PL20138B1 - A method of producing a fertilizer containing calcium carbonate and ammonium chloride. - Google Patents

A method of producing a fertilizer containing calcium carbonate and ammonium chloride. Download PDF

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Publication number
PL20138B1
PL20138B1 PL20138A PL2013830A PL20138B1 PL 20138 B1 PL20138 B1 PL 20138B1 PL 20138 A PL20138 A PL 20138A PL 2013830 A PL2013830 A PL 2013830A PL 20138 B1 PL20138 B1 PL 20138B1
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PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
calcium carbonate
ammonium chloride
producing
containing calcium
fertilizer containing
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Application number
PL20138A
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Polish (pl)
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Application filed filed Critical
Publication of PL20138B1 publication Critical patent/PL20138B1/en

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Proponowano juz stosowac weglan lub dwuweglan amonu jako nawóiz sztuczny* Nawóz taki, w porównaniu z innemi solami amonowemi, wykazuje te zalete, ze nie za¬ wiera reszt silnych kwasów, jak kwas siar¬ kowy lub solny, Iktóre stanowia w nawozie niepotrzebny balast i czestokroc powoduja szkodliwe przekwaszenie gleby. Przeciw¬ nie, stosujac weglan amonu, wprowadza sie do gleby kwas weglowy, stanowiacy rów¬ niez wazny srodek odzywczy dla roslin.Mimo uznawanych korzysci, nie roz¬ powszechnilo sie stosowanie weglanów a- monowych jako nawozu, poniewaz dwuwe¬ glan amonowy, a w jeszcze wiekszym stop¬ niu weglan amonu, traca przy przechowy¬ waniu amonjak. Tosamo nastepuje po roz¬ sianiu tych soli na polu. Nawet takie zabie¬ gi, jak granulowanie, mieszanie z siarcza¬ nem wapnia i t. d., nie zdolaly usunac tej wady.Celem niniejszego wynalazku jest usu¬ niecie tych trudnosci i umozliwienie stoso¬ wania weglanu amonu jako nawozu. W mysl wynalazku dziala sie na wodne roz¬ twory chlorku wapnia, np. roztwory od¬ padkowe, otrzymywane przy wyrobie sody sposobem amonjakalnym, amonjakiem i dwutlenkiem wegla lub weglanami amonu, poczem wytworzone produkty, stanowiaceglównie weglan wapnia i chlorek amonu, bez rozdzielania, przerabia sie na suchy nawóz mieszany.W sposobie wedhig wynalazku wyko¬ rzystuje sie zatem znana rekcje pomiedzy chlorkiem wapnia a amonjakiem i dwu¬ tlenkiem wegla, wzglednie gotowym wegla- aiem amonu. Jak wiadomo ciala te reagu¬ ja w ten sposób, ze wytwarza sie weglan wapniowy i chlorek amonowy.Mase reakcyjna otrzymuje sie w su¬ chym stanie przez krystalizacje albo przez odparowywanie, przyczem nalezy stale mieszac i nie przekraczac temperaturyf w której sole amonowe dysocjuja. Mase moz¬ na równiez odwirowywac lub suszyc w in¬ ny sposób. Suchy produkt reakcyjny po¬ siada stosunkowo nieznaczna higroskopij- nosc oraz dobrze sie wysiewa.Rosliny, zdolne do pobierania amonjaku z powyzszej mieszaniny, liwalniaja równo¬ czesnie kwas solny z chlorku amonu, ten zas natychmiast reaguje z obecnym wegla¬ nem wapnia, tworzac chlorek wapnia i wy¬ wiazujac dwutlenek wegla. W tych warun¬ kach zakwaszenie gleby jest wykluczone.Zamiast czystego amonjaku albo czyste¬ go dwutlenku wegla mozna do reakcji sto¬ sowac mieszaniny gazowe, zawierajace oba skladniki albo tylko jeden skladnik. Tak naprzyklad mozna stosowac gaz, otrzymy¬ wany przy destylacji wegla kamiennego i zawierajacy amomjak i dwutlenek wegla, fak gaz koksowniczy lub swietlny. Gazy takie zawieraja z reguly znacznie wiecej dwutlenki wegla niz amonjaku i z tego po¬ wodu, chcac z nich w ten sposób calkowicie usunac dwutlenek wegla, nalezy doprowa¬ dzic nadmiar amonjaku z innego zródla.Nadmiar amonjaku z gazów po reakcji mozna z latwoscia odzyskac znanemi spo¬ sobami.Podobnie mozna wyzyskac do powyz¬ szego celu dwutlenek wegla, zawarty, na¬ przyklad w gazach spalinowych.Mieszanine gazowa dobrze jest wpro¬ wadzac do roztworu chlorku wapnia pod cisnieniem, najkorzystniej pod cisnieniem dwóch lub kilku atmosfer. PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PLIt has already been proposed to use ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate as an artificial fertilizer. This fertilizer, compared to other ammonium salts, has the advantage of not containing residues of strong acids, such as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid, which constitute unnecessary ballast in fertilizers and often cause harmful soil overacidification. On the contrary, using ammonium carbonate introduces carbonic acid into the soil, which is an equally important plant nutrient. Despite the recognized benefits, the use of ammonium carbonates as fertilizers has not become widespread because ammonium bicarbonate, and to an even greater extent ammonium carbonate, loses ammonia during storage. The same occurs when these salts are spread on the field. Even such procedures as granulation, mixing with calcium sulfate, etc., have failed to eliminate this drawback. The aim of the present invention is to eliminate these difficulties and enable the use of ammonium carbonate as a fertilizer. According to the invention, aqueous solutions of calcium chloride, e.g., waste solutions obtained during the production of soda by the ammoniacal method, are treated with ammonia and carbon dioxide or ammonium carbonates. Afterwards, the resulting products, consisting mainly of calcium carbonate and ammonium chloride, are processed into a dry mixed fertilizer without separation. The method of the invention therefore utilizes the known reaction between calcium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide, or ready-made ammonium carbonate. As is known, these substances react to produce calcium carbonate and ammonium chloride. The reaction mass is obtained in a dry state by crystallization or evaporation, while stirring constantly and not exceeding the temperature at which ammonium salts dissociate. The mass can also be centrifuged or dried in another way. The dry reaction product has relatively little hygroscopicity and sows well. Plants capable of absorbing ammonia from the above mixture simultaneously release hydrochloric acid from ammonium chloride, which in turn immediately reacts with the calcium carbonate present, forming calcium chloride and releasing carbon dioxide. Under these conditions, soil acidification is excluded. Instead of pure ammonia or pure carbon dioxide, gas mixtures containing both components or just one component can be used for the reaction. For example, gas obtained during the distillation of hard coal and containing ammonia and carbon dioxide, as well as coke oven gas or illuminating gas, can be used. Such gases usually contain significantly more carbon dioxide than ammonia, and therefore, to completely remove carbon dioxide from them, the excess ammonia must be supplied from another source. Excess ammonia from the reaction gases can be easily recovered using known methods. Carbon dioxide contained, for example, in exhaust gases can be used similarly for the above purpose. It is best to introduce the gas mixture into the calcium chloride solution under pressure, preferably at a pressure of two or more atmospheres. PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL PL

Claims (1)

1.1.
PL20138A 1930-04-15 A method of producing a fertilizer containing calcium carbonate and ammonium chloride. PL20138B1 (en)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL20138B1 true PL20138B1 (en) 1934-06-30

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