NZ620801B2 - Movement joint - Google Patents

Abstract

free movement, arris protection, construction joint (1 - Fig 1) is disclosed. The joint has a pair of arris protection members (2,3 - Fig 3) formed complementarily from strips of sheet with a continuous trapezium wave form. A divider one (2) of the members is typically 100mm deep for a nominal 0.1m deep slab. The other one (3 - Fig 3) is typically 50mm deep. The members are of steel plate. The wave form is comprised of flanges (4,5) extending in the length of the joint and of webs (6) angled to the flanges and the length of the joint. The flanges (4,5) are spaced on opposite sides of a mid-plane of the joint. The members (2,3) are bolted together with frangible nylon bolts (8 - Fig 1), with their top (in use) edges flush. Welded to the outer ones of the flanges are L strips (9) having apertures (10) in their flats extending from the flanges for anchoring the joint to its slabs. Beneath the anchor members, extending out from every other flat (5) of the deep divider one (2) of the protection members are load transfer dowels (14 - Fig 1), with sleeves (15 - Fig 1) on their extent across the mid-plane and beyond. In use, concrete is cast with a horizontally castellated edge, castellations at positions (16) being bounded by the divider member (2). Complementary castellations on the other side of the joint at the positions interdigitate with the first castellations. The castellations extend to the full depth of the slabs and can be expected to have a long life. m deep slab. The other one (3 - Fig 3) is typically 50mm deep. The members are of steel plate. The wave form is comprised of flanges (4,5) extending in the length of the joint and of webs (6) angled to the flanges and the length of the joint. The flanges (4,5) are spaced on opposite sides of a mid-plane of the joint. The members (2,3) are bolted together with frangible nylon bolts (8 - Fig 1), with their top (in use) edges flush. Welded to the outer ones of the flanges are L strips (9) having apertures (10) in their flats extending from the flanges for anchoring the joint to its slabs. Beneath the anchor members, extending out from every other flat (5) of the deep divider one (2) of the protection members are load transfer dowels (14 - Fig 1), with sleeves (15 - Fig 1) on their extent across the mid-plane and beyond. In use, concrete is cast with a horizontally castellated edge, castellations at positions (16) being bounded by the divider member (2). Complementary castellations on the other side of the joint at the positions interdigitate with the first castellations. The castellations extend to the full depth of the slabs and can be expected to have a long life.

Description

MOVEMENT JOINT The present invention relates to a movement joint, in particular of the type used in the laying of concrete, remaining in place thereafter and allowing free movement of concrete slabs on opposite sides of the joint.

Movement joints are provided between concrete slabs to allow them to separate at intended joint lines as the concrete shrinks on curing after laying.

Many joints include a divider between adjacent slabs and against which concrete is poured. In this respect, the joints perform the function of concrete shuttering. In this specification, we refer to such a joint as a ruction joint”. In a uction joint the divider will be suited to the nominal depth of the te. It may not be the full depth of the slabs in that the sub-base on which the te is laid may not be sufficiently level for the divider to abut the se along the entire length of the joint. In such situation, some concrete can be expected to pass under the divider, but the depth will be sufficient for the concrete to be tamped level with the top of the joint.

The edges or arrises of the concrete at a joint require support against spalling, that is breaking off in shear and/or impact as from forklift truck tyres.

Many forms of arris protection have been used. One early example, left in situ from casting, was the use of angle irons set up on wooden ring.

More recently strip steel on edge has been used, anchored into the concrete, ly by means of a number of studs angled down and extending towards the body of the slab. A typical construction joint of this type is shown in our patent application No EP 1,867,783. It’s abstract is: “Apparatus for forming the edge of a concrete floor slab, the tus comprises a divider plate formed with a plurality of apertures, dowels for engaging through the res and sleeves for applying to the dowels, in which the divider plate is provided with means, in use, to adjust the height thereof above the ground. The -adjustment means comprises a removable jack.” In this joint, known as our Alpha Joint, we provided a pair of arris tion rails, one welded to the top of the divider plate and the other frangibly connected to the one.

