PL215858B1 - Chisel, especially for straw bales - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention is a bale cutter for plant biomass, especially straw bales, intended for organic fertilizers, animal bedding, fodder or fuel, including briquettes and pellets.

From Polish patent description No. 198 641 a device for cutting all types of fodder and products packed in bales is known, equipped with parallel rotors arranged in cascade one above the other, provided with discs, with V-shaped cutters placed on the edges of the upper rotor discs. The rotors have parallel axes located in the vertical plane.

Moreover, the device is equipped with a baffle in the form of a harrow, situated above the upper rotor, with plate-shaped teeth made of sheet metal inserted with the least possible play in the ends of the V-cutters. The partition's task is to retain too large bale pieces and introduce them to re-shredding more finely.

The known device is also equipped with a bale conveyor with transverse bars attached to the belt and a blower forcing the transport of the shredded material.

In the above-mentioned solution, all the rotors with knives and cutters rotate in the same direction, opposite to the direction of the bale of material introduced into the machine.

From US Patent No. 3,915,392 a hay bale shredding device is known equipped with rotating drums provided with shredding knives and a bale transport conveyor. The drums are parallel and cascaded with the axes in a plane inclined towards the horizontal bale loader.

Moreover, the known device has a net which extends directly over all the drums. The task of the mesh is to retain too large pieces of cut material and introduce them to a new, finer grinding. The cut material outlet is located at the bottom of the device.

In the above-mentioned known device, all the drums rotate in the same direction, concurrent with the direction of the bale of material introduced into the device.

The cutter, especially for straw bales equipped with a bale conveyor, with shafts with knives located in cascade with parallel axes located in the plane inclined towards the conveyor, and a partition of oversized material, according to the invention, is characterized in that it has a zone for mixing the cut material with air located above the rollers and a partition in the mixing zone, and the knife shafts with rotations counter-rotating to the direction of the transported material.

Preferably, the septum is made up of at least one comb with teeth, the teeth of the combs at an angle to the vertical from 0 ° to 30 ° and the ends of the teeth of the combs above the knives or between the knives of adjacent drums.

In one version of the invention, the shafts have knives fixed with respect to the shafts, in particular in the shape of triangles or rectangles, and in another version, the shafts have knives that are pivotable with respect to the shafts.

Preferably, the knives are disposed along helical lines on the surfaces forming the cutter shafts.

The cutter according to the invention works smoothly with high efficiency and does not clog when cutting materials with various properties, also not susceptible to shredding.

The above advantages result primarily from the use of a zone for mixing the cut material with air located above the shafts in the cutter according to the invention, a partition of oversized material in the mixing zone and the shafts rotating opposite to the direction of the transported material.

The subject of the invention is shown in the example of its embodiment in the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a straw bale cutter in the version with shafts equipped with knives fixed in relation to the shafts, Fig. 2 the cutter in a view from the material inlet side, arranged on the surface of the shaft along helical lines, and Fig. 4 is a view of the partition of the cutter in the form of combs with teeth.

The straw bale cutter has a casing (1) with a bale inlet channel (2) and a cut material outlet channel (3), bale chain conveyor (4), high-speed shafts (5) with knives (6) located in the casing (1) in cascade, with parallel axes situated in a plane inclined towards the conveyor (4).

PL 215 858 B1

The ends of the shafts (5) are mounted in the side walls of the housing (1) and are driven by known drives not shown in the drawing.

The cutter in an embodiment of the invention is equipped with shafts (5) with triangular-shaped knives (6), the knives (6) being stationary with respect to the shafts (5).

The knives (6) are evenly distributed along the helix (11) on the surfaces forming the shafts (5).

Moreover, the cutter has a zone (7) for mixing the cut material with air located above the shafts (5) and a partition (8) of oversized material located in the zone (7). The mixing zone (7) is also a transport channel of the chopped material suspended in the air towards the outlet channel (3).

The partition (8) of the oversized material is in the form of combs (9) with teeth (10), the ends of which are located in the zone (7) above the knives (6).

In an embodiment of the invention, the teeth (10) of the combs (9) are located in the cutter along vertical lines.

The shafts (5) with knives (6) rotate opposite to the direction of the transported material and throw the cut material at high speed into the zone (7) mixing the material with air, and at the same time force intensive air flow with the cut material through the zone (7) towards the channel (3) ) of the exhaust slicer.

Claims (9)

1. A cutter, especially straw, equipped with a bale conveyor, shafts with knives located in a cascade with parallel axes situated in a plane inclined towards the conveyor, and a partition for oversized material, characterized by having a zone (7) for mixing the cut material with air located above the shafts (5) and a partition (8) in the zone (7), and also shafts (5) with knives (6) rotating counter-rotating to the direction of the transported material. 2. The cutter according to claim A comb as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the partition (8) is formed by at least one tooth comb (9). 3. A cutter according to claim A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the teeth (10) of the combs (9) are at an angle to the vertical from 0 ° to 30 °. 4. A cutter according to claim The method of claim 2, characterized in that the tips of the teeth (10) of the combs (9) are positioned above the knives (6). 5. A cutter according to claim A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ends of the teeth (10) of the combs (9) are positioned between the knives (6) of adjacent drums (5). A cutter according to claim A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shafts (5) have knives (6) fixed in relation to the shafts (5). A cutter according to claim The machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the knives (6) have the shape of triangles or rectangles. 8. A cutter according to claim A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shafts (5) have knives (6) that pivot relative to the shafts (5). 9. A cutter according to claim A method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the knives (6) are arranged along helical lines (11) on the forming surfaces of the shafts (5).