OA13176A - Water/hydrocarbon emulsified fuel preparation and use thereof. - Google Patents
Water/hydrocarbon emulsified fuel preparation and use thereof. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- OA13176A OA13176A OA1200500344A OA1200500344A OA13176A OA 13176 A OA13176 A OA 13176A OA 1200500344 A OA1200500344 A OA 1200500344A OA 1200500344 A OA1200500344 A OA 1200500344A OA 13176 A OA13176 A OA 13176A
- Authority
- OA
- OAPI
- Prior art keywords
- fuel according
- alcohol
- fuel
- ester
- fatty acid
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an emulsified fuel, comprising a major fraction of an emulsion of water and liquid hydrocarbons with a weight ratio of water/hydrocarbons of 5 / 95 to 35 / 65, characterised in containing an emulsifying system with at least 15 % by weight of a fatty acid ester and polyoxyalkylated glycerol with at least one component of the group formed by the esters of fatty acids and sorbitan and the products of condensation of a succinic acid or anhydride with at least one amine, polyamine, fatty acid, polyoxyalkylated fatty acid, alcohol, polyoxyalkylated alcohol and mixtures of the above. The invention further relates to a method for production of such an emulsified fuel, a composition of emulsifying additives for such an emulsified fuel, a method for improvement of the thermal stability of an emulsified fuel by means of use such an additive composition, as well as the use of such an emulsified fuel as engine fuel.
Claims (44)
1. An emulsified fuel containing a major proportion of an emulsion of water and of liquid hydrocarbons with a water/hydrocarbons weight ratio ranging from 5/95 to 35/65, characterized in that it contains an emulsifying system comprising at least 15 wt. % of an ester of fatty acid and of polyoxyalkylated polyol wherein the polyol is an alcohol chosen from alkyl-ene glycols, glycerol, pentaerythritol, their alkylated derivatives and their mixtures, and of at least one member of the group formed by the esters of fatty acid and of sorbitan and the products of condensation of a succinic acid or anhydride with at least one amine, polyamine, fatty acid, (poly)oxyalkylated fatty acid, alcohol, (poly)oxyalkylated alcohol and mixtures of these compounds .
2. The fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acids included in the composition of the sorbitan esters are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and contain from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
3. The fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that said fatty acids are selected from lauric, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic acids and mixtures thereof .
4. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in . that said sorbitan esters include at least one sorbitan oleate.
5. The fuel according to claim 4, characterized in that said esters include at least one ester selected from sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan sesquioleate.
6. The fuel according. to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fatty acids included in the composition of the polyol ester are linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, and contain from 6 to 22 carbon atoms.
7. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fatty acids included in the composition of the polyol ester are selected from the fatty acids that occur naturally, in free or esterified form, in vegetable and/or animal oils.
8. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyoxyalkyl groups present in the polyol ester are a chain of identical or different oxyalkyl units, each oxyalkyl unit containing from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
9. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyoxyalkyl groups present in the polyol ester contain at least one polyethoxy group.
10. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, for the polyol ester, the average number of moles of oxyalkyl units per mole of ester is between 3 and 50.
11. The fuel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that, when the fatty acid included in the composition of the polyol ester is glycerol, the average number of moles of oxyalkyl units per mole of ester is between 10 and 35.
12. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol ester is constituted completely or partially of a triester of fatty acid(s) and of polyoxylalkylated glycerol or of a mixture of said triesters.
13. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol ester is constituted completely or partially of oxyalkylated vegetable and/or animal oil.
14. The fuel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the polyol ester is constituted completely or partially of ethoxylated vegetable oil.
15. The fuel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the vegetable oil is selected from colza oil, soya oil, castor oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, oils extracted from resinous trees and mixtures of said oils.
16. The fuel according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the polyol ester is a diester of polyalkoxylated alkylene glycol and more particularly the dioleate of polyethoxylated ethylene glycol, with molecular weight between 200 and 1000.
17. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polyol ester is present at a content varying from 0.5 to 5 wt.%, preferably from 0.5 to 2 wt.%.
18. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifying system contains from 15 to 100 wt.% of at least one polyol ester, and of at least one member of the group comprising sorbitan ester and the products of condensation of a succinic acid or anhydride with at least one amine, . polyamine, fatty acid, (poly)oxyalkylated fatty acid, alcohol, (poly)oxyalkylated alcohol and mixtures of these compounds .
19. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifying system contains from 15 to 100 wt. % of . at least one sorbitan . ester combined with at least one polyol ester in a weight ratio sorbitan ester/polyol ester varying from 20/80 to 80/20.
