NZ721503A - Building Construction - Google Patents
Building ConstructionInfo
- Publication number
- NZ721503A NZ721503A NZ721503A NZ72150315A NZ721503A NZ 721503 A NZ721503 A NZ 721503A NZ 721503 A NZ721503 A NZ 721503A NZ 72150315 A NZ72150315 A NZ 72150315A NZ 721503 A NZ721503 A NZ 721503A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- beams
- secured
- studs
- wall
- brackets
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000003414 Extremities Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000282 Nails Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004775 Tyvek Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000690 Tyvek Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009760 electrical discharge machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 laser Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
building is constructed from a plurality of rectangular wall sections secured to one another. At least some wall sections are formed of an upper and a lower beam, vertical studs extending between the upper and lower beams and a wall panel secured to the beams and to the studs. In the invention, each beam is formed of an elongate metal sheet folded through a right angle about at least one longitudinally extending line to define at least a horizontal first plate, and a vertical second. A plurality of separately formed sheet metal brackets are secured to at least one of the plates of the folded metal sheet at preset distances from one another along the length of the beam and secured to the ends of the studs. ch beam is formed of an elongate metal sheet folded through a right angle about at least one longitudinally extending line to define at least a horizontal first plate, and a vertical second. A plurality of separately formed sheet metal brackets are secured to at least one of the plates of the folded metal sheet at preset distances from one another along the length of the beam and secured to the ends of the studs.
Description
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to the construction of
buildings.
Background of the invention
It has previously been proposed to simplify and speed
up construction of a timber framed building, such as a
house, by manufacturing and pre-assembling complete sections
in a factory and assembling the sections on site. This
technique reduces the need to employ skilled labour on site
and the automated manufacture of the sections in a factory
allows improved quality, because parts can be cut and
assembled to close tolerances.
However, though assembly time is reduced on site, the
total time taken to construct a building, that is to say
from its conception to its completion, is to be measured in
months rather than days. Architect drawings need first to be
sent to the manufacturer of the building sections. From
these plans, the manufacturer needs to generate the machine
instructions required for the production of the parts that
are to be assembled into each section. Such machine
instructions will, for example, be used to cut timber to the
desired dimensions and to make holes in the timber in the
places specified by the architect plans. After they have
been factory assembled, the "flat pack" sections must then
be shipped to the site where the building is to be erected,
and detailed instructions must be prepared for sending to
the crew responsible for erecting the building by assembling
the pre-manufactured sections.
Object of the invention
The present invention seeks to enable a building to be
erected rapidly and inexpensively, using standard components
yet without extensive reliance on skilled labour.
Summary of the invention
In accordance with the present invention, there is
provided a method of constructing a studwork wall section
that has upper and lower beams, studs extending vertically
between the upper and lower beams and a wall panel secured
to the upper and lower beams and to the studs, which method
comprises providing studs of uniform length, providing beams
each formed of an elongate metal sheet folded through a
right angle about at least one longitudinally extending line
to define at least a horizontal first plate, and a vertical
second plate to be secured to the wall panel of the studwork
wall, each beam having been pre-fitted with a plurality of
separately formed sheet metal L-shaped or U-shaped brackets
that are permanently secured to at least one of the plates
of the folded metal sheet at preset distances from one
another along the length of the beam, securing a plurality
of studs between two beams by fixing each end of each stud
to one of the brackets on a respective one of the beams so
that the studs lie parallel to one another, and securing a
wall panel to the two beams and the studs, the dimensions of
the wall panel ensuring that the studs and the beams lie at
right angles to one another.
Conveniently, prior to securing studs to the beams, the
beams are supported generally parallel to one another on a
non-vertical, preferably horizontal, surface.
Once two such wall sections have been assembled, a self
supporting corner of a building may be formed by temporarily
holding the two wall sections in a vertical attitude and in
mutually inclined planes, and securing adjacent lateral
edges of the two wall sections to one another. Starting from
a corner, the remainder of a building can be constructed by
adding further wall section and securing their vertical
adjacent lateral edges to one another.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a beam for
enabling construction at a building site of a studwork wall
section by the method of the invention. The beam is formed
of an elongate metal sheet folded through a right angle
about at least one longitudinally extending line to define
at least a horizontal first plate, and a vertical second
plate to be secured to the wall panel of the studwork wall,
and is fitted, prior to arrival at the building site, with a
plurality of separately formed sheet metal L-shaped or U-
shaped brackets that are permanently secured to at least one
of the plates of the folded metal sheet at preset distances
from one another along the length of the beam.
