OA19879A - Controlling the rheology of a metal ore residue. - Google Patents
Controlling the rheology of a metal ore residue. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA19879A OA19879A OA1202000418 OA19879A OA 19879 A OA19879 A OA 19879A OA 1202000418 OA1202000418 OA 1202000418 OA 19879 A OA19879 A OA 19879A
- Authority
- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- métal
- chosen
- polymer
- aqueous
- ore residue
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001451 Polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 2-sulphoethyl méthacrylate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002572 peristaltic Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene (PE) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atoms Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DOEXKUOGPAEBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl N-(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)C(C)=C DOEXKUOGPAEBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IPZIVCLZBFDXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl N-prop-2-enoylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC(=O)C=C IPZIVCLZBFDXTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoprene Chemical group CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004815 dispersion polymerization Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTXVDAJGIYOHFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tetradecyloctadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC RTXVDAJGIYOHFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 7681-57-4 Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Incidol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004164 analytical calibration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- BHBPJIPGXGQMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OCCO.CC(=C)C(O)=O.CC(=C)C(O)=O BHBPJIPGXGQMTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl amine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004296 sodium metabisulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous metal ore residue into which there is introduced a polymer (P) having a molecular weight Mw measured by GPC of from 100.000 to 3.106 g/mol and prepared by free radical polymerization of at least one anionic monomer (M). The invention also relates to the suspension produced, the Brookfield viscosity of which is greater than 2000 mPa.s or the flow threshold of which is greater than 40 Pa.
Description
CONTROLLING THE RHEOLOGY OF A METAL ORE RESIDUE
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an 5 aqueous métal ore residue into which is introduced a polymer (P) with a molecular mass
Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 100,000 to 3.106 g/mol and prepared by radical polymérisation of at least one anionic monomer (M). The invention also relates to the suspension produced whose Brookfield viscosity is greater than 2,000 mPa.s or whose flow threshold is greater than 40 Pa.
.
The method according to the invention is usèd in a mining process involving at least one minerai deposit. These mining methods generally make it possible to obtain at least one useable métal from a métal ore. The métal ore also comprises a residue of this métal ore. The mining methods are usually implemented using water as a medium for processing or 15 conveying the dry solids content. Therefore, the métal ore residue is usually an aqueous métal ore residue. It can also be a sludge of métal ore residue. It can also be a muddy residue of ore.
According to the invention, the aqueous métal ore residue thus results from at least one 20 step in which the useable métal or a dérivative of the useable métal is separated from a métal ore, in particular a métal ore produced by mining extraction.
According to the invention, the fraction of the useable métal ore is a métal or several metals or a dérivative of a métal or a dérivative of several metals.
When using the method of préparation according to the invention, an essential step consists of adding at least one polymer (P) to,:an aqueous métal ore residue. This step therefore relates to the processing of a métal ore residue. It does not relate to the processing of the useable métal ore. This step is therefore generally used in a mining 30 method comprising various steps for processing the métal ore and various steps for • processing the métal ore residue. ·
Typically, mining methods comprise several steps for processing the métal ore, several steps for processing the useable métal or for processing the dérivative of the useable métal, as well as several steps for processing the métal ore residue.
A mining method typically comprises one or more of the following steps:
- crushing the métal ore,
- grinding the métal ore, in particular dry grinding or wet grinding, usually in water,
- separating, in particular by flotation, the useable métal or a dérivative of the useable métal and the métal ore residue, particularly the aqueous residue,
- purifying or enriching the useable métal or a dérivative of the useable métal, in particular by flotation,
- concentrating the métal ore residue, for example by filtration, by settling, by gravitation, by using a thickener, by flocculation,
- partially separating the aqueous métal ore residue and part of the water,
- conveying the aqueous métal ore residue,
- storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
There are known methods for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue, particularly the methods used to process, convey or store such a residue.
Document EP 1976613 relates to the concentration of an aqueous suspension of solid particles by adding an organic flocculant polymer and an agent chosen in the group comprising radical agents, oxidising agents, enzymes and radiation.
Document WO 00-43317 discloses the use of a viscosity-modifying compound in a sludge thickener during which this compound is incorporated into a thickener in a spécifie way.
Document WO 2017-097799 discloses a method for processing an aqueous effluent resulting from oil sands mining operations that comprises the addition of a sulphonated dispersing agent and then the addition of a flocculating agent.
Document GB 1414964 relates to a method for deflocculating a particulate material that consists of adding a copolymer or a water-soluble dérivative of a vinyl copolymer to a grout of the particulate material.
To facilitate their handling, the known suspensions typically hâve a lower solids content.
