NZ725871A - Supporting structure for solar panels - Google Patents

Abstract

support structure for solar panels (6) comprising two or more circular and concentric tracks or rails (1), on which a plurality of pylons (5) are mounted, said pylons (5) are parallel and equipped with support wheels (9), so as to support, through respective frames (14), a plurality of solar panels (6); the pylons (5) rotate with respect to the common center of the concentric tracks (1), so as to carry out a rotation movement for the azimuthal tracking (RA) of the sun (from east to west), while a plurality of actuators (21), which are mounted within each pylon (5), move one or more panels (6), in order to obtain a rotation movement for the zenithal tracking (RZ). The combination of the two rotations is controlled by an electronic control unit (22), so as to follow at every moment of the day the sun's position. The support structure may be mounted on poles (4) and can be isolated or can be installed on coverings, buildings' roofs or generic flat surfaces. s (6); the pylons (5) rotate with respect to the common center of the concentric tracks (1), so as to carry out a rotation movement for the azimuthal tracking (RA) of the sun (from east to west), while a plurality of actuators (21), which are mounted within each pylon (5), move one or more panels (6), in order to obtain a rotation movement for the zenithal tracking (RZ). The combination of the two rotations is controlled by an electronic control unit (22), so as to follow at every moment of the day the sun's position. The support structure may be mounted on poles (4) and can be isolated or can be installed on coverings, buildings' roofs or generic flat surfaces.

Description

SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR SOLAR PANELS The present invention generally relates to a structure for supporting solar panels and more particulariy the ion relates to a t structure with variable ry, which is able to move the solar panels as sun followers during the day and during the year; rmore, the support structure can be mounted on poles, as an isolated structure, or used as a cover, such as a roof of buildings or a roof of greenhouses, or installed on roundabouts or other circular—shaped surfaces.

Currently, structures for supporting solatr panels (the so-called solar trackers) are constituted by a central piliar on which a “sail” consisting of modular panels lying on the same plane is engaged.

Moreover, the i pillar is connected to a slewing ring that provides for the azimuthal movement, from east to west, of the whole structure, while a hinge, which is placed on the horizontal axis of the "sail", es for the zenithal movement from 0 to 90°.

Said known t structure is extremely cumbersome when many solar panels are installed and causes significant shading if there are more rows of solar trackers; moreover, each solar tracker, as described, cannot be used as a cover or roof for buildings.

The above mentioned structure, on one hand, has good features of scalability for industrial production, but, on the other hand, it needs a lot of space in order that the adjacent solar trackers do not cause unwanted shading.

Furthermore, the ratio between the installed electrical power and the total surface of the structure is very high, while the ratio between the installed electrical power and the employed means, both in terms of energy needed for making the whole ure and in terms of als constituting said structure itself (such as the steel required to build a solar tracker, the cement to perform foundations of the electrical connections, the employed workers, etc), is very low.

Finally, the e which is occupied by said known supporting structure is related to the specific solar tracker and it cannot be used for any other human activity; it follows that, when the size of the single solar tracker becomes greater, the whole supporting ure becomes more cumbersome and the angular tracking s less accurate, as well as the visual impact increases (said visual impact is constituted from a real stretch of pillar trackers, the so-called "solar parks").

An object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the above mentioned drawbacks and, in particular, to provide a support structure for solar panels with reduced overall dimensions, with respect to the known support structures having the same number of solar panels.

Another object of the present ion is to provide a support structure for solar panels, which is able to reduce shadowing during its operation, with respect to the known solar trackers.

Another object of the present invention is to e a support structure for solar panels, which can be used as a roof for covering buildings or flat surfaces in general and that it can also be mounted on poles.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a t structure for solar panels, which is suitable for reducing the environmental and visual impact and which is however efficient and functional from the point of view of the energy efficiency.

These and other objects are achieved by a support structure for solar panels according to the appended claim 1; other technical characteristics of the support structure for solar panels, according to the t invention, are also mentioned in the other dependent claims.

Advantageously, the support structure according to the present invention includes at least two tracks or rails having a circular geometry and concentric to each other, which constitute the path around which a ity of pylons supporting the solar panels rotate, so that said panels can make an azimuthal tracking of the solar radiation.

According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the structures are made of metal, but nothing ts the use of ent materials, especially building materials, while the tracks or rails can also be placed at a certain height from the ground and in a space devoid of shading.

Modular solar paneis (which can be constituted by oltaic and/or thermal panels) can be provided; said solar panels are also placed inside special frames consisting of metal supports which are hinged to a carrying rectilinear pyion. it is possible to check the zenithal ng hal azimuthal rotation) by using suitable actuators of the panels frames, so as to e a correct tracking of the solar radiation, that is to say said solar radiation always hits the panel according to a direction which is perpendicular to said panel; in particular, the movements of each panel are lled by an electronic control unit, which instantly is the position of each pane! and keeps said position so that the ion of the solar radiation is always perpendicuiar to the surface of the panel, thus maximizing the energy capture.