Each was provided with spaced anchor bolts for anchoring the rails to their concrete slabs. The arris rails being of square section had good anti-spalling action.

Despite providing a good measure of protection against spalling, this joint has an nt problem in that, wherever a joint is straight and has opened to tens of millimetres, due to tyres, typically of a fork lift truck having solid tyres and little or no sprung suspension, dropping partially into the opening and striking against the opposite side of the joint. The resulting impacts are liable to cause eventual oration of the joint. s arrangements have been provided for further reinforcement of the arrises including plates set flush with the e of the concrete, as developments of the use of angle irons. Amongst these developments are plates extending across the opening in the joint. Further, these plates can have interdigitated edges, whereby a tyre passing across the joint encounters a sinusoidal gap between the plates. This is advantageous in preventing the simultaneous impact across the width of a tyre passing over the gap.

Such sinuosity has been provided not only in horizontal plates but also in arris members extending down from the surface of the concrete having the joint. These sinusoidal arris members have been mounted on top of vertical members extending lower into the joint. This makes for cost and complexity in fabrication.

The object of the present invention is to e an improved free movement, uction joint.

According to the invention there is provided a free movement, arris protection, construction joint for dividing the concrete during pouring of slabs on opposite sides of the joint, the joint having a top-to m depth in its use orientation, giving this depth to the slabs, the joint comprising: x a pair of elongate fabrications one for each side of the joint and means for frangibly connecting the formations together, the fabrications including: x means for anchoring them in the respective te slabs on opposite sides of the joint, x arris protection members for the respective concrete slabs at each side of the joint, x the arris protection members being complementarily formed along the length of the joint with a regular wave shape, with each member extending regularly across a mid-plane of the joint from one side to the other and back again at successive positions along the joint at least whilst the fabrications remain frangibly connected, x at least one of them having width erse the length of the joint giving the joint its top-to -bottom depth and being configured to act as a divider for dividing the concrete slabs and x the regular wave shape extending throughout the depth of the arris tion members, including the or each dividing one, whereby on g the slabs are formed with interdigitated concrete fingers edged at their arrises by the arris protection members and extending h the depth of the slabs.

Whether one only or both of the wave shaped arris protection members extends to the full depth of the joint, it imparts the wave shape to the concrete to the depth of the joint at least, as joint opens. Not only does this arrangement provide for ssive load transfer from one slab to the next as a vehicle crosses the joint, but the portions of the concrete extending furthest s the other slab do not react the load applied to them as unsupported s in bending, but as columns in compression – in which stress state concrete is well known to be stronger.

The wave form can be curved such as sinusoidal, or angular as in saw tooth, triangu lar or square. The preferred wave form is trapezoidal, in maximising the range of the angles of approach of vehicles to the joint in which progressive load transfer is achieved.

As intimated above, both arris protection members can have the same depth in the joint. However, in some embodiments, one of the arris protection s, although being flush at the intended concrete level, is not so deep at as the other, divider one.

Preferably the anchor es are comprised of continuous welded on members , the welding conveniently being at the furthest extent of the arrisprotection /divider members from the mid plane of the joint, that is at lateral wave peaks. In the preferred embodiment, the members are angle members with apertures punched for ing in the concrete. Alternatively the anchoring members can be lengths of reinforcing bar, again welded to the lateral wave peaks and anchoring at their extent h the concrete between the peaks.

Whilst it is envisaged that the or additional anchoring features could be provided close to the flush edges of the arris-protection/divider members, this is not expected to be necessary with these members being wave shaped and the anchoring features as preferably set down from the flush edges.

As normal for free movement, arris protection, construction joints, the divider member is preferably ed with welded-in -place dowels extending plainly outwards of the mid-plane on the r side and having sleeves in their extent on the other side of the joint for transferring al load between the slabs on opposite sides of the joint. The dowels may be of the plate or bar type.

