PH12016000431A1 - Process of producing fish feed formulation utilizing aquatic macrophytes - Google Patents
Process of producing fish feed formulation utilizing aquatic macrophytes Download PDFInfo
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- PH12016000431A1 PH12016000431A1 PH12016000431A PH12016000431A PH12016000431A1 PH 12016000431 A1 PH12016000431 A1 PH 12016000431A1 PH 12016000431 A PH12016000431 A PH 12016000431A PH 12016000431 A PH12016000431 A PH 12016000431A PH 12016000431 A1 PH12016000431 A1 PH 12016000431A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fish
- fern
- seaweed
- crasifolium
- sargassum
- Prior art date
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 240000003826 Eichhornia crassipes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 244000207740 Lemna minor Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000006439 Lemna minor Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 241000195474 Sargassum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 240000000067 Spirodela polyrhiza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000014249 Spirodela polyrhiza Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940099112 cornstarch Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 241000169203 Eichhornia Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 241001660902 Azolla filiculoides Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 8
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 8
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 7
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241001532704 Azolla Species 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101710138460 Leaf protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N all-cis-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009364 mariculture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- UJCHIZDEQZMODR-BYPYZUCNSA-N (2r)-2-acetamido-3-sulfanylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(N)=O UJCHIZDEQZMODR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=NC(Cl)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 OBMBUODDCOAJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001669680 Dormitator maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical class OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209499 Lemna Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000243820 Polychaeta Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001417495 Serranidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209501 Spirodela Species 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-JLNKQSITSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020669 docosahexaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940090949 docosahexaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020673 eicosapentaenoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005135 eicosapentaenoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N eicosapentaenoic acid Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(O)=O JAZBEHYOTPTENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009088 enzymatic function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020774 essential nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009753 muscle formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
A process of producing fish feed comprising the steps of: gathering a plurality of aquatic macrophytes namely: water hyacinth (Eichhomia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azalia filiculoides), and seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium), washing the gathered aquatic macrophytes with fresh water, soaking the washed aquatic macrophytes with fresh water for 24 hours, oven drying aquatic macrophytes at 60-80oC for 1 hour, preparing a plurality of fish by washing said fish with water, boiling at 100oC for 10 minutes and oven drying at 60-80oC for 1 hour, cooling the oven dried aquatic macrophytes and fish at room temperature, pulverizing oven dried and fish using a pulverizer, roasting said pulverized aquatic macrophytes and fish in a pan at 80-100oC for 10-15 minutes, cooling said roasted aquatic macrophytes and fish at room temperature, mixing a cornstarch mixed with water in predetermined ratio and vitamins and minerals premix to said cooled fish feed mixture while mixing constantly, pelletizing said fish feed mixture using a pelletizer, oven drying said pelletized fish feed mixture for at 60-80oC for 1 hour, and packing said fish feed in a container
Description
diets has been reported as 1900 mg/kg. Likewise, the requirement of copper for fish, ~ which varies from 3 to 5mg/kg, is much lower than in the fern Azolla. However, it does Ny not exceed the tolerable limit for fish diets of 150 mg/kg. Mineral concentration should 5 be considered before the inclusion of Azolla into fish diets depending on the fish - species and its particular tolerable limits. h
The present fish feed formulation comprising of 17-24% water hyacinth ~ (Eichhornia crassipes), 15-30% duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), 5-20% fern (azolla i} filiculoides), 17-24 % seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium), 18% (by weight) of fish meal, - 10% (by weight) of cornstarch and 2% (by weight) of vitamins/minerals premix. -
Trials of formulations were initiated to select good combination of feed stuff locally available aquatic macrophytes. The aquatic macrophytes such as water - hyacinth, water fern and duckweed were collected in ponds while seaweed was bought from farmers. Other ingredients in formulating the fish feed include fish meal, cornstarch and vitamin/mineral premix. The formulation of the fish feed was through trial and error to produce a better product in terms of texture and stability.
The following are the steps in making the final formulation of the fish feed: 1. Soaking the collected aquatic macrophytes in 24 hours. 2. Drying the collected aquatic macrophytes until brittle with the use of an oven 3. Boiling the fish meal until cooked and sundried until dry. 4. Pulverizing all the dried ingredients using a puilverizer. 5. Mixing the pulverized ingredients in a pan. 6. Roasting said ingredients in a pan at 80-100 degree Celsius for 10-15 minutes and let cool. 7. Binding the cooled roasted ingredients with cornstarch already mixed with water and vitamins and minerals premix. 8. Pelletizing the formulation using a pelletizer. 9. Drying for 1 hour.
SPECIFICATION L EU:
PROCESS OF PRODUCING FISH FEED UTILIZING AQUATIC MACROPHYTES -
Technical Field: iy
This invention relates to a fish feed utilizing aquatic macrophytes particularly + water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla Bg filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium),and its production process. o
Nutrition and feeding play a central role in sustainable aquaculture and - therefore, feed resources as well as costs continue to dominate aquaculture needs.
