OA19878A - Controlling the rheology of a metal ore residue. - Google Patents
Controlling the rheology of a metal ore residue. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA19878A OA19878A OA1202000417 OA19878A OA 19878 A OA19878 A OA 19878A OA 1202000417 OA1202000417 OA 1202000417 OA 19878 A OA19878 A OA 19878A
- Authority
- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- métal
- chosen
- less
- aqueous
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- Prior art date
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 azo compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002572 peristaltic Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tBuOOH Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- GQZXNSPRSGFJLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hypophosphorous acid Chemical compound OP=O GQZXNSPRSGFJLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Incidol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(CCC(O)=O)C#N VFXXTYGQYWRHJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YQHLDYVWEZKEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cumene hydroperoxide Chemical compound OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YQHLDYVWEZKEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017858 Laurus nobilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000001422 Laurus nobilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004159 Potassium persulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium persulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005212 Terminalia tomentosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019394 potassium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PRAMZQXXPOLCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCS(O)(=O)=O PRAMZQXXPOLCIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BTYIFQSAIPDZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propan-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole Chemical compound CC(C)C1=NCCN1 BTYIFQSAIPDZQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052803 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004676 glycans Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZGKNDXOLMOFEJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hypophosphite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]P=O ZGKNDXOLMOFEJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 RZVINYQDSSQUKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-phenylethenesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCNC1=O MXRGSJAOLKBZLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LVGQIQHJMRUCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium bisulfite Chemical compound [Ca+2].OS([O-])=O.OS([O-])=O LVGQIQHJMRUCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004117 Lignosulphonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BZHCGFBZBPVRFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monopotassium phosphite Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)[O-] BZHCGFBZBPVRFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium bisulfite Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])=O DJEHXEMURTVAOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005819 Potassium phosphonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZETCGWYACBNPIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;sulfurous acid Chemical compound N.OS(O)=O ZETCGWYACBNPIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GCTPMLUUWLLESL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010260 calcium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001382 calcium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940064002 calcium hypophosphite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- SLUKLNLGZBOHPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido-oxo-phosphophosphanium Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][P+](=O)[P+]([O-])=O SLUKLNLGZBOHPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAILMMBVTGFJJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O diazanium;dioxido(oxo)phosphanium;hydrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O.[O-][P+]([O-])=O XAILMMBVTGFJJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940005631 hypophosphite ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010259 potassium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001380 potassium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PKHVECPJUQTFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;hydroxyphosphinite Chemical compound [K+].OP[O-] PKHVECPJUQTFRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YPPQYORGOMWNMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium phosphonate pentahydrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])=O YPPQYORGOMWNMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XWKBMOUUGHARTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diphosphite Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])[O-].[O-]P([O-])[O-] XWKBMOUUGHARTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HIZCIEIDIFGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L trithiocarbonate Chemical compound [S-]C([S-])=S HIZCIEIDIFGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium(0) Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 18
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M NaHCO3 Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYGYHGXUJBFUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(prop-2-enoylamino)ethyl]prop-2-enamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCCNC(=O)C=C AYGYHGXUJBFUJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium azide Substances [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aminomethyl propanol Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CO CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C(C)C)C(C)C RKBCYCFRFCNLTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl amine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003311 flocculating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention concerns a method for preparing an aqueous mineral suspension from an aqueous metal ore residue into which a polymer (P) is introduced having a molecular mass Mw measured by GPC ranging from 2.000 to 20.000 g/mol and prepared by radical polymerisation of at least one anionic monomer (M). The invention also concerns the suspension produced, the Brookfield viscosity of which is lower than 1,800 mPa.s or the yield point of which is lower than 80 Pa.
Description
Coatex CONTROLLING THE RHEOLOGY OF A METAL ORE RESIDUE
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue into which is introduced a polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g/mol and prepared by radical polymérisation of at least one anionic monomer (M). The invention also relates to the suspension produced whose Brookfield viscosity is less than 1,800 mPa.s or whose flow threshold is less than 80 Pa.
The method according to the invention is used in a mining process involving at least one minerai deposit. These mining methods generally make it possible to obtain at least one useable métal from a métal ore. The métal ore also comprises a residue of this métal ore. The mining methods are usually implemented using water as a medium for processing or conveying the dry solids content. Therefore, the métal ore residue is usually an aqueous métal ore residue. It can also be a sludge of métal ore residue. It can also be a muddy residue of ore. .
According to the invention^ the aqueous métal ore residue thus results from at least one step in which the useable métal or a dérivative of the useable métal is separated from a métal ore, in particular a métal ore produced by mining extraction. According to the invention, the fraction of the useable métal ore is a métal or several metals or a dérivative of a métal or a dérivative of several metals.
When using the method of préparation according to the invention, an essential step consists of adding at least one polymer (P) to an aqueous métal ore residue. This step therefore relates to the processing of a métal ore residue. It does not relate to the processing of the useable métal ore. This step is therefore generally used in a mining method comprising various steps for processing the métal ore and various steps for processing the métal ore residue.
Typically, mining methods comprise several steps' for processing the métal ore, several steps for processing the, useable métal or for processing the dérivative of the useable métal as well as several steps for processing the métal ore residue.
