PL198045B1 - Method and device or filling a cavity with slurried explosive - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for filling a cavity with explosive is disclosed, whereby a granular explosive and a pumpable explosive are mixed in a mixing chamber, directly on a filling opening for the cavity, or in the cavity, to give a heavy ANFO explosive. The invention further relates to a filling device for filling a cavity with explosive, comprising a first supply line (2), for a first supply flow of granular explosive, a second supply line (3), for a second supply flow of emulsion and a connector element (1), for connecting to a filling opening of the cavity or for placing in the cavity, for introduction of the first and second supply streams.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for filling a chamber with a mushy or semi-liquid explosive, in particular ANFO heavy explosive, also called Heavy-ANFO explosive.

An ANFO heavy explosive is produced by mixing an emulsion matrix or emulsion explosive with the ANC explosive (also known as saletrol or ANFO type explosive) or ammonium nitrate (AN).

The emulsion explosive and emulsion matrix are based on a water-in-oil emulsion, which is created by emulsifying a highly concentrated solution of nitrate salt with raw materials, based on mineral oils and an emulsifier. The ANC explosive is based on a mixture of combustible material and ammonium nitrate. As a combustible material, mineral oil products are generally used. Other solid oxidizing particles, especially those based on carbon, may also be used. The ammonium nitrate can be granular (lumps) or fine crystalline, the fine crystalline ammonium nitrate as a rule being impregnated to prevent a tendency to sinter. ANC explosive is a granular material, consisting of small particles. The proportions between the ANC explosive and the emulsion are selected according to various criteria. The emulsion and ANC explosive differ greatly in their manufacturing costs, primarily because there are numerous steps involved in producing and processing the emulsion explosive, and the instruments and devices are complex. As the ANC explosive ignites only when dry and is not prone to ignite in a humid atmosphere, the explosive is produced by adding an emulsion which also ignites under wet conditions. As a result, the tightness is greater with emulsion explosives than with ANC. In this case, the emulsion explosive can be introduced into the smallest opening at the same explosion power. This saves drilling costs. As a rule, 20-30% by weight of the emulsion is mixed with 70-80% of the ANC explosive. This produces ANFO heavy explosive as a slightly flowable, sticky and mushy mass. While the emulsion is a pumpable mass, and the particle ANC explosive is granular and can be transported in a gas stream, by mixing it, the ANFO heavy explosive is produced by merely transporting it, for example with a screw conveyor.

ANFO heavy explosives are generally used as an explosive to fill boreholes. These boreholes most often run vertically so that holes drilled into the bursting soil have an inlet at their upper ends through which the borehole can be filled. A vehicle for filling holes with heavy explosive ANFO is known from the state of the art, which has a divided reservoir for ammonium nitrate (AN) and an emulsion matrix during the transport of ammonium nitrate or ANFO transport, an emulsion matrix for ammonium nitrate or into an ammonium nitrate is introduced into the screw conveyor. ANFO. In this case, the screw conveyor is located along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle roof. As a result of mixing, the resulting ANFO heavy explosive in the auger exits an opening at the end of the auger, which in turn is at the end of the vehicle. It is provided that the explosive thus produced falls into the borehole from the bore at the end of the auger.

With this method, the borehole can be filled with a ready-mixed ANFO heavy explosive exiting the auger mouth by means of a short vertical rubber hose.

The disadvantage of this known vehicle is that the vehicle has to drive directly close to the bore so that the generated explosive falls directly from the mouth of the auger into the borehole. Accordingly, the vehicle, when filling a plurality of holes, has to move from hole to hole, which is very time consuming.

The poor flow properties of ANFO heavy explosive additionally result in the material poorly flowing into the borehole and the borehole opening partially clogged. Completely filling the borehole is therefore possible with a slow and time-consuming process.

Due to the tendency to clog the inlet, the transport pipe has to be retracted. In addition, only those boreholes can be filled which have a sufficiently large cross-section, in particular, as is apparent from practice, boreholes whose diameter is greater than 115 mm. In addition, the screw conveyor, provided for the transport of ANFO heavy explosive, has to be intensively looked after and is expensive to produce and operate due to the high energy demand, and is also expensive to operate.

For these reasons, the invention is based on a technical problem to propose a method and a better device for filling a chamber with an explosive.

This technical problem is solved by a method and apparatus as set out in the independent claims. Further advantageous technical solutions are defined in the independent claims. The essence of the invention is that the method of filling the chamber with mushy explosive of the Heavy-ANFO type is that the powdered moist explosive, namely the explosive of the Heavy-ANFO type, is mixed with the pumpable explosive, i.e. the explosive emulsion, in the mixing area immediately next to the filling opening of the chamber to the consistency of a mushy Heavy-ANFO explosive.

Preferably, the powdered moist explosive is transported in the transport stream and the pumpable semi-liquid explosive is introduced into the transport stream of the moistened explosive.

The free-flowing wetted explosive and the pumpable explosive may be transported in separate streams, and there is a difference in velocity between the two transport streams until one transport stream is mixed with the other transport stream.

It is particularly advantageous if the humidified explosive and the pumpable explosive are transported in separate transport streams, and until one transport stream is mixed with the other transport stream, the direction of one transport stream forms an angle α with respect to the direction of the other stream.

The compact transport stream of pumpable explosive can be comminuted.

Preferably, the mixing region remains in the same location or moves with respect to the chamber during filling.

Preferably, the proportion of the mixture of moistened explosive and pumpable explosive varies during filling.

Preferably, the chamber is first filled with a partially mixed mushy explosive consisting of a moistened explosive and a pumpable explosive and then, in the final stage of filling, completely filled with the moistened explosive.

