NZ796408A - Terpene enrichment methods and systems - Google Patents
Terpene enrichment methods and systemsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ796408A NZ796408A NZ796408A NZ79640818A NZ796408A NZ 796408 A NZ796408 A NZ 796408A NZ 796408 A NZ796408 A NZ 796408A NZ 79640818 A NZ79640818 A NZ 79640818A NZ 796408 A NZ796408 A NZ 796408A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- mixture
- water
- sealed container
- extractor
- Prior art date
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides methods and systems producing active extraction products from cannabis resin. An example method comprises introducing a mixture of a resin and an extractor into a sealed container, heating the mixture to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the resin, adding water to the mixture, cooking the mixture and water, for example at high temperature and pressure for a predetermined time period to decarboxylate the cannabinoids, allowing the mixture and water to cool and separate, and removing an active extraction product from an upper portion of the sealed container.
Description
The present disclosure provides methods and systems producing active extraction products from
cannabis resin. An example method comprises ucing a e of a resin and an extractor
into a sealed container, heating the mixture to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from the resin,
adding water to the mixture, cooking the mixture and water, for example at high ature and
pressure for a predetermined time period to decarboxylate the cannabinoids, allowing the mixture
and water to cool and separate, and removing an active extraction product from an upper portion
of the sealed container.
NZ 796408
October 2019 2019
TERPENE ENRICHMENT METHODS AND SYSTEMS
Cross Reference to Related Application
This application claims the benefit of priority of US. Provisional Patent
Application No. 62/578,971 filed r 30, 2017, which is hereby incorporated herein
by reference in its entirety.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to extraction and decarboxylation of
nds from cannabis.
Background
Cannabis contains many compounds of medicinal and commercial
significance, including cannabinoids and terpenes. A large fraction (often >50%) of the
terpenes are lost upon drying of the plant. Most tions rely on dried material to
make final products which s in a significant loss of terpenes before extractions.
Furthermore, current solvent extraction processes, such as ethanol extraction, lose
much of the terpenes during extraction. Finally, is products which intend to use
the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids must undergo a decarboxylation process, and
optional winterization and work up steps, and this can cause further terpene losses.
The inventors have determined a need for ed methods and systems
for extraction of compounds from cannabis.
Summary
One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of producing
active extraction products from cannabis resin. The method comprises introducing a
e of a resin and an tor into a sealed container, heating the mixture to extract
cannabinoids and terpenes from the resin; adding water to the mixture, cooking the
mixture and water at temperature in a range of imately 90-140 Celsius under a
for a period
pressure in a range of approximately 0-420 kPa over atmospheric pressure
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October 2019 252019
water
of about 1-25 hours to decarboxylate the cannabinoids, allowing the mixture and
extraction
to cool and separate for a period of about 8—24 hours, and removing an active
product from an upper portion of the sealed container.
The extraction product may comprise a terpene to cannabinoid ratio by
mass in the range of about 1:1 to 1:20. Terpenes may comprise at least 5% of active
compounds in the active extraction t. When made from fresh cannabis resin, the
active extraction product can be enriched in terpenes by up to 150% as compared to the
e content of dried is of the same cultivar.
In some embodiments the method comprises filtering resin from the
mixture after extracting cannabinoids and terpenes. In some embodiments filtering
resin occurs prior to cooking the mixture.
In some embodiments the extractor comprises an edible lipid. In some
embodiments the extractor comprises a hydrophobic organic solvent. In some
embodiments the method comprises evaporating solvent and removing residues from
the extraction product.
In some embodiments the method comprises removing a al mixture
from a bottom n of the sealed container and separating water and extractor from
the residual mixture to produce a secondary extraction product. In some embodiments
the method comprises introducing the secondary extraction product into the sealed
container with the mixture.
Further aspects of the invention and details of example embodiments are
set forth below.
Drawings
The following figures set forth embodiments in which like reference
numerals denote like parts. Embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not by
way of limitation in the accompanying s.
