NZ624933B2 - Aqueous dispersions and precursors thereof - Google Patents
Aqueous dispersions and precursors thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ624933B2 NZ624933B2 NZ624933A NZ62493312A NZ624933B2 NZ 624933 B2 NZ624933 B2 NZ 624933B2 NZ 624933 A NZ624933 A NZ 624933A NZ 62493312 A NZ62493312 A NZ 62493312A NZ 624933 B2 NZ624933 B2 NZ 624933B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- clay
- powder composition
- aqueous dispersion
- dispersion
- aqueous
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N precursor Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- 102000014961 Protein Precursors Human genes 0.000 title description 6
- 108010078762 Protein Precursors Proteins 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylparaben Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QELSKZZBTMNZEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000010232 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004405 propyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960003415 propylparaben Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002335 preservative Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000005806 Western equine encephalitis Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo-oxoalumanyloxy-[oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)silyl]oxysilane;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920001888 polyacrylic acid Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 206010042602 Supraventricular extrasystoles Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 231100000078 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229960001631 Carbomer Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 poly(acrylic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940092782 Bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000001772 Blood Platelets Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trolnitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCN(CCO[N+]([O-])=O)CCO[N+]([O-])=O HWKQNAWCHQMZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000014483 powder concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 241001527806 Iti Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940080314 Sodium Bentonite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940075582 Sorbic Acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- KARVSHNNUWMXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KARVSHNNUWMXFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003311 flocculating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sorbic acid Chemical compound CC=CC=CC(O)=O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008403 very hard water Substances 0.000 description 2
- WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M (E,E)-sorbate Chemical compound C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O WSWCOQWTEOXDQX-MQQKCMAXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220450 Cajanus cajan Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010016803 Fluid overload Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007842 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005504 Maranta arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010804 Maranta arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005158 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940069338 Potassium Sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M Potassium sorbate Chemical compound [K+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000001016 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075554 Sorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000008529 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209149 Zea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;magnesium;silicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] WMGSQTMJHBYJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005591 charge neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001809 detectable Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUKQLEWOUPCTOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium;dioxido(oxo)silane;hydroxy-oxido-oxosilane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])=O.O[Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O TUKQLEWOUPCTOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000276 sauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 wheat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L3/00—Compositions of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08L3/02—Starch; Degradation products thereof, e.g. dextrin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D191/00—Coating compositions based on oils, fats or waxes; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/18—Fireproof paints including high temperature resistant paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/54—Starch
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
Abstract
Disclosed herein is a powder composition including starch, acrylic acid homopolymer salt, vegetable oil and clay. The powder composition forms an aqueous dispersion having a neutral pH when added to water and is capable of clinging to a surface. The composition may be used as a fire-fighting composition. tion.
Description
AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS AND PRECURSORS THEREOF
BACKGROUND
Aqueous dispersions are generally known in ry to be useful for a number of
applications. These ations include use as a carrier for active ingredients or for
coating ates. The al properties of the aqueous sion dictate the useful
applications of the aqueous dispersion.
Recently aqueous dispersions have been utilized to suppress f1re. Aqueous dispersions
that are currently utilized to suppress fire can be difficult to formulate and may not exhibit
stability. In addition some of these s dispersions or sors thereof can be
corrosive or have a pH that is not neutral. Many of these aqueous dispersions require a pH
modification with such strong alkalis such as ides or amines, in order to achieve a
thickening effect in aqueous dispersions needed to coat a substrate. In addition, a problem
to overcome for chemical retardant formulations and s dispersions in general, is the
environmental impact of these formulations. nmentally friendly and pH neutral
formulations are desired.
Aqueous dispersions can also be utilized in other non—fire applications. Such as coating
vegetation and other materials for a variety of reasons. Aqueous dispersions are also
useful in the treatment and processing of material as an additive or active agent. It is
desired to utilize environmentally friendly and pH neutral, non-corrosive formulations that
can be added to water and form environmentally friendly and pH neutral, non-corrosive
aqueous dispersions.
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to aqueous dispersions and precursors thereof. In particular
the present disclosure s to a powder composition that when added to water forms a
dispersion having shear thinning properties. The dispersion can be pH neutral and cling to
a surface and be useful for any number of applications.
In a first aspect of the disclosure, a powder composition includes starch, acrylic acid
homopolymer salt, and clay. The powder composition forms an aqueous dispersion when
added to water and is capable of clinging to a e.
In a second aspect of the disclosure, a powder composition includes starch, acrylic acid
homopolymer salt, clay, propyl paraben and vegetable oil such as cottonseed oil. The
powder composition forms an aqueous sion when added to water and is e of
clinging to a surface.
In a third aspect of the disclosure, an aqueous dispersion composition includes water,
starch, a polyacrylate homopolymer salt, and clay. The aqueous dispersion has a neutral
pH, is shear thinning and thixotropic.
In a fourth aspect of the sure, a method that includes forming the aqueous dispersion
and directing the aqueous dispersion onto a substrate and the aqueous dispersion clings to
the ate. In some embodiments the aqueous sion sses a fire.
