OA18575A - Stone crushing device. - Google Patents

Abstract

Crushing device, intended to break stones in order to reduce the grain size. This machine is used in the field of agriculture for the preparation of land containing large stones to be cultivable, in the field of public works for the preparation of roads, in the mining field, in the field of forestry works for the creation and the repair of forest roads and firebreaks, as well as for the crushing of excavation products for the pipe-line laying beds and their covering. The device is equipped with two jaws with teeth, a deflection plate, a cylinder, a rotor equipped with hammers of free movement supported for plates and secondary rotors allowing a higher number of impacts per unit of ramp on the stone, a percussion force limited by the velocity of the rotor and a mass of hammers fixed to the periphery of the rotor. The whole device makes it possible to crush and grind the stones according to a constant and precise granulometry.

Description

The present invention relates to the development of a grinding device, intended to break stones in order to reduce the particle size. This machine is used in the field of agriculture for the preparation of land containing large stones to be cultivable, in the field of public works for the preparation of 5 roads, in the mining field, in the field of forestry works for the creation and repair of forest and firebreak roads, as well as for the grinding of excavation products for the pipe-line laying beds and their covering.

In general, the term “crushing of minerals” is understood to mean the operation which consists in fractionating, in a crusher, coarse minerals obtained from a crusher and having dimensions of up to several centimeters. This operation plays a considerable role in many industries.

The various mineral crushers or more precisely stone crushers are most often made up of a box inside which is placed a rotor carrying hammers at its periphery distributed in several parallel rows. The rotor is rotated from the power take-off of the tractor unit or auxiliary motor. There are currently two main types of stone crushers or breakers on the market. The first is represented by machines with so-called mobile hammers, the second, by machines with so-called fixed hammers.

In the first case, the extrapolated design of the brush cutters imposes a high speed rotation in order to avoid the jamming phenomenon and to keep the hammers in the working position. The inertia effects thus generated are quite considerable and cause deterioration of power take-offs, transmission components, bearings, hammers, etc. Moreover, the frequent imbalance of their rotor quickly leads to the deterioration of the towed and tractor assembly. Another drawback is that the fragmentation obtained is quite coarse and often irregular.

In the second case, the fixity of the hammers at the periphery of the cylindrical wall of the rotor is obtained by bolting or by blocking of all kinds and jamming. The major drawback of stationary hammer mills resides in metallic foreign bodies such as lost teeth of agricultural tools, crawler tractor elements, etc. Introduced into the machine in motion, these foreign bodies cause inevitable breakages requiring them. very costly repairs: bent or broken rotor shaft, out of service rotor, broken bearing or bearing and any other damage to mechanical components that set the rotor in motion. In some cases the machine can be made completely out of use.

The object of the present invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the systems mentioned above by proposing a substantially constant power transmission, as well as a reduced cost of manufacture and maintenance. It proposes a grinding device, in particular stone grinding, of the type comprising a rotor equipped with 40 idler hammers at the periphery of the rotor, said rotor being driven in rotation by drive means comprising at least one pulley cooperating with at least two ... pulley drive belts integral with the rotor. The originality of this machine is that it has a rotor driven around an axis of rotation and made up of flanges i

perpendicular to said axis of rotation. The hammers are mounted in a removable manner on axes arranged parallel to the axis of rotation in openings of said flanges. Each hammer is kept fixed relative to said rotor by means of stopping rotation. The two anvil impact jaws are placed a short distance from the rotor and can be adjusted in position, so that the user can adapt the grain size of the stones after the passage of the crusher by changing the position of the anvil. The position of the anvil is adjusted by means of variable length with impact damping spring, for example mechanical and / or hydraulic jacks.

According to other advantageous characteristics of the invention, the elastic means are traction means with constant force pulling or pushing said sliding support towards the front of the frame of the device. They include tension springs working in elongation. The impact device has two jaw plates for returning coarse particles to the crushing rotor, while allowing finely crushed particles to settle on the surface of the crushing bed.

The drive means comprise an angle transmission at an output connected to drive pulleys of end pulleys of the grinding rotor, so as to drive the grinding rotor in a balanced and symmetrical manner. The grinding rotor has cross members having at least one channel conformation.

The free movement of the hammers allows for more impacts, saving production time. Each secondary rotor conformation is adapted for a wedge-shaped hammer attachment. Each hammer conformation receives a self-locking mechanical assembly. The self-locking mechanical assembly has two jointed parts independent of each part.

The present invention will be better understood in more detail with the aid of the device and the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 schematically represents a partial view of a grinding device;

FIG. 2 schematically represents a perspective view with removal of the fairing parts of a pulley device integral with the rotor;

FIG. 3 schematically represents an elevational view with partial section of a conveyor belt for crushed material;

The device according to the invention comprises a mechanically welded frame (19), a mechanically welded rotor (1) comprising flanges in the form of discs with the plates (14) assembled to a central shaft (1) and connected at the periphery by bars. transverse or secondary shaft (54). It comprises at least two hammers (2) embedded in the discs of the plates (14), two jaws (4 and 5) comprising teeth (6).

The mechanically welded frame (19) comprises front legs (29) each pierced with a passage hole (30) for a tension screw (31).

The tension screws (31) disposed on either side of the sliding support (19) each act on a lifting beam (33) for tensioning two springs, thus providing a balanced sliding and pulling assembly. 'front of the cradle (34) supporting the drive means.