The essence of the invention is also realized by a device for filling the chamber with mushy explosive of the Heavy-ANFO type, which has a first transport line for the first transport stream of moistened explosive, namely Heavy-ANFO type heavy explosive, a second transport pipe for the second transport stream of the explosive a pumpable, namely emulsion explosive, and a connecting element at the filling opening of the chamber for feeding the first and second transport streams together.

Preferably, the second transport line runs at least partially in the first transport line.

It is particularly advantageous for the connecting element to connect the first outlet in the direction of the first transport stream of moistened explosive at the end of the first transport line with the second outlet in the direction of the second transport stream of pumpable explosive explosive at the end of the first transport line. .

The second outlet may have at least one nozzle and the connecting member may have a mixing chamber for guiding the first and second streams together.

Preferably, the second outlet opens into a mixing chamber and the mixing chamber is equipped with a static mixer and / or a dynamic mixer.

A support plate projecting therefrom may be provided around the connection member.

Preferably, the plate includes a support element for supporting the support plate on the surface surrounding the filling opening. The first transport line for the moistened explosive can be connected to the blower and the container for the moistened explosive, and the second

The conveying line for the emulsion can be connected to a pump which can be connected to a mixer for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt.

By the method according to the invention, the significantly increased transport effort of a mixed explosive with poor transport properties can be reduced, due to the fact that the components with good transport properties to be mixed are delivered separated to the actual filling point. The separate transport has the additional advantage that, when mixing, in the case in question, non-explosive components of the explosive are first formed at or in the chamber. As a result, the area in which the explosive is processed is limited. This has an advantage for safety reasons in that accidents, in particular accidental explosions, are avoided during the transport of the ingredients to the chamber to be filled.

Preferably, the humidified ammonium nitrate explosive comprises solid oxidizing particles, mineral oil products, an ANC explosive, or a mixture of the said components. ANC explosive (also called ANFO explosive) is an ANC explosive, pre-defined, based on ammonium nitrate, which is a moist, granular and pumpable material.

Pneumatic transport of this material is possible. ANFO explosives have a density of 0.7 to 0.8. Changing this density is possible conditionally. ANFO explosive does not contain water. The method according to the invention can be applied without exception to the transport of explosives or components of explosives with an air stream, although such materials are not called explosives by those skilled in the art. The solid oxidizing components are, for example, aluminum powder, mixtures containing aluminum powder, ammonium nitrate or wood flour. The mineral oil products can be, for example, oil or diesel fuel. The pumpable explosive consists essentially of an emulsion matrix, emulsion explosive, water gel, moistened explosive or a mixture of the specified components. The emulsion is an emulsion explosive or an emulsion matrix. They are based on water-in-oil emulsions, which are created by emulsifying highly concentrated solutions of nitrate salts with mineral oil. Additionally, additional ingredients, for example aluminum, may be added. These water-in-oil emulsions are converted into a flammable explosive by the fact that gas inclusions are produced in the emulsion or the density of the emulsion matrix is reduced. This in turn can be achieved by chemically inactive additive components, for example microbubbles or components with a porous outer surface such as AN beads or aluminum powder. Gaseous inclusions can also be produced with the aid of chemically active additives, such as chemical gases. This sensitized emulsion matrix is then referred to as an emulsion explosive. Emulsion explosives are liquid and semi-liquid (viscose), pumpable and can be transported non-pneumatically. They have a density of 1.1 to 1.3 and a density change is possible. Emulsion materials are waterproof. The addition of a combustible material or parts of it to produce an explosive with an even balance of acid agents takes place via the emulsion matrix, or by adding the oil to the ammonium nitrate.

The emulsion matrix can be made in-house according to the SMS system, i.e. an on-site mixing system, or factory-made as a ready-made, pumpable emulsion matrix.

Water gels are so-called semi-liquid explosives or explosive slurries, i.e. detonation mixtures of water, oxidizing salts and oxidizing materials ranging from slightly sticky to sticky or granular-mushy form. A mushy explosive is a mixture of moist explosive and pumpable explosive. This type of mushy explosive could be a so-called ANFO heavy explosive. The best selected weight ratio between moistened explosive and pumpable explosive is 10: 90 to 90: 10, whereby each individual application is taken into account when determining the mixture.

In the event that ANC / ANFO explosives and emulsion explosives are mixed together, they can be present in any suitable proportion.By mixing these components in a ratio of 80 to 20, you get a mushy ANFO explosive with a density of 1 kg / l and this explosive. by adding an emulsion, it has a better water-resistance limit in each case.

PL 198 045 B1

A preferred example of a moistened explosive is the ANC explosive described here, also called saletrol. The most preferred example of a pumpable explosive is the emulsion explosive or the emulsion described herein. A region for mixing a moist material, for example ANC explosive with a pumpable explosive, for example an emulsion, is understood to be the place where the ANC explosive and the emulsion first come into contact and mix, thereby creating a heavy ANFO explosive. This mixing area may be part of the device. The mixing region may also be a chamber to be filled. The mixing region may be at the fill opening of the chamber. In the case of a chamber designed as a vertical borehole, a mixed mushy explosive, for example ANFO heavy explosive, flows from this region into the borehole and fills it. In horizontal boreholes, the mixed ANFO heavy explosive is primarily by the impulse that arises when the meeting emulsion and the ANC explosive are mixed, such that substantially along the longitudinal axis direction of the borehole direction of the stream after mixing in the borehole, it is conveyed and filled. By changing the direction of the mixed ANFO heavy explosive stream, for example by rocking the device from which the ANFO heavy explosive exits, it can be well distributed inside the borehole, and in particular in a non-cylindrically formed chamber. Thereby, the mixing region may be at a most distant point, for example at the deepest point of the borehole. From there, the heavy explosive is left over by the incoming explosive decomposed in the chamber.