These and various other features and advantages will be apparent from a g of the
following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following
ed description of various embodiments of the disclosure in connection with the
accompanying drawings, in which:
is a graph of Examples A to E viscosities at 30 rpm;
is a graph of Examples A to E viscosities at 5 rpm;
is a graph of Examples F to Iviscosities at 30 rpm;
is a graph of Examples F to I viscosities at 5 rpm;
is a graph of Examples C, J, K and L viscosities at 30 rpm;
is a graph of Examples C, J, K and L viscosities at 5 rpm;
is as graph of Examples 2-4 viscosities at 5 rpm;
is a graph of Examples 5-11 viscosities at 5 rpm;
is a graph of Example 1 viscosities at 5 rpm in various water hardness;
is a graph of Example 1 ities at 5 rpm in various water hardness; and
is a graph of Examples 8 and 10 burn-through time.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In the following ption, it is to be understood that other embodiments are
contemplated and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the present
disclosure. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting
sense.
All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art
unless otherwise ied. The definitions ed herein are to facilitate understanding
of certain terms used ntly herein and are not meant to limit the scope of the present
disclosure. Wt% is based on the total weight of the powder composition or aqueous
dispersion.
Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing feature sizes, amounts, and physical
properties used in the specification and claims are to be tood as being modified in
all instances by the term “about.” Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the
numerical ters set forth in the foregoing specification and attached claims are
approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained
by those skilled in the art utilizing the teachings disclosed herein.
As used in this ication and the appended claims, the ar forms “ 3’ (C
a an”, and
“the” encompass embodiments having plural referents, unless the content clearly dictates
otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is
generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates
ise.
As used herein, “have”, “having3’ ude3’ C" 3’ 3’ “ CC
, , 1ncluding , comprise , comprising” or the
like are used in their open ended sense, and generally mean “including, but not limited to.”
It will be understood that the terms “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” are
subsumed in the term “comprising,” and the like.
The term “flocculation” refers to a s of contact and adhesion whereby the particles
of a dispersion form larger size clusters. Known mechanisms of flocculation include
reduction of ical charge, and physical bridging. Charge is neutralized by addition of
materials giving rise to charged ions opposite in charge to that carried by the particles (e. g.
divalent cations in very hard water and anionic polymers). These materials form a
physical bridge between two or more particles, uniting the solid particles into a random,
three dimensional structure that is loose and porous.
The term ”acrylic acid homopolymer salt” is mous with 2—propenoic acid
homopolymer salt, and polyacrylate salt (e. g., sodium rylate).
The present sure relates to s dispersions and precursors thereof. In particular
the present disclosure relates to a powder composition (i.e., precursor) that when added to
water forms a dispersion having shear thinning ties. The dispersion can be pH
neutral and cling to a surface and be useful for any number of ations. In some
embodiments, the pH neutral aqueous dispersion can cling to a surface and suppress or
extinguish a fire. The aqueous dispersions can have a neutral pH and in many
embodiments do not include pH modiflers such as hydroxides or amines, in order to
achieve a thickening effect in aqueous dispersions formed from the powder composition.
The aqueous dispersion is a dilution of a powder composition and water. The powder
composition includes starch, acrylic acid homopolymer salt, and clay. A syngeristic
relationship at particular wt% ranges of starch, acrylic acid homopolymer salt, and clay
has been discovered. In many embodiments, the powder composition includes minor
amounts of vegetable oil such as seed oil and a preservative such as propyl paraben.
The aqueous dispersion can be utilized in any coating application where a shear thinning
aqueous dispersion having a neutral pH that is non-caustic in either aqueous dispersion or
solid powder precursor forms are useful, or desired. The aqueous dispersion can be
utilized in any application where flocculation is desired. While the present disclosure is
not so limited, an appreciation of various aspects of the disclosure will be gained through a
discussion of the es provided below.
A powder composition includes starch, acrylic acid homopolymer salt, and clay. The
powder composition forms an aqueous dispersion when added to water and is e of
clinging to a e. In many embodiments, the powder ition includes at least 50
wt% starch, 32—38 wt% acrylic acid homopolymer salt, and 4-6 wt% clay. In many
embodiments, the powder composition es at least 50 wt% starch, 32—38 wt% acrylic
acid homopolymer salt, 4—6 wt% clay, 0.5—3 wt% vegetable oil preferably being cottonseed
oil, and 0.5—7 wt% preservative being propyl paraben. In many embodiments the powder
composition has at least 50 wt% starch and acrylic acid homopolymer salt to clay wt%
ratio in a range from 9:1 to 5:1. This ratio of polyacrylate homopolymer salt to clay in the
powder composition has been found to produce an unexpected and useful viscosity peak in
the resulting aqueous dispersion.