Figure 1 shows an e container for carrying cut a method of
producing a terpene-rich extraction t according to one embodiment of the t
disclosure.
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October 2019 252019
Figure 2 shows another e container for carrying out a method of
producing a terpene—rich extraction product according to one embodiment of the present
disclosure.
Figure 2A is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Figure 2.
Figure 28 is a side view of the container of Figure 2.
Figure 2C is a top view of the container of Figure 2.
Figure 3A shows terpene content of dry is and extraction products
made by example methods according to the present disclosure for different strains.
Figure 3B shows the tage of terpene increase from dry cannabis to
extraction ts made by example s according to the present disclosure for
different strains.
Figure 3C shows the distribution of terpene contents for dry cannabis
strains and extraction products made by example methods according to the present
disclosure.
Detailed Description
- The following disclosure provides methods and associated apparatus and
systems for ng terpene rich cannabis extracts from is resin in a single
vessel reaction. In some embodiments, the starting material used is cannabis resin
separated from fresh or frozen plant al. In some embodiments, the cannabinoids
are decarboxylated while still in a mixture with the terpenes, resin and an extractor.
Certain embodiments provide s and systems for producing
decarboxylated extraction products (sometimes referred to as “orally active" extraction
ts, or simply “active” extraction products). As described in detail below, starting
from fresh or frozen cannabis (plant matter or physically separated cannabis resin) an
extract can be made which s a higher proportion of terpenes to cannabinoids than
are found in dried is material or the extracts made thereof. Even starting from
material that is dried, the extraction and decarboxylation process will retain more
terpenes than typical cannabis extraction processes. Fresh is is infused directly
into a solvent or edible food matrix and decarboxylated, and final oil separated in a
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October 2019 252019
single pressurized extraction vessel. Oil is filtered and ted from any water
remaining.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, reference numerals may be
repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or ous elements.
Numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of the examples described
herein. The examples may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-
known methods, procedures, and components are not described in detail to avoid
obscuring the examples described. The description is not to be considered as limited to
the scope of the examples described herein.
In an example method according to the present disclosure, fresh is
resin, also known as bubble hash, is used as a starting material for an extraction
process. As described below, the resin is mixed with an extractor comprising either a
hobic organic solvent or an edible lipid such as coconut oil. In example
embodiments, the mixture of resin and extractor is'heated, and then separated under
particular conditions to produce a final active product which has a relatively high level of
terpenes compared to products produced by other methods using the same starting
material. In other words, certain embodiments provide extraction methods that result in
less terpene loss than other s typically employed in the art.
The extracts with the highest concentration of terpenes from a particular
batch of cannabis will be produced from cannabis resin made from fresh cannabis
material which is utilized for extraction directly after harvest (or which is frozen directly
after harvest and utilized for extraction later). The cannabis resin may, for example, be
obtained by sing plant material as described in International Patent ation
No. , which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
After being made into bubble hash, or cannabis resin, the resin may be
ved into solvent or oil immediately for sing by s according to the
present disclosure or may be frozen for future use. In some embodiments, the ratio (by
mass) of resin to tor is in the range of about 121.5 to 1:3 if the tor is an
edible oil, or about 1:2 to 1:10 if the extractor is a hobic organic solvent.
The resin and extractor are placed into a sealed container. Figure 1
shows an e container 100 for carrying out an extraction process according to the
AMENDED SHEET
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2018/051374
October 2019 2019
present disclosure. The container 100 comprises a sealed housing 110, having an
agitator 120 and a pressure and temperature controller 130. The housing 110 has an
input port 112 for receiving the resin/extractor mixture, a water inlet port 114 for
receiving water, a product port 116 for removal of terpene enriched extracts, and an
outlet port 118 for removal of water and remaining resin/extractor. A resin output hatch
119 may be provided at the bottom of the container 119 for removing settled resins- from
the g 110, for example at the end of a batch process.
In the illustrated example, the agitator 120 comprises a motor 122, shaft
124 and impeller 126. The or 120 may take different forms in other embodiments.