The forward sliding of the cradle (34) is made possible by the fact that the cardan shaft (1) is a splined telescopic shaft, connecting the tractor intended to carry the mulching device by means of a coupling and the frame of the device carrying the sliding pads.

Each bar or secondary shaft (54) has a cylindrical or rectangular shape of steel suitable for fixing the crushing hammers (2).

Each crushing hammer (2) is mounted directly to the discs or plates (14) so as to send the stones against the jaws (4 and 5). This fixing ensures lateral and radial strength of the hammers (2), so as to withstand centrifugal forces during the rotation of the rotor (1) and to shocks, in particular to crushing shocks.

The two jaws are fixed to the body of the device by nuts with limited filtering. The jaws serve to achieve the various calibrations and also serve as impact plates for the stones.

An anvil (38) formed by a beam provided with a wear edge moves under the action of two hydraulic or manual jacks (7) arranged symmetrically with respect to the vertical median plane of the device. The anvil (38) cooperates with the jaws (4 and 5) to grind stones to the required particle size. The adjustment of the desired particle size is obtained by moving the anvil (38) using a manual or hydraulic or manual control operable directly from the tractor for which the device is intended.

The device also includes a plate for deflecting (4) and returning the coarse particles (11) to the grinding rotor, while allowing the finely ground particles to settle on the surface of the grinding bed. It is essential for the construction of a crusher thanks to the jack (7) which acts as a jaw regulator. Coarse particles with a particle size greater than a predetermined dimension are projected directly onto the impact plates (4 and 5) as well as onto the bottom of the grinding bed and of the screen, behind the conveyor belt (28). This arrangement makes it possible to use the device in all applications, not only agricultural or public works applications, preparation of surfaces for sodding, but also applications for burying fluid transport pipelines, or protective pipelines for transmission lines. telecommunication and in the. mining and quarrying. _______. .

Removable supports are advantageously provided for the movement of the device relative to the ground, these wearing parts preferably being made of abrasion resistant steel.

An expansion flap hydraulically actuated by displacement of a suitable cylinder (7) is provided to adjust the outlet section of the crushed products and prevent any unwanted projection behind the crushing device.

Referring to the figures, a rectangular section channel-shaped device crossbar (52) is shown to illustrate the attachment of hammers to the rotor. First of all, the inclined ramp (13) is mounted on the previously severed part of the plate (14).

This fixing allows the damping of the hammer (2) at the bottom of the sectioned part of the plate. The ramp (13) is in this example a double ramp comprising a vertical median part, so as to provide a lateral bearing surface and a radial bearing surface during the movement of the rotor.

The flange (52) is then positioned in the form of a double wedge with the two hammers and the assembly thus produced is tightened using the through screws provided with the double nuts, so as to prevent any loosening.

The spring steel plate (4) thus performs the dual function of damping radial vibrations and shocks to the hammer and resilient action in the manner of a spring washer to prevent loosening of the screws.

The assembly thus produced can be used for grinding devices of at least two rows of hammers making it possible to obtain a grinding rotor balanced in rotation, without however constituting a limitation to the grinding process carried out thanks to the invention.

The fixing made ensures complete solidity of the hammers with the rotor, whatever the speed of rotation of the rotor. Due to the wedge effect blocking the whole assembly, replacement of hammers can be done directly on a job site after unscrewing the fixing screws and applying a shock with an inertia tool to eliminate the wedge effect blocking the assembly. After eliminating this jamming effect, the constituent parts can be easily removed without the use of other tools.

The grinding device according to the invention allows extremely fine grinding. The adjustment to obtain the desired calibration is done from the jaws. A calibration from 5 to 15 mm is done thanks to the jaw 2 and from 15 mm to 25 mm thanks to the jaw

1.

The force applied by the hammers during crushing and the power transmitted by the x primary pulleys to the rotor end pulleys remains constant, which provides a constant quality of crushing for all the applications envisaged.

The arrangement of a deflection shock plate described above makes it possible to use the device according to the invention in all applications, not only agricultural or public works applications, but also applications for burrowing fluid transport pipes, or protection pipes for telecommunication lines.

Claims (5)

1. A grinding device, in particular for crushing stones, characterized in that it is equipped with two jaws (4,5) with teeth, a deflection plate (4), at least one cylinder (7), a rotor equipped free movement hammers (2) 5 supported for plates (14) and secondary rotors allowing a higher number of impacts per unit of ramp (13) on the stone, a percussion force limited by the velocity of the rotor and a mass of hammers (2) fixed in periphery of the rotor, said rotor (1) being driven in rotation by drive means comprising at least one pulley cooperating with at least two pulley drive belts integral with the rotor, the drive means of which are mounted on a sliding support moved by elastic means in the direction corresponding to a substantially constant belt tension and power transmission. 2. Device according to claim 1 characterized in that the force applied by the 15 hammers during crushing and the power transmitted by the primary pulleys to the rotor end pulleys remains constant, providing a constant quality of crushing and allowing for a particle size of 5 to 15 mm, 15 to 25 mm. 3. Device according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that a shutter 20 manual actuation by displacement of a suitable cylinder allows the adjustment of the outlet section of the crushed products in order to avoid any unwanted projection. 4. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive means comprise an angle transmission with two outputs each connected to drive pulleys of the end pulleys of the 25 grinding rotor, so as to drive the grinding rotor in a balanced and symmetrical manner. 5. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device comprises a plate for deflecting and returning the coarse particles to the grinding rotor, while allowing the particles 30 finely ground to settle on the surface of the grinding bed