Said electronic control unit also controls the weather conditions so as to always place the pylons ting the panels in a position of low ance (for example in case of wind or rain ).

Therefore, it is possible to maintain the tracking of a plurality of , thus obtaining a higher energy efficiency (of about 30-35%) with respect to a fixed solar panel.

Preferably, an electronic control unit is provided for controlling the two axial movements of each panel, namely the azimuthal movement (rotation around the track) and the zenithal movement (rotation along the hinge axis of each frame supporting the related panel); a movement of the panels which is properly combined and controlled along the above ned axes, throughout the day, allows tracking the different positions of the sun so that the solar radiation always hits the panel in conditions of maximum energy efficiency.

The structure may be d isolated or it can form the cover of a building or it can be mounted on existing buildings with a flat roof.

These and other technical features will be more clear from the following ption, which refers to preferred embodiments of the support structure for solar panels, ing to the present invention, as well as from the ed drawings, which also refer to said preferred embodiments of the invention in which: — figure 1 shows a top plan view of a first embodiment of the support structure for solar panels, according to the present invention, in a first mode of operation; — figure 2 shows a perspective view of a movable frame, which includes the support pylons of the solar panels and which comprises the support structure of the panels, according to the present invention; - Figure 3A shows a perspective view of a plurality of fixed support tracks, which are inctuded in the support structure of the , according to the present invention; - Figure 3B shows a side view of the support structure of figure 3A, according to the present invention; - Figure 4A shows a first perspective View of one of the support pylons of the solar panels of figure 2, according to the invention; - figure 4B shows a further perspective view of the support pylon of figure 4A, according to the present ion; - figure 40 shows a front view of the support pyion of s 4A and 48, ing to the present invention; - figure 40 shows a side View of the support pylon of figures 4A, 4B and 40, according to the present invention; - figure 5 shows a front view of a system for connecting the support pyions, according to the present invention; - figure 6A shows a first mode of operation of the solar panels mounted on the support pylons of figures 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D; - figure SB shows a mode of operation of the solar panels mounted on the support pylons of figures 4A, 4B, 4C and 40, according to the invention; - figure 7 shows a partial perspective view of the support structure for solar panels, according to the present invention; - figures 7A, 7B, 70 show enlargements of technical s of figure 7, ing to the present invention; - figure 8 shows an ed view of an enlarged detaii of figure 7, according to the present invention; - figure 9A shows a perspective view of a support frame of the solar panels, which is d on the pylon of figures 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, according to the present invention; - figure QB shows a side View of the support frame of figure 9A, according to the present invention; - Figure QC shows a plan view of the support frame of figures 9A and QB, according to the present invention.

With reference to the above mentioned figures, the support structure for solar panels according to the present invention comprises a plurality of (and preferably M0 or more) concentric tracks or rails 1, with a ar geometry or with a polygonal geometry which can be approximated to a 3O ar geometry, which are fixed to the ground or to a generic supporting surface through piiings 4, and a plurality of pylons 5, which are connected to related frames 14 supporting a plurality of solar panels 6 (fig. 1).

The pylons 5 are bound to the tracks or rails 1 and move on said tracks 1 through drive wheels 9; rmore, the pylons 5 are connected together by means of perpendicular or vertical trusses 7, which form a braced frame 8 with said pylons 5 (fig. 2).

Therefore, the whole movable structure formed by the pylons 5 and the trUSses 7 rotates around a central g or node 3, which houses an electronic control unit 22, which controls the whole support structure and which is connected to the pylons 5 via a connecting frame 18 (fig. 3A, 3B, , 7, 8).

In particular, the appended figure 1 shows a pian View of one embodiment of the support structure for solar panels according to the present invention, which comprises a fixed portion, constituted by four circuiar tracks 1 resting on the foundation piiings 4, and a movable portion, constituted by the metallic structures of the pylons 5, on which the frames 14 supporting the solar panels 6 are mounted, which rotate around the l bearing 3.

The azimuthal on of the movable portion occurs through the drive wheels 9, which rest on the ar rails or tracks 1 and which are linked to the pylons 5 through suitable support means 13, white the zenithai rotation of the structure occurs around an hinge axis or pin 10, by means of suitable chain actuators 11, which move a particular eccentric kinematism 12 (fig. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 9A, QB, 9C).

It follows that the whole movable portion formed by the pylons 5 rests, through the drive wheels 9, on the circular tracks or rails 1 and rotates around the central axis 15 of the bearing 3, where, through a four~way junction, it is possible to connect the pylons 5; therefore, the solar panels 6 rotate either according to an azimuthal direction (around the l bearing or node 3) and according to a zenithal direction (around the hinge axis or pin 10).