The resin and extractor are mixed in the ner 100 by the agitator 120
to create a resin/extractor mixture, which is heated to extract cannabis material
binoids and es). In some ments, the extractor mixture is
heated for about 20-60 minutes before filtering any resin or adding any water, as
described below. In some embodiments, some or all of the depleted resin can
optionally be filtered out of the mixture at this point in the process. For example, in
situations where there is a lot of resin present, some of the resin may be filtered out
before decarboxylation and may be further dissolved in the same tor after
decarboxylation. In some embodiments, depleted resin can optionally be filtered out
after decarboxylation.
To decarboxylate, water is added to the mixture at a 1:1 ratio (by mass)
with the oil or solvent. The mixture of cannabis resin/extractor/water (or extractor/water
if resin is already filtered out) is cooked at a temperature in a range of approximately 90-
140 Celsius under pressure in a range of approximately 0—420 kPa above atmospheric
pressure for a time period of about 1-24 hours to decarboxylate the cannabinoids. In
some embodiments, the mixture of cannabis resin/extractor/water is cooked at a
temperature of approximately 125 Celsius under pressure in a range of approximately
0-150 kPa (or approximately 80 kPa in some examples) above atmospheric pressure for
a time period of about 2-3 hours. After cooking, the mixture is typically left to cool for
about 8-24 hours after the cooking period.
After the mixture has separated, the oil or solvent at the top of the
container will form a high-quality extraction t, and is removed from the container
AMENDED SHEET
October 2019 252019
100, for example by ing or siphoning h the product port 116. Water may
be added to the bottom of the container 100 through the water inlet port 114 to raise a
level of an interface between the top layer ting of the high-quality extraction
product and a lower layer with the water/resin to near the level of the product port 116.
Any suitable process may be used for removing the extraction product from the upper
portion of the container, so long as it does not include any, or at least no significant
amount, of the resin or water at the bottom of the container. For example, in some
embodiments the layer of high quality extraction product may be removed from the
container 100 by a pipette or by using a beaker to decant the extraction product. The
extraction product may also be passed through a filter in some embodiments.
If an edible oil was used, the extraction product removed from the product
port 116 is the final product and will be the most terpene rich extract. If a solvent was
used then the solvent is evaporated, and es removed to create the final product,
but this s in some terpene loss. These extraction products (whether ed
using either edible oil or solvent as the extractor) are considered the highest quality and
should not have any residual water and are referred to herein as “primary extraction
The remaining residual mixture of extractor, resin and water leftover after
decanting is removed from the container 100, for example through the outlet port 118,
then passed through a filter and the resin removed from the water and extractor. Water
and extractor are separated in a funnel. The ing oil or extract is considered
second quality and contains residual water and is referred to herein as a “secondary
extraction product”.
The secondary tion product can be dried with a drying agent, or
heated with more water again and first quality siphoned off to turn it into a higher y
product of similar quality to the primary extraction products. The ary extraction
product can also be added'to the start of a new production cycle as part of the extractor
input
Resin that has been separated by filtration (either before or after
decarboxylation) will often still contain up to 5% cannabinoids when dried (usually 1-3%)
and can be used as a flour substitute for making cannabis edibles.
AMENDED SHEET
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October 2019 252019
s 2, 2A, 28 and 2C show another example container 200 for
ng out an extraction process according to the present disclosure. The container
200 comprises a sealed housing 210, having a lid 212 with a pressure relief valve 213
thereon. The lid 212 can be opened to receive resin and extractor, and is held closed
by closures 211. An or can be inserted into the interior of the housing 210 to mix
the resin and tor while the lid 212 is open. The g has an input port 214 in a
lower side portion thereof, a product output 216 in an upper side n f, and an
outlet port 218 and the bottom thereof. In some embodiments the outlet port 218
includes a built-in valVe. In some embodiments the outlet port 218 es a built-in
filter.
The. housing 210 also has a viewing window 219 along the side thereof.
The viewing window 219 is positioned to e a user with a view of the contents of
the interior of the housing 210 from a height of the product output 216 to a
predetermined height below the product output 216, such that the user can see the
height of a top layer of high—quality extraction product on top of the separated mixture.
