OA19814A - Compacted geophagic consumable. - Google Patents
Compacted geophagic consumable. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA19814A OA19814A OA1202000335 OA19814A OA 19814 A OA19814 A OA 19814A OA 1202000335 OA1202000335 OA 1202000335 OA 19814 A OA19814 A OA 19814A
- Authority
- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- geophagic
- soil
- consumable
- compacted
- mould
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000220304 Prunus dulcis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000813 microbial Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004215 spores Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 13
- 208000001649 Pica Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001599 sigmoid colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 208000007502 Anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010060945 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001035 Gastrointestinal Tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010020947 Hypocalcaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021015 Hypokalaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010022972 Iron deficiency anaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010428 Muscle Weakness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010028372 Muscular weakness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000006551 Parasitic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010044269 Toxocariasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000009361 ascariasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002249 digestive system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000013632 homeostatic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000705 hypocalcaemia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000396 hypokalemic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The present invention relates to method of producing a compacted geophagic consumable and a compacted geophagic consumable produced according to the method of the invention.
Description
COMPACTED GEOPHAGIC CONSUMABLE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The présent invention relates to method of producing a compacted geophagic consumable and a compacted geophagic consumable produced according to the method of the invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Geophagia is the custom of involuntarily deiiberate ingestion of soil, especially by women and children. The habit is as old as humankind, and is more prévalent in some societies than others. The link between geophagia, hunger and poverty has been claimed, but there is evidence to suggest that the practice is not limited to poor people but cuts across socio-economic, ethnie, religious and racial divides. The African explorer, David Livingstone reported in detail his observations on- geophagia 'Ίη''Africa and refuted poverty as a possible -explanation for the practice (Woywodt and Kiss, 2002). He observed that the practice was common amongst the slaves, the contended workers as well as the poor and that the abundance of food did not prevent it. No single reason for the practice of geophagia by various societies has been advanced.
It is possible that the ingestion of géologie materials, including soils, plays a positive rôle in the health of individuals who indulge in the practice of geophagia by correcting bodily homeostasis by adjusting imbalances or deficiency of minerais. In addition, it may supplément elemental nutrients, adjust pH in the digestive system and serve as a treatment for certain ailments. However, the Committee on Research Priorities for Earth Science and Public Health, National Research Council (2007) cites .that geophagia poses a potential health threat to several communities. Soil ingestion may lead to,a,spécifie disease or general ill health, such as iron deficiency anaemia, hypocalcaemia, parasitic infections, mechanical bowel disorder and perforation ofthe sigmoid colon (Reid, 1992; Severance et al., 1988). In addition, geophagic individuals showed an increased level of anaemia after prolonged soil ingestion. Ingestion of soil may also resuit in deficiencies of certain vital éléments in the system, since some soils,
-2rather than supplying these éléments to the body absorb those that are already in solution, thereby reducing their availability for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (Hooda, 2003).
Soils, especially those rich in clay and organic matter content, are biological sinks for many microorganisms, somé of which are pathogenic. Géophagia, is therefore also associated with bacterial infections, such as ascariasis in children which has been reported in Nigeria and toxocariasis which has been reported in the USA (Callahan, 2003). Perforation of the sigmoid colon (Woywodt and Kiss, 1999) has also been reported in geophagic individuals, as has mechanical bowel disorder.
The négative effects of géophagia on human health are infiuenced by factors that may include properties of soil and clays ingested, sources from which they are mined, and the manner in which they are mined.
Brouillard and Rateau (1989) attribute deficiency of certain cations in geophagic individuals to the cation exchange capacity of the soil ingested. Prolonged ingestion of soils with high concentrations of heavy metals may also resuit in heavy métal toxicity.
Whereas some individuals practising géophagia are aware of the health implications of the practice, many are not. Ignorance about the possible health implications of ingesting soils may présent a major health challenge in rural communities where nutrition is also compromised by poverty.
There is clearly a need for some form of processed safe-to-consume geophagic product that will be less harmful to the health of a consumer, but will still meet the needs of the geophagic consumer.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect..of the .invention, there is provided a method of producing a compacted geophagic consumable comprising the following steps:
(i) collection of geophagic soil from a location as desired;
(ii) pulvérisation and sieving of the soil to remove particles of a size that are harmful for ingestion by a consumer;
(iii) stérilisation of the sieved soil;
(iv) mixing the sterilised soil with sterilised water to produce a paste;
(v) transferring the paste into a mould and compressing the paste in the mould to form a compacted geophagic consumable;
(vi) drying the compacted geophagic consumable in the mould overnight;
(vii) removing the dried, compacted geophagic consumable from the mould and optionally packaging the compacted geophagic consumable.
The method may comprise a further step of analysing the geophagic soil for soil characteristics including soil composition, mineralogy, pH, toxic compounds and the like. .
The method may further comprise a step of adjusting the composition of the geophagic soil, and/or treating the geophagic soil to adjust the characteristics of the soil prior to further processing by the method ofthe invention.
The pulvérisation is typically performed by means of an apparatus such as a pestle and mortar, or similar apparatus.
Particles of greater size than desired are removed by sieving.
Stérilisation is typically performed using a food pressure cooker according to the instructions for use of the pressure cooker. However, it is to be appreciated that any similar method of consumable stérilisation known to those skilled in the art may be used. It is to be appreciated that stérilisation of the soil results in a sterilised soil that is free of micro-organisms and/or microbial spores.