20. The fuel according to claim 20, characterized in that, in the emulsifying system, the weight ratio sorbitan ester/polyol ester varies from 40/60 to 60/40.
21. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said at least one member of the group comprising the esters of fatty acid and of sorbitan and the condensation products is present at a content varying from 0.5 to 5 wt.%, preferably from 0.5 to 2 wt.%.
22. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifying system contains from 0 to 85 wt.% of at least one product of condensation of a succinic acid or anhydride with at least one amine, polyamine, fatty acid, (poly)oxyalkylated fatty acid, alcohol, (poly)oxyalkylated alcohol and mixtures of these compounds .
23. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifying system contains from 15 to 85 wt.% of at least.one polyol ester and from 85 to 15% of at least one condensation product.
24. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the succinic acid or anhydride of the condensation product is substituted by a hydrocarbon radical which is preferably a polymeric radical, notably a polyisobutyl radical.
25. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifying system contains from 20 to 50 wt. % of at least, one polyol ester and from 50 to 80% of at least one condensation product.
26. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the emulsifying system also comprises at least one alcohol containing from 3 to 22 carbon atoms.
27. The fuel according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the alcohol comprises at least one saturated branched alcohol.
28. The fuel according to claims 27 or 28, characterized in that the weight ratios alcohol/polyol ester and alcohol/sorbitan ester are identical or different and both are less than or equal to 1.
29. The fuel according to any one of claims 27 to 29, characterized in that it contains from 0.1 to 5 wt. % of said alcohol.
0., The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydrocarbon phase comprises one or more hydrocarbon fractions selected from the gasoline fractions, middle distillates such as for example kerosene fractions and gas oil fractions, biofuels, and mixtures of said fractions.
31. The fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the hydrocarbon phase comprises one or more fractions selected from intermediate vacuum distillates, heavy vacuum distillates, distillation residues and mixtures of said fractions.
32. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its sulfur content, determined according to standard NF M 07-100, is less than or equal to 1 wt.%, preferably less than or equal to 0.2 wt.%, and even more preferably less than or equal to 0.1 wt.%, very advantageously less than or equal to 10 ppm.
33. The fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it additionally comprises at least one cetane number improver, notably selected from the organic or inorganic nitrates, the organic peroxides and mixtures of these two types of compounds.
34. A method of preparation of an emulsified fuel according to any one of the preceding claims, by forming an emulsion of hydrocarbons and water, in the presence of the emulsifying system and some or all of the other possible additives.
35. The method according to claim 35, by mixing the emulsifying system with the hydrocarbon phase, then passing the resulting mixture one or more times through an emulsor system supplied with the water necessary for forming the emulsion.
36. The method according to claim 35, comprising the following stages: (al) premixing of the water and the emulsifying system, followed by dispersion in the hydrocarbon phase, or (a2) simultaneous mixing of the hydrocarbon phase with the water and the emulsifying agent, then (b) emulsion formation proper, by means of a suitable device, selected for example from rotor-stators, emulsors, static mixers, in-line turbine systems, and ultrasonic ' shakers.
37. A composition of emulsifying additives comprising 15 wt.% of . at least one fatty acid ester of (poly)oxyalkylated polyol, and of at least one member of the group comprising the esters of fatty acid and of sorbitan and the products of condensation of a succinic acid or anhydride with at least one amine, polyamine, fatty acid, (poly)oxyalkylated fatty acid, alcohol, (poly)oxyalkylated alcohol, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 17, 19 to 21 and 23 to 26.
38. The additive composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it also comprises at least one alcohol containing from 3 to 22 carbon atoms .
39. The additive composition according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the alcohol comprises at least one saturated branched alcohol.
40. The additive composition according to claims 38 or 39, characterized in that the weight ratios alcohol/polyol ester and alcohol/sorbitan ester are identical or different and both are less than or equal to 1.
41. The additive composition according to any one of claims 37 to 40, comprising at least one cetane number improver selected from the organic or inorganic nitrates, the organic peroxides and mixtures of these two types of compounds.
42. The additive composition according to any one of claims 37 to 40, in the form of a mixture of the additives, or in the form of a concentrated solution of said additives in a suitable solvent.
43. A method of improving the thermal stability of an emulsified water/liquid hydrocarbons fuel, by using a composition of emulsifying additives according to any one of. claims 37 to 42.
44. The use of an emulsified fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 34 as fuel for heat engines or fuel cells, or as fuel for thermal machines such as for example industrial or domestic boilers, furnaces, turbines, generators.