An explosive charge is introduced into the filling chamber. As a rule, the drill hole is made in the ground. This blast hole is drilled into the ground and has a substantially cylindrical shape. The term soil is understood to mean the surface surrounding the opening. The ground may be nearly vertical, almost horizontal, or run in any particular direction depending on the body in which the chamber is made and the position and direction of the filling opening. The chambers may be existing chambers in the ground, for example slots. The chamber within the meaning of the invention can also be a cartridge or any particular container which is to be filled with an explosive. The chamber filling opening is an opening accessible from the outside through which an explosive can be introduced into the chamber. Each hole has an inlet. For the chambers that exist, this may be an existing opening, or an opening specifically made to enter the chamber. In the case of cartridges or containers, this is usually an opening which is closed after filling and which was provided for the manufacture of the cartridge or the container.

The mixing of the moistened explosive and the pumpable material directly at the opening always takes place when the flow properties of the pulpy explosive produced by mixing appear at the mixing site, so that the explosive can be introduced into the opening without additional transport work. drilling rig. The beginning of mixing can take place outside the opening, as long as complete mixing takes place, leading to poor flow properties of the pulpy explosive, from where it is fed into the chamber and fills it without any additional means of transport.

Due to the transport and loading method according to the invention, the humid explosive and the transportable explosive as well as the mushy explosive have low transport requirements, for example by prior art screw conveyors. In the case of vehicles loading mixtures, ready-made explosive is not desirable and with hole diameters less than 115 cm they can be loaded with a capacity greater than 100 kg / min, most preferably with a capacity greater than 150 kg / min. Moreover, these vehicles may be of lower power and with simple mechanical systems.

For mushy explosive or ANFO heavy explosive, the proportion of moistened explosive is greater than the proportion of pumpable explosive. In this case, the moistened explosive is transported pneumatically, while the pumpable explosive is supplied as a pumped-around material or the like, and a sufficient degree of mixing is achieved when less pumpable explosive by volume is introduced into the larger one. a stream of moistened explosive. At the same time moisturize6

The blown explosive is preferably blown at high speed into the pumpable explosive. The transport flow of the moistened explosive or the ANC explosive is preferably an air or gas flow in which the individual particles of the ANC explosive are fed. The transport stream may also be a sprinkler, for example a stream of material, when pouring ANC explosive from containers into which the pumpable explosive is introduced.

In another technical solution according to the invention, the humidified explosive and the pumpable explosive are fed in separate streams, whereby there is a difference between the velocity of the stream of moistened explosive and the stream of pumpable explosive, or the difference until one stream is mixed with the other stream. is set. For example, with a faster stream of ANC explosive compared to the stream of emulsions, good mixing takes place because the high velocity particles of the ANC explosive, hitting the stream of liquid, break it up. In addition, the resulting turbulence due to the speed difference promotes mixing. The moment of mixing is assumed to be any moment that the particles of the moistened explosive hit the emulsion or the emulsion components. This may be where the ANC explosive and the emulsion collide. However, it can be any other moment when unmixed stream particles collide with each other.

The difference in the velocities of the streams can be achieved by the fact that the mass stream of one transport stream is slower than the other. For example, the emulsion is delivered more slowly than the ANC explosive. The difference can therefore be achieved that one jet will be accelerated by reducing the jet cross section. Also, the difference in the velocities of the jets can be achieved by the fact that the jet is slowed down by the impact by directing it towards a specific object, in particular a plate, for example.

Another slowing down of the flux can be achieved by enlarging the flux cross-section. These possibilities exist for both the ANC explosive stream and emulsions.

In a further technical solution according to the invention, the wetted or the ANC explosive and the emulsion are fed in separate streams, the transport direction of the emulsion being at an angle to the transport direction of the ANC explosive until mixing. These different directions of transport cause the particles of the ANC explosive to hit the emulsion and crush it, which results in good mixing. The direction of the emulsion beam is the direction along which the emulsion or emulsion particles travel shortly before colliding. This could be the direction in which the emulsion flows out of the opening. It can also be the direction of movement of the individual emulsion particles that move in the mixture.

Also, the direction of transport of the ANC explosive stream is the direction in which the ANC explosive particles move shortly before the collision. This may be the actual direction of the transported particles in the gas stream, it may be the direction of the individual particles prior to mixing.

In a further technical solution according to the invention, a compact stream of pumpable explosive or emulsion is separated. By grinding a compact stream, the mixing of the moistened explosive can be intensified when it can penetrate into the intermediate chambers of the split stream and thus be mixed with the emulsion particles with the aid of the emulsion stream.

A solid stream is a stream of material emerging from an opening of the pumpable explosive or emulsion. The solid stream may also be part of the stream of emulsion emerging from the opening, which breaks up into individual streams of material, for example when it hits a wedge-shaped element.

Splitting of a compact stream occurs when the stream splits into a number of small streams that do not come together. This can be done by a nozzle at the end of the pipe or by a transport line through which the stream is divided, for example by means of a spray ball. Further, the compact stream can be split into multiple streams by means of a die plate at the end of the emulsion transport tube. The dense stream can be separated by hitting an object, for example a metal sheet, and thus stay

PL 198 045 B1 separated into separate parts. The compact stream may be split into separate streams by collision with another stream, for example with the ANC stream of explosives.

In one technical embodiment, the mixing region remains at the same location when being filled with respect to the chamber. In this way, the effects of a displacement of the mixing region due to dimensions can be neglected. The way is not complicated by this.

With a constant mixing region with respect to the chamber, the pulpy heavy ANFO explosive is mixed in the same place while being separated in the chamber.