The beam allows wall sections of a standard size to be
assembled on site without requiring skilled labour while yet
achieving wall sections that are all, within a minimal
tolerance, both of the same size as one another a square.
This consistency is achieved because the spacing between the
stud fixing brackets is not determined on site but during
the manufacture of the beams under tightly controlled
conditions and using purposely designed equipment. The studs
and wall panels are all pre-cut to standard dimensions so
that fixing the studs to beams ensures that the beams will
always be the correct distance apart and that the height of
the wall section will be constant. Last, the size of the
wall panel ensures that the when fixed the beams and the
studs, it will constrain the wall section to be square with
all the studs accurately perpendicular to the beams.
The design of the beams may vary depending on the
position of the beam in a building.
In the case of a beam intended to be secured the lower
edge of a wall panel, the beam may comprise an elongate
metal sheet bent about a longitudinally extending fold line
to form horizontal and vertical plates and the brackets for
fixing to the studs may be secured to both the horizontal
and vertical plates of the metal sheet. In this case, the
horizontal plate of the beam may additionally have a
downwardly bent return along the inwards facing edge to fit
over the edge of a foundation wall.
The horizontal plate of a beam may extend further from
the vertical plate that the stud mounting brackets to
provide a region to which a floor may be secured.
In the case of a beam intended to be secured to the
upper end of a wall section to serve as a lintel for
supporting an upper storey or a roof, the beam may comprise
an elongate metal sheet bent to form two horizontal and one
vertical plate, and the brackets for fixing to studs being
secured to the lower of the two horizontal plates to project
downwards. Brackets capable of being screwed to joist may
additionally be mounted between and secured to both
horizontal plates in vertical alignment with the stud
mounting brackets.
It is advantageous of the elongate metal sheet and the
brackets may be cut by any method used in accurately cutting
sheet metal, such as laser, water jet or spark erosion. The
stud brackets may be secured in place by rivets inserted
into aligned holes. Such a method of manufacture ensures
uniformity of the beams, within tight tolerances.
In an embodiment of the invention, at least two tabs
are bent out of the plane of the vertical plate of the metal
sheet to project, horizontally level with one another, in
the opposite direction from the horizontal plate(s) of the
metal sheet, to support the lower edge of the wall panel of
the studwork wall. Such tabs both allow a wall panel to be
supported correctly if it is being secured to the studs
while in a vertical attitude and when a wall panel is fitted
between tabs projecting from a floor and a ceiling beam, it
ensures that the frame formed by the studs and the beams is
accurately square before the wall panel is fixed in
position.
The terms “vertical” and “horizontal” as used herein
refer to the orientation of the plates when the beam is
installed as part of a building.
Where appropriate, the latter U-shaped brackets may be
used to secure ceiling joists to the lintel beams. In the
latter case, it is desirable to form cut-out slots in the
upper horizontal plate of the C-shaped lintel in alignment
with the joist mounting brackets, to enable the joists to be
dropped into the mounting brackets from above.
When constructing a building with more than one storey,
the upper horizontal plate of the lintel beam of the lower
storey may be secured to a base beam of the next upper
storey. The base beam of the lowest storey may be formed
with a downwardly bent return along the inwards facing edge
of its horizontal plate to fit over the edge of a foundation
wall while the base beam of an upper storey may have an
inwardly extended horizontal plate to provide a region to
which a floor of the upper storey may be secured.
In the present invention, the beams used in the
construction of the building, and in particular in its
perimeter wall, are designed not only to serve as an
essential structural support element of the building but as
an assembly jig for the remaining components of the studwork
walls. The precise assembly of the stud fixing brackets to
the metal sheet of the each beam ensures that the studs are
parallel and correctly spaced, without the need for any
measurement at the time of construction. Furthermore, any U-
shaped brackets are dimensioned to be a nice fit on the
studs, thereby ensuring that they are positioned
perpendicular to the beam.