In some embodiments, the container 200 also has heating elements 220
built into the walls f. The walls of the container may be insulated in some
embodiments.
in an example operation, resin and extractor are added through the open
lid 212, and optionally mixed manually or by means of an agitator apparatus. In some
embodiments, the resin and extractor may be heated while mixing to create a mostly
homogeneous solution. The lid 212 is closed, water is added and the mixture is
cooked to decarboxylate the cannabinoids. The mixture may be cooked, for example
under high temperature and high pressure as described above. After the cook,
pressure is ed via a tee connected near 213, and then additional water is
introduced through port 214 to raise the liquid level until the bottom of the top layer of
high-quality extraction product gets near the product port 216 so that the oil exits
through the product port 216. Once, the high-quality product has been removed, the
remaining material is removed by opening the outlet port 218. The material may be
removed by a combination of gravity and compressed air introduced through port 216.
AMENDED SHEET
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October 2019 2019
After the material has been removed, the lid 212 is opened up for access for cleaning
the interior of the container 200.
In some embodiments, the high quality extraction t has a terpene to
inoid ratio (by mass) in the range of 1:20 to 1:5, although this ratio may vary
depending on the strain(s) of cannabis used for the starting material. For example,
Figures 3A to 3C illustrate results of a comparison between a high-quality extraction
product made using resin from fresh/frozen product of a variety of cultivars or strains
using coconut oil as the extractor, and dried plant material of the same cultivar/strain‘.
Figure 3A shows terpene content of dry cannabis and extraction ts made by
example methods according to the present disclosure, and Figure 3B shows the
percentage of e increase from dry cannabis to tion products made by
example methods according to the present disclosure, for a variety of ent strains of
cannabis. Dry cannabis from different strains can have different terpene to cannabinoid
ratios, and the terpene to cannabinoid ratio for extraction products made by example
methods according to the present disclosure do not necessarily correspond to the
terpene to cannabinoid ratio for dry cannabis. For example, the “Dancehall” strain has
one of the lowest terpene to cannabinoid ratios of those tested for dry cannabis and
of the highest terpene to cannabinoid ratios for the extraction product (and therefore has
the highest percentage enrichment), whereas the “CBD Shark" strain has a slightly
higher (in comparison to Dancehall) terpene to inoid ratio for dry cannabis but a
significantly lower terpene to cannabinoid ratio for the extraction product (and has the
lowest tage enrichment). However, as illustrated in Figure 3C, which shows the
distribution of terpene contents for dry cannabis s and extraction products made
by example methods according to the t disclosure, the extraction products from
all strains tested in the illustrated example have higher terpene to cannabinoid ratios
than any of the dry cannabis.
In some ments, the high quality extraction product may have a
terpene to cannabinoid ratio (by mass) of about 1:1 when ng with a strain with high
terpene content and low cannabinoid content. Dry cannabis typically has a terpene to
cannabinoid ratio of about 1:15, and extracts produced by prior art t based
techniques often have terpene to cannabinoid ratios of about 1:75 or lower. The
AMENDED SHEET
October 2019 2019
extraction products created by methods according to the present sure are thus
significantly terpene enriched compared to certain prior art products.
It will be appreciated that numerous specific details are set forth in order
to provide a thorough understanding of the exemplary embodiments described herein.
r, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments
described herein may be practiced t these specific details. In other instances,
well—known methods, procedures and components have not been bed in detail so
as not to obscure the embodiments bed herein. Furthermore, this description
not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein in any
of the various example
way, but rather as merely describing implementation
embodiments described herein.
The description provides many example embodiments of the inventive
subject . Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive
elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations
of the disclosed elements. Thus if one ment comprises elements A, B, and C,
and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive t
matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even
if not explicitly disclosed.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing
disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible to the methods and systems
described . While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been
discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications,
permutations, ons and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the
following appended claims and claims ter introduced are interpreted to include all
such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as may reasonably
be inferred by one skilled in the art. The scope of the claims should not be limited by the
ments set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation
consistent with the foregoing disclosure.