Feed accounts for 40-60% of the production costs in aquaculture, with protein sources accounting for a significant proportion of this cost [Fotedar 2004; Bahnasawy 2009].
Protein is main major dietary nutrient affecting performance of fish. It provides the essential and nonessential amino acids which are necessary for muscle formation and enzymatic function and in part provides energy for maintenance [Yang et al. 2002].
With the increasing intensive aquaculture, demand for more efficient dry diets for fish is rising. Feed is the principal operating cost in the production of fish and the main protein source has traditionally been fish meal [Glencross et al. 2007]. It is important to minimize the amount of protein used for energy, because protein is usually the most expensive major constituents in a diet.
Fish feeds formulation is highly dependent on trash fish as one of its ingredients/ components. However, its demand for fish meal and "trash fish" can be seen as increasing fishing pressure on the already over-exploited fish stocks. Over the last decade, the price of "trash fish" has risen considerably and it is predicted to increase over the next few years due to increased demand for fish meal [FAO 2004].
Marine finfish aquaculture in Asia has been developing rapidly at around 10 percent per annum over the last decade and is the fastest growing sub-sector in Asia and in the Philippines. Much of this increasing production is attributable to the expanding culture of high-value marine carnivorous species such as groupers. However, the sector is largely dependent on so-called ‘trash fish’, which is usually the only food source of the cultured stocks [NACA 2009]. The use of fish meal at high levels in fish feeds is not feasible because of its high price and limited supply [Agbo et al. 2011].
The present Philippine government's agriculture thrust is trying to get out from on this fish meal trap, by providing more support and research and development of alternative feed sources for organic aquaculture. The introduction of the mariculture ~ park (MP) concept which is currently being promoted by the Bureau of Fisheries and p .
Aquatic Resources and SEAFDEC as an integrated and sustainable approach to } mariculture has been the government's strategy towards ensuring environment- = friendly aquaculture [Go 2011]. The principles of organic aquaculture encourage the : development of feeds that do not deplete fish stocks. Fish discard and cut-offs may - be potential alternative ingredients, but this conflicts with the environmental co regulations because of the high phosphorus content. Intuitively, partial substitution of - fishmeal and fish oil by sustainable organic plant protein and oil sources seems a good . alternative, since fish feed (including organic) contains more than 60 % fishmeal on a fat-free basis [Jokumsen et al. 2009].
Although aquatic macrophytes are commonly found within the tropics, they have been poorly investigated as alternative or supplemented feed for the majority of native fish. This may be due to the lack of information on their nutritional characteristics, fermentation properties and processing [Cruz et al. 2011]. Due to their abundance, they contribute to eutrophication of water bodies [Xie et al. 2004], thus the need for methods to control them effectively and others to convert them into utilizable resources [Franklin et al. 2008] both in industrial processes and at farm level [Xiao et al 2009; Dordio et al 2010]. Hence it is the object of this invention to develop fish feed formulation using the different aquatic macrophytes.
The present invention discloses a process of producing fish feed utilizing aquatic macrophytes particularly water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium).
Description of the Prior Art
The following related patents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety:
Published Patent US 4069350 A filed July 13, 1976 discloses a method of producing a novel animal feed composition which utilizes water hyacinth meal (leaves and roots) and water hyacinth leaf protein concentrate as its principal ingredients. It is another object of this invention to utilize water hyacinth meal (leaves and roots) and ge water hyacinth ieaf protein concentrate as the main ingredients in the formulation of - the animal feed. It is a further object of this invention to provide an animal feed with . high protein content feed and low fiber content through the addition of the water @ hyacinth leaf protein concentrate. -
Published Patent WO 2004080196 A2 filed March 5, 2004 discloses the use of - macroalgal, microalgal, and fungally-derived materials provide, in combination with higher-plant derived materials, complete feeds for animal husbandry. The products ~~ and methods of the invention provide nutritional feed formulations, that reduce or . eliminate the need for animal-derived materials. The feeds are useful for terrestrial or - aquatic animals, and comprise docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. -
Published Patent CA 2140974 A1 filed January 24, 1995 discloses a method for producing fish feed pellets, wherein the feed raw materials are mixed together; the resulting mixture is pressed through a perforated die in the form of a continuous string, and from said string pieces having a desired length are cut, and the pieces thus obtained are further processed in order to obtain a pelleted fish feed product, whereby the feed raw material mixture is shaped into a continuous string having a cross-section of substantially elongated shape, as well as a fish feed pellet, and an apparatus for carrying out the method and producing the fish feed pellet.