A mining method typically comprises one or more of the following steps:
- ’ crushing the métal ore,
- grinding the..metal ore, in p articulai, drygrindingorwct grinding, usually in water,
- separating, in particular by flotation, the useable métal or a dérivative of the useable métal and the métal ore residue, particularly the aqueous residue,
- purifying or enriching the useable métal or a dérivative of the useable métal, in particular by flotation,
- concentrating the métal ore residue, for example by filtration, by settling, by gravity, by using a thickener, by flocculation,
- partially separating the aqueous métal ore residue and part of the water,
- conveying the aqueous métal ore residue and
- storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
There are known methods for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue, particularly the methods used to process, convey or store such a residue. Document GB 1414964 relates to a method for deflocculating a particulate material that consists of adding a copolymer or a water-soluble dérivative of a vinyl copolymer to a grout of the particulate material.
Document WO 2007-082797 describes a method for concentrating an aqueous suspension of solid particles combining the use of a flocculant polymer and the use of radiation or of radical agents, oxidising agents or enzymes.
Document WO 2017-097799 discloses a method for processing an aqueous effluent resulting from oil sands mining operations that comprises the addition of a sulphonated dispersing agent and then the addition of a flocculating agent.
Document WO 00-43317 discloses the use of a viscosity-modifying compound in a sludge thickener in which this compound is incorporated into a thickener in a spécifie way.
To facilitate their handling, the known suspensions typically hâve a lower solids content. In fact, adding water may help to lower the viscosity or the flow threshold of these suspensions.
However, adding water leads to problems with water consumption, energy consumption or even problems with organising and storing the aqueous métal ore residues.
It is therefore important to hâve methods for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue having a high dry solids content.
It is also important to hâve such methods that make it possible to préparé stable suspensions, in particular at high dry solids contents. Likewise, it is important to hâve such methods which make it possible to préparé suspensions that are stable and in which the particles of dry solids content hâve a particle size distribution that is relatively coarse or is not very uniform.
Compatibility with the various constituents of aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from an aqueous métal ore residue is also an important property to look for, in particular compatibility with a flocculation agent that can be used to process aqueous métal ore residue, in particular compatibility with a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative. Likewise, it is important to be able to control the viscosity of aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from a mining dérivative, in particular to make it easier to pump, stir or convey them.
Moreover, it is important to hâve methods that make it possible to control the flow threshold of the aqueous métal ore residue.
It is particularly important to confer on an aqueous métal ore residue a flow threshold with a minimum threshold value that makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the risk of the solid portion of the residue settling in case there is no shearing or if there is slight shearing. Reducing the consumption of water when processing aqueous métal ore residues should also be sought.
Water recovery or recycling during the various steps in the mining methods is also to be preferred.
Both the amount of water that is separated or recycled and the quality of the separated or recycled water should be sought.
It is also important to be able to control the behaviour of the aqueous minerai suspensions prepared from an aqueous métal ore residue in order to avoid problems with the processing, storage or conveying equipment. Indeed, this equipment can be damaged, jammed or clogged if there is a drift in or lack of control of the viscosity or of the flow threshold of a minerai suspension prepared from an aqueous métal ore residue.
There is therefore a need for improved methods for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue.
The method according to the invention provides a solution to ail or part of the problems with the methods used in the prior art to préparé an aqueous minerai suspension from an aqueous métal ore residue.
Thus, the invention provides a method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
- a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s,
- a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25 °C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa and
- a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25 °C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa, comprising the addition, in an aqueous métal ore residue, of at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g/mol and prepared by at least one radical polymérisation reaction, at a température greater than 50°C, of at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, laurel peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate, preferably sodium persulphate or potassium persulphate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
The method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to control the essential properties of the aqueous suspension prepared. This method makes it possible to control both the Brookfield viscosity and the flow threshold of the prepared suspension.
According to the invention, the Brookfield viscosity is measured at 100 rpm and at 25 °C, for example using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer. The Brookfield viscosity of the prepared suspension is less than 1,800 mPa.s. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension with a viscosity of less than 1,500 mPa.s or less than 1,200 mPa.s. More preferably, the viscosity is less than 1,000 mPa.s or less than 900 mPa.s. Much more preferentially, the viscosity is less than 800 mPa.s or less than 700 mPa.s or even less than 500 mPa.s.
Particularly advantageously, the method according to the invention makes it possible to control, in particular to lower, the flow threshold of the aqueous métal ore residue relative to the flow threshold of the aqueous métal ore residue that does not comprise any polymer (P).
According to the invention, the flow threshold, which characterises the flow résistance, is measured on a sample of an aqueous minerai suspension, particularly of an aqueous métal ore residue. The flow threshold is the shearing that must be applied to a suspension to cause it to flow. If the shearing is insufficient, the suspension deforms elastically whereas if the shearing is sufficient, the suspension can flow like a liquid.
According to the invention, the flow threshold expressed in Pascals (Pa) is measured at a température of 25°C using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a suitable spindle with blades. Without destroying the underlying structure, the bladed spindle is immersed into the material up to the first immersion mark. After a five-minute wait time, the measure is taken without pre-shearing at a speed of 0.5 rpm. This relatively low speed is preferred so as to minimise the inertia effect of the bladed spindle. The variation in torsional loading measured by the instrument in order to maintain a spin speed of 0.5 rpm is tracked over time. The value of the flow limit or flow threshold of the aqueous residue is indicated by the instrument when this variation becomes zéro.