45. The use of an emulsified fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 33 as diesel engine fuel or as fuel for domestic boilers.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0306614A FR2855525B1 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2003-06-02 | WATER / HYDROCARBON EMULSIFIABLE FUEL, PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| OA13176A true OA13176A (en) | 2006-12-13 |
Family
ID=33427594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| OA1200500344A OA13176A (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2004-06-01 | Water/hydrocarbon emulsified fuel preparation and use thereof. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060075680A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1636326A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2006526680A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1798825A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0410865A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2527324A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2855525B1 (en) |
| OA (1) | OA13176A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004108864A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006105306A2 (en) * | 2005-03-29 | 2006-10-05 | Arizona Chemical Company | Compostions containing fatty acids and/or derivatives thereof and a low temperature stabilizer |
| EP2010631A4 (en) * | 2006-04-27 | 2010-03-17 | New Generation Biofuels Inc | Biofuel composition and method of producing a biofuel |
| FR2925909B1 (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2010-09-17 | Total France | BIFUNCTIONAL ADDITIVES FOR LIQUID HYDROCARBONS OBTAINED BY GRAFTING FROM COPOLYMERS OF ETHYLENE AND / OR PROPYLENE AND VINYL ESTERS |
| SG169258A1 (en) * | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-30 | Singapore Emulsion Fuel Pte Ltd | Fuel additive compositions and methods for making the same and emulsion fuel comprising the fuel additive compositions |
| AP2013007214A0 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2013-10-31 | Fuelina Inc | Hybrid fuel and method of making the same |
| GB201111029D0 (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-08-10 | Danisco | Composition |
| US9109179B2 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2015-08-18 | Broadleaf Energy, LLC | Renewable biofuel |
| CN103923714A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-16 | 冯崇谦 | Nanometer emulsified clean diesel fuel |
| CN103074128A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-01 | 九峰能源科技（上海）有限公司 | Water/hydrocarbon emulsion fuel |
| CN103468330B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2016-01-13 | 清华大学 | A kind of oil engine full distillate fuel and application thereof |
| US9398864B2 (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2016-07-26 | The Nielsen Company (Us), Llc | Methods and apparatus to gather and analyze electroencephalographic data |
| MX2017007234A (en) | 2014-12-03 | 2018-04-10 | Univ Drexel | Direct incorporation of natural gas into hydrocarbon liquid fuels. |
| GB201721960D0 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-02-07 | Bp Oil Int | Methods for preparing fuel additives |
| CN110105991B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2021-07-30 | 天津中安信业集团有限公司 | Terahertz water-based fuel additive for emission reduction and fuel saving of gasoline vehicles and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU81921A1 (en) * | 1979-11-22 | 1981-06-04 | Labofina Sa | FUEL COMPOSITIONS FOR A DIESEL ENGINE AND PROCESS FOR PREPARING THE SAME |
| FR2746106B1 (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1998-08-28 | EMULSIFIED FUEL AND ONE OF ITS PROCESSES | |
| US6652607B2 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2003-11-25 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Concentrated emulsion for making an aqueous hydrocarbon fuel |
| WO2001051593A1 (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2001-07-19 | Cam Tecnologie S.P.A. | Fuel comprising an emulsion between water and a liquid hydrocarbon |
| ITMI20011002A1 (en) * | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-16 | Ind Generali S P A | COMPOSITIONS FOR ECOLOGICAL FUELS PREPARATION PROCEDURES AND THE USE OF THEM |
| TW589369B (en) * | 2001-07-11 | 2004-06-01 | Kune-Muh Tsai | Emulsion fuel oil additive |
| GB0124117D0 (en) * | 2001-10-08 | 2001-11-28 | Ici Plc | Fuel emulsion |
-
2003
- 2003-06-02 FR FR0306614A patent/FR2855525B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-06-01 BR BRPI0410865-5A patent/BRPI0410865A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-06-01 OA OA1200500344A patent/OA13176A/en unknown
- 2004-06-01 CN CNA2004800152988A patent/CN1798825A/en active Pending
- 2004-06-01 US US10/525,328 patent/US20060075680A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-01 CA CA002527324A patent/CA2527324A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-01 JP JP2006508347A patent/JP2006526680A/en active Pending
- 2004-06-01 WO PCT/FR2004/001343 patent/WO2004108864A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-01 EP EP04767218A patent/EP1636326A2/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2855525B1 (en) | 2005-07-08 |
| FR2855525A1 (en) | 2004-12-03 |
| WO2004108864A2 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
| JP2006526680A (en) | 2006-11-24 |
| BRPI0410865A (en) | 2006-07-04 |
| WO2004108864A3 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| EP1636326A2 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
| CN1798825A (en) | 2006-07-05 |
| US20060075680A1 (en) | 2006-04-13 |
| CA2527324A1 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
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