Preferably, the ends of the joint are mentarily formed for connection of r such joint to the end of the joint, the joint having: x a portion of one arris protection member extending beyond the other at one end, x a complementary portion of other arris protection member extending beyond the one at the other end and x means for frangibly connecting the said portions together for connecting the joint to another such joint. r it is preferred that part of the anchoring means at the side of the joint having the one portion s onto and is fixed onto the one portion and is fixed onto the other end of the side of the joint short of the mentary portion of the other arris tion member.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of casting concrete slabs, comprising: x providing a free nt arris tion joint as claimed in claim 1 along either side of which concrete slabs are to be cast; x casting a first slab against a first side of the joint; and x casting a second slab against the other side of the joint, whereby the slabs are cast with a horizontally castellated edge, the castellat ions of the first slab being interdigitated with the castellations of the second slab, each castellation being bound an arris protection member and extending to the full depth of the slab.

To help understanding of the invention, a specific embodiment thereof will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of a free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to the invention; Figure 2 is a perspective view of the joint of Figure 1, when closed as in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 of the joint when open as induced by concrete shrinkage; Figure 4 is a side view of second joint of the invention; Figure 5 is a plan view of the second joint of Figure 5; Figure 6 is a perspective end view of the second joint of Figure 5; Figure 7 is a scrap plan view of the joint of Figure 5 connected to another such joint; Figure 8 is a plan view of the joint of Figure 5 between two concrete slabs on initial curing of the concrete; Figure 9 is a plan view similar to Figure 8 after concrete shrinkage and joint opening; Figure 10 is a perspective view of a wheel supported at the joint of Figure 5; Figure 11 is a cross-sectional end view of the joint and concrete on the line XI -XI in Figure 10, i.e. through joint members on the mid-plane of the joint, with the wheel centred on the ane; Figure 12 is a similar cross-sectional view on the line XII-XII in Figure 10, i.e. through a castellation extending from one slab with one side of the wheel supported on this slab and its castellation; and Figure 13 is a similar cross-sectional view on the line XIII-XIII in Figure 10, i.e. through a castellation extending from the other slab with the other side of the wheel supported on this other slab and its castellation. ing to the drawings, a free movement, arris protection, construction joint 1 has a pair of arris protection members 2,3 formed complementarily from strips of sheet with a continuous trapezium wave form. A divider one 2 of the members is typically 100mm deep for a nominal 0.1m deep slab. The other one 3 is lly 50mm deep. The members are of 2mm steel plate, either mild (possibly galvanised) or stainless.

The wave form is comprised of flanges 4,5, typically ing 150mm in the length of the joint and of webs 6, extending at 45q to the s and the length of the joint. The flanges 4,5 are spaced 150mm on opposite sides of a mid-plane 7 of the joint. The members 2,3 are bolted together with flangible nylon bolts 8, with their top (in use) edges flush.

Welded to the outer ones of the flanges are L strips 9 having apertures 10 in their flats 11 extending from the flanges for anchoring the joint to its slabs. The bolts pass h welded on ones 12 of the flats of the divider plate anchor strip. h the anchor members, extending out from every other flat 5 of the deep divider one 2 of the protection members are load transfer dowels 14, with sleeves 15 on their extent across the mid-plane and beyond.

In Figure 3 the joint is shown separated, albeit without concrete being shown.