In many embodiments the powder composition and the resulting aqueous dispersion does
not e a pH modifier. pH modifiers include hydroxides, amines and other pH
increasing elements, and are generally strong alkali for greatest thickening efficiency.
Many of these als are corrosive by nature. Numerous carbomers can be found in the
industry, a vast majority of which require specific pH control with strong alkalis such as
hydroxides or amines, in order to achieve a thickening effect in aqueous dispersions.
Carbomer is generally defined as a polymer of c acid linked with a
polyfunctional compound, hence, a poly(acrylic acid) or polyacrylate. Dispersion of the
carbomers that require neutralization into solution is more complex, requiring a step
s. Developing a powder concentrate ation that is non—corrosive, and is shear
thinning in a range of water qualities, was desired. Most neutralized carbomers are by
themselves not thixotropic by design. The use of acrylic acid homopolymer sodium salts
was also d to ate the need for corrosive agents to impart thickening. Selection
and use of natural clays with select acrylic acid homopolymer salts provided the
characteristics of both pseudoplasticity and thixotropy at an optimal peak viscosity, and
demonstrated a unique synergy of these rheological characteristics.
Any useful starch can be used in the aqueous dispersions and precursors thereof.
Examples of starches and their modifications, include corn, wheat, potato, tapioca, barley,
arrowroot, rice or any combination of starches. As an aqueous starch-containing
dispersion is heated, the starch will begin to swell at approximately 65 to 70 degrees
rade, turn into an amorphous, jelly—like mass at about 150 degrees centigrade, and
then as water is driven off, will ose at approximately 230 degrees centigrade and
higher, giving off steam and C02 as decomposition products. This behavior contributes to
the unique characteristics of the s dispersions in certain ations (e.g., fire
suppression). One particularly useful fied corn starch is known by the trade name
B20F, available from Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine, Iowa, 52761. The
powder compositions contain at least 50% starch or at least 60% starch.
The aqueous dispersion and powder precursor can include acrylic acid homopolymer salt.
In many embodiments, the acrylic acid homopolymer salt is a polyacrylate homopolymer
salt such as sodium polyacrylate, for example. Sodium polyacrylic acid homopolymers
are effective pseudoplastic viscosity control agents or thickening agents, and suspending
agents at a neutral pH. In many embodiment, acrylic acid homopolymer salts or sodium
polyacrylic acid homopolymers that do not require a pH modifier (e. g., sodium hydroxide,
ect.,) to build viscosity are ed. Two useful acrylic acid homopolymer homopolymer
salts are known by the trade names PNC 400TM and Neutragel DA. They are pre-
neutralized homopolymer salts, also described as carboxyvinyl polymer sodium salts.
PNC 400TM and Neutragel DA are commercially available from 3V Sigma, Inc.,
Weehawken, NJ. The powder compositions can contain from 30 to 45% acrylic acid
homopolymer salt or from 30 to 40% acrylic acid homopolymer salt or from 32 to 38%
acrylic acid lymer salt or from 34 to 38% acrylic acid homopolymer salt.
The s sion and powder precursor can include clay. The clay can be included
in any useful amount and can act as a suspending agent and/or ning agent. Useful
natural clays include clays d from the smectite family. These include Bentonite
(montmorillonite), Hectorite, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Saponite, Sepiolite,
Beidellite, nite and Sauconite. The most common of these natural smectite clays
exhibit an octahedral structure. Hectorite appears as a ahedral smectite, while
montmorillonite can be referred to as a dioctahedral smectite. This refers to the structure
of the metal elements in the crystal lattice. When smectite clay platelets are fully dispersed
in water of low to moderate electrolyte content, they y form an open, three-
dimensional colloidal dispersion of individual clay platelets. The dual platelets are
highly charged (positively on the edges and negatively on the faces) and stretch their bond
lengths when the inter-layer cations hydrate. This dal structure is also commonly
referred to as a ‘house of cards’ network that can thicken water and encourage thixotropic
or due to hysteresis observed and measured during recovery after applying shear.
These clay colloidal structures also impart the following characteristics to aqueous
systems: ning, suspension, sag control, and stability. Hectorite clays provide higher
viscosity, sag control, and lower iron content as compared to bentonite clays. This is of
particular importance when working with higher electrolyte—containing aqueous systems.
Iron can reduce the viscosity build of synthetic polymeric thickening .
r phenomenon observed with the addition of clay is the increased uniformity of the
aqueous dispersion at higher clay concentrations. At lower levels of clay, the polyacrylate
homopolymer does not disperse as easily upon agitation and creates a—like
agglomerates that break upon stress, and are believed to be created due to the polymer not
completely dispersing or wetting out. Upon addition of clay there are less observed
agglomerates mixed under similar time and conditions. This is thought to allow the
aqueous dispersion to build in viscosity faster by having the clay acting as a dispersing
agent, breaking up the polyacrylate masses leading to more efficient and complete
hydration of the r, and ultimately shortening the time required to reach equilibrated
viscosity.
