential pressure range.

A roof window with an air supply air channel according to the invention in a first embodiment, consisting essentially of a frame and a pivotable sash, is provided with an air supply channel 1 in the upper frame of the frame. The inlet 11 of the supply air duct 1 is outside, and the outlet 12 is on the inside of the window. The supply duct 1 is a set of several smaller ducts located parallel along the longitudinal edge of the upper sill.

The air flowing through the supply duct 1 is taken from the space covered by the profiled element 2, which cooperates with the flange connecting the roof window with the roof covering. A coarse filter 3 is built into the inlet of the supply air duct. Outlet 12 of the supply air duct 1 is equipped with a ventilation grille 4.

The resilient shutter 5 embedded inside the supply channel 1 is fixed along the fixed edge 51, stiffly embedded in the groove 13 made along the stile, in such a way that it always returns after being swung away from the initial position, i.e. the open position, under the influence of the spring return force. The other edge of the shutter 5, the free edge 52, faces the inlet opening 11 of the supply channel 1, partially obstructing its opening.

An additional element, belonging to the essence of the invention, cooperating with the shutter 5 is the counterweight 6, which serves to balance the moment of force acting on the shutter 5 fixed in the groove 13, resulting from the force of gravity.

PL 228 495 B1

The counterweight 6 together with the shutter 5 forms a balanced double-sided lever, resting freely on the sliding edge 14, which is the fulcrum "P" for the rotating-sliding kinematic node. The counterweight 6 is substantially non-symmetrical with respect to the fulcrum "P, in which the first lever arm 61 terminates in a shutter holder 62 cooperating with the free edge 52 of the shutter 5, and the second arm 63 of the counterweight 6 constitutes a mass balancing the moment of force. The support point "P" of the counterweight 6 is located near the edge of the fixed 51 diaphragm 5. In the case of optional fastening of the shutter 5, e.g. with glue, directly to the wall surface of the supply duct 1, the counterweight 6 lies freely on the diaphragm 5 and the support point "P "There is no clear position along the length of the counterweight arms 6. The shutter holder 62 is the part of the counterweight 6 for applying a force to the shutter 6 to balance the force of gravity.

A balance mass 64 in the form of a beam arranged along the second arm 63 of the counterweight is located on the opposite side of the shutter holder 62 to the fulcrum "P" of the counterweight 6.

In order to reduce the disadvantages arising from the impact of the shutter holder 62 against the retaining wall when the shutter 6 moves from the open position shown in Fig. 1a to the closed position shown in Fig. 1b, the solution according to the proposed invention comprises, for each counterweight 6, an element spacer and shock absorber 7, whose task is also to maintain a fixed position of the shutter 5 closing the supply duct. The spacer and shock absorber 7 is embedded in the retaining wall 15 of the supply duct 1.

As an alternative to the above-described solution, it is possible to implement, not shown in the drawings, in which the counterweight 6 is rotatably mounted on the sliding edge 14. In such an embodiment, the sliding edge 14 has a preferably rounded shape, acting as a half-pin for pivoting a seat being part of the counterweight. 6. The seat is shaped to facilitate its rotation within a limited angular range on the sliding edge 14.

The number of counterweights 6 and the corresponding spacer and shock-absorbing elements 7, located in the supply duct 1 along the shutter 5, is adjusted substantially to the stiffness and length of the shutter 5. The shutter 5 should be able to deflect over its entire length.

Roof window with air supply duct according to the invention in a second embodiment, is characterized in that, preferably, each counterweight 6 'is pivotally mounted in a counterweight holder 8' fixed inside the supply duct 1, while the shutter holder 62 'is loosely connected to the shutter 5 and it constitutes a seat inside which the free edge 52 of the shutter 5 is movable within a limited range.

The shutter 5 deflects with respect to its fixation in the groove 13, and pressing on the walls of the shutter holder 62 'causes the counterweight 6' to rotate with respect to the fulcrum in the counterweight holder 8 '. In this solution, additional spacers and shock-absorbing elements are of greater importance, due to the greater ease of rotation of the counterweight 6 'and the possibility of its impact against the retaining wall 15 with greater force when closing the supply duct 1 due to rapid changes in the pressure difference acting on the diaphragm 5. Shock absorbing element. the impact of the counterweight 6 'is a damping tongue 65', which is a resilient element that is integral with the first arm 61 'of counterweight 6'. As the shutter closes, the damping tongue 65 'absorbs and absorbs some of the energy of the counterweight 6'.