According to the invention, the flow threshold is measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading. The flow threshold of the prepared suspension is less than 80 Pa. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a flow threshold of less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa. More preferably, the flow threshold is less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa. More preferentially, the flow threshold is less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa.
Also preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension that has a flow threshold greater than 10 Pa. More preferentially, the flow threshold is greater than 12 Pa. Even more preferentially, the flow threshold is greater than 15 Pa.
Thus, the flow threshold is greater than 10 Pa, preferably greater than 12 Pa, more preferentially greater than 15 Pa and less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa, preferably less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa, more preferentially less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa.
Preferably, the flow threshold of the suspension according to the invention ranges from to 80 Pa, or to 70 Pa, to 60 Pa, to 50 Pa, to 40 Pa, to 30 Pa or to 20 Pa. Also preferably, the flow threshold of the suspension according to the invention ranges from 12 to 80 Pa, or to 70 Pa, to 60 Pa, to 50 Pa, to 40 Pa, to 30 Pa or to 20 Pa. Also preferably, the flow threshold of the suspension according to the invention ranges from 15 to 80 Pa, or to
Pa, to 60 Pa, to 50 Pa, to 40 Pa, to 30 Pa or to 20 Pa.
The method according to the invention makes it possible to control the rheology of the prepared suspension for a dry solids content greater than 40% by weight of the suspension. Preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension having a dry solids content greater than 50% by weight or 55% by weight. More preferably, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension having a dry solids content greater than 60% by weight or greater than 65% by weight. Much more preferentially, the method according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension having a dry solids content greater than 70% by weight or greater than 75% by weight.
According to the invention, the amount of polymer (P) used may vary quite widely. Preferably according to the invention, the prepared suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 1.8% or from 0.01 to 1.5% of polymer (P) (dry/dry relative to the ore residue). More preferentially, the prepared suspension comprises from 0.01 to 1.2% or from 0.01 to 1% or from 0.02 to 0.8% or from 0.03 to 0.5% or from 0.04 to 0.25% or from 0.04 to 0.15% by weight of polymer (P) (dry/dry relative to the ore residue).
The method according to the invention may use one or more polymers (P). Preferably, the suspension prepared thus comprises one, two or three different polymers (P). The method according to the invention may also comprise the further addition of at least one compound chosen among a lignosulphonate dérivative, a silicate, an unmodifïed polysaccharide and a modified polysaccharide.
The method according to the invention comprises the addition of at least one polymer (P) to an aqueous minerai ore residue. Preferably, the métal ore is not an aluminium ore. Also preferably according to the invention, the métal ore is chosen among lithium, strontium, lanthanide, actinide, uranium, rare earth, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganèse, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, tin and lead ores. More preferably according to the invention, the métal ore is chosen among uranium, molybdenum, manganèse, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, silver and gold ores. Much more preferably, it is a copper ore. It can also be a dérivative of several useable metals comprising copper, zinc and cobalt.
According to the invention, the métal ore comprises at least one useable métal or at least one useable métal dérivative obtained by separating ail or part of the residue from the métal ore. Preferably according to the invention, the métal ore comprises a métal oxide, a métal sulphide or a métal carbonate.
According to the invention, the métal ore residue may comprise a certain residual amount of métal. Particularly, the métal ore residue may comprise a residual amount of métal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) relative to the amount of métal ore residue. This amount of métal in the métal ore residue can typically range from 10 to 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) or from 10 to 1,000 g per tonne (dry/dry), relative to the amount of métal ore residue.
When using the method according to the invention, the polymer (P) can be added during one or several steps in the mining process, in particular during one or several of the métal ore residue processing steps such as pumping, flocculating, concentrating, conveying or storing the métal ore residue, particularly the aqueous métal ore residue.
According to the invention, during a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue according to the invention, the concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue is significantly increased. Preferably, the concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue is increased from 10 to 40% by weight or from 20 to 40% by weight or from 10 to 50% by weight or from 20 to 50% by weight. Also preferably, the concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue is increased from 10 to 70% by weight or from 20 to 70% by weight or from 10 to 60% by weight or from 20 to 60% by weight.
Preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- during a pumping step of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- after a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump.
Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of flocculation of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative or
- during a step of flocculation of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative such as alkylene bis-acrylamide, particularly ethylene bis-acrylamide or
- after a step of flocculation of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative such as alkylene bis acrylamide, particularly ethylene bis-acrylamide.
Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or
- during a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter.
Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added before a step of conveying of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline.
Also preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added before a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue or during a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
Particularly preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- during a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or
- before a step of conveying the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline.
Even more particularly preferably according to the invention, the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump or
- during a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener or
- before a step of conveying the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using a closed pipe or a pipeline.
The method according to the invention uses at least one particular polymer (P). It is prepared by a polymérisation reaction in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, laurel peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate, preferably sodium persulphate or potassium persulphate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fem, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof. Preferably, this polymérisation reaction does not use benzoyl peroxide.
In addition to this radical-generating compound, the polymérisation reaction can be carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in the oxidation I state, preferably a compound chosen among hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and a dérivative of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), preferably a compound comprising at least one hypophosphite ion (ΙΙ2ΡΟ2'), more preferentially a compound chosen among sodium hypophosphite (ILPC^Na), potassium hypophosphite (H2PO2K), calcium hypophosphite ([H2PO2]2Ca) and mixtures thereof.