In fact, adding water may help to lower the viscosity or the flow threshold of these suspensions.
However, adding water leads to problems with water consumption, energy consumption or even problems with organising and storing the aqueous métal ore residues.
It is therefore important to hâve methods for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue having a high dry solids content.
It is also important to hâve such methods that make it possible to préparé stable suspensions, in particular at high dry solids contents. Likewise, it is important to hâve such methods which make it possible to préparé suspensions that are stable and in which the particles of dry solids content hâve a particle size distribution that is relatively coarse or is not very uniform.
It is important to be able to control the viscosity of aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from a mining dérivative, in particular to make it easier to pump, stir or convey them.
Controlling the viscosity of aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from a mining dérivative is therefore essential, especially for their storage. In fact, the conditions for storing sludges or aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from a mining dérivative can be influenced by many factors, both physical and Chemical.
Therefore, concentration, rheological behaviour and in particular viscosity, flow threshold, slope angle, must be controllable.
If these parameters are not sufficiently controlled, storage in ponds may be disrupted and these ponds may présent uncontrolled flow hazards. It is therefore necessary to be able to thicken aqueous ore residues, in particular at a thickener outlet, while controlling their rheology. These residues can then be stored more efficiently and safely in ponds, in particular by stacking up successive layers of thickened residue. Stacking residue up in successive layers with an appropriate slope makes it possible to increase the useful life of the storage ponds which usually hâve limited surface areas.
Moreover, compatibility with the various constituents of aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from an aqueous métal ore residue is also an important property to look for, in particular compatibility with a flocculation agent that can be used to process the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular compatibility with a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative.
It is also important to be able to control the behaviour of the aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from an aqueous métal ore residue in order to avoid problems with the processing, storage or conveying equipment. Indeed, this equipment can be damaged, jammed or clogged if there is a drift in or lack of control of the viscosity or of the flow threshold of a minerai suspension prepared from an aqueous métal ore residue.
It is also important to hâve methods for controlling the viscosity of the aqueous minerai suspensions in which this control is achieved by action on the aqueous phase without significantly altering or disturbing the flocculation of the minerai particles.
There is therefore a need for improved methods for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue.
The method according to the invention provides a solution to ail or part of the problems with the methods used in the prior art to préparé an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue.
Thus, the invention provides a method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
• a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s;
• a flow threshold measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa; and • a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa;
comprising the addition, in an aqueous métal ore residue, of at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 100,000 to 3.106 g/mol and prepared by at least one radical polymérisation reaction at a température greater than 50°C, and chosen among:
• a polymer (PI) prepared in direct émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group;
(b) at least one ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fe111, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof;
• a polymer (P2) prepared in reverse émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts;
(c) at least one compound chosen among acrylamide, an acrylamide dérivative, a sait of an acrylamide dérivative and combinations thereof;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to control the essential properties of the aqueous suspension prepared. This method makes it possible to control both the Brookfield viscosity and the flow threshold of the prepared suspension.
According to the invention, the Brookfield viscosity is measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, for example using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer. The Brookfield viscosity of the prepared suspension is greater than 2,000 mPa.s. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a viscosity greater than 2,500 mPa.s, more preferentially greater than 3,000 mPa.s or greater than 4,000 mPa.s. Also preferably according to the invention, the viscosity of the prepared suspension is less than
10,000 mPa.s, more preferentially less than 8,000 mPa.s or less than 7,000 mPa.s.
Also preferably according to the invention, the viscosity of the prepared suspension ranges from 1,800 mPa.s to 10,000, 8,000 or 7,000 mPa.s or from 2,000 mPa.s to 10,000, 8,000 or 7,000 mPa.s or from 2,500 mPa.s to 10,000, 8,000 or 7,000 mPa.s or even from 3,000 mPa.s to 10,000, 8,000 or 7,000 mPa.s or even from 4,000 mPa.s to 10 000, 8 000 or 7 000 mPa.s..
Particularly advantageously, the method according to the invention makes it possible to control, in particular to increase, the flow threshold of the aqueous métal ore residue relative to the flow threshold of the aqueous métal ore residue that does not comprise any polymer (P).
According to the invention, the flow threshold, which characterises the flow résistance, is measured on a sample of an aqueous minerai suspension, particularly of an aqueous métal ore residue. The flow threshold is the shearing that must be applied to a suspension to cause it to flow. If the shearing is insufficient, the suspension deforms elastically whereas if the shearing is sufficient, the suspension can flow like a liquid.