It will be appreciated that the concrete is cast with a ntally castellated edge, castellations at ons 16 being bounded by the divider member 2. Complementary castellations on the other side of the joint at the positions 17 interdigitate with the first castellations 16. As the joint opens, with concrete slab shrinkage, the castellations and their s are edged and protected by the s 2,3. The castellations extend to the full depth of the slabs. Thus as a vehicle moves over the joint, the load applied down onto the castellations is compressively transferred to the sub-base, below the slabs. The castellations are full depth to the sub-base and in the absence of impact loads, with the wave-form gap developing between being too small for the vehicle’s wheel to enter, the castellations can be expected to have a long life. With no or negligible impact loads the arrises of the castellations will not be subject to crack inducing es. The members 2,3 are kept in close contact with their castellations where these are bounded by at the gap by the relatively short flanges 4,5 which are tied back by the webs 6 to the other flanges 4,5. The latter are anchored to the concrete by the anchoring strips 9. g now to s 4 to 11, the second joint is essentially similar to that of Figures 1 to 3, except that the webs 106 are set at 60q to the flanges 104,105. The pitch of the wave form is 150mm, the flanges are spaced nominally by 50mm on opposite sides of the mid-plane 107 and the flanges are nominally 42mm long. The skilled reader will (i.) appreciate that with each of the arris protection joint members 102,103 being comprised of flanges 104 and flanges 105 interconnected by webs 106, for the members to fit y together, each of the flanges 104,105 are of slight ly shorter and slightly longer ones, lying against each other and connected to webs lying against each other, and (ii.) be able to calculate the exact dimensions of the shorter and longer flanges to enable the members 102,103 to fit together. As shown, both members 102,103 are nominally 175mm wide for this depth slab.

The outside/longer ones of the flanges 5 have two lengths of 8mm rebar welded to them. Three of four of these lengths 93 are set 30mm from the edges of the members. The fourth 94 is set 60mm from its respective edge. At this level it has 20x20mm square dowels 140 extending above it, the dowels being welded to this bar and to the joint member having this rebar welded to it. The dowels are provided at every other peak of the sinuosity of the joint on one side thereof. They extend 160mm from the rebar. On the other side of the joint, the dowels extend by 200mm and each has a plastic sleeve 150. This r extension allows for 40mm of joint opening and still the same 160mm within the sleeve, for load transfer. This ement places the dowels below one third of the depth of the joint, whereby they are not liable to be cut into if and when the slabs are saw cut for stress relief – normally to one third the depth of the slab. On the other hand, the upper ing rebar lengths 91,92 are within the top third of the depth of the joint and are liable to be cut into in saw cutting. Nevertheless, they retain their cy in anchoring the joint members at the saw cut due to their regular welding to the flanges of the members.

It will be noted that the joint members 102,103 have a series of apertures 110,111 for known supports to hold the joint at installation height above the sub-base 112. The apertures are provided in pairs on adjacent s 104,105 on opposite sides of the joint, whereby the joint can be supported from either side. r, the joint members are frangibly connected together by nylon bolts 80 spaced along the joint between the dowels and at the same height as them. Further frangible bolts 81 and wing nuts 82 are provided for interconnecting joints end to end for an extended joint. At one end of the individual joints, the rebar lengths 92,94 are welded onto an outer flange 105, with the inner flange being omitted here. At the other end, the inner flange 105 is present, and the rebar s are welded to the ends of the web 106 of their joint member. The ends are complementary and are bolted together in use by a bolt 81 and wing nut 82. This arrangement provides continuity along the joint of divider capability for concrete pouring.

Once slabs 155, 156 are cast on opposite sides of the joint, the rebar lengths are embedded in the concrete for anchoring of the joint members. The slabs extend as inter -digita ted castellations 160,170 separated by the sinuosity of the joint. The castellations extend to the sub-base 112. ssive load transfer from one slab to the next can the appreciated from Figures 8 to 11. Initially the wheel is supported on one slab 155. As it approaches the joint, load is transferred to the other via the dowels. At the joint, it is supported first primarily on a castellation 160 of the first slab 155 and progressively on a lation 170 of the other slab 156 as it rolls over the joint obliquely along the webs 106 beneath it. Thus there is a progressive transfer of load from one slab to the other.

The invention is not intended to be restricted to the details of the above described embodiments. For instance, other sinuous wave forms could be used in particular idal. Further it is not essential for both of the arris protection members of the joint to be of full slab depth. For deep slabs, material can be economise on by the bottom of one stopping short of full depth. With such an arrangement, one rebar anchor can be envisaged for this member but two will ly be provided.