Commercially available hectorite clays are available under the trade designations
BentoneTM MA, and BentoneTM EW NA, available from tis Specialities Inc.,
(Highstown, NJ) for example. Commercially available sodium bentonite clays are
available under the trade designations VolclayTM FD-181, available from American
Celloid Company, (Hoffman Estates, IL) for e. BentoneTM MA and BentoneTM
EW NA are natural hectorite clays that have been found to be unusually effective for
building viscosity in the s dispersion in addition to imparting ropy. The
powder compositions can contain from 1 to 10% clay or from 4 to 6% clay or from 5 tolO
% clay or from 3 to 6 % clay.
In many embodiments, when diluted or dispersed into water or ed into a stream of
water, the powder composition can make up from 0.1 to 5 wt% or from 0.1 to 2 wt% or
from 0.5 to 1.5 wt% of the aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion can have a neutral
pH or a pH from 6.5 to 7.5 or from 7.0 to 7.3 for e. This neutral pH range is
ted without utilizing a pH r such as strong alkalis such as hydroxides or
amines, in order to achieve a thickening effect in aqueous dispersions needed to coat a
substrate. The powder composition and the aqueous dispersion can be substantially free of
a pH modifier such as an alkali or amine.
In many embodiments, the aqueous dispersion has 0.6—0.8 wt% solids concentration in R0
water and a viscosity greater than 8000 cP with a Brookfleld viscometer #5 spindle at 30
rpm and a viscosity greater than 36000 cP with a #5 spindle at 5 rpm. In many
embodiments, the aqueous dispersion has 0.6—0.8 wt% solids concentration in water
(having a hardness r than 100 mg/l CaCO3) and a viscosity range of about 5000—
15000 cP with a Brookfleld viscometer #5 spindle at 5 rpm.
The aqueous dispersion, described above, can be formed without a pH modifier such as
strong alkalis such as hydroxides or amines, for example, in either the powder composition
or supplementally added to the composition when diluting with water. Excluding a pH
modifier like sodium hydroxide, for example, in the powder composition and aqueous
dispersion s the corrosivity of the powder composition and s dispersion.
In many embodiments a vegetable oil is included as an anti-dusting or de-dusting agent in
the powder ition. It was found that the addition of vegetable oil reduces the
viscosity of resulting s dispersions formed by diluting the powder composition with
water. It has also been found that certain vegetable oils affect viscosity to different
degrees, as illustrated in the Examples. For example, cottonseed oil provided the least
viscosity depression at 1.5 wt%. At least 1.5 wt% of oil was needed to provide te
usting of the powder composition. illustrates the effect of a variety of oils on
the viscosity a 0.7% wt aqueous dispersions. Cottonseed oil surprisingly maintains the
best viscosity level of any of the tested vegetable oils (e.g., soybean, glycerin, soy methyl
ester) and paraffins or olefins (e. g., BioBase 200 material or mineral oil).
The longevity of the aqueous dispersions in reverse osmosis (i.e., RO) water is rather long.
However, in applied situations given the agricultural based ents of the formulation,
and with varying water qualities, the need for a preservative for extended storage of the
aqueous dispersions comes into play. In many cases, unpreserved aqueous dispersions
themselves are reasonably stable, with no odor or observed discoloration for
approximately 30 days. For extended storage of 3 — 6 months, food or cosmetic grade
preservatives were evaluated as more ecofriendly alternatives to biocides, as preservatives.
The preservatives evaluated here were citric acid, sorbic acid, ium sorbate, mycoban
calcium propionate, methyl n and propyl paraben. All of the preservatives were
received from Chem/Serv, Inc., polis, Minnesota.
These preservatives were blended into the powder concentrate as at levels such that
when the powders were diluted into working aqueous dispersions, preservative levels were
maintained at typical efficacy levels of between 0.05 — 0.10 %. The aqueous dispersions
prepared with potassium sorbate, sorbic acid, citric acid, or calcium propionate either had
very low ities when compared to an unpreserved control, or did not form a
thickened dispersion (below the measurable limit of the viscometer). Thus these
vatives were not viable options for the s sions described herein with
vertical cling ability.
Only the ns produced dispersion viscosities that were either comparable or higher
than that of the unpreserved control aqueous dispersion. Surprisingly, the two evaluated
parabens consistently demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the viscosity of the
aqueous dispersions with the addition of the preservative. Propyl Paraben is globally
accepted from a toxicity standpoint. Propyl Paraben is further commercially available
under the same trade name from Acme Hardesty Oleochemicals, Blue Bell, PA. As the
amount of propyl paraben is increased from 0% to 5% wt in the powder composition, the
viscosity (of a 0.7 %wt aqueous dispersion) surprisingly increases as illustrated in
In many embodiments a preservative is included in the powder composition. Propyl
paraben is utilized in the Examples. It was found that propyl paraben can extend the
“shelf life” of the aqueous sion up to at least 5 months at between 3 to 5 wt% propyl
paraben tration in the powder concentrate. It has also been found that this level of
propyl paraben surprising boosts viscosity levels and improves fire “knockdown” ability
of the aqueous dispersion by improving the vertical cling-ability of the aqueous
dispersions.