According to the invention, the flow threshold expressed in Pascals (Pa) is measured at a température of 25°C using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a suitable spindle with blades. Without destroying the underlying structure, the bladed spindle is immersed into the material up to the first immersion mark. After a five-minute wait time, the measure is taken without pre-shearing at a speed of 0.5 rpm. This relatively low speed is preferred so as to minimise the inertia effect of the bladed spindle. The variation in torsional loading measured by the instrument in order to maintain a spin speed of 0.5 rpm is tracked over time. The value of the flow limit or flow threshold of the aqueous residue is indicated by the instrument when this variation is zéro.
According to the invention, the flow threshold is measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading. The flow threshold of the prepared suspension is greater than 40 Pa.
Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a flow threshold greater than 80 Pa or greater than 100 Pa, preferably greater than 150 Pa or greater than 200 Pa or greater than 300 Pa.
Also preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a flow threshold of less than 700 Pa or less than 500 Pa, preferably less than 450 Pa or less than 400 Pa.
Also preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a flow threshold greater than 80 Pa or greater than 100 Pa, preferably greater than 150 Pa or greater than 200 Pa or greater than 300 Pa, and less than 700 Pa or less than 500 Pa, preferably less than 450 Pa or less than 400 Pa.
More particularly, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a flow threshold ranging from 40 Pa to 700, 500, 450 or 400 Pa or from 80 Pa to 700, 500, 450 or 400 Pa or from 100 Pa to 700, 500, 450 or 400 Pa or from 150 Pa to 700, 500, 450 or 400 Pa or even from 200 Pa to 700, 500, 450 or 400 Pa or from 300 Pa to 700, 500,450 or 400 Pa.
The method according to the invention makes it possible to control the rheology of the prepared suspension for a dry solids content greater than 40% by weight of the suspension. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension having a dry solids content greater than 50% by weight or 55% by weight. More preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension having a dry solids content greater than 60% by weight or greater than 65% by weight. Much more preferentially, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension having a dry solids content greater than 70% by weight or greater than 75% by weight.
According to the invention, the amount of polymer (P) used may vary quite widely.
Preferably according to the invention, the prepared suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 1.8% or from 0.01 to 1.5% of polymer (P) (dry/dry relative to the ore residue). More preferentially, the prepared suspension comprises from 0.01 to
1.2% or from 0.01 to 1% or from 0.02 to 0.8% or from 0.03 to 0.5% or from 0.04 to 0.25% or from 0.04 to 0.15% by weight of polymer (P) (dry/dry relative to the ore residue).
The method according to the invention may use one or more polymers (P). Preferably, the suspension prepared thus comprises one, two or three different polymers (P). The method according to the invention may also comprise the further addition of at least one compound chosen among a thickening polymer dérivative of natural or synthetic, minerai or organic origin (alginates, guar gum, xanthan gum, modified cellulose dérivatives, unmodified cellulose dérivatives, starches, modified starches), of minerai origin (bentonite, laponite, clays), an unmodified polysaccharide and a polysaccharide.
The method according to the invention comprises the addition of at least one polymer (P) to an aqueous minerai ore residue. Preferably, the métal ore is not an aluminium ore. Also preferably according to the invention, the métal ore is chosen among lithium, strontium, lanthanide, actinide, uranium, rare earth, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganèse, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, tin and lead ores. More preferably according to the invention, the métal ore is chosen among uranium, molybdenum, manganèse, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver and gold ores. Much more preferably, it is a copper ore. It can also be a dérivative of several useable metals comprising copper, zinc and cobalt.
According to the invention, the métal ore comprises at least one useable métal or at least one useable métal dérivative obtained by separating ail or part of the residue from the métal ore. Preferably according to the invention, the métal ore comprises a métal oxide, a métal sulphide or a métal carbonate.
According to the invention, the métal ore residue may comprise a certain residual amount of métal. Particularly, the métal ore residue may comprise a residual amount of métal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) relative to the amount of métal ore residue. This amount of métal in the métal ore residue can typically range from 10 to 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) or from 10 to 1,000 g per tonne (dry/dry), relative to the amount of métal ore residue.
When using the method according to the invention, the polymer (P) can be added during one or several steps in the mining process, in particular during one or several of the métal ore residue processing steps such as pumping, flocculating, concentrating, conveying or storing the métal ore residue, particularly the aqueous métal ore residue.
According to the invention, during a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue according to the invention, the concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue is significantly increased. Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue is increased from 10 to 40% by weight or from 20 to 40% by weight or from 10 to 50% by weight or from 20 to 50% by weight. Also preferably, the concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue is increased from 10 to 70% by weight or from 20 to 70% by weight or from 10 to 60% by weight or from 20 to 60% by weight.
Preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifiigal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a water pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump;
or
- during a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a centrifiigal pump or a positive displacement pump; or
- after a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a centrifiigal pump or a positive displacement pump; or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using at least one device chosen among a thickener, a high-density thickener or by densimetric concentration or by gravimétrie concentration; or
- before a step of conveying the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline;
- before a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue;
- during a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
More preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump; or
- after a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump; or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using at least one device chosen among a thickener, a high-density thickener or by densimetric concentration or by gravimétrie concentration; or
- before a step of conveying the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using a closed pipe or a pipeline;
- before a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
Preferably, the polymer (P) used according to the invention has a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 200,000 g/mol to 2.5.106 g/mol, more preferentially ranging from 250,000 g/mol to 2.2.106 g/mol or from 400,000 g/mol to 2.2.106 g/mol. The polymer (P) used according to the invention is therefore not a flocculating agent.
According to the invention, the molecular mass Mw of the copolymers is determined by Gel Perméation Chromatography (GPC). This technique uses a Waters liquid chromatography apparatus equipped with a Waters refractive index detector. This liquid chromatography apparatus is equipped with a size exclusion column in order to separate the various molecular weights of the copolymers studied: - Waters 515 isocratic pump, - Waters 717 Plus automatic sampler,
- oven for 4 columns, température controlled by the Waters 2414 RI (refractive index) detector,
- protection column: Agilent PLgel, 20 pm, MiniMIX-A, 50 mm long and 4.6 mm in internai diameter,
- analytical columns: a 20 pm Agilent PLgel, MiniMIX-A, 250 mm long and 4.6 mm in diameter, and a 10 pm Agilent PLgel, MiniMIX-B, 250 mm long and 4.6 mm in internai diameter,
- computer and ConSenxus hs NTeqGPC software V 5.1.5,
- 0.2 pm porosity syringe filters.
The analytical products used are tetrahydrofuran for HPLC and a set of poly(methyl méthacrylate) standards supplied by Agilent (Polymer Lab), EasiVial PMMA (4 mL), part number PL2020-0200, molecular weight range: 500 to 1.5.106 g/mol (Mpeak).
The analysis parameters are:
/ mobile phase: inhibitor-free tetrahydrofuran (HPLC grade), / standby flow rate of 0.1 mL/min and in-analysis flow of 0.3 mL/min, / 35°C oven column températures and 35°C internai température for the RI detector, 4/5 mg/mL of pre-injection samples of polymer solid in mobile phase, 5/100 pL injection volume per loop per autosampler, 6/30 min analysis time, / calibration according to steps:
- analysis of the standard set,
- internai standard correction (négative water peak) and Vp measure for each analysis, (Vp = peak rétention volume),
- calculation of the narrow reference calibration curve (molecular weight Mw relative to the rétention volume), with choice of best fitting curve.
The method according to the invention uses at least one particular polymer (P), in particular a polymer (Pl) or polymer (P2), prepared by radical polymérisation reaction at a température ranging from 50°C to 98°C, preferably from 50°C to 95°C or from 50°C to 85°C. A higher température, particularly above 100°C, may be used by adjusting the pressure of the reaction medium to prevent évaporation.
Preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) can be prepared by at least one radical émulsion polymérisation reaction or by at least one radical reverse émulsion polymérisation reaction. During the radical polymérisation reaction, one or more surfaceactive compounds may be used, especially one or more non-ionic surface-active compounds.
According to the invention, the polymer (Pl) is prepared in direct émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group;
(b) at least one ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fem, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, this polymérisation reaction does not use benzoyl peroxide.
Preferably according to the invention, the polymer (Pl) is prepared in water, alone or in combination with an organic solvent. More preferably according to the invention, the polymer (Pl) is prepared in water alone.
According to the invention, the polymer (P2) is prepared in reverse émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts;
(c) at least one compound chosen among acrylamide, an acrylamide dérivative, a sait of an acrylamide dérivative and combinations thereof;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
Preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P2) is prepared in an organic solvent, preferably in a hydrocarbon solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon petroleum fraction.
Advantageously according to the invention, the polymer (P2) is completely or partially neutralised, in particular at the end of the polymérisation reaction.
The polymer (P2) according to the invention can be neutralised, in particular during the polymérisation reaction or at the end of the polymérisation reaction. The polymer according to the invention can be completely or partially neutralised. According to the invention, the neutralisation of the polymer is carried out by neutralising or salifying ail or part of the carboxylic acid groups présent in the polymer.