In another technical solution of the invention, the mixing region moves with respect to the chamber during filling. Thus, at the start of filling, the mixing region may be spaced apart from the filling hole, for example at the deepest point of the borehole, and during filling, in particular depending on the progressive filling of the chamber with ANFO heavy explosive, is moved towards the inlet opening. Mixing the emulsion and ANC explosive, due to the production of ANFO heavy explosive with poor flow properties in one place, the heavy explosive does not need to be moved. Problems in the transport of the heavy AN explosive, in particular adhesion to the surface or problems of the high energy input for the transport of difficult-flowing material, do not occur with this solution.

The mixing region is moved with respect to the chamber as the device at the end of which the ANC explosive and the emulsion come out separately at the start of filling, from this end, is delivered to the most remote areas, for example the deepest places. Streams of emulsion and ANC explosive, flowing out of the end of the device, mix and, at this farthest mixing point, transform into a heavy explosive. When the remote site is already filled with heavy explosive, the mixing region moves towards the opening by pulling the filling device out of the chamber. In this way, the mixing region moves to places that are not filled with heavy explosive and the heavy explosive is stacked in layers in the chamber.

Also, the mixing region moves in the chamber when the filling device is at least partially integrated and in the fully or partially mixed ANFO heavy explosive at a remote location at the beginning of filling, and then is pulled out as the filling of the chamber progresses. This is the case when the filling device is telescopic in shape, so that the device protruding from the filling device retracts into the device resting against the walls of the opening.

In a further version of the method, the proportions of the mixture consisting of the emulsion and the ANC explosive are changed during the filling of the chamber. The filling chamber may be restricted by different materials or by layers of material for optimal blasting, and may be filled with different layers of ANFO heavy explosive that is needed for that blast. Also, especially the degree of humidity inside the chamber may vary, such that more emulsion is supplied in the wettest areas to obtain more explosive explosive power. Whereas drier regions can be filled for the most part with ANC explosives, provided sufficient explosive force is obtained. Due to the high stress, during an explosion, at the deepest part of the borehole, it is necessary that at the deepest points of the borehole, the explosive has the highest density in order to obtain adequate power. Whereas, in the upper part of the wall to be demolished, the resistance to the explosion is much lower, and it is therefore economically preferable to fill the chamber with a material that is less powerful or densely dense. For this reason, the most suitable material for laying in the ground is the emulsion explosive, while the ANC / ANFO explosive is most often preferably laid in the upper parts, especially when water is present in the lower areas of the openings.

The weight ratio of the mixture is given by the percentages of each component, i.e. emulsion and ANC explosive, the percentages of which affect the added components. For the conventional ANFO heavy explosive, these proportions are 10-90%, most preferably 20-30%, of an emulsion or emulsion explosive, and 90-10%, most preferably 80-70%, of the ANC explosive.

In a further technical solution of the invention, the chamber is first partially filled with ANFO heavy explosive, which consists of the ANC explosive and an emulsion, and finally filled with the ANC explosive. Such a solution makes it possible to

The deeper parts of the chamber, which are the wetter areas, are filled with ANFO heavy explosive to ensure the ignitability of the explosive. In contrast, the dry, upper areas are filled with the cheaper ANC explosive, which in the drier areas, even without the addition of emulsion, also ignites.

In a further embodiment, it is possible to only partially fill the chamber with the emulsion. This is especially used in the case of wetter regions of the chamber, or in places where a high explosive force is particularly needed, thereby achieving a higher density of the emulsion explosive.

The technical problem described above is solved by a device for filling a chamber with mushy explosive, which has a first conveyor line for directing a first stream of moistened explosive, and a second conveyor line to a second stream for feeding a pumpable explosive and a connecting element. , located at the filling opening of the chamber, or which is introduced through the filling opening of the chamber, which connecting element is needed for the joint feeding of the first and second jets. With the device according to the invention, the pulp-like explosive is supplied by the connecting element in the form of separated components, i.e. ANC explosive and emulsions, which are fed via the first and second conveying lines to the filling opening of the chamber, this material being formed only at the opening for filling the chamber, or it is created in the chamber itself. As a result, a heavy explosive with poor flow properties which is produced by bringing the first and second streams together by mixing the ANC explosive and the emulsion, this material only being formed at the filling opening of the chamber or in the chamber itself. Accordingly, with a filling device of this kind, which has all the necessary components, it is possible to dispense with the transport of ANFO heavy explosive, for example from screw conveyors.

A transport line is a component that can be used to transport materials. The line may be a pipe or a hose or a conduit or any other suitable transportable item. In particular, the pipe material must have sufficiently good transport properties. Especially the transport line for emulsions and for the ANC explosive can be made of plastic. The conveying lines can also be made of metal, in particular aluminum, or of some other suitable material.

The separate transport of the moistened and pumpable explosive or ANC explosive and the emulsion by means of hoses makes the filling device suitable for feeding the explosive into the filling chamber, even from remote positions.

Particularly when filling a large number of boreholes, the filling devices and connecting elements can easily be transferred from one borehole to the other without the need to move vehicles.

The connecting element serves to feed the first and second transport streams together into the filling opening or into the chamber. It leads the first and second transport streams together, so that the ANFO heavy explosive is formed from the ANC explosive and the emulsion only at the filling opening or in the chamber. The connecting element may also be an element through which the two transport streams can be led in one line, the connecting element being used to mix the two streams.

The connecting element can also be any element that connects the two transport lines, and by specifically holding them together, the directions of the transport streams can be mutually aligned when mixed. When the first transport line is guided parallel to the second transport line, it can be seen that when the connecting element connects the ends of the first transport line to the end of the second transport line, one flow is led in the same direction from the ends of both transport streams. By targeting one transport stream, the transport streams meet leading to the mixing of the ANC explosive and the emulsion. Mixing can be promoted by the fact that the ends can be connected to each other in such a way that the transport flows that are present are at an angle to each other. The mixing of the ANC explosive and the emulsion, with this type of filling device design, will take place outside the device, i.e. in the chamber. The connecting element can

It should be merely a straight band which keeps the ends of the transport lines lying next to each other in a parallel connection and ties both of them.