The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without
departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The bed embodiments are to
be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive.
AMENDED SHEET
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October 2019 252019
Claims (18)
1. A method of producing active extraction products from cannabis resin, the method comprising: introducing a mixture of a resin and an extractor into a sealed container; heating the mixture in the sealedcontainer to extract cannabinoids and terpenes from‘the resin to e an extracted mixture; adding water to the extracted mixture in the sealed container; decarboxylating the inoids by cooking the extracted mixture and water in the sealed container at a temperature in a range of approximately 90 to 140 Celsius under a pressure of up to approximately 420 kPa over atmospheric pressure for a period of about 1-25 hours; allowing the mixture and water to cool and separate in the sealed container for a period of about 8-24 hours; and removing an active extraction t from an upper portion of the sealed
2. The method of claim 1 wherein oxylating the cannabinoids by cooking the extracted mixture and water comprises cooking at a temperature of approximately 125 Celsius and a re of up to 150 kPa over atmospheric pressure.
3. The method of claim 2 comprising cooking at a pressure of imately 80 kPa over atmospheric pressure for a period of 2—3 hours.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the extraction product comprises a terpene to inoid ratio by mass in the range 0f about 1:20 to 1:1.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein terpenes comprise at least 5% of active compounds in the active extraction product. AMENDED SHEET 25 October 2019 252019
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5 comprising filtering resin from the mixture after extracting cannabinoids and terpenes.
7. The method of claim 6 wherein filtering resin occurs prior to cooking the mixture.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the extractor comprises an edible lipid.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the extractor comprises a hydrophobic c solvent.
10. The method of claim 9 comprising evaporating solvent and removing es from the extraction product.
11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein adding water to the ted mixture comprises adding water in a 1:1 ratio (by mass) with the extractor.
12. The method of any one of claims 1 to 11 comprising removing a al mixture from a bottom portion of the sealed container and separating water and extractor from the residual mixture to produce a secondary extraction product.
13. The method of claim 12 comprising introducing the secondary extraction product into the sealed container with the mixture.
14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13 comprising obtaining the resin for the mixture by separating the resin from fresh plant material.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein the resin is mixed with the extractor immediately after separating the resin from fresh plant material. AMENDED SHEET 25 October 2019 2019
16. The method of any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the sealed container has an inlet port in a lower portion thereof and a product port in the upper portion thereof, and wherein removing the active extraction product from the upper n of the sealed container Comprises introducing additional water into the inlet port until a height of a bottom of a top layer of the active extraction t is near a height of the product port.
17. An apparatus for producing active extraction products from is resin, the apparatus comprising: a sealed housing having a le opening in a top thereof for receiving resin and extractor; an inlet port in a lower side portion of the sealed housing for receiving water; a product port in an upper side portion of the sealed housing for removing high- quality active extraction product; an outlet port in a bottom of the sealed housing; and a viewing window positioned to provide a user with a view of materials in an interior of the sealed housing from a height of the product port to a predetermined height below the t port.
18. A method of producing active extraction products from cannabis resin, the method comprising: introducing fresh cannabis resin, an edible lipid and water into a sealed extracting cannabinoids and terpenes from the fresh cannabis resin in the sealed container; decarboxylating the cannabinoids by cooking the fresh cannabis resin, edible lipid and water in the sealed container at a temperature in a range of approximately 90 to 140 Celsius under a pressure of up to approximately 420 kPa over atmospheric pressure for a period of about 1-25 hours; alloWing the mixture and water to cool and separate in the sealed container for a period of about 8-24 hours; and AMENDED SHEET “A“-.p. _7J.,A,.,t. ,.. K;.:..._,:r.n «Mm. :.u.— a” .di —\~.-~ r.i«.....Y,.m,—.4m f
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US62/578,971 | 2017-10-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ796408A true NZ796408A (en) | 2023-01-27 |
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