It is envisaged that, aside from the various sheet
metal beams, the remaining components used in the
construction of the studwork walls will be standard
components such as studs of standard cross section
accurately pre-cut to standard lengths and rectangular
sheets of plywood or OSB (oriented strand board) board, once
again accurately pre-cut to standard sizes. The studs may be
made of metal but it is preferred that they be made of a
wood or other fibrous material.
The beams may come in standard lengths, corresponding
to whole number multiples of one half of the width of the
wall panels. Consequently, wall sections constructed using
any length of beam will always have a stud at each end to
which the wall panel may be screwed.
Wall sections may be constructed in a vertical attitude
but when forming the first corner of a building, it is
simpler to construct two wall sections in a horizontal
attitude then to raise them into a vertical attitude and
secure them to one another by securing the contacting studs
of the two wall sections to one another. The remainder of
the perimeter may then be built by constructing further
sections as required and securing them, side to side, to the
previously erected wall sections.
The stud fixing brackets may be spot welded or seam
welded to the L-shaped metal sheet of the beam but it is
preferred to rely on riveting. Thus the base portion of the
brackets may be secured to one of the plates of the folded
metal sheet by rivets. To secure one of the upright limbs of
an L-shaped or U-shaped bracket to a plate of the metal
sheet, the end of the limb may be folded to form a flange
that is riveted to one of the plates of the metal sheet.
Larger holes may also be formed in at least one of the
horizontal and vertical plates of the metal sheet to allow
the passage of pipes and wires.
After having assembled and erected a first floor of a
building from rectangular wall sections, in the manner
described above, it is necessary to provide a reinforcement
beam or lintel, surrounding the perimeter of the building to
support the roof structure of the next high storey of the
building.
When assembling a single floor building, lintel beams
are used for the upper edge of each wall section and base
beams are used for the lower edge of each wall section. When
the wall sections are assembled to one another, a perimeter
metal reinforcement is automatically created at the top of
the wall sections of the first floor which can support the
roof structure and has brackets already in place for
receiving the joist onto which boards may be secured to form
a ceiling for the first floor. The floor boards that are
subsequently secured to the upper sides of the joists
strengthen the perimeter walls against bowing outwards or
inwards.
It may be seen from the above description, that using
basic sheet metal beams with accurately positioned stud
mounting brackets, the invention enables the framework of a
building to be constructed using standard components
available from any timber yard, such as joists and studs cut
to preset lengths and wall and ceiling panels of standard
dimensions.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will now be described further, by way of
example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the frame of a
building constructed using beams of sheet metal and vertical
studs, joists and rafters made of wood,
Figure 2 is a view showing only the sheet metal beams
of the building shown in Figure 1,
Figure 3 is perspective view from within of a base
beam,
Figure 4 is a view of two base beams at a corner of the
building as viewed from the outside,
Figure 5 is a view from within the building of a lintel
beam connected to the studs of a lower storey and to ceiling
joists and of a wall beam secured to the lintel beam and
connected to studs of an upper storey,
Figure 6 is a view from within the building of a corner
of the perimeter beams meeting at a corner between two
storeys of the building,
Figures 7 and 8 are view of a roof beam, and
Figure 9 shows a gable beams.
Detailed description of the drawings
The building framework shown in Figure 1 is made up of
the powder coated galvanised steel beams shown in Figure 2
and studs, joist and rafters made of wood or other fibrous
material. The sheet metal beams are constructed in
accordance with different embodiments of the invention
whereas the remaining components are stock items that can be
purchased from a timber yard.
The beams of the different embodiments of the invention
are designed for different parts of a building, as will be
clear from the description below. The different beams,
however, all have in common the fact that they are made of
sheet metal, for example 1.5mm steel, and derive their
strength from the fact that the sheet metal has at least one
fold to define a horizontal plate and at least one vertical
plate, and that they have brackets secured to them at preset
distances from one another to connect to the vertical studs
of the building.
The stud mounting brackets are fixed to the beam during
their manufacture so that, when they arrive at a building
site, all the stud mounting brackets are already in place
and correctly aligned. This differs from some known systems
where stud mounting brackets are affixed to beams on site,
often after the beams have already been mounted in situ.