Likewise, the polymérisation reaction can be carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in the oxidation III state, preferably a compound chosen among phosphorous acid and a dérivative of phosphorous acid, more preferentially a compound comprising at least one phosphite ion, in particular a compound chosen among sodium phosphite, calcium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite and combinations thereof.
The polymérisation reaction can also be carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising a bisulphite ion, preferably a compound chosen among ammonium bisulphite, an alkaline métal bisulphite, in particular sodium bisulphite, potassium bisulphite, calcium bisulphite, magnésium bisulphite and combinations thereof.
The polymérisation reaction can also be carried out in the presence of from 0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total amount of monomers, of at least one compound chosen among a xanthate dérivative, a mercaptan compound and a compound of formula (I):
R S F
XœC'^^S^COOX (I) wherein:
ο X independently represents H, Na or K and o R independently represents a Ci-Cs-alkyl group, preferably a methyl group;
particularly a compound of formula (I) which is disodic diisopropionate trithiocarbonate (DPTTC).
According to the invention, the polymérisation reaction is carried out at a température greater than 50°C. Preferably, the polymérisation reaction is carried out at a température ranging from 50 to 98°C or from 50 to 95°C or from 50 to 85°C. A higher température, in particular above 100°C, may be used by adjusting the pressure of the reaction medium to prevent évaporation.
Preferably, the polymérisation reaction is carried out in water. It can also be carried out in a solvent, alone or mixed with water, in particular an alcoholic solvent, particularly isopropyl alcohol. More preferably, it is carried out in water.
Advantageously, the polymer (P) used according to the invention has a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,200 to 10,000 g/mol. Preferably, the polymer (P) used according to the invention has a molecular mass Mw ranging from 2,400 to 9,500 g/mol or from 2,400 to 8,000 g/mol, more preferentially from 2,400 to 6,500 g/mol. The polymer (P) used according to the invention is therefore not a flocculating agent. According to the invention, the molecular mass Mw of the copolymers is determined by Gel Perméation Chromatography (GPC). This technique uses a Waters liquid chromatography apparatus equipped with a detector. This detector is a Waters refractive index detector. This liquid chromatography apparatus is equipped with a steric exclusion column in order to separate the various molecular weights of the copolymers studied. The liquid elution phase is an aqueous phase adjusted to pH 9.00 using IN sodium hydroxide containing 0.05 M of NaHCO3, 0.1 M of NaNO3, 0.02 M of triethanolamine and 0.03% of NaN3.
According to a first step, the copolymer solution is diluted to 0.9% by dry weight in the dissolution solvent of the GPC, which corresponds to the liquid elution phase of the GPC to which is added 0.04% of dimethyl formamide which acts as a flow rate marker or internai standard. Then it is filtered using a 0.2 pm filter. Then 100 pL are injected into the chromatography instrument (eluent: an aqueous phase adjusted to pH 9.00 by IN sodium hydroxide containing 0.05 M of NaHCO3, 0.1 M of NaNO3, 0.02 M of triethanolamine and 0.03% of NaN3). The liquid chromatography apparatus has an isocratic pump (Waters 515) the flow rate of which is set to 0.8 mL/min. The chromatography instrument also comprises an oven which itself comprises the following system of columns in sériés: a Waters Ultrahydrogel Guard precolumn 6 cm long and mm in inner diameter and a Waters Ultrahydrogel linear column 30 cm long and
7.8 mm in inner diameter. The détection system is comprised of a Waters 410 RI refractive index detector. The oven is heated to 60°C and the refractometer is heated to 45°C.
The chromatography instrument is calibrated using powdered sodium polyacrylate standards of different molecular masses certified by the supplier: Polymer Standards Service or American Polymers Standards Corporation (molecular mass ranging from 900 to 2.25 x 106 g/mol and polymolecularity index ranging from 1.4 to 1.8).
The polymer (P) used according to the invention can be completely or partially neutralised, in particular at the end of the polymérisation reaction. According to the invention, the neutralisation of the polymer is carried out by neutralising or salifying ail or part of the carboxylic acid groups présent in the polymer. Preferably, this neutralisation is carried out using a base, for example using a dérivative of an alkaline métal or a dérivative of an alkaline-earth métal.
The preferred bases are chosen among CaO, ZnO, MgO, NaOH, KOH, NH4OH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, monoisopropylamine, triethanolamine, triisopropylamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP), triethylamine, diethylamine, monoethylamine. Particularly preferably, neutralisation is carried out using MgO, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, alone or in combination.
According to the invention, the polymérisation reaction uses at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts.
Preferably, the anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation comprises one or two carboxylic acid groups, particularly a single carboxylic acid group. More preferably, it is chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid sait, a methacrylic acid sait and mixtures thereof, much more preferentially acrylic acid.
Preferably, the polymérisation reaction uses 100% by weight of anionic monomer (M) or from 70% to 99.5% by weight of anionic monomer (M) and from 0.5% to 30% by weight of at least one other monomer.