An additional element ensuring the silent operation of the set when changing the position of the shutter 5 is the shock-absorbing insert 9 ', embedded in the retaining wall 15, at the point of contact with the shock-absorbing tongue 65' or, in the version without the shock-absorbing tongue, with the first arm 61 'of the counterweight 6'. In addition, in order to increase the damping efficiency, a void 10 'in the form of a small cavity of preferably regular shapes is provided in the abutment wall 15 directly under the shock-absorbing insert 9'. The contact of the damper blade 65 'or the first arm 61' with the cushion insert 9 'is directly above the void 10', which provides quiet and gentle damping and absorption of the kinetic energy of the rotating counterweight.

The above-mentioned examples do not exhaust the configuration possibilities of the balanced system consisting of the shutter 5 and the counterweight 6, 6 '. One possible configuration, not shown in the drawings, is a detail solution in which the counterweight 6 is firmly connected to the shutter 5, e.g. by gluing, or the first arm 61 of the counterweight 6, replacing the shutter holder 62 of the first embodiment, may be integrated with it. aperture 5 or be a part of it.

Claims (15)

Patent claims 1. A roof window with an air supply duct made inside the upper frame of the frame, the inlet opening of which is on the outer side of the window, and the outlet opening is on the inner side of the window, and inside the supply duct there is an elastic diaphragm seated in the groove along the fixed edge, deflected during of the air flow and returning to the starting position under the influence of the return force of elasticity, the edges of the barrier co-operate with the inner surfaces of the supply duct, and the changing position of the shutter regulates the amount of air stream flowing through the supply duct depending on the pressure difference between the outer and inner side of the roof window, characterized by in that it has at least one counterweight (6, 6 ') which together with the shutter (5) forms a balanced double-sided lever, rotatably or rotatably mounted on the bearing point "P". 2. A window according to claim 1, characterized in that the support point "P" of the rotating-sliding support of the counterweight (6) is a sliding edge (14) inside the supply duct (1). 3. A window according to claim 1, characterized in that the pivot point "P" of the rotational support of the counterweight (6 ') is a sliding edge (14) or a counterweight holder (8') fixed inside the supply duct (1), and the shutter holder (62 ') ) is loosely connected to the free edge (52) of the shutter (5). A window according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first arm (61, 61 ') of the counterweight (6, 6') has a shutter holder (62, 62 ') cooperating with the free edge (52) of the shutter (5), and the second arm (63) of the counterweight (6) is a mass that balances the moment of force due to gravity. A window according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the shutter holder (62) is non-movably connected to the free edge (52) of the shutter (5), and the sliding edge (14) inside the supply duct (1) is the shutter surface (5). near its fixed edge (51) or a sliding edge (14) inside the supply air duct (1). A window according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that the shutter holder (62 ') is loosely connected to the shutter (5) and forms a seat inside which the free edge (52) of the shutter (5) is free to move within a limited range. A window as claimed in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the counterweight (6, 6 ') has a single shutter holder (62, 62'). A window according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the counterweight (6, 6 ') has a double shutter holder (62, 62') and is substantially Y-shaped or has a multiple shutter holder (62, 62 '). 9. A window according to claim 4, characterized in that the counterweight (6, 6 ') has a point, continuous or diffuse balance mass (64) mounted on the second arm (63). 10. A window as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the counterweight (6, 6 ') has a continuous balance mass in the form of a bar mounted on the second arm (63). 11. A window according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first arm (61, 61 ') of the counterweight (6, 6') forms a spacer for the shutter (5) in the closing position of the supply channel (1). A window according to claim 11, characterized in that for each counterweight (6, 6 ') it has a spacer and shock-absorbing element (7) that keeps the shutter (5) in the closing position of the supply channel (1) embedded in the retaining wall (15). the supply air duct (1). A window as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the first arm (61 ') of the counterweight (6') has a damping tongue (65 ') to mitigate the impact of the counterweight (6') against the retaining wall (15) of the supply duct (1) during movement the shutter (5) closing the supply duct (1). A window according to claim 11 or 13, characterized in that for each counterweight (6 '), there is a void (10') in the abutment wall (15), covered with a shock-absorbing insert (9 '), made at the point of contact with the first arm ( 61, 61 ') of the counterweight (6, 6') and / or a damper blade (65 '). 15. A window according to claim 3, characterized in that the counterweight holder (8 ') is fixed in the retaining wall (15).