Preferably, this neutralisation is carried out using a base, for example using a dérivative of an alkaline métal or a dérivative of an alkaline-earth métal. The preferred bases are chosen among NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, monoisopropylamine, triethanolamine, triisopropylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP), triethylamine, diethylamine, monoethylamine. Particularly preferably, neutralisation is carried out using NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, alone or in combination.
According to the invention, the polymérisation reaction uses at least one anionic monomer (a) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts. Preferably, the anionic monomer (a) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation comprises one or two carboxylic acid groups, particularly a single carboxylic acid group. More preferentially, it is chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid sait, a methacrylic acid sait and mixtures thereof, much more preferentially acrylic acid.
When preparing polymer (PI), the preferred monomer (a) is methacrylic acid. When preparing polymer (P2), the preferred monomer (a) is acrylic acid.
In addition to monomers (a) and (b) or (c), the polymer préparation reaction (P) can also use one or several other monomers. Preferably, the polymérisation reaction can then also use at least one monomer chosen among:
(d) at least one compound chosen among 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl méthacrylate, sodium methallyl sulphonate, styrene sulphonate, their salts and combinations thereof or (e) at least one compound of formula (I):
Rl-(EO)m-(PO)n-R.2 (I) wherein:
- m and n, identical or different, independently represent 0 or an integer or décimal less than 150, m or n is different from 0,
- EO represents a CH2CH2O group,
- PO independently represents a group chosen among CH(CH3)CH2O and CH2CH(CH3)O,
- R1 represents a group comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation, preferably a group selected among acrylate, méthacrylate, acryl urethane, methacryl urethane, vinyl, allyl, methallyl and isoprenyl, more preferentially a méthacrylate group,
- R2 represents a straight, branched or cyclical, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon group comprising from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably a straight or branched C6-C40 alkyl group, preferably a straight or branched C8-C30 alkyl group, a C6-C40 aryl group, preferably a C8-C30 aryl group such as a tristyryl phenyl group; or (f) at least one monomer selected among:
- polyalkylene glycol acrylate, preferably polyethylene glycol acrylate or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol acrylate,
- polyalkylene glycol méthacrylate, preferably polyethylene glycol méthacrylate or polyethylene polypropylene glycol méthacrylate,
- allyl polyalkylene glycol, preferably allyl polyethylene glycol or allyl polyethylene-polypropylene glycol,
- methallyl polyalkylene glycol, preferably methallyl polyethylene glycol or methallyl polyethylene polypropylene glycol,
- 3-methyl-3-buten-l-ylpolyalkylene glycol, preferably 3-methyl-3-buten-lylpolyethylene glycol or 3-methyl-3-buten-l-ylpolyethylene polypropylene glycol; or (g) at least one cross-linking monomer or at least one monomer comprising at least two olefinic unsaturations.
Preferably, the polymer (P) used according to the invention is a non-sulphonated polymer.
The method of préparation according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension of aqueous métal ore residue comprising at least one polymer (P) that has particularly advantageous properties, in particular rheological properties that are particularly advantageous.
Thus, the invention also provides an aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
• a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s;
• a flow threshold measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa; and • a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25 °C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa;
comprising an aqueous métal ore residue and at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 100,000 to 3.106 g/mol and prepared by at least one radical polymérisation reaction at a température greater than 50°C, and chosen among:
• a polymer (Pl) prepared in direct émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group;
(b) at least one ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fe111, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof;
• a polymer (P2) prepared in reverse émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts;
(c) at least one compound chosen among acrylamide, an acrylamide dérivative, a sait of an acrylamide dérivative and combinations thereof;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fe111, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
The particular, advantageous or preferred characteristics of the method according to the invention define suspensions according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
The following examples illustrate the various aspects of the invention.
The polymers used in the method according to the invention are prepared.
Polymer (PIA) is prepared by placing 420 g of deionised water and 2.15 g of sodium dodecyl sulphate into a one-litre glass reactor with mechanical stirring and oil bath heating.
In a 600 mL beaker with a dosing pump and magnetic stirring, a pre-emulsion is prepared comprising:
- 205 g of deionised water,
- 1.85 g of sodium dodecyl sulphate,
- 164 g of ethyl acrylate,
- 132 g of methacrylic acid,
- 6 g of divinyl benzene,
- 4.8 g ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
0.26 g of ammonium persulphate dissolved in 5 mL of deionised water is weighed into a 10 mL beaker, as initiator 1.
0.2 g of ammonium persulphate diluted in 20 g of water is weighed into a 20 mL test tube fitted with a dosing pump, as initiator 2.
The reactor is heated to 85°C and initiator 1 is injected. Then, over 2.5 hours, the preemulsion is injected into the reactor which is kept at 85°C. Initiator 2 is injected in parallel into the reactor during the polymérisation step and concomitantly with the addition of the pre-emulsion.