Advantageously, the polymérisation reaction can thus also use at least one other monomer chosen among:
- another anionic monomer, preferably a monomer chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof,
- 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, a sait of 2-acrylamido-2methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulphonic acid, a sait of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulphonic acid, sodium methallyl sulphonate, styrene sulphonate and combinations or mixtures thereof,
- a non-ionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefïnic unsaturation, preferably at least one polymerisable ethylenic unsaturation and in particular a polymerisable vinyl group, more preferentially a non-ionic monomer chosen among styrene, vinyl caprolactam, the esters of an acid comprising at least one monocarboxylic acid group, in particular an ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, for example hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl méthacrylate, hydroxypropyl méthacrylate, alkyl acrylate, in particular Cj-Cio-alkyl acrylate, preferentially Ci-C4-alkyl acrylate, more preferentially methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, alkyl méthacrylate, in particular Ci-Cio-alkyl méthacrylate, preferentially Ci-C4-alkyl méthacrylate, more preferentially methyl méthacrylate, ethyl méthacrylate, n-propyl méthacrylate, isopropyl méthacrylate, isobutyl méthacrylate, n-butyl méthacrylate, aryl acrylate, preferably phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, aryl méthacrylate, preferably phenyl méthacrylate, benzyl méthacrylate, phenoxyethyl méthacrylate and
- a monomer of formula (II):
R1
G!) wherein:
- R1 and R2, identical or different, independently represent H or CH3,
- L1 independently represents a group chosen among C(O), CHz, CH2-CH2 and O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2,
- L2 independently represents a group chosen among (CH2-CH2O)X, (CH2CH(CH3)O)y, (CH(CH3)CH2O)z and combinations thereof and
- x, y and z, identical or different, independently represent an integer or décimal comprised in a range from 0 to 150 and the sum of x+y+z is comprised in a range from 10 to 150.
Particularly preferably, the monomer of formula (II) is such that:
- R1 represents CH3,
- R2 represents H,
- L1 represents a C(O) group,
- L2 independently represents a combination of groups chosen among (CH2-CH2O)x, (CH2CH(CH3)O)y, (CH(CH3)CH2O)Z and
- x, y and z, identical or different, independently represent an integer or décimal comprised in a range from 0 to 150 and the sum of x+y+z is comprised in a range from 10 to 150.
Preferably, the polymer (P) used according to the invention is a non-sulphonated polymer.
When preparing the polymer (P) used according to the invention, a séparation step can also be carried out.
According to the invention, the séparation can be carried out after the full or partial neutralisation of the polymer (P).
It can also be carried out prior to neutralising the polymer (P).
The aqueous solution of the fuliy or partially neutralised polymer (P) can be processed using the static or dynamic split methods known as such.
To do so, one or more polar solvents in the group comprised in particular of methanol, éthanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone and tetrahydrofuran, can be used, thus resulting in a two-phase séparation.
During the séparation, the least dense phase contains the largest fraction of the polar solvent and the fraction of polymers with low molecular weight, and the densest aqueous phase contains the fraction of polymers with the highest molecular weight.
The température at which the polymer fraction sélection is processed can influence the partition coefficient. It is typically comprised within a range of from 10 to 80°C, preferably from 20 to 60°C. During the séparation, it is important to control the ratio of the amounts of dilution water and polar solvents.
When using a dynamic séparation method, for example centrifugation, the ratios of the extracted fractions typically dépend on the centrifugation conditions. The sélection of the fraction of the polymers can also be improved by re-processing the densest aqueous phase using a new amount of polar solvent, which can be different. It can also be a mixture of polar solvents. Lastly, the liquid phase obtained after processing can be distilled to eliminate the solvent(s) used in processing.
The method of préparation according to the invention makes it possible to préparé a suspension of aqueous métal ore residue comprising at least one polymer (P) that has particularly advantageous properties, in particular rheological properties that are particularly advantageous.
Thus, the invention also provides a method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 50% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
- a Brookfîeld viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s, - a flow threshold measured at a température of 25 °C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa and
- a Brookfîeld viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa, comprising an aqueous métal ore residue and at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g/mol and prepared by radical polymérisation reaction, at a température greater than 50°C, of at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, laurel peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate, preferably sodium persulphate or potassium persulphate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazoIyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fe111, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
The particular, advantageous or preferred characteristics of the method according to the invention define suspensions according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate the various aspects of the invention.
The polymers used in the method according to the invention are prepared.
Polymer (Pl) is prepared by placing 156 g of water and 0.013 g of iron sulphate heptahydrate into a one-litre glass reactor with mechanical stirring and oil bath heating.
Using a dosing pump, 271 g of acrylic acid at 100% by weight are weighed into a 500 mL beaker.
Using a dosing pump, 3.3 g of persulphate diluted with 15 g of water are weighed into a 20 mL test tube .
Using a dosing pump, 115 g of sodium bisulphite at 40% by weight are weighed into a 200 mL test tube.
The reactor is heated to 80°C.
30% ofthe persulphate solution is injected rapidly and then the remainder ofthis solution, the acrylic acid and the bisulphite solution are injected in parallel in:
- 3 h for the acrylic acid and
- 3.5 h for the persulphate and the bisulphite.
The reaction medium is kept at 80°C.
The medium is then heat-treated for 30 minutes with a solution of 0.3 g of persulphate in 4 g of water and then 4.5 g of hydrogen peroxide at 130 V.
Lastly, the pumps are rinsed with water.
The medium is heated again for 60 min at 80°C.
The solution is then neutralised using 50% by weight of sodium hydroxide in water until it reaches pH 8 and then diluted to a solids content of 42% by weight. Polymer (Pl) is obtained, with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, of 2,500 g/mol.