Aqueous dispersions produced in the Examples sed herein exhibit “shear thinning”
or “pseudoplastic” and “thixotropic” character, which means the aqueous dispersion
becomes thin when sheared or pumped (pseudoplastic), and sag resistant (thixotropic), at
rest, allowing it to cling to substrates at varying angles. The s dispersion does not
separate or settle, maintaining a stable viscosity profile over an extended period of time.
Selection and use of l clays with select c acid homopolymers es the
complimentary characteristics of both pseudoplasticity and thixotropy at an optimal peak
viscosity, demonstrating a unique synergy between the selected als, as illustrated in
the Examples below.
In one or more embodiments, aqueous dispersions of the exhibit the ability to produce a
floc. Upon over hydration of the aqueous dispersion, a floc can be formed. This floc has a
surprising high floc strength. It is believed that this flocculating ability can be useful for a
number of applications that e flocculation. These applications can include water
ent and oil drilling, for example. For flocculation applications, the powder
composition can make up from 0.001 to 3 wt% or from 0.001 to 0.5 wt% or from 0.001 to
0.1 wt% of the aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion can have a neutral pH or a pH
from 6.5 to 7.5 or from 7.0 to 7.3 for example. This neutral pH range is exhibited t
utilizing a pH modif1er such as strong alkalis such as hydroxides or amines, in order to
achieve a thickening effect in aqueous dispersions needed to coat a substrate. The powder
ition and the aqueous dispersion can be substantially free of a pH modifier such as
an alkali or amine.
It is ed that when the powder itions described herein are combined with
purified water (e.g., distilled or reverse osmosis water), a flocculent is not formed. While
not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is proposed that the use of starch in the
dispersion or gel matrix results in enhanced flocculating capacity (very high volume of
floc produced at very low levels of polymer/starch sion upon dilution of the
dispersion in hard water to less than 0.5wt%). The starch-loading of gels may provide for
a lower cost, higher efficiency flocculating agent for aqueous systems, when contrasted
with current synthetic polymer-only, clay-only or r-clay flocculating agent
compositions.
Some of the advantages of the disclosed aqueous dispersions are further illustrated by the
ing examples. The particular materials, amounts and dimensions recited in this
example, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit
the present disclosure.
Examples
The neous powder blend concentrates used to prepare the s dispersions of
the Examples were produced by: ng the powder ients in an approximately 1.8
kg (4 lb) capacity V-Blender or smaller 30 gram capacity lab tumbler for approximately
s. The powder blend concentrates and the aqueous dispersions of the Examples
do not included pH modifiers such as strong alkalis such as hydroxides or amines.
The materials utilized in these Examples are described below.
PNC 400TM is a acrylic acid homopolymer sodium salt (3V Sigma, Inc., Weehawken NJ)
Neutragel DATM is a acrylic acid lymer sodium salt (3V Sigma, Inc., Weehawken
CARBOPOLTM EZ—3 is a hydrophobically modified cross—linked rylate copolymer.
(Lubrizol, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio)
CARBOPOLTM EZ—2 is a hydrophobically modified cross—linked polyacrylate copolymer
(Lubrizol, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio)
Tego Carbomer 140G is a polyvinyl carboxy polymer cross-linked with ethers of
pentaerythritol (Evonik ries, AG, Essen, Germany).
PNC 600 is an anionic acrylate polymer (Coast Southwest, Placentia, CA)
CARBOPOLTM 694 is a crosslinked acrylic polymer (Noveon, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio)
BentoneTM MA is an natural hectorite clay (Elementis Specialities Inc., Highstown NJ)
BentoneTM EW NA is a natural hectorite clay (Elementis Specialities Inc., Highstown, NJ)
BentoneTM LT is a cellulose modified hectorite clay (Elementis Specialities Inc.,
Highstown, NJ)
VolclayTM FD-l8l is a l sodium bentonite clay (American Celloid Company,
Hoffman s IL)
B20F is an unmodified corn starch (Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine, IA)
Glycerine, such as Glycerine Vegetable, USP #956 from Columbus Vegetable Oils, Des
Plaines, IL
Mineral oil, such as Mineral Oil #900, from Columbus ble Oils, Des Plaines, IL
Soy Methyl Ester, such as Soy Methyl Ester #970 from Columbus Vegetable Oils, Des
Plaines, IL
n Oil, such as Soybean Oil 100 from Columbus Vegetable Oils, Des Plaines, IL or
Roundy’s Vegetable Oil, Roundy’s arkets, Inc, of Milwaukee, WI
Cottonseed Oil, such as Cottonseed 310 from Columbus Vegetable Oils, Des Plaines,
Illinois, 60018 or Cottonseed Oil from SoapGoods, Atlanta, GA
Synthetic Linear Alpha Olefin such as Biobase 200, from Shrieve Chemical, Spring TX.