Heating is continued for 1 hour at 85°C. Then, the reaction medium is treated while warm for 30 minutes with a solution of 0.3 g of persulphate in 10 g of water.
Lastly, the pumps are rinsed with water.
The medium is heated again for 60 min at 80°C.
A polymer dispersion (P1A) is obtained with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, of
2.106 g/mol at 30% by weight of solids content and a pH of 2.8.
Polymer (PIB) is prepared by placing 420 g of deionised water and 4.1 g of sodium dodecyl sulphate into a one-litre glass reactor with mechanical stirring and oil bath heating.
In a 600 mL beaker with a dosing pump and magnetic stirring, a pre-emulsion is prepared comprising:
- 170 g of deionised water,
- 2 g of sodium dodecyl sulphate,
- 159 g of ethyl acrylate,
- 107 g of methacrylic acid,
- 19 g of 2-tetradecyl octadecanol méthacrylate oxyethylated 25 times.
0.9 g of ammonium persulphate dissolved in 5 mL of deionised water is weighed into a 10 mL beaker, as initiator 1.
0.09 g of sodium metabisulphite in 5 g of water is weighed into a 20 mL test tube fitted with a dosing pump, as initiator 2.
The reactor is heated to 75°C and initiator 1 and initiator 2 are injected. Then, over 2 hours, the pre-emulsion is injected into the reactor which is kept at 75°C.
Heating is continued for 1 hour at 85°C. Then, the reaction medium is treated while warm for 30 minutes with a solution of 0.3 g of persulphate in 10 g of water.
Lastly, the pumps are rinsed with water.
The medium is heated again for 60 min at 80°C.
A polymer dispersion (PIB) is obtained with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, of 500,000 g/mol at 30% by weight of solids content and a pH of 3.0.
The raw material used for this sériés of tests is an aqueous métal ore residue from a
Chilean copper mine located in the north of the country. This is waste resulting from the séparation of the ore containing the useable métal from the rock extracted from the mine.
This aqueous copper ore residue is in the form of a water-based suspension.
The samples used for these tests were collected at the outlet of a conventional thickener used to concentrate the aqueous métal ore residue before it is deposited in a storage pond. The first sample is taken just after a peristaltic pump, the second sample after a centrifiigal pump.
Various measurements were taken beforehand on the aqueous residue in the absence of the polymer according to the invention:
- particle size distribution using a Mastersizer 2000 laser granulometer (Malvem),
- solid content using a Mettler-Toledo dry balance,
- Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm using a Brookfield DV3T viscometer with a suitable spindle,
- flow limit value using a Brookfield DV3T viscosity meter with a bladed spindle.
The particle size distribution by volume shows the presence of multiple particle populations with different sizes:
- point (A) at the peristaltic pump outlet located after a conventional thickener in the copper ore residue processing facility: D(0.1) = 1.2 pm, D(0.5) = 22.1 pm, D(0.9) = 139 pm,
- point (B) at the centrifiigal pump outlet located after a conventional thickener in the copper ore residue processing facility: D(0.1) =1.1 pm, D(0.5) = 22.3 pm, D(0.9) = 147 pm.
The other characteristics of the polymer-free copper ore residue are shown in Table 1.
| Point (A) | Point (B) | |
| % Solids content | 62.8 | 60.4 |
| pH | 8.3 | 8.3 |
| Conductivity in pS/cm | 1,630 | 1,729 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm, in mPa.s | 925 | 560 |
| Flow limit in Pa | 25 | 13 |
Table 1
Thickening tests are then performed on aqueous residue samples from points (A) and (B).
A sample of suspension of aqueous copper ore residue is transferred into a 500 mL beaker and then mechanically stirred with a Raynerie mixer. Stirring varies from 800 to 1,000 rpm.
Then polymers (P1A) or (PIB) according to the invention are added and left to stir for 5 to 10 min.
Stirring is then stopped to measure the Brookfîeld viscosity at 100 rpm and the flow limit value.
The test is repeated, adding different amounts of polymer of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.15% by dry/dry weight, relative to the suspension. The results are shown in Table 2.
| Brookfîeld viscosity at 100 rpm, in rnPa.s | ||||
| Point (A) | Point (B) | |||
| Dosing in % dry/dry - Polymer | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) |
| 0.05 | 1,256 | 1,090 | 600 | 650 |
| 0.1 | 1,460 | 1,470 | 880 | 830 |
| 0.15 | 2,050 | 1,970 | 1,100 | 1,250 |
| Flow limit in Pa | ||||
| Point (A) | Point (B) | |||
| Dosing in % dry/dry - Polymer | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) |
| 0.05 | 27 | 39 | 23 | 19 |
| 0.1 | 42 | 53 | 37 | 35 |
| 0.15 | 85 | 70 | 54 | 48 |
Table 2
Another sériés of tests is conducted on other samples of aqueous copper ore residue with solids contents of 50% and 61%. A similar protocol is implemented with polymer (P1A) and (PIB) at doses of 0.05% and of 0.1% by dry/dry weight.