Polymer (P2) is prepared by placing 212 g of water and 0.08 g of iron sulphate heptahydrate into a one-litre glass reactor with mechanical stirring and oil bath heating.
Using a dosing pump, 303 g of acrylic acid at 100% by weight and 15 g of water are weighed into a 500 mL beaker.
Using a dosing pump, 25.6 g of sodium hypophosphite monohydrate diluted with 30 g of water are weighed into a 100 mL test tube.
Using a dosing pump, 21g of hydrogen peroxide at 130 V and 35 g of water are weighed into a 100 mL test tube.
The reactor is heated to 95°C and the monomer, the hypophosphite solution and the hydrogen peroxide solution are added in parallel in 120 min while keeping the température ofthe reaction medium at 95°C.
Lastly, the pumps are rinsed with water.
The medium is heated again for 60 min at 95°C.
The solution is then neutralised using 50% by weight of sodium hydroxide in water until it reaches pH 8 and then diluted to a solids content of 42% by weight. Polymer (P2) is obtained, with a molecular mass, measured by GPC, of4,500 g/mol.
The raw material used for this sériés of tests is an aqueous métal ore residue from a Chilean copper mine located in the north of the country. This is waste resulting from the séparation of the ore containing the useable métal from the rock extracted from the mine. This aqueous copper ore residue is in the form of a water-based suspension.
Various measures were taken beforehand on the aqueous residue in the absence of the polymer according to the invention:
- particle size distribution using a Mastersizer 2000 laser granulometer (Malvem),
- solid content using a Mettler-Toledo dry balance,
- Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm using a Brookfield DV3T viscometer with a suitable spindle,
- flow limit value using a Brookfield DV3T viscometer using a winged module and
- flow speed using a No. 4 Ford Cup viscometer.
The particle size distribution by volume shows the presence of multiple particle populations with different sizes: D(0.1) =1.6 pm, D(0.5) = 25 pm, D(0.84) = 195 pm, D(0.9) = 252 pm, and D(0.99) = 501 pm.
The other characteristics are shown in Table 1.
| % Solids content | 55.8 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm, in mPa.s | 1,220 |
| pH | 10.0 |
| Conductivity in pS/cm | 2,700 |
| Viscosity, No. 4 Ford cup, in s | 25 |
Table 1
A concentration of the aqueous residue is then prepared by decanting and separating a portion of the supematant water to form an aqueous residue whose characteristics are
| % Solids content | 60.5 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm, in mPa.s | 3,016 |
| PH | 10.1 |
| Conductivity in pS/cm | 2,320 |
| Viscosity, No. 4 Ford cup, in s | / |
shown in Table 2.
Table 2
A sample of suspension of aqueous residue of reconcentrated copper ore is transferred into a 500 mL beaker and then mechanically stirred with a Raynerie mixer. Stirring varies from 800 to 1,000 rpm.
Then, a polymer (PI) according to the invention is added (0.1% by weight dry/dry) and the mixture is left under stirring for 5 to 10 min.
Stirring is then stopped to allow the Brookfield viscosities, pH and conductivity measures to be taken. The test is repeated, adding different amounts of polymer. The results are shown in Table 3.
| Polymer (PI) | |||
| % by weight dry/dry of polymer | Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm (mPa.s) | pH | Conductivity (pS/cm) |
| 0 | 3,032 | 9.9 | 2,410 |
| 0.07 | 1,374 | 9.9 | 2,580 |
| 0.09 | 1,186 | 9.9 | 2,560 |
| 0.1 | 1,070 | 9.9 | 2,590 |
Table 3
A dose of 0.1% by weight dry/dry of polymer (PI) makes it possible to significantly reduce the viscosity of the aqueous residue. The aqueous suspension of copper ore residue can then be handled easily.
Another test is conducted without any polymer and with two polymers (PI) and (P2) according to the invention at this dose of 0.1% by weight dry/dry. The results are shown in Table 4.
| Residue | |||
| without additive | with polymer (PI) | with polymer (P2) | |
| % by weight dry/dry | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| PH | 10.1 | 9.9 | 9.3 |
| Conductivity in | 2,320 | 2,590 | 2,940 |
| % Solids content | 60.5 | 60.9 | 60.5 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm (mPa.s) | 3,016 | 1,070 | 1,188 |
Table 4
A dose of 0.1% by weight dry/dry of polymer (Pl) or of polymer (P2) thus also makes it possible to signifïcantly reduce the viscosity of the aqueous residue.
The flow threshold of this aqueous copper ore residue with a solids content of 61% was then measured at a température of 25°C using a Brookfield DV3T rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a spindle with suitable blades. Without destroying the underlying structure, the bladed spindle is immersed into the material up to the first immersion mark. After a five-minute wait time, the measure is taken without pre-shearing at a speed of 0.5 rpm. This relatively low speed is preferred so as to minimise the inertia effect of the bladed spindle. The variation in torsional loading measured by the instrument in order to maintain a spin speed of 0.5 rpm is tracked over time.