Powder Examples A’ — Q’ were formulated according to Table 1 below.
Table 1
e r (wt%) Clay (wt%) Starch (Cargill
Unmodified (wt%))
(13151110115 EW NA) 63.5
34 (P\C 400) 5 (Bentone EW NA) 61
34 (P\C 400) 10 (Bentone EW NA) 56
ne EW NA) 51
34 (P\ C 400) 4 (Bentone EW NA) 62
34 (P\C 400) 4.5 (Bentone EW NA) 61.5
55 (Bentone EW NA) 60.5
34 (P\C 400) 6 (Bentone EW NA) 60
34 (P\C 400) 5 (Bentone MA) 61
(v01c1ayFD 181) 61
34 (P\C 400) 5 (Bentone LT) 61
34 (Carbopol EZ 3) 5 (Bentone EW \A) 61
(Bentone EW \A) 61
34 (Tego Carbomer 140 G) 5 (Bentone EW \A) 61
34 (PNC 600) 5 (Bentone EW \A) 61
Q’ 34 (Carbopol 694) 5 (Bentone EW \A) 61
Each powder e A’ — Q’ were diluted with reverse osmosis water (e. g., R0) to a 0.6
wt% s dispersion (Examples A — Q) and assessed for its ability to form a viscous
dispersion at the 0.6 wt % mix ratio of the above powder formulations in reverse osmosis
water. 3.0 grams of powder trate material was measured into 497.0 g of water in a
1000 ml beaker. The samples were mixed using a Kitchen Aid immersion blender with a
variable speed dial set to the lowest speed (1). The blender was immersed in the liquid
and run until a visually homogeneous and smooth dispersion was produced. The
dispersions were covered and left to sit at room ature to develop ibrium
viscosity”, defined as the measured viscosity after 24 hours.
The pH of the equilibrated aqueous dispersions were measured using an IQ Scientific
Instruments Model IQ240 pH meter equipped with a stainless steel probe. The pH meter
was calibrated using a two-point calibration procedure, per manufacturer instructions, in
pH 4 and pH 7 rd buffer solutions. The pH electrode was immersed in the
dispersion, and once a stable pH reading was observed, the value was recorded. The values
are noted in Table 2.
Viscosities of the aqueous dispersions were measured using a Brookfleld Viscometer,
Model RVDVE. All dispersions were stirred by hand with a tongue depressor for
approximately 10 rotations. All equilibrated dispersions were measured at room
temperature, with the viscometer set to either a speed of 30 rpm, or 5 rpm (as noted), using
a Spindle #5. Once a stable reading was displayed, the equilibrium viscosity was noted
after an additional 60 seconds, and recorded in centipoise (cP). Each viscosity g
represents an average of three dispersion sample repetitions. The readings were recorded
at both 30 rpm and 5 rpm, and the e viscosities for each experimental condition are
noted in Table 2.
Burn—Through Test - Each aqueous dispersion made from the Examples was subjected to a
burn test to determine a time value of when the sample aqueous sion loses structural
integrity and no longer protects the surface from fire. A l”x6” pine wood coupon that is
uniformly coated using a Myer bar or similar apparatus with 1A inch of sample s
dispersion at a ular concentration, and placed 17 cm from the tip of a propane fueled
flame apparatus measuring 1800 degrees F at the point of impingement of the coated
surface. The amount of time required to burn through the test material coating and burn a
1” er scorch mark on the coupon is recorded. This test is repeated four times.
Aqueous Dispersion (in R0 water) Examples A — Q were tested and the results are
illustrated in Table 2 below. In Table 2, pH values that were not noted are assumed to be
neutral and in a range from 7.08 to 7.26.
Table 2
Example e Viscosity @ 30 Average Viscosity @ 5 pH
rpm # 5 Spindle rpm # 5 Spindle
A 6800 29000 7.1
B 7700 33000 —
D 7500 33000 7.2
E 7300 33000 7.08
3 8000 —
37000 —
34000 —
J 9300 40000 —
K 8300 36000 —
28000 —
\D 4.4
\D 3.5
\D 3.5
\D 5.7
\D 3.4
ND — not detectable
FIGS. 1A and 1B describe the impact of the variation in polymer to clay ratio on
equilibrium viscosity. Aqueous dispersion Examples A — E, show an cted peak in
viscosity at a hectorite clay concentration of 5wt%, or an acrylic acid homopolymer
sodium salt to clay ratio of 6.8 (Example C). This peak indicates an unexpected synergy
between the acrylic acid homopolymer sodium salt and clay, leading to a desired viscosity
. viscosities were measured at a higher spindle speed, while
viscosities were measured at a slower speed, demonstrating the shear thinning behavior of
these aqueous dispersion Examples.