Because of this design of the beams, they act as
templates for the assembly of rectangular wall sections that
can be assembled one at a time and secured to one another to
form the framework shown in Figure 1. Each wall section is
assembled from two beams that are arranged as the top and
bottom the wall section. Studs of standard length are
screwed to the brackets of the two beams and a wall panel,
made for example of vapour permeable formaldehyde-free
tongue-in-groove OSB board, is screwed to the vertical
plates of the two beams and to the studs that extend between
them.
The different beams used in constructing the framework
of Figure 1, include a base beam 12 that is fitted directly
to a wooden plinth 10 constructed as part of the building
foundation. The top of each wall section on the lowest
storey is formed by a lintel beam 14 of which there are two
types, namely a joist-bearing lintel beam 14a and a non-
joist-bearing lintel beam 14b.
The wall sections of the higher storeys have a wall
beam 16 along their lower edge which is secured to a lintel
beam 14 of the storey below. Two further special purpose
beams that are required are the roof beams 12 and gables
beams 20 and 22.
The different types of beam that are required to
construct the framework of Figure 1 will now be described by
reference to Figure 3 to 9.
Figures 3 and 4 show the construction of the base beams
12. Each base beam 12 comprises a metal sheet 120 that is
bent into an L-shape to define a vertical plate 121 and a
horizontal plate 123. Brackets 122, 124 and 126 intended to
be screwed to the studs 50 of the wall section are secured
to the vertical and horizontal plates 121, 123. Though the
brackets could be welded to the metal sheet 120, it is
preferred to form laser cut holes in both the brackets and
the metal sheet and to plate rivets in these holes after
they have been correctly aligned. The stud brackets include
L-shaped brackets 122 for the studs 50 at the lateral ends
of a wall section, U-shaped brackets 124 wide enough for one
stud 50 and a further U-shaped bracket 126 that is wide
enough for two studs 50.
The length of the beam is equal to the combined width
of two OSB boards. Two studs 50 are required in the centre
of the wall section to allow two OSB boards to be secured to
the studs 50.
The horizontal 123 and vertical 121 plates of all the
beams 12 are provided with holes 127 for the passage of
wires and pipes and if necessary any hole used to pass a
wire or a pipe may be fitted with a grommet to prevent
chafing.
The lower edges of the holes 126 in the vertical plates
121 of the base plate 12 have outwardly turned tabs 128.
These are used to support and located the OSB-boards as they
are being screwed in position. As tabs at the top and bottom
of each OSB board will be spaced apart by the exact length
of the OSB board, there presence will also prevent racking,
that it is say it will ensure that the walls sections are
all accurately rectangular, with 90° corners.
The base beams 12 additionally have a small return 130
to fit over the wooden plinth 10 which may typically be
mounted to a course of bricks.
The lintel beams 14 shown in Figure 5 and 6, that are
used at the top of each wall section, are required to
withstand a higher bending load than the base beams. For
this reason, the lintel beams are constructed of C-shaped
cross section instead of an L-shaped cross section. The
lintel beams have a vertical wall 141 and a lower horizontal
wall 143. Brackets 144, that are similar in construction and
in positioning to the brackets 122, 124 and 126 of the base
plate, depend from the under surface for screwing to studs
of the wall section.
The lintel beams also have an upper horizontal plate
145, 146 and brackets 149 that are positioned between the
two horizontal plates and are riveted to them. The brackets
149 which are aligned vertically with the brackets 144, may
optionally be additionally secured to the vertical plate
141.
In the case of the non-joist-bearing lintel beams 14b,
the upper horizontal wall 146 is continuous. However, for
the joist-bearing beams 14a, the upper plate 145 has slots
aligned with the brackets 149 so that the joists may be
lowered into the brackets 149 from above.
After the joists have been placed within the brackets
149 of a joist-bearing beam 14a, a wall plate 16 is riveted
to the upper plate 145 of the lintel beam 14a to hold the
joists in place and strengthen the lintel beam 14a. In the
case of a non-joist-bearing beam 14b, there is no
requirement for slots and the upper plate 146 of the lintel
beam 14b is therefore continuous. In this case, the lintel
beam 14b may also be pre-assembled to a wall beam 16 instead
of being riveted to it on site. The action of riveting or
bolting the wall plate component 16 to the joist bearing
beam creates additional load bearing capacity enabling the
composite assembly to span further over window or door
openings.