Thus, it connects the connecting element in this embodiment of this filling device into a single stream, the first conveyor line which has an outlet for the ANC explosive, with the second device which has an outlet for the emulsion. The device according to the invention may also be used to supply only the emulsion or ANC explosive into the chamber. Also in the conveying lines for the emulsion and for the ANC explosive, as well as other components, it can be used to have the explosive mixed in the chamber. Thus, for example, aluminum powder may be fed through the first conveyor line to be mixed with the emulsion such that the emulsion can be fed into the chamber via the second conveyor line.

In one embodiment of the invention, the second conveyor line runs at least partially along the first conveyor line. Accordingly, the filling device can be reduced, so that it takes up less space. Thus, a device of the type capable of being inserted into small boreholes, for example into the mouth of a small borehole. With this solution, there is an arrangement such that one transport flow is inside the other transport flow, whereby the two transport flows are preferably mixed. Depending on the pressure that can be regulated by reducing the cross-section of the first conveyor line, the second conveyor line can be made larger by suitably selecting a large diameter conveyor line, whereby the filling device can be located in the second conveyor line. In another embodiment of the invention, the second conveyor line can be coaxially embedded therein via the connecting elements, in particular ribs, at least at the end of the first conveyor line. The connecting element can also be designed as a pipe, so that a second transport line can be inserted at the end of the first conveying line. Preferably the mixing of the first transport stream with the second transport stream will be controlled by the fact that the stream at the end of the first transport line has an outlet in the form of a nozzle. The first transport jet is accelerated through the nozzle. In this way, it can be achieved that the second transport stream, when meeting the first transport stream, has a higher speed than the second, and the resulting speed difference can be increased. This is also an advantage because with increasing velocity difference between the streams, better mixing of the streams takes place, especially due to turbulence and separation of the streams. The nozzle can also be fitted at the end of the second transport stream, whereby separate, partial streams are obtained. The separation of the compact transport stream into individual partial streams, possibly individual parts, has the advantage that the first transport stream can be better mixed in the first transport stream by influencing it. The nozzle is each time a reduction in the cross-section of the transport stream. In addition, it serves to redirect the stream in a different way, to break it up, or to divide it or to partially change the direction of the stream that is fed.

The first transport union, terminated with a nozzle, can also be used to change the speed of the transport stream, to the moistened explosive and to change its direction, or to break or split it. The mixing of the transport streams may take place independently in the chamber, provided, however, that a connecting element is also required for this. The connecting element here has a distal end, which is a mixing chamber, for supplying the first and second streams. The mixing chamber of the connecting element allows mixing conditions to be achieved independently of the chamber to be filled, so that the mixing chamber can be very convenient, in particular for the supply of both transport streams. Depending on the shape of the filling chamber, mixing of the two streams may take place in the chamber. When, for example, the chamber has a very large cross-section in relation to the cross-section of the transport line and the transport flows to be mixed cannot be brought together well together. Particularly in this case, there is the advantage that good mixing of the two streams is achieved by the above-described mixing chamber.

The mixing chamber is the area where the streams meet and mix with each other. The mixing chamber may be a closed space which is provided in the connecting element, also for the supply of moistened, pumpable explosive, it also has an outlet for the mixed materials. The mixing chamber can also be partially in the region of one element where the streams mix with each other.

PL 198 045 B1

The mixing chamber can also be part of a pipe into which the first stream is fed into which the emulsion is fed through a connection.

The mixture of streams must not, on leaving the mixing chamber, be completely closed, so that the streams fed to the mixing chamber in the connecting element are guided together and partially mixed, while complete mixing of the moistened and pumpable explosive into the mushy heavy material explosive ANFO, it takes place only in the chamber. In order to prevent the ANFO explosive from sticking to the walls of the mixing chamber, either wholly or partially, the mixing chamber may be lined with a suitable material that prevents sticking of the ANFO explosive to the walls of the mixing chamber.

A preferred way to prevent ANC explosive sticking to the walls may be to feed the ANC in a stream of gas or air. A simple construction is achieved through the outlet just described which is located in the mixing chamber. In this case, the connecting element may be a simple component inside the chamber, for example a pipe, whereby the second outlet may be, for example, in the form of a lead-in.

A further embodiment of the invention is improved in that the mixing chamber has a static or dynamic mixer, causing the streams to already pre-mix each other, or possibly ANFO heavy explosive, to be mixed, and in this form supplied with energy, changed by changing the direction of the stream. . Thereby, these mixing streams will be in better contact with each other, whereby a better mixing is achieved. A static mixer is an object in the mixing chamber that is in the way of the transport stream. On the side of the mixing chamber, it may be a protruding plate, ball or bar, or a specific element in the flow path. The static mixer can also be an impact plate, so that a transport stream, for example a second transport stream, meets this plate and is divided into partial streams on this plate, possibly divided into parts. A dynamic mixer is a driven element that not only changes the direction of the stream, but also changes the energy of the stream, so that, for example, the streams accelerate in different directions. In a further embodiment of the invention, the filling process can be simplified in that the connecting element has protruding support plates. Particularly when the connecting element is introduced through the filling opening of the chamber, its advantage is that its position is determined by the support plate which is on the surface covering the feeding opening. Furthermore, the user needs a device to assist with the filling process, which is advantageous when filling the chamber. The support plate may be one piece which is suitable for holding the connecting piece in position in the filling opening. When a borehole is made with an entry into the borehole, the support plate is a round plate that abuts against the edge of the filling hole. The support plate can also be a separate piece, for example a stand, that holds the device in the filling opening, so that the support plate can be a tripod.