The flow limits are measured immediately after adding polymers (P1A) or (PIB) (TO), then after one hour (Tl), after two hours (T2), and finally after 24 hours (T24). The results are shown in Table 3.
| T0 | Tl | T2 | T24 | |||||
| Flow limit in Pa at 61% solids content | ||||||||
| Polymer | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) |
| Point (A) - 0.05% | 14 | 22 | 22 | 26 | 23 | 43 | 96 | 136 |
| Point (B) — 0.05% | 48 | 26 | 69 | 28 | 74 | 35 | 144 | 101 |
| Point (A)-0.01% | 51 | 42 | 51 | 54 | 66 | 82 | 156 | 142 |
| Point (B)-0.01% | 47 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 52 | 62 | 136 | 140 |
| Flow limit in Pa at 50% solids content | ||||||||
| Polymer | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) | (P1A) | (PIB) |
| Point (A) —0.1% | 9 | 9 | 22 | 16 | 30 | 38 | 126 | 116 |
| Point (B)-0.1% | 20 | 16 | 55 | 44 | 60 | 90 | 244 | 136 |
Table 3
In the absence of polymer, it was found that the aqueous suspensions of copper ore residue hâve low viscosities that disrupt their storage in ponds and can présent uncontrolled flow hazards.
The addition of polymers (P1A) or (PIB) according to the invention makes it possible to significantly increase these viscosities as well as to control the flow threshold of these suspensions.
With the polymers according to the invention, it is therefore possible to thicken aqueous copper ore residues, in particular at a thickener outlet, while controlling their rheology.
These residues can then be stored more efficiently and safely in ponds, in particular by stacking up successive layers of thickened residue. Stacking residue up in successive layers with an appropriate slope makes it possible to increase the useful life of the storage ponds which usually hâve limited surface areas.
Claims (12)
1. A method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension the dry solids content of which is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
• a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s;
• a flow threshold measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa; and • a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa;
comprising the addition, in an aqueous métal ore residue, of at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 100,000 to 3.106 g/mol and prepared by at least one radical polymérisation reaction at a température greater than 50°C, and chosen among:
• a polymer (Pl) prepared in direct émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group;
(b) at least one ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fe111, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof;
• a polymer (P2) prepared in reverse émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts;
(c) at least one compound chosen among acrylamide, an acrylamide dérivative, a sait of an acrylamide dérivative and combinations thereof;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1, in which the suspension has:
- a viscosity greater than 2,500 mPa.s, preferably greater than 3,000 mPa.s, more preferentially greater than 4,000 mPa.s; or
- a viscosity of less than 10,000 mPa.s, preferably less than 8,000 mPa.s or less than 7,000 mPa.s.
3. The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which the suspension has:
- a flow threshold greater than 80 Pa or greater than 100 Pa, preferably greater than 150 Pa or greater than 200 Pa or greater than 300 Pa;
- a flow threshold of less than 700 Pa or less than 500 Pa, preferably less than 450 Pa or less than 400 Pa; or
- a flow threshold greater than 80 Pa or greater than 100 Pa, preferably greater than 150 Pa or greater than 200 Pa or greater than 300 Pa, and less than 700 Pa or less than 500 Pa, preferably less than 450 Pa or less than 400 Pa.
4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3 in which the suspension has a dry solids content greater than 50% by weight or 55% by weight, preferably greater than 60% by weight or greater than 65% by weight, more preferentially greater than 70% by weight or greater than 75% by weight.
5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4 in which the suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight of polymer (P) (dry/dry relative to the ore residue), preferably from 0.01 to 1.8% or from 0.01 to 1.5%, more preferentially from 0.01 to 1.2% or from 0.01 to 1%, much more preferentially from 0.02 to 0.8% or from 0.03 to 0.5%, even more preferentially 0.04 to 0.25% or from 0.04 to 0.15%.
6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5 comprising the addition of one, two or three different polymers (P) or the further addition of at least one compound chosen among a thickening polymer dérivative of natural or synthetic, minerai or organic origin (alginates, guar gum, xanthan gum, modified cellulose dérivatives, unmodified cellulose dérivatives, starches, modified starches), of minerai origin (bentonite, laponite, clays), an unmodified polysaccharide and a polysaccharide.