An ment of the alignment between the rails 1 along a vertical plane is med by means of a control system for controlling the height of said rails 1 over the foundation pilings 4, while an inverter 21 is installed in a symmetrical central position of each pylon 5; the electrical connecting cables run along the vertical trusses of the frame 18 to connect the central 3O node 3, inside of which the onic control unit 22 is led.

Figures 6A and 6B show the anti—shadowing function of the support structure according to the invention; t the anti-shadowing function (fig. 6A), the solar radiation 19 would be able to hit only the first pylon 5 of the solar panels 6, while the back pylons 5 would be only lly hit and would be covered by the shadow 20 generated from the first pyion 5, white the structure according to the invention allows rotating one or more frames 14 mounted on pylons 5 (which would generate the shadow 20) according to the opposite direction with respect to the zenithal direction, thus leaving the solar radiation 19 hits the whole surface of the solar panels 6, which are provided inside the frames 14 of the back pylons 5 (fig. SB).

The operation mode of the support structure for solar panels, which is the object of the present invention, is substantially the following.

The movable portions or structures rest on the rails 1 and said rails 1 constitute the path around which the pylons 5, which are able to support the frames 14 where the solar panels 6 are mounted, rotate; said rotation occurs by means of coated drive wheels 9, in order to realize the azimuthal tracking RA (from east to west) of the solar radiation 19.

The e structures bed in the embodiment of the present invention are made of metal, however nothing prevents the use of different materials, sueh as buildings materials; furthermore, the movable ures are ably placed at a n height from the ground over a surface or area t shadowing.

The solar panels (which are constituted by photovoltaic or thermal panels) are placed inside special frames 14, which are constituted of metal support means hinged to the carrying structure of the respective pylon 5, while suitable actuators (the inverters 11, 21) control the zenithal tracking R2 of all the panels 6 which are mounted on a respective pylon 5. so as to perform the ng function of the solar radiation 19 and the solar ion 19 is able to hit each panel 6 according to a direction which is perpendicular to the surface of the panel 6 (this is the condition ing to which an optimum energy efficiency is performed).

Therefore, the frame 14 contains a plurality of solar panels 6, such as moduiar panels, and the actuators 11, 21 control the solar tracking by controlling the azimuthal rotation RA and the zenithai rotation RZ.

Said two rotations are needed in order to ensure that the panels 6 carried out an optimum tracking of the solar radiation 19 for any position of the sun; in ular, the tracks or rails 1 constitute the fixed portion of the support structure which, according to the invention, behaves as a large bearing around which the whole movable portion of the ure rotates, by ieaning on the rails 1 through the coated wheels 9; moreover, the wheels 9 can be constituted by simple support wheels for distributing the load and/or drive wheels.

The pylons 5, besides having the wheels 9 incorporated, are made so that the respective frames 14, which carry the panels 6, are able to rotate around the hinge axis or pin 10; it is also to be noted that every single pylon 5, when moves according to the zenithal rotation, is independent with respect to the other pylons, so as to control with great accuracy the angular ng and to reduce the shading of the nt pylons 5.

In fact, when the solar radiation 19 is oriented at angles less than 25° with respect to the horizon, the pylons 5 which receive said radiation 19 also shade the pylons 5 that are positioned behind them and therefore. according to the present invention, the electronic unit control 22, according to the sun's position, shall decrease the shading by rotating the frames 14 of the panels 6 in a direction opposite to the direction of the solar tracking, so as to obtain the least possible shading for solar panels 6 which are positioned immediately behind the panels 6 which directly e the solar radiation 19.

Suitable actuators 21 are provided for said rotation, so as to allow the zenithal tracking and to make angular rotations with angles greater than 90°.

Therefore, the azimuthal and zenithal rotations RA, RZ allows a complete tracking of the sun’s trajectory throughout the day for any position of the tracker. 2O The movements are then controlled for each single pylon 5 by the electronic control unit 22, which tly controls the position of each panel 6 and keeps said position, so that the solar radiation 19, which hits the panel 6, is always perpendicular to the surface of the solar panel 6, in order to maximize the energy production, also limiting the shading of the other pylons 5.

The onic control unit 22 controls the weather conditions, so as to move the pylons 5 supporting the panels 6 among positions in which a minimum resistance to the wind is ed, and is also able to control one or two types of drive wheels 9, which are independent of each other since the connection n the wheels 9 and the traction axis occurs h a free wheel; in particular, when a first type of wheel 9 is used for the hal rotation throughout the day, according to the latitude of the place where the structure is installed, the other type of wheels 9 cannot be used, given the presence of the free wheel, while the other wheels 9 are always used for the azimuthal rotation, but shall perform the quick services of movement, such as the fast return of the structure for a new collimation, the maintenance of the structure and/or other needs, thus avoiding that the time during which the tracker returns to the starting position is equal to the ng time (which is equal to about 8/10 hours).