The value of the flow limit or flow threshold of the aqueous residue is indicated by the instrument when this variation is zéro. The results obtained are shown in Table 5.
| Time (min) | Residue Flow Threshold (Pa) | ||
| without additive | with polymer (Pl) | with polymer (P2) | |
| 0 | 55 | 32 | 26 |
| 2 | 60 | 48 | 37 |
| 4 | 58 | 46 | 36 |
| 6 | 55 | 42 | 33 |
| 8 | / | 38 | 31 |
| 10 | / | 33 | 30 |
| 12 | 54 | 31 | 27 |
| 14 | / | 29 | 28 |
| 16 | / | / | / |
| 18 | / | / | / |
| 20 | 50 | 28 | 28 |
Table 5
Aqueous suspensions of aqueous copper ore residue with a solids content of 58%, with or without polymers (Pl) and (P2), are then prepared according to the invention. The characteristics of these suspensions are measured. The results obtained are shown in Table 6.
| Residue |
| without additive | with polymer (Pl) | with polymer (P2) | |
| % by weight dry/dry | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| PH | 9.8 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Conductivity in | 2,160 | 2,770 | 2,820 |
| Brookfield viscosity at 100 rpm (mPa.s) | 2,196 | 838 | 824 |
Table 6
It can thus be seen that aqueous suspensions of reference copper residue with a solids content of 55%, 61% or 58% hâve high viscosities.
The addition of polymer (Pl) or of polymer (P2) according to the invention makes it 5 possible to significantly lower these viscosities as well as to control the flow threshold of these suspensions.
With the polymers according to the invention, it is therefore possible to disperse aqueous copper ore residues, in particular at the output of a thickener, which hâve high solids contents while controlling their rheology.
Claims (12)
1. A method for preparing an aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 40% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
- a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s,
- a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa and
- a Brookfield viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25 °C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa, comprising the addition, in an aqueous métal ore residue, of at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g/mol and prepared by at least one radical polymérisation reaction, at a température greater than 50°C, of at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, laurel peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate, preferably sodium persulphate or potassium persulphate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
2. The method according to claim 1 in which the suspension has a viscosity of less than
1,500 mPa.s, preferably less than 1,200 mPa.s, more preferentially less than 1,000 mPa.s or less than 900 mPa.s, much more preferentially less than 800 mPa.s or less than
700 mPa.s, or even less than 500 mPa.s.
3. The method according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which the suspension has:
- a flow threshold of less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa, preferably less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa, more preferentially less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa or
- a flow threshold greater than 10 Pa, preferably greater than 12 Pa, more preferentially greater than 15 Pa or
- a flow threshold greater than 10 Pa, preferably greater than 12 Pa, more preferentially greater than 15 Pa and less than 70 Pa or less than 60 Pa, preferably less than 50 Pa or less than 40 Pa, more preferentially less than 30 Pa or less than 20 Pa.
4. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3 in which the suspension has a dry solids content greater than 50% by weight or 55% by weight, preferably greater than 60% by weight or greater than 65% by weight, more preferentially greater than 70% by weight or greater than 75% by weight.
5. The method according to one of claims 1 to 4 in which the suspension comprises from 0.01 to 2% by weight of polymer (P) (dry/dry relative to the ore residue), preferably from 0.01 to 1.8% or from 0.01 to 1.5%, more preferentially from 0.01 to 1.2% or from 0.01 to 1%, much more preferentially from 0.02 to 0.8% or from 0.03 to 0.5%, even more preferentially 0.04 to 0.25% or from 0.04 to 0.15%.
6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 5 comprising the addition of one, two or three different polymer(s) (P) or the fiirther addition of at least one compound chosen among a lignosulphonate dérivative, a silicate, an unmodifïed polysaccharide and a modified polysaccharide.
7. The method according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which:
the métal ore is chosen among lithium, strontium, lanthanide, actinide, uranium, rare earth, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, niobium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganèse, iron, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, tin and lead ores or • the métal ore comprises a métal oxide, a métal sulphide or a métal carbonate or • the métal ore residue comprises a residual amount of métal of less than 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) relative to the amount of métal ore residue; preferably an amount of métal ranging from 10 to 2,000 g per tonne (dry/dry) or from 10 to 1,000 g per tonne (dry/dry), relative to the amount of métal ore residue.
8. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7 in which the polymer (P) is added:
- before a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- during a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- after a step of pumping the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular using a pump chosen among a centrifugal pump, a peristaltic pump, a positive displacement pump, a compressed air pump, a diaphragm pump, a rotary pump or
- before a step of flocculation of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative or
- during a step of flocculation of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative or
- after a step of flocculation of the aqueous métal ore residue, for example using a polyacrylamide or a polyacrylamide dérivative or
- before a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or
- during a step of concentration step the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or
- after a step of concentration of the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular by gravimétrie concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by densimetric concentration, for example using at least one device chosen among a conventional thickener, a high-density thickener, a high-yield thickener, or by filtration, for example using at least one device chosen among a filter, a filter press, a rotary filter or
- before a step of conveying the aqueous métal ore residue, in particular conveying using an open pipe, a closed pipe or a pipeline or
- before a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue or
- during a step of storing the aqueous métal ore residue.