7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which:
- the métal ore is chosen among lithium, strontium, lanthanide, actinide, uranium, rare earth, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganèse, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, tin, lead ores; or • the métal ore comprises a métal oxide, a métal sulphide or a métal carbonate; or
- the métal ore residue comprises a residual amount of métal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) relative to the amount of métal ore residue; preferably an amount of métal ranging from 10 to 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) or from 10 to 1,000 g per tonne (dry/dry), relative to the amount of métal ore residue.
8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7 in which the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a water pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump; or
- during a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a centrifugal pump or a positive displacement pump; or
- after a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a centrifugal pump or a positive displacement pump; or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using at least one device chosen among a thickener, a high-density thickener or by densimetric concentration or by gravimétrie concentration; or
- before a step of conveying the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline;
- before a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue;
- during a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
9. The method according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which:
- the polymérisation reaction is carried out at a température ranging from 50 to 98°C, preferably from 50 to 95°C or from 50 to 85°C; or
- the préparation reaction:
o ofthe polymer (PI) is carried out in water, alone or in combination with an organic solvent; preferably carried out in water alone; or o the polymer (P2) is carried out without solvent or in an organic solvent, preferably in a hydrocarbon solvent, particularly a hydrocarbon petroleum fraction; or
- the polymer (P) has a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 200,000 g/mol to 2.5.106 g/mol, preferentially ranging from 250,000 g/mol to 2.2.106 g/mol or from 400,000 g/mol to 2.2.106 g/mol; or
- the polymer (P2) is completely or partially neutralised, in particular at the end of the polymérisation reaction.
10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9 in which the anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation comprises one or two one carboxylic acid groups, preferably comprises a single carboxylic acid group, preferably is chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid sait, a methacrylic acid sait and mixtures thereof.
11. The method according to one of claims 1 to 10 in which the polymérisation reaction also uses a another monomer chosen among:
(d) at least one compound chosen among 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid, 2-sulphoethyl méthacrylate, sodium methallyl sulphonate, styrene sulphonate, their salts and combinations thereof or (e) at least one compound of formula (I):
RkiEOVCPCOn-R2 (I) wherein:
- m and n, identical or different, independently represent 0 or an integer or décimal less than 150, m or n is different from 0,
- EO represents a CH2CH2O group,
- PO independently represents a group chosen among CH(CH3)CH2O and CH2CH(CH3)O,
- R1 represents a group comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation, preferably a group selected among acrylate, méthacrylate, acryl urethane, methacryl urethane, vinyl, allyl, methallyl and isoprenyl, more preferentially a méthacrylate group,
- R2 represents a straight, branched or cyclical, saturated, unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbon group comprising from 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably a straight or branched C6-C40 alkyl group, preferably a straight or branched C8-C30 alkyl group, a C6-C40 aryl group, preferably a C8-C30 aryl group such as a tristyryl phenyl group; or (f) at least one monomer selected among:
- polyalkylene glycol acrylate, preferably polyethylene glycol acrylate or polyethylene-polypropylene glycol acrylate,
- polyalkylene glycol méthacrylate, preferably polyethylene glycol méthacrylate or polyethylene polypropylene glycol méthacrylate,
- allyl polyalkylene glycol, preferably allyl polyethylene glycol or allyl polyethylene-polypropylene glycol,
- methallyl polyalkylene glycol, preferably methallyl polyethylene glycol or methallyl polyethylene polypropylene glycol,
- 3-methyl-3-buten-l-ylpolyalkylene glycol, preferably 3-methyl-3-buten-lylpolyethylene glycol or 3-methyl-3-buten-l-ylpolyethylene polypropylene glycol; or (g) at least one cross-linking monomer or at least one monomer comprising at least two olefinic unsaturations.
12. An aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
• a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s;
• a flow threshold measured at a température of 25 °C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa; and • a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, greater than 2,000 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, greater than 40 Pa;
comprising an aqueous métal ore residue and at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 100,000 to 3.106 g/mol and prepared by at least one radical polymérisation reaction at a température greater than 50°C, and chosen among:
• a polymer (PI) prepared in direct émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group;
(b) at least one ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof;
• a polymer (P2) prepared in reverse émulsion from:
(a) at least one anionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts;
(c) at least one compound chosen among acrylamide, an acrylamide dérivative, a sait of an acrylamide dérivative and combinations thereof;
in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate and combinations thereof or
5 their respective combinations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fe111, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1854993 | 2018-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA19879A true OA19879A (en) | 2021-06-23 |
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