The wall beams 16 are essentially base beams 12 and
differ from the base beams only in the construction of the
lower horizontal plate. Instead of having a return to fit
over a plinth 10, the horizontal plate of a wall beam 16 is
made wider to project beyond the stud brackets and provide a
protruding strip 150 to which OSB boards forming the floor
boards of the upper storey may be screwed.
The roof beam 18 shown in Figure 7 and the gable beams
of Figures 8 and 9 are constructed on the same principle as
the base and lintel beams. They have a folded elongate sheet
metal component for strength and brackets for screwing to
studs and rafters, as will be clear from Figure 1.
Unlike the remaining beams, in the case of the gable
beams 20 and 22, the stud brackets do not lie in a plane
normal to the longitudinal axis of the of the beam but at an
angle that corresponds to the pitch of the roof. The
building in Figure 1 requires two different forms of gable
beam 20 and 22 because it has sections of different pitch.
It should be noted that the internal axial bearing surface
inside the stud brackets is always perpendicular to the
vertical span of the stud. This enables axial loads to be
transferred from the stud to the roof beam 18 without the
need for cutting timbers to the precise inclination of the
roof plane. Ordering pre-cut timber studs with perpendicular
sawn ends reduces site erection time and reduces the timber
stud preparation cost.
Instead of a continuous foundation wall 10, it may in
some cases be preferred to insert piles into the ground and
to secure a lintel beam to the tops of the piles. In this
case, the lowest floor also uses wall beams 16 as base beams
and may have joists screwed to the lintel beams to provide a
floor for the lowermost storey of the building.
Though only the construction of the perimeter walls is
described above, it will be appreciated that a similar
structure to that described above may be used for forming
interior partition walls.
As above described, the invention enable construction
of a framework faced with OSB boards that enclose the entire
interior of the building. While doors pre-assembled within
frames may be used in place of all or half of a wall
section, windows are formed by cutting out holes in the OSB
boards and securing window assemblies to the studs and beams
that are already in place.
The strength of the building in Figure 1 is not derived
from any single component. Hence, the lintel beams are not
required to have, prior to their assembly, the same load-
bearing capacity as a conventional concrete lintel or a
rolled steel joist. The fact that the beams are secured to
studs and wall board increases their resistance to bending
and, because they are screwed to the joists and floor boards
the walls of the building, they are prevented from bowing in
or out. The total weight of the building materials used in
the construction is therefore significantly reduced, which
in turn reduces the load that needs to be supported by lower
storeys.
The reduction in the weight of the building material
reduces material costs and also simplifies the foundations
required to support the building. Screws driven into the
ground to act as piles may suffice to construct a raised
raft, allowing the building to be erected in a flood plane.
The framework is also well suited to eco-friendly
construction. Insulation, such as mineral wool having a
thickness of 150 mm, may be placed within each wall section
before an inner wall is secured to the studs.
Though the inner walls may be made constructed in a
conventional manner, for example using plaster board, it is
preferred to use sheets of cork. Cork is currently available
inexpensively and offers many advantages because of its
lightness, excellent thermal insulation and fire resistance.
The exterior of the building may also be protected by
cork, in this case secured to batons that are secured by
nails or screws to the outer side of the OSB boards, after
the latter been covered with a layer of air-permeable but
water proof paper, such as Tyvek®.
The roof structure of the building may conveniently be
formed entirely of solar panels. Conventionally, a solar
panel would be mounted above a water tight roof structure,
for example a tiled roof, but in an aspect of the invention
it is contemplated that the solar panels should themselves
act to prevent water from entering the building and that
they should be supported in such a manner as to be capable
of withstanding the weight of a build-up of snow.
The roof space may be designed to act as a
conservatory, in which case the light passing through the
solar panels may be allowed to enter the roof space.
Alternatively, boards and insulation may be secured to the
rafters to provide additional thermal insulation and keep
out the light passing through the solar panels.
It may thus be seen that by using beams having
accurately pre-mounted stud brackets, the invention allows
buildings to be erected accurately and without reliance on
skilled labour using standard materials available from a
timber yard. In this way, the time from conception to
completion can be reduced significantly.