Moreover, said different types of wheels turn at ent speeds between them to facilitate the rebooting. in particular, the support structure according to the invention is able to maintain the tracking of a plurality of pylons 5 with frames 14 containing solar panels 6, in which case the yield is greater than 30-35% with respect to a fixed solar panel.

Finally, the structure. which has a uniform load distribution over the entire surface, can be mounted isolated outside, thus allowing cultivation below the structure, or can be installed on existing buildings with a flat layer (such as flat roots or greenhouses), or it can be provided for covering a building, in order to erably decrease with respect to the known ures, the environmental impact.

The support structure also allows the maintenance of failure solar panels without blocking the operation of the other panels.

From the above description, the technical es of the support ure for solar , according to the present invention, are clear, as well as the related advantages.

Finally, it is also clear that other variations of the invention may be implemented without departing from the inventive idea which is mentioned in the appended claims, as well as it is clear that the technical details which have been described and illustrated may be varied according to requirements and without departing from the scope of tion of the appended claims.

Claims (15)

1. Support structure for solar panels (6), characterized by comprising at least two tracks or rails (1) forming a path on which a plurality of parallel pylons (5), which support said solar panels (6), rotate, said solar panels (6) being free to spacially rotate according to an hal direction (RA) and said solar panels (6) being supported by at ieast one frame (14), which is hinged to a respective pylon (5), so that one or more of said solar panels (6) ned within said frame (14) specialty rotate also in a 10 zenithal direction (RZ), about a hinge axis or pin (10) which is placed centrally and longitudinally on said frame (14).

2. Support structure ing to claim 1, characterized in that said tracks or rails (1) are placed at a certain height from the ground, in an area devoid of shading, and are supported by a plurality of foundation piles (4). 15

3. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous , terized in that an electronic control unit (22) controls respective actuators (21, 11) and/or kinematic isms (12), which are able to rotate said pylons (5) on said tracks or rails (1) and to spatially rotate said one or more solar paneis (6) of each frame (14) in said zenithal direction 20 (RZ), said electronic l unit (22) being also able to instantly control the positions of each solar panei (6), so that the solar radiation (19) which hits each solar panel (6) is always perpendicular to the surface of said solar panei (6).

4. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims. 25 characterized in that said electronic control unit (22) controls the weather ions, so as to piece said pylons (5) in positions of minimal resistance to the wind.

5. Support structure as claimed in at teast one of the previous claims, characterized in that said structure constitutes the coverage of a ng 30 or is installed on existing buildings with a flat roof or is installed over roundabouts or over circular—shaped surfaces.

6. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims, characterized in that said pylons (5) move on said tracks or rails (1) through one or more supporting and/or driving wheels (9). 35

7. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the us claims, characterized in that said pylons (5) are connected together by means of perpendicular or vertical trusses (7), which form a braced frame (8) with said pylons (5).

8. Support structure according to claims from 3 to 8, characterized in that said pylons (5) rotate on said tracks or rails (1) and around a l bearing or node (3), which houses said electronic control unit (22) and which is connected to said pylons (5) through at least one ting frame (18).

9. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims, characterized in that said solar panels (6), which are installed on a fixed 10 frame (14) of a respective pylon (5), are rotated according to said zenithal direction (RZ) independently with respect to the solar panels (6), which are led on the frames (14) of the other pylons (5) of said support structure.

10. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims, 15 characterized in that said solar panels (6)) which are installed on a prefixed frame (14) of a tive pylon (5), are rotated in the opposite direction with respect to the solar panels (6), which are installed on the frames (14) of the adjacent pylons (5) of the support structure.

11. Support structure as d in at least one of the previous , 20 characterized in that said solar panels (6) are constituted by modular solar panels (6).

12. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous , characterized in that said panels (6) are constituted by solar panels and/or photovoltaic panels and/or thermal panels. 25

13. Support structure according to claims from 6 to 12, characterized in that said wheels (9) are of at ieast two different types and independent between them, so that when a first type of wheels is used for an azimuthal rotation of tracking, a second type of wheel, which is also used for said azimuthal rotation, performs fast handling services, such as a fast return of 30 the structure for a new collimation, maintenance of the structure, etc.

14. Support structure as claimed in claim 13. characterized in that said different types of wheels (9) turn at ent speeds.

15. Support structure as claimed in at least one of the previous claims, characterized in that said at least two tracks or raiis (1) are concentric 35 n them and have a circular or polygonal geometry, said polygonal geometry being approximated to a circular geometry.