A particularly advantageous support of the connecting element at the edge of the filling opening is achieved by the fact that the plate has supporting elements, for example supporting feet. The support elements may comprise an opening which is made in the ground, for example, they may be ball-shaped support elements. The connecting element can be easily transferred by the operator from one borehole to the other without the need to move the filling vehicle. In a further embodiment according to the invention, a first conveyor line for a moistened explosive is connected to a blower to which is connected an ammonium nitrate container AN, or a moist explosive or an ANC explosive. Lumps of ammonium nitrate or ANC explosive can be transported as separate explosive particles in the air stream. The blower is a structural element that creates an air stream in which ammonium nitrate or particles of the ANC explosive can be transported. It can be a fan or a pump, but also the outlet of the pressurized container, or a nozzle that accelerates the resulting gas stream. The container for the ANC explosive or the ammonium nitrate pellets can be of any form for the ANC explosive or the ammonium nitrate pellets to be introduced into the air stream. They can also be closed containers, or partially open containers attached to the ground, as well as containers intended for transport, for example the container can be mounted on a vehicle so that lumps of ammonium nitrate or ANC explosive can be transported to the site of the explosion. and through the device to

Filling material may be supplied to the chamber. In the case of an air flow for the transport of moistened explosives, the connecting element is made in such a way that the filling opening of the chamber is not closed, so that a mixed pulp-like heavy ANFO explosive and unused gas can be obtained without further filling the chamber completely with the explosive moreover, it can be a gas closure.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, a second conveyor line for the pumpable explosive or emulsion is connected to a feed pump which is mounted in the mixer for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the liquid nitrate salt solution. The emulsion is a material that can be easily pumped with a feed pump. For safety reasons, it is preferred that the oil-emulsifying mixture and the nitrate salt solution and the resulting emulsion are first mixed with the sensitizing ingredients immediately prior to feeding to the second conveying line. By mixing the components of the oil-emulsifying mixture and the nitrate salt solution, an emulsion matrix is formed which, when mixed with the sealing material, produces an emulsion explosive after the reaction time has elapsed. As a result, inflammable material can be supplied in the second conveying line, and due to the mixing of the components, the combustible emulsion material is only mixed in the chamber, thereby producing the ANC explosive.

The oil-emulsification mixture and the nitrate salt solution are most preferably stored in containers, the containers being either fixed or removable. For example, these containers can be mounted on a vehicle, from where they are transported to the site of the explosion. The explosive, or the emulsion, can be directly mixed in the stored containers or on the transport vehicle, thus the mixing process of the emulsion at the site of the explosion is not required. The device can easily be fixed in such a way that mixing and monitoring elements can also be present there.

The subject matter of the invention is shown in an embodiment in which Fig. 1 shows a section of a first filling device, Fig. 2 shows a section of a second filling device and Fig. 3 shows a section of a first filling device and a vehicle.

In Fig. 1 a first exemplary embodiment of the filling device according to the invention is shown. Shown is a first conveyor line 2, a second conveyor line 3 and a substantially tubular connecting member. The first conveyor line is connected to the connecting element 1 by means of a first connection 10. The second conveyor line 3 is connected to the connecting element 1 by means of a connection 15. The connecting element 1 has a tubular main body 17 which is bent at the connection 10. From the connection 15 runs a transport line 16 to the main body 17, the transport line being at an angle to the main body. At the end of the conveying line 16 there is a nozzle 25. Inside the main body 17, the conveying line 16 is formed as a sleeve 18, which runs at right angles to the direction of the explosive stream ANC at the port 10. In the tubular main body 17, it is provided. there is a mixing chamber 4. In this mixing chamber 4 there is a static mixer 20, in the form of a bar or rods, which from the edge of the mixing chamber 4 are directed inwards. This mixer 20 is optional. The tubular main body 17 has an outlet 5. The first conveying line 2 is connected to a blower and a container for saletrol, also referred to as ANC, not shown in more detail. The second conveyor line 3 also leads to an emulsion mixer, not shown, resulting from the mixing of an oil-emulsifying mixture and an aqueous solution of a nitrate salt. A right-angled protruding support or stop plate 40 is provided around the connection piece 1. The support plate 40 has cone-shaped or ball-shaped support or stop elements.

For filling the chamber, not shown in greater detail, with an explosive, the connecting element 1 with the outlet 5 is used, which is introduced into the opening intended for filling the chamber and is guided as far as the supporting elements 41 of the support plate 40, which is seated on the ground, at the opening intended for the filling of the chamber. filling. In this case, it is secured against shifting by means of support elements which ensure a sufficient distance between the ground and the support plate 40, so that the gas can freely escape therefrom. The emulsion supplied by the conveying line 2 and the emulsion supplied by the second conveying line 3 is fed to the main body 17. In the mixing chamber 4, the main body 17, the emulsion is mixed with the explosive ANC. Through an appropriately positioned muff 18, the ANC explosive meets the emulsion which flows along with the explosive almost

Parallel inside body 17 of mixing chamber 4 vertically downwards. In this case, the sleeve 18 prevents the emulsion from pressing and sticking to the wall of the interior of the main body 17 by the transport flow of the explosive ANC. The emulsion transport stream is conically sprayed through the nozzle 25 such that it is mixed with the explosive transport stream ANC. Mixing is assisted by a mixer 20 which swirls the mixture in the mixing chamber. ANFO heavy explosive consisting of ANC explosive and emulsion exits through outlet 5.

Figure 2 shows, with the same numerals, the same elements of the connection element 1A that is connected to the first transport line via the connection 10 and is connected to the second transport line via the connection 15. At the connection 15, a line 35 ends, which leads through the main body 17 to the outlet 7. The outlet 7 has nozzles 26. The main body 17 has an outlet 6.