Published US Patent 20060003049 A1 describes a method a fish feed comprising a plurality of pellets or particles, each pellet or particle having, as its principal component, a fresh cultured polychete product, together with at least one other naturally-occurring or organic material, so as to provide a composite diet comprising a balance of various nutrients as required by the aquatic creature for whom . the feed is intended.
Brief Descriptions of the Drawing
Figure 1 shows the process flow of the present invention.
The present invention relates to a process of producing fish feed utilizing aquatic macrophytes particularly water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium), fish meal, cornstarch and vitamins/minerals premix.
The feed formulation is a process in which feed ingredients and various vitamins and minerals supplements are blended to produce a diet with the required quantities of essential nutrients. Fish requires protein (amino acids), lipids (fatty acids), ~ vitamins, minerals, and energy sources (carbohydrates). Good nutrition is essential to - produce a quality product. Ideally, the diets should reflect the nutrients requirements - of the animal to be fed. The biologically available nutrients profile should approximately ~~. the dietary needs of the fish cultured. }
The nutritional value of water hyacinth has been exhaustively studied The : results of proximate analysis of WHL in dry matter (DM) basis are as follows: 6.31% crude protein (CP), 26.61% CF, 2.83% extract ether (EE), 16.12% ash and 48.18% nitrogen free extract (NFE); while the fiber composition are 49.30% neutral detergent - fiber (NDF), 28.16% acid detergent fiber (ADF), 21.14% hemicellulose, 24.61% cellulose and 3.35% lignin [Mahmilia 2005].
The proximate analysis shows that the moisture content of water hyacinth ranged from 92.13% in the roots to 85.15% in the leaves. The ash content ranged from 39.80% in the roots to 16.79% in the leaves. For the crude lipids, the least value of 1.2% came from the roots while the petioles had the highest value of 2.10%. The percentage crude fiber ranged from 12.15 in the roots to 21.97% in the whole plant.
The percentage crude protein ranged from 7.11 in the petioles through 7.67 in the whole plant to 15.27% in the leaves. The leaves therefore had almost twice the values obtained for the other parts of the plant.
Aquatic macrophytes are rich in minerals, exceeding the fish requirements but not the critical values for fish. Mineral composition of the raw aquatic macrophytes revealed a comparable content among plants, except for Azolla. Concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were similar in all the plants. Calcium and potassium were - the most abundant minerals tested. Phosphorus content in Lemna and Spirodela ranged within the requirements for common fin fish, whereas the Ca:P ratio was higher than the fish requirements. The reduction of calcium in the mineral mixture used in formulated diets must be considered. Azolla showed the highest amount of zinc (161 mg/kg), copper (14.8mg/kg) and chromium (18.2mg/kg).
Although the requirement of zinc for the majority of fish is much lower, varying from 15 to 30 mg/kg, higher levels of supplemental zinc are frequently included in the practical diets to compensate the reduced zinc bioavailability caused by other dietary factors such as phytates. In some fish species (trout and carp) the tolerable limit of zinc in
Claims (1)
1. A process of producing fish feed comprising the steps of: Co i -
a. gathering a plurality of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duck eed’ o (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), and seaweed - (Sargassum crasifolium),
b. washing the gathered water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), and seaweed - (Sargassum crasifolium) with fresh water, = c. soaking the washed water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), and seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium) with fresh water for 24 hours, rE d. oven drying the soaked water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), and seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium) at 60-80°C for 1 hour.
e. preparing a plurality of fish by washing said fish with water, boiling at 100°C for 10 minutes and oven drying at 60-80°C for 1 hour.
f. cooling the oven dried water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium) and fish at room temperature,
g. pulverizing the oven dried water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium) and fish using a pulverizer,
h. roasting said pulverized water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium) and fish in a pan at 80-100°C for 10-15 minutes,
i. cooling the roasted water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza), fern (azolla filiculoides), seaweed (Sargassum crasifolium) and fish at room temperature,
j. mixing a cornstarch mixed with water in predetermined ratio and vitamins and minerals premix to said cooled fish feed mixture while mixing constantly,
k. pelletizing said fish feed mixture using a pelletizer,
I. oven drying said pelletized fish feed mixture for at 60-80°C for 1 hour,
m. packing said fish feed in a container
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PH12016000431A PH12016000431A1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2016-11-28 | Process of producing fish feed formulation utilizing aquatic macrophytes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PH12016000431A PH12016000431A1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2016-11-28 | Process of producing fish feed formulation utilizing aquatic macrophytes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PH12016000431A1 true PH12016000431A1 (en) | 2018-06-04 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PH12016000431A PH12016000431A1 (en) | 2016-11-28 | 2016-11-28 | Process of producing fish feed formulation utilizing aquatic macrophytes |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| PH (1) | PH12016000431A1 (en) |
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2016
- 2016-11-28 PH PH12016000431A patent/PH12016000431A1/en unknown
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