This synergy was further examined by further ing the clay concentration range and
repeating the equilibrium viscosity measurements. FIG.s 2A and 2B demonstrate the
ivity of the system with t to er to clay ratio. Example C, at the
“optimal ratio” of 6.8, and Examples F — I, on either side of this ratio. viscosities
were again measured at a higher spindle speed, while viscosities were measured
at a slower speed, demonstrating the shear thinning behavior of these aqueous dispersion
Examples.
Example C also exhibits good cling properties when exposed at an approximate 0.3 “inch
thick coating, 1 inch wide, and 6 inches long, on 6 inch x 6 inch plate glass at room
temperature. While shear banding is observed when the plate is placed vertically and the
-l6-
dispersion is allowed to droop along the length of the gel, the ing approximate 2
mm thick uniform sub-layer exhibits good cohesive strength and ins an overall
cling time of r than 2 minutes prior to completely sliding off the surface. e C
was tested on a fire where a specified thermal layer temperature was continuously
measured. A specified and generally equal amount of water and Example C was directed
onto a substrate in the thermal layer zone. Example C suppressed the fire and ed a
ion in the thermal layer temperature of more than 2x the % temperature ion of
water.
Finally, FIGS 3A and 3B describe the impact on viscosity of natural ite, hectorite-
cellulosic modified and bentonite clays at an acrylic acid homopolymer sodium salt to clay
ratio of 6.8. Examples C, J, K and L are graphed demonstrating both the initial dispersion
viscosity (minutes after mixing), and equilibrium viscosity (at 24 hours). The Figure
trates the enhanced performance of simple natural hectorite clays over the
variations as described above.
Table 1 also summarizes a range of other representative carbomer als that were
substituted for the PNC-400 polymer in the formulation, and are described as Examples.
Examples M, N, O, P and Q did not produce viscous dispersions. Example A, with PNC—
400 (or Neutragel DA) only, and no clay, produced a viscous dispersion with low adhesive
strength. Since pH modifiers were not utilized in these formulations, Examples M, N, O,
P and Q did not achieve any thickening. These carbomers (Examples M, N, O, P and Q)
require strong alkalis such as hydroxides or amines, to achieve a thickening effect in
s dispersions.
The following further Examples in Table 3 illustrate the effect of propyl paraben and
choice of vegetable oil for anti—dusting such as cottonseed oil on the physical properties of
aqueous dispersions.
Table 3
Example Polymer Clay Preservative Anti-Dust Starch
(wt%) (Bentone (Propyl (wt%) (Unmodified
EW NA Paraben Starch GPC
(wt%)) (wt%)) BZOF (wt%))
1 36 ragel 5 1.5 52.5
DA) (Cottonseed
Oil — 310)
l (Glycerine,
Vegetable
USP #956)
1 (Soy
Methyl Ester
#970)
3 8 (Neutragel 1 (Mineral
DA) Oil #900)
3 8 (Neutragel 1 (Soybean
Oil #310
3 8 (Neutragel 0.5
DA) (Roundy’s
So bean Oil
3 8 (Neutragel 1.5
DA) (Cottonseed
Oil 310)
3 8 (Neutragel 1 (Bio Base
DA) 200) + 0.5
(Roundy’s
Soybean Oil)
Example 1 was tested utilizing a number of different water hardness levels and a number
of ent solids wt% in s dispersions as illustrated in Generally as the
water hardness increases, the Viscosity level decreases and as the wt% increases the
Viscosity increases.
-l8-
e 1 was tested at a 1.2 %vvt aqueous dispersion at 230 mg/l m carbonate
hardness and at 460 mg/l calcium carbonate hardness as illustrated in Again, as
described above, the viscosity level generally decreases and the water hardness used to
form the s sion increases.
illustrates the burn through times of 0.7 %vvt aqueous dispersions of Example 8
(soybean oil) and Example 10 (cottonseed oil) in very hard water. Surprisingly, Example
(cottonseed oil) provided a higher burn through time by nearly a factor of 2x in this
more challenging water quality.
Thus, embodiments of the AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS AND PRECURSORS THEREOF
are disclosed. The implementations described above and other implementations are within
the scope of the following claims. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the present
disclosure can be practiced with ments other than those sed. The disclosed
embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration and not limitation, and the present
invention is limited only by the claims that follow.
Claims (19)
1. A powder composition comprising starch; 5 acrylic acid homopolymer salt; a vegetable oil and clay; wherein, the powder composition forms an aqueous dispersion when added to water and is capable of clinging to a surface.
2. The powder composition according to claim 1, wherein the vegetable oil comprises seed oil.
3. The powder composition according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the acrylic 15 acid lymer salt comprises sodium polyacrylate.
4. The powder composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the clay comprises a natural hectorite clay. 20
5. The powder composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ition further ses propyl paraben.
6. The powder composition according to claim 1 comprising at least 50 wt% starch; 25 34-38 wt% acrylic acid homopolymer salt; and 4-6 wt% clay.
7. The powder composition ing to claim 1 comprising at least 50 wt% starch; 30 acrylic acid homopolymer salt to clay wt% ratio in a range from 9: 1 to 5: 1.