For filling a chamber not shown, a connecting piece 1A is seated in the filling opening of the chamber. Via the transport line 2, the explosive ANC is fed to the main body 17 and exits through the outlet 6. Via the transport line 3, the emulsion is fed to the line 35 and from there through the nozzles 26 it is discharged through the outlet 7. The emulsion emerging from the outlet 7 and The ANC explosives escaping from the outlet 6 mix in the chamber, creating an ANFO heavy explosive. The mixing process is assisted by expanding the emulsion transporting stream by means of a nozzle 26.

Figure 3, with the same numerals referring to the same elements, shows a filling vehicle 50 which has a first transport line 2, a second transport line 3 and a connecting element 1. To avoid duplication, only the structure of the vehicle 50 will be described hereinafter.

Vehicle 50 has a predetermined number of containers. These are containers 51 for an oil-emulsifying mixture, a container 52 for an aqueous solution of a nitrate salt, and a container 53 for a combustible material, a container 54 for aluminum powder, and a container 56 for pellets or granules of ammonium nitrate. The worm conveyor 57 leads through the container 56 to the drum-chamber portioning sluice which is connected to the blower tube 59. The blower tube 59 is connected to a flexible air hose 62, the other end of which is connected to a pump 60. In turn, a first conveyor line 2 is attached to the blower. Further, a continuous mixer 61 and a feed pump 60 are mounted on the vehicle 50. through which the second conveyor line 3 is fed to the feed pump 60.

The connecting piece 1 is introduced into the inlet 31 of the borehole 30. For filling the borehole 30 on the vehicle 50, ANC explosive is produced by mixing the combustible material from the container 53 and the ammonium nitrate lumps from the container 56 using the auger 57. The explosive ANC is dispensed. through the drum-chamber lock 58 and is supplied from the feed pump 55 through the blower pipe 59 together with the air stream. The air stream forms the transport stream of the ANC explosive, which is fed through the conveyor line 2 to the connecting piece 1. By mixing the oil-emulsification mixture from the container 51 and the aqueous solution of nitrate salt from the container 54 and the aluminum powder 54 in a continuous flow mixer 61, it produces an emulsion matrix. This emulsion matrix is fed by the pump 60 through the conveying line 3 to the connecting piece 1. In the connecting piece 1, the emulsion and ANC explosive are mixed and a heavy AN explosive is produced, which is fed to the borehole 30 via the outlet 5. the diameter of the main body 17 is so selected that it is smaller than the borehole diameter, so that the gas used to transport the ANC explosive expands and escapes, so that no compressed air spaces are formed in the borehole. With this device, the explosive can be transported to the borehole with an expenditure of 100 to 200 kg / min. In this case, holes with a diameter of only 90 mm can be filled. Due to the fact that the ANFO heavy explosive is only produced in the main body 17 of the connecting element 1, from where it is automatically blown into the borehole, it is possible, using the filling device according to the invention, to dispense with the expensive equipment previously used for transporting ANFO heavy explosive . In addition, holes with small diameters can be filled. The process according to the invention is therefore economical.

Claims (57)