The manufacture of the beams may itself be performed
without reliance on skilled labour as it only requires sheet
metal to be laser cut and bent. The attachment of the stud
brackets to the beams can be performed accurately without
reliance on skilled labour as it requires only the insertion
of rivets into laser cut holes.
Claims (14)
1. A method of constructing a studwork wall section 5 that has upper and lower beams, studs extending vertically between the upper and lower beams and a wall panel secured to the upper and lower beams and to the studs, which method comprises: providing studs of uniform length, 10 providing beams each formed of an elongate metal sheet folded through a right angle about at least one longitudinally extending line to define at least a horizontal first plate, and a vertical second plate to be secured to the wall panel of the studwork wall, each beam 15 having been pre-fitted with a plurality of separately formed sheet metal L-shaped or U-shaped brackets that are permanently secured to at least one of the plates of the folded metal sheet at preset distances from one another along the length of the beam, 20 securing a plurality of studs between two beams by fixing each end of each stud to one of the brackets on a respective one of the beams so that the studs lie parallel to one another, and securing a wall panel to the two beams and the studs, 25 the dimensions of the wall panel ensuring that the studs and the beams lie at right angles to one another.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein, prior to securing studs to the beams, the beams are supported 30 generally parallel to one another on a non-vertical, preferably horizontal, surface.
3. A method of constructing a studwork structure, which comprises constructing two wall sections by the method 35 of claim 1 or 2, temporarily holding the two wall sections in a vertical attitude and mutually inclined planes, and securing adjacent lateral edges of the two wall sections to one another to form a self-supporting corner.
4. A beam for enabling construction at a building 5 site of a studwork wall section by the method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the beam is formed of an elongate metal sheet folded through a right angle about at least one longitudinally extending line to define at least a horizontal first plate, and a vertical second plate to be 10 secured to the wall panel of the studwork wall, and is fitted, prior to arrival at the building site, with a plurality of separately formed sheet metal L-shaped or U- shaped brackets that are permanently secured to at least one of the plates of the folded metal sheet at preset distances 15 from one another along the length of the beam.
5. A beam as claimed in claim 4, wherein the beam is intended to be secured the lower edge of a wall panel and comprises an elongate metal sheet bent about a 20 longitudinally extending fold line to form horizontal and vertical plates and the brackets for fixing to the studs being secured to both the horizontal and vertical plates of the metal sheet. 25
6. A beam as claimed in claim 5, wherein the horizontal plate of the beam has a downwardly bent return along the inwards facing edge to fit over the edge of a foundation wall. 30
7. A beam as claimed in claim 5, wherein the horizontal plate of the beam extends further from the vertical plate that the stud mounting brackets to provide a region to which a floor may be secured. 35
8. A beam as claimed in claim 4, wherein the beam is intended to be secured to the upper end of a wall section to serve as a lintel for supporting an upper storey or a roof, the beam comprising an elongate metal sheet bent to form two horizontal and one vertical plate, and the brackets for fixing to studs being secured to the lower of the two horizontal plates to project downwards.
9. A beam as claimed in claim 8, wherein brackets capable of being screwed to joist are additionally mounted between and secured to both horizontal plates in vertical alignment with the stud mounting brackets.
10. A beam as claimed in claim 9, wherein cut-out slots are formed in the upper horizontal plate of the beam in alignment with the joist mounting brackets. 15
11. A beam as claimed in any of claims 4 to 10, wherein the elongate metal sheet and the brackets are laser cut and are secured to one an another by rivets inserted into aligned laser cut holes. 20
12. A beam as claimed in any of claims 4 to 11, wherein at least two tabs are bent out of the plane of the vertical plate of the metal sheet to project, horizontally level with one another, in the opposite direction from the horizontal plate(s) of the metal sheet.
13. A building comprising a plurality of rectangular wall sections secured to one another, wherein at least some wall sections comprise an upper and a lower beam as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 12, vertical studs extending 30 between the upper and lower beams and a wall panel secured to the beams and to the studs.
14. A building as claimed in claim 13, wherein the studs are made of a fibrous material, such as wood.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1423199 | 2014-12-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ721503A true NZ721503A (en) |
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