Claims (15)

CLAIMS :

1. A free nt, arris protection, construction joint for dividing the concrete during pouring of slabs on opposite sides of the joint, the joint having a top-to-bottom depth in its use orientation, giving this depth to the slabs, the joint comprising: 5 o a pair of te fabrications one for each side of the joint and means for frangibly connecting the formations together, the fabrications including: 0 means for anchoring them in the respective concrete slabs on opposite sides of the joint, 0 arris protection members for the respective concrete slabs at each side of 10 the joint, 0 the arris protection members being complementarily formed along the length of the joint with a regular wave shape, with each member ing regularly across a mid-plane of the joint from one side to the other and back again at successive positions along the joint at least 15 whilst the fabrications remain frangibly connected, 0 at least one of them: 0 having width transverse the length of the joint giving the joint its top-to-bottom depth, the width being suitable for the depth of load bearing te slabs, and 20 0 being red to act as a divider for dividing the concrete slabs o the regular wave shape extending throughout the depth of the arris protection members, including the or each dividing one, whereby on pouring, the slabs are formed with interdigitated concrete fingers edged 25 at their arrises by the arris protection members and extending through the depth of the slabs and o -in-place dowels extending plainly outwards of the mid-plane on one side of the joint and having sleeves in their extent on the other side of the joint for transferring vertical load between the slabs on opposite sides 30 of the joint, wherein: o the anchoring means comprises continuous welded-on members, the welding conveniently being at the furthest extent of the arris-protection members from the mid plane of the joint, that is at lateral wave peaks and o the dowels being welded to the arris-protection member on the one side of the joint and to the continuous welded-on anchor members at this one side of the joint.

2. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 1, wherein one of the arris protection members has width equal to the top—to-bottom depth of the joint. 10

3. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 1, wherein both of the arris protection members have width equal to the top-to-bottom depth of the joint.

4. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 1, wherein the regular wave shape is either curved, typically sinusoidal, or angular, 15 typically, saw tooth, triangular, square or trapezoidal.

5. A free movement, arris tion, uction joint according to claim 1, wherein the continuous welded-on s are angle members with apertures punched for anchoring in the concrete.

6. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 1, 20 wherein the continuous welded-on members are lengths of reinforcing bar.

7. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 1, wherein the anchoring means are set down from flush top edges of the arris protection members.

8. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 7, 25 wherein the ing means or part thereof is set down from the top of the joint by not more than one third the top-to-bottom depth of the slab.

9. A free nt, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 7, including.

10. A free movement, arris protection, uction joint according to claim 7, n the dowels are set down from the top of the joint by more than one third the -bottom depth of the slab.

11. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint ing to claim 7, wherein the dowels are of plate type.

12. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 7, n the dowels are of bar type.

13. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint according to claim 7, wherein the ends of the joint are mentarily formed for connection of another such joint to the end of the joint, the joint having: 0 a portion of one arris protection member extending beyond the other at one end, 0 a complementary portion of other arris protection member extending beyond the one at the other end and 10 0 means for frangibly connecting the said portions together for connecting the joint to another such joint.

14. A free movement, arris protection, construction joint ing to claim 13, wherein part of the anchoring means at the side of the joint having the one n extends onto and is fixed onto the one portion and is fixed onto the other end of the 15 side of the joint short of the complementary portion of the other arris protection member.

15. A method of casting concrete slabs, comprising: 0 providing, on a sub-base, a free movement arris protection joint ing to claim 1, along either side of which concrete slabs are to be cast; 20 0 casting a first slab against a first side of the joint; and o casting a second slab against the other side of the joint, whereby the slabs are cast with a horizontally castellated edge, the castellations of the first slab being interdigitated with the castellations of the second slab, each castellation being bound by an arris protection member and extending through the full 25 depth of the slab to the sub-base.