Patent claims 1. Method of filling the chamber with a pulpy explosive of the Heavy-ANFO type, characterized in that the powdered moistened explosive of the Heavy-ANFO type is mixed in the mixing region, located directly at the filling opening of the chamber, with the pumpable explosive, namely explosive emulsion to the consistency of a mushy Heavy-ANFO explosive. 2. The method according to p. The method of claim 1, characterized in that the powdered moist explosive is transported in the transport stream and the pumpable semi-liquid explosive is introduced into the transport flow of the moistened explosive. 3. The method according to p. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the loose blown explosive and the pumpable explosive in separate streams are transported and there is a difference in velocity between the two transport streams until one transport stream is mixed with the other transport stream. 4. The method according to p. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the loose blown explosive and the pumpable explosive are transported in separate transport streams and until one transport stream is mixed with the other transport stream, the direction of one transport stream forms an angle α relative to the direction of the other stream. . 5. The method according to p. 3. The process of claim 3, characterized in that the loose blown explosive and the pumpable explosive are transported in separate transport streams and until one transport stream is mixed with the other transport stream, the direction of one transport stream forms an angle α with respect to the direction of the other stream. 6. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized by. that the compact transport stream of pumpable explosive is comminuted. 7. The method according to p. A process as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the compact transport stream of pumpable explosive is comminuted. 8. The method according to p. A process as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the compact transport stream of pumpable explosive is comminuted. 9. The method according to p. The process of claim 5, characterized in that the compact transport stream of pumpable explosive is comminuted. 10. The method according to p. A process as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the compact transport stream of pumpable explosive is comminuted. 11. The method according to p. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing region remains in the same place with respect to the chamber during filling. 12. The method according to p. The method of claim 3, wherein the mixing region remains at the same location with respect to the chamber during filling. 13. The method according to p. The method of claim 4, wherein the mixing region remains at the same location with respect to the chamber during filling. 14. The method according to p. The method of claim 5, wherein the mixing region remains in the same place with respect to the chamber during filling. 15. The method according to p. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the mixing region remains in the same place with respect to the chamber during filling. 16. The method according to p. The method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing region moves with respect to the chamber during filling. 17. The method according to p. The method of claim 3, wherein the mixing region moves with respect to the chamber during filling. 18. The method according to p. The method of claim 4, wherein the mixing region moves with respect to the chamber during filling. 19. The method according to p. The method of claim 5, characterized in that the mixing region moves with respect to the chamber during filling. 20. The method according to p. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the mixing region moves with respect to the chamber during filling. PL 198 045 B1 21. The method according to p. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mixing ratio of the free-flowing, moistened explosive and the pumpable explosive changes during filling. 22. The method according to Ss. 3 in that they used a mixture of a free flowing blown explosive and a pumpable explosive change during filling. 23. The method according to principles of The process of claim 4, characterized in that the proportions of the mixture of the free-flowing blown explosive and the pumpable explosive change during filling. 24. The method according to principles The process of claim 5, characterized in that the proportions of the mixture of the free-flowing blown explosive and the pumpable explosive change during filling. 25. The method according to principles of A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the mixture of loose blown explosive and pumpable explosive changes during filling. 26. The method according to p. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the chamber is first filled with a partially mixed papery explosive, which is set down according to a loose, moistened explosive and a pumpable explosive, and then, in the final filling phase, filled to the end with a poured wet explosive. 27. The method according to zassrz. A method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the chamber is first filled with partially mixed papular explosive, which is seated according to a loose, moistened explosive and a pumpable explosive, and then, in the final filling phase, filled to the end with powdered moistened explosive. 28. The method according to principles of A method as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the chamber is first filled with partially mixed papular explosive, sitting down according to the loose moistened explosive and the pumpable explosive, and then in the final filling phase, filled to the end with the poured overfilled explosive. 29. The method according to zassrz. A method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the chamber is first filled with a mixed papious explosive composed of a loose, moistened explosive and a pumpable explosive and then filled to the end with the moistened explosive in the final filling phase. 30. The method according to p. 8 or 9, znarnienny tyii, that the iochamber is first filled with partially mixed papular explosive, composed of loose, moistened explosive and pumpable explosive, and then in the final filling phase, filled to the end with sprinkled explosive. 31. A device for filling the iochamber with a papular explosive of the HeavyANFO type, characterized by having a first conveying line (2) for the first conveying stream of a poured wet explosive, namely a heavy-ANFO heavy explosive, a second conveying pipe (3) for the second a transport stream of pumpable explosive, namely emulsion explosive, and at the filling opening of the chamber, a connecting element (1) for feeding the first and second transport streams together. 32. Filling device by mains. 31, characterized in that the second transport line (3) runs at least partially in the first transport line (2). 33. Filling device according to the principles of. 31 or 32, characterized in that the smelting element | (1 connects the first outlet at the end of the first transport stream of moistened explosive at the end of the first conveyor line (2) with a second conveying stream of explosive suitable for pumping at the end of the second transport pipe (3) with the second outlet. 34. Filling device according to the provisions. 33, it is known that the second nozzle has at least one nozzle (25, 26). 35. The device for filling according to the merits. 30, 31 or 34, characterized in that the connecting (1) has a mixing chamber (4) for guiding the first and second streams together. PL 198 045 B1 36. The filling device of claim 36. 3. The connecting member (1) has a mixing chamber (4) for guiding the first and second streams together. 37. The filling device of claim 37. 35, characterized in that the second outlet opens in the mixing chamber (4). 38. The filling device of claim 38. 36, characterized in that the second outlet opens in the mixing chamber (4). 39. The device for filling according to the merits. 35, characterized in that the mixing chamber (4) is equipped with a static mixer (20) and / or with a dynamic mixer. 40. Filling device according to principles. 36, 37 or 38, characterized in that the mixing chamber (4) is equipped with a static mixer (20) and / or with a dynamic mixer. 4). Filling and suction device 31, 32, or 34, or 36, or 37, or 38, or 39, characterized in that a support plate (40) protruding therefrom is provided around the connecting element ()). 42. Filling device according to principles. 33, characterized by the fact that a support plate (40) protruding therefrom is present around the connecting element ()). 43. Filling device according to principles. 35, characterized by. that the Connecting Element ()) has a support plate (40) protruding from it. 44. Filling device according to principles. 40, characterized by. that the connecting element ()) has a support plate (40) protruding therefrom. 45. Filling device according to the provisions. 41, characterized in that the plate (40) has a support (4)) for supporting the support plate (40) on the surface surrounding the filling opening. 46. Filling device according to zassnz 42 or 43 or 44, characterized in that the pya (40) has a support (4)) for supporting the support plate (40) on the surface surrounding the filling opening. 47. Device to be filled according to paragraph. 31, 32, or 34, or 36, or 37, or 38, or 39, characterized in that the first conveyor line (2) for the free-flowing moist explosive is connected to a blower (55) and a container for the loose moistened explosive. 48. Filling device according to principles. 35, characterized by. that the first transport quantity (2) for the powdery moist explosive is connected to the blower (55) and the container for the powdered moist explosive. 49. Filling device according to principles. 40, characterized by. that the first transport quantity (2) for the powdery moist explosive is connected to the blower (55) and the container for the powdered moist explosive. 50. Filling device according to principles. 41, characterized by. that the first transport quantity (2) for the powdery moist explosive is connected to the blower (55) and the container for the powdered moist explosive. 5). Filling device according to 42 or 43 or 44 or 45, characterized in that the first conveyor line (2) for the free-flowing moist explosive is connected to a blower (55) and a container for the free-flowing moist explosive. 52. Filling equipment according to merit. 31 or 32 or 34 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 or 48 or 49 or 50, characterized in that the second conveying line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to to the mixer (6)) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. 53. Filling device according to claim 35, characterized in that the second transport line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (6)) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. . 54. Filling device according to claim 40, characterized in that the second transport line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (6)) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. . 55. Filling device according to claim 41, characterized in that the second transport line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (6)) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. . PL 198 045 Β1 56. The filling device of claim 56. 42, 43, 44 or 45, characterized in that the second conveying line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (61) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. 57. The filling device of claim 1, 46, characterized in that the second conveyor line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (61) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. 58. The filling device of claim 1, 47, characterized in that the second conveyor line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (61) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt. 59. The filling device according to claim 1, 51, characterized in that the second conveyor line (3) for the emulsion is connected to a pump (60) which is connected to the mixer (61) for the oil-emulsifying mixture and the aqueous solution of the nitrate salt.