8. The powder composition according to claims 1 to 7, wherein the powder composition is free of a pH modifier comprising an alkali or amine.
9. The powder composition ing to claim 1 sing 5 at least 50 wt% starch; 34-38 wt% acrylic acid homopolymer salt; 4-6 wt% clay; 0.5-3 wt% vegetable oil; and 0.5-7 wt% preservative comprising propyl paraben.
10. The powder composition according to claim 1 comprising at least 50 wt% starch; 34-38 wt% acrylic acid homopolymer salt; 4-6 wt% clay; 15 1-2 wt% vegetable oil; and 1-5 wt% preservative sing propyl paraben.
11. The powder composition according to claim 1 comprising at least 50 wt% corn starch; 34-38 wt% sodium polyacrylate; 20 4-6 wt% hectorite clay; 1-2 wt% cottonseed oil; and 1-5 wt% preservative comprising propyl paraben.
12. An aqueous sion composition comprising 25 water; and the powder composition according to any one of claim 1 to 11; wherein the aqueous dispersion has a neutral pH, is shear thinning and thixotropic.
13. The s dispersion according to claim 12, wherein the aqueous dispersion 30 has a pH in a range from 6.5 to 7.5.
14. The aqueous dispersion ing to any one of claims 12 to 13, wherein the aqueous dispersion has solids concentration in a range from 0.1 to 2 wt%.
15. The aqueous dispersion according to claims 12 to 13, wherein the aqueous 5 dispersion has a 0.6-0.8% wt solids concentration and a viscosity in a range from 5000- 15000 cP with a #5 spindle at 5 rpm.
16. A method comprising forming the aqueous sion according to claims 13 to 15; 10 directing the aqueous dispersion onto a substrate and the aqueous dispersion clings to the substrate.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the s dispersion is directed onto a substrate to suppress a fire.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the g step occurs without a pH modifier comprising an alkali or amine.
19. An aqueous dispersion composition comprising; 20 water; and the powder composition ing to claim 1 to 11; wherein the aqueous dispersion has a neutral pH and forms a flocculent. RPM TF3 SPENBLE PQWQER 1A WETH CLAY fig” ETY % @533 95% 23 E3 Eg 3% ég $3 $3 #3 7099: 6900 {d3} MESGSSEA SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 96393 SPENBLE PGWBER 8.3 iN @333 WETH CLAY am ViSCQSiTY % m on ($2) msmgm SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 3:11 3% 55 8E¥NDLE WETH 859a~mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmn 5f} EGWDEE 2A MEASUREMENT iN CLAY fig; 4.5 % VESCOSEW REEiEEQ 4.9 95GB (‘53 {3 C3 w 75653 "33% QQQA SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 96393 AT @E SEiNDLE WETH 5Q EOWQER MEASUREMENT 2 CLAY T ‘1 1-?ng ® 4‘5 % VESCGSETY REFENED @141. 426% 8 8 8 g a 3 0’3 m 0’2 328% {:59} AliSQGSi/X SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) u m, g A WEE wgfim wgfim mfigfim w m w x mm immamwg m ® x mfizfim gammgmaw mammm wwfio Emmmmwmm S ywmwwowfi .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... m Q x immommmifizm 5»... {d3} msaasm SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 3:11 m w x am mfififixm mfigfixm mifigfixm mfigfimm m m ® x fimmmumfi ”Ram w‘mmzmmm finmmmmwmaw @2me imwmmmfi Emmsmmfi EEZM S ‘ 80mm mammm {d3} AiiSQQSiA SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ‘E’i’i’i ERGEYL EARAEEN EFFECT AT 3.27% S DESPERSQNS EN 233 mgiL CALCiEM CAREGNATE HARENESE: SPENDLE #5 AT 5 RPM aaaaaafl‘ N®HEXAMPLEZ 33 aeae‘ wEmEXAMFLEE 3} QEMEXAMPLE4 590% 4990 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 299a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE 1 2 EAYS SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ST TREALS AT 3.7% AQUEQUS DiSPERSiGNS m 239 mgiL CALCREM CAREQEATE HARDNESS WATER: SPENQLE #5 AT 5 REM "fir" EXAMPLES ”Em EXAMPLEE mEXAMPLE? VESCQSE 'W- EXAMPLE 8 “Q“ EXAMPLEQ wk" EXAMPLH “3'6“ EXAMF'LE 10 "ER“ EXAMPLE 11 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161578422P | 2011-12-21 | 2011-12-21 | |
US61/578,422 | 2011-12-21 | ||
US201261644015P | 2012-05-08 | 2012-05-08 | |
US61/644,015 | 2012-05-08 | ||
PCT/US2012/070518 WO2013096393A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2012-12-19 | Aqueous dispersions and precursors thereof |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NZ624933A NZ624933A (en) | 2016-08-26 |
NZ624933B2 true NZ624933B2 (en) | 2016-11-29 |
Family
ID=
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