9. The method according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which:
- the polymérisation reaction is also carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in the oxidation I State, preferably a compound chosen among hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and a dérivative of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), preferably a compound comprising at least one hypophosphite ion (II2PO2), more preferentially a compound chosen among sodium hypophosphite (H2PO2Na), potassium hypophosphite (H2PO2K), calcium hypophosphite ([EhPChhCa) and mixtures thereof or
- the polymérisation reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising phosphorus in the oxidation III State, preferably a compound chosen among phosphorous acid and a phosphorous acid dérivative, more preferentially a compound comprising at least one phosphite ion, in particular a compound chosen among sodium phosphite, calcium phosphite, potassium phosphite, ammonium phosphite, and combinations thereof or
- the polymérisation reaction is also carried out in the presence of at least one compound comprising a bisulphite ion, preferably a compound chosen among ammonium bisulphite, an alkaline métal bisulphite, in particular sodium bisulphite, potassium bisulphite, calcium bisulphite, magnésium bisulphite, and combinations thereof or
- the polymérisation reaction is also carried out in the presence of from 0.05 to 5% by weight, relative to the total amount of monomers, of at least one compound chosen among a xanthate dérivative, a mercaptan compound and a compound of formula (I):
R s F
XOOC/^S^'S/^COOX (I) wherein:
ο X independently represents H, Na or K and o R independently represents a Ci-C5-alkyl group, preferably a methyl group; particularly a compound of formula (I) which is disodic diisopropionate trithiocarbonate (DPTTC) or
- the polymérisation reaction is carried out at a température ranging from 50 to 98°C, preferably from 50 to 95°C or from 50 to 85°C or
- the polymérisation reaction is carried out in water, in a solvent, alone or in a mixture with water, particularly an alcoholic solvent, in particular isopropyl alcohol, preferably in water or
- the polymer (P) has a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,200 to 10,000 g/mol, preferably from 2,400 to 9,500 g/mol or from 2,400 to 8,000 g/mol, more preferentially from 2,400 to 6,500 g/mol; or
- the polymer (P) is completely or partially neutralised, in particular at the end of the polymérisation reaction or
- the polymérisation reaction uses:
ο 100% by weight of anionic monomer (M) or o from 70% to 99.5% by weight of anionic monomer (M) and from 0.5% to 30% by weight of at least one other monomer.
10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 9 in which the anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation comprises one or two carboxylic acid groups, preferably comprises a single carboxylic acid group, preferably is chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, an acrylic acid sait, a methacrylic acid sait and mixtures thereof, more preferentially acrylic acid.
11. The method according to one of claims 1 to 10 in which the polymérisation reaction also uses at least one other monomer chosen among:
- another anionic monomer, preferably a monomer chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride and mixtures thereof, - 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, a sait of 2-acrylamido-2methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulphonic acid, a sait of 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanesulphonic acid, sodium methallyl sulphonate, styrene sulphonate and combinations or mixtures thereof,
- a non-ionic monomer comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation, preferably at least one polymerisable ethylenic unsaturation and in particular a polymerisable vinyl group, more preferentially a non-ionic monomer chosen among styrene, vinyl caprolactam, the esters of an acid comprising at least one monocarboxylic acid group, in particular an ester of an acid chosen among acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof, for example hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl méthacrylate, hydroxypropyl méthacrylate, alkyl acrylate, in particular Ci-Cio-alkyl acrylate, preferentially Ci-C4-alkyl acrylate, more preferentially methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, alkyl méthacrylate, in particular Ci-Cio-alkyl méthacrylate, preferentially Ci-C4-alkyl méthacrylate, more preferentially methyl méthacrylate, ethyl méthacrylate, n-propyl méthacrylate, isopropyl méthacrylate, isobutyl méthacrylate, n-butyl méthacrylate, aryl acrylate, preferably phenyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, phenoxyethyl acrylate, aryl méthacrylate, preferably phenyl méthacrylate, benzyl méthacrylate, phenoxyethyl méthacrylate and
- a monomer of formula (II):
R1
(Π) wherein:
- R1 and R2, identical or different, independently represent H or CH3,
- L1 independently represents a group chosen among C(O), CH2, CH2-CH2 and O-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2,
- L2 independently represents a group chosen among (CH2-CH2O)X, (CH2CH(CH3)O)y, (CH(CH3)CH2O)z and combinations thereof and
- x, y and z, identical or different, independently represent an integer or décimal comprised in a range from 0 to 150 and the sum of x+y+z is comprised in a range from 10 to 150.
12. An aqueous minerai suspension with a dry solids content that is greater than 50% by weight of the suspension and having at least one property chosen among:
- a Brookfîeld viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s, - a flow threshold measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa and
- a Brookfîeld viscosity, measured at 100 rpm and at 25°C, of less than 1,800 mPa.s and a flow threshold, measured at a température of 25°C using a rheometer with imposed shearing, equipped with a bladed spindle, for a particular torsional loading, of less than 80 Pa, comprising an aqueous métal ore residue and at least one polymer (P) with a molecular mass Mw, measured by GPC, ranging from 2,000 to 20,000 g/mol and prepared by radical polymérisation reaction, at a température greater than 50°C, of at least one anionic monomer (M) comprising at least one polymerisable olefinic unsaturation and at least one carboxylic acid group or one of its salts, in the presence of at least one radical-generating compound chosen among hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, acetyl peroxide, laurel peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, ammonium persulphate, an alkaline métal persulphate, preferably sodium persulphate or potassium persulphate, an azo compound such as 2,2'-azobis(2-(4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)propane, 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, diazo-valeronitrile, 4,4'-azobis-(4-cyanovaleric) acid, AZDN or 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile, and their respective combinations or associations with an ion chosen among Fe11, Fein, Cu1, Cu11 and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1854989 | 2018-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA19878A true OA19878A (en) | 2021-06-23 |
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