The compressed geophagic consumable may be shaped into an almond, round or square form, and may be in the form of a bar. However, it is to be appreciated that any shape that can be moulded may be produced and that the compressed shape may include a pattern thereon.
Packaging may be by vacuum-packing the compressed geophagic consumable into bags, including plastic or similar bags. · ·
-4According to a further aspect of the invention is a compressed geophagic consumable produced according to the method of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method of producing a compacted geophagic consumable and a compacted geophagic consumable produced according to the method of the invention.
Geophagia is an ancient practice but many health concerns related to ingestion of soils remain. The applicant has therefore considered how to.address these health concerns and has developed a compacted geophagic consumable which is comprised of processed geophagic soil and can be safely consumed, thereby providing the health benefits associated with geophagia, but limiting the health concerns related to the practice.
The method of producing the compacted geophagic consumable comprises the following steps:
(viii) collection of geophagic soil from a location as desired;
(ix) pulvérisation and sieving of the soil to remove course particles that are harmful to a consumer;
(x) stérilisation of the sieved soil;
(xi) mixing the sterilised soil with sterilised water to produce a paste;
(xii) transferring the paste into a mould and compressing the paste in the mould to form a compacted consumable;
(xiii) drying the compacted consumable in the mould overnight;
(xiv) removing the dried, compacted consumable from the mould and packaging the consumable.
The process may comprise a further step of analysing the geophagic soil for soil characteristics including soil composition, mineralogy, pH, toxic compounds and the like.
The process may further comprise a step of adjusting the composition of the geophagic soil, or treating the geophagic soil to adjust the characteristics of the soil prior to further processing by the method of the invention. · ·
-5The pulvérisation is typically performed by means of an apparatus such as a pestle and mortar, or similar apparatus.
Particles of greater size than desired are removed by sieving.
Stérilisation is typically performed using a food pressure cooker according to the instructions for use of the pressure cooker. However, it is to be appreciated that any similar method of consumable stérilisation known to those skilled in the art may be used.
It is to be appreciated that stérilisation of the soil results in a sterilised soil that is free of microorganisms and/or microbial spores.
The compressed geophagic consumable is typically shaped into an almond, round or square form, and may be in the form of a bar. It is to be appreciated that any compressed shape may be formed and that the compressed shape may include a pattern thereon.
Packaging is typically by vacuum-packing the compressed geophagic consumable into bags, such as plastic orsimilar bags. ’ '
REFERENCES
Woywodt, A and Kiss, A (2002). Geophagia: the history of earth-eating. Journal of the Royal Societt of Medicine, 95(3):1431-146.
Woywodt A and Kiss A (1999). Perforation of the sigmoid colon due to geophagia. Archives of Surgery, 134 (1): 88-89.
Committee on Research Priorities for Earth Science and Public Health, National Research Council (2007). What we eat. In Earth materials and health: Research priorities for earth science and public health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, pp. 83-89.
Reid RM (1992). Cultural and medical perspectives on geophagia. Med. Anthropol. 13: 337-351.
Severance et al., (1988). Profound muscle weakness and hypokalemia due to clay ingestion. Southern Medical Journal, 81 (2): 272-27.
Hooda PS (2003). Soil ingestion affects the potential bioavailability of Ou, Mn and Zn. Proceedings of the 7ω International Conférence on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Eléments, Uppsala, Sweden, June 15-19, 2003. SP9o-Trace éléments issues in developing countries, pp. 8-11.
Callahan, CN (2003). Eating dirt, Emerging infectious Diseases Journal, 9(8): 1016-1021.
Brouillard M and Rateau JG (1989). Pourvoir d’adsorption de deux argilles, la smectitie a la kaolin sur des entérotoxins bactériennes. Gastroenterologie Clinique et Biologique, 13:18-24.
Claims (8)
1. A method of producing a compacted geophagic consumable comprising the following steps:
(i) collection of geophagic soil from a location as desired;
(ii) pulvérisation and sieving of the soil to remove particles of a size that are harmful for ingestion by a consumer;
(iii) stérilisation of the sieved soil;
(iv) mixing the sterilised soil with sterilised water to produce a paste;
(v) transferring the paste into a mould and compressing the paste in the mould to form a compacted geophagic consumable;
(vi) drying the compacted geophagic consumable in the mould overnight;
(vii) removing the dried, compacted geophagic consumable from the mould and optionally packaging the compacted geophagic consumable.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a step of analysing the geophagic soil for soil characteristics including soil composition, mineralogy, pH, and toxic compounds.
3. The method according to either claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising a step of adjusting the composition of the geophagic soil, and/or treating the geophagic soil to adjust the characteristics of the soil prior to further processing by the method of either claim 1 or claim 2.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pulvérisation is performed by means of an apparatus including a pestle and mortar.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the stérilisation is performed using a food pressure cooker according to the instructions for use of the pressure cooker such that the sterilised ·εοΐΓΪ5 free of micro-organisms and/or microbial spores.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the packaging is by vacuumpacking the compressed geophagic consumable into bags.
7. A dried, compacted geophagic consumable produced according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The dried, compacted geophagic consumable according to claim 7, which is shaped into an almond, round or square form, or is in the form of a bar, and optionally wherein the compressed shape includes a pattern thereon.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2019/05912 | 2019-09-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA19814A true OA19814A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
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