NZ619990B2 - Animal supplements and compositions containing soluble monensin and methods therefor - Google Patents
Animal supplements and compositions containing soluble monensin and methods therefor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NZ619990B2 NZ619990B2 NZ619990A NZ61999012A NZ619990B2 NZ 619990 B2 NZ619990 B2 NZ 619990B2 NZ 619990 A NZ619990 A NZ 619990A NZ 61999012 A NZ61999012 A NZ 61999012A NZ 619990 B2 NZ619990 B2 NZ 619990B2
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- monensin
- solvent
- present
- animal
- Prior art date
Links
- 229960005358 Monensin Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 221
- GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-GDMSFIFLSA-N (2R,3S,4R)-4-[(2R,5R,7S,8R,9S)-2-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(2S,3R,5S)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@](O1)(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](O2)(CC)[C@@H]2[C@@H](C[C@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(CO)O2)C)C)C[C@@]21C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)O2 GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-GDMSFIFLSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 220
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 188
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N Oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 208000003495 Coccidiosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 206010023076 Isosporiasis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229940046009 Vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000003712 vitamin E derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 13
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 8
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000271566 Aves Species 0.000 description 5
- 210000004080 Milk Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000286209 Phasianidae Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223924 Eimeria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000223933 Eimeria bovis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000059290 Eimeria christenseni Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000146358 Eimeria crandallis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000059291 Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001218082 Eimeria zuernii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001575 pathological Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000002198 Annona diversifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283726 Bison Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283725 Bos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282817 Bovidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229960003563 Calcium Carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000282832 Camelidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003746 Feathers Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000282818 Giraffidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000007976 Ketosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282838 Lama Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N Monensin Chemical compound C([C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](O2)(CC)[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(CO)O2)C)C)C[C@@]21C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)C(O)=O)O2 GAOZTHIDHYLHMS-KEOBGNEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monoctanoin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001502395 Ovibos moschatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000006551 Parasitic Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 Stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 241000187434 Streptomyces cinnamonensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000271567 Struthioniformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000251539 Vertebrata <Metazoa> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001416177 Vicugna pacos Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021052 average daily weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010192 crystallographic characterization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002555 ionophore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000236 ionophoric Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004140 ketosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FSVSNKCOMJVGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.CCCCCCCC(O)=O FSVSNKCOMJVGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOIQMTLWECTKJL-FBZUZRIGSA-M sodium;(2S,3R,4S)-4-[(2S,5R,7S,8R,9S)-2-[(2R,5S)-5-ethyl-5-[(2R,3S,5R)-5-[(2S,3S,5R,6R)-6-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5-dimethyloxan-2-yl]-3-methyloxolan-2-yl]oxolan-2-yl]-7-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-1,10-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-9-yl]-3-methoxy-2-methylpentanoate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@](O1)(C)[C@H]2CC[C@@](O2)(CC)[C@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](O2)[C@@H]2[C@H](C[C@@H](C)[C@](O)(CO)O2)C)C)C[C@@]21C[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)C([O-])=O)O2 XOIQMTLWECTKJL-FBZUZRIGSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/195—Antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/42—Dry feed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/351—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with another ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
Abstract
animal feed supplement in solution form, comprises monensin present in the supplement in a concentration of 5% to about 40% (weight/weight) of the solution, and a solvent selected from mixtures of at least two of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate with the solvent being present in the supplement in a concentration of about 60% to 95% (weight/weight) of the solution. A food composition comprising the above described animal feed supplement and an animal feed. The above described animal food composition is useful for preventing or treating of coccidiosis in an animal for example a bovine or a goat. di-caprylate with the solvent being present in the supplement in a concentration of about 60% to 95% (weight/weight) of the solution. A food composition comprising the above described animal feed supplement and an animal feed. The above described animal food composition is useful for preventing or treating of coccidiosis in an animal for example a bovine or a goat.
Description
ANIMAL SUPPLEMENTS AND COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SOLUBLE
MONENSIN AND METHODS THEREFOR
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.
61/515,445, filed on August 5, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference.
Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic isolated from the bacteria Streptomyces
cinnamonensis. In veterinary medicine, monensin can be advantageously
administered to animals for a variety of purposes. For example, administration of a
therapeutically effective dose of monensin can be utilized for the treatment or
prevention of ketosis and/or bloat, for the enhancement of milk production efficiency,
for the enhancement of milk protein content in milk, for the enhancement of mineral
uptake, for the enhancement of weight gain, for the enhancement of feed conversion
efficiency, and the provision of desirable reproduction advantages.
Monensin is typically administered via a solid formulation that is ingested by an
animal. For instance, a solid formulation of monensin can be a combined with a
mineral mix (for example, a solid mineral mix) and/or an animal feed, followed by
consumption of the combination by an animal. For bovines, the daily intake of
monensin ingestion is targeted at about 50 milligrams (mg) to about 500 mg per head
per day.
However, when a solid formulation of monensin is combined with a mineral mix
and/or an animal feed, the amount of the combination ingested by an animal,
particularly a bovine, is typically decreased compared to combinations that do not
contain monensin. Without being bound by any theory, it is hypothesized that the
solid formulation of monensin may have a taste which the animal prefers less than the
monensin-free formulation. As a result, the animal may reduce its intake and
ingestion of the monensin-containing combination. As hypothesized, the taste of the
solid monensin formulation could be problematic to veterinary practice. For instance,
the taste could decrease the intake of monensin itself and thus inhibit its therapeutic
effectiveness. In addition, the taste could lower the consumption of the combined
mineral mixes and feed, thus potentially contributing to myriad other problems in
animals due to the decreased intake of nourishment.
Therefore, there exists a need for compositions and methods utilizing monensin that
overcomes the limitations of its current solid formulations in order to benefit the
intake of monensin, minerals, and feeds by animals. It is an object of the present
invention to go some way towards meeting this need, and/or to at least provide the
public with a useful choice. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides utilization
of a soluble formulation of monensin that exhibits desirable properties and provides
related advantages for its intake in animals.
More specifically, a first aspect of the present invention provides an animal feed
supplement in solution form, comprising monensin present in said supplement in a
concentration of 5% to about 40% (weight/weight) of said solution, and a solvent
selected from mixtures of at least two of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol,
vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, wherein said solvent is present in
said supplement in a concentration of about 60% to 95% (weight/weight) of said
solution.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a food composition comprising an
animal feed supplement of the first aspect, and an animal feed.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a method of improving feed
efficiency comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition
of the second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating of
coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition
of the second aspect.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a food
composition of the second aspect, comprising combining an animal feed supplement
of the first aspect with an animal feed.
A sixth aspect of the present invention provides an animal feed supplement in solution
form, consisting essentially of monensin present in said supplement in a concentration
of 5% to about 40% (weight/weight) of said solution, and a solvent selected from
mixtures of at least two of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E,
ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, wherein said solvent is present in said
supplement in a concentration of about 60% to 95% (weight/weight) of said solution.
A seventh aspect of the present invention provides a food composition comprising an
animal feed supplement of the sixth aspect, and an animal feed.
An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a method of improving feed
efficiency comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition
of the seventh aspect.
A ninth aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating
coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition
of the seventh aspect.
A tenth aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing a food
composition of the seventh aspect, comprising combining an animal feed supplement
of the sixth aspect with an animal feed.
In the description in this specification reference may be made to subject matter which
is not within the scope of the appended claims. That subject matter should be readily
identifiable by a person skilled in the art and may assist in putting into practice the
invention as defined in the appended claims.
The term “comprising” as used in this specification and claims means “consisting at
least in part of”. When interpreting statements in this specification and claims which
include the term “comprising”, other features besides the features prefaced by this
term in each statement can also be present. Related terms such as “comprises” are to
be interpreted in similar manner.
The present disclosure demonstrates that the reduced intake of monensin can be
overcome in animals by utilizing a soluble formulation comprising monensin and a
solvent. By combining the soluble formulation of monensin with a mineral mix
and/or an animal feed, the present invention overcomes the potential limitations of
monensin’s taste when used as a solid formulation.
The present disclosure provides animal feed supplements comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of monensin and a solvent, wherein the supplement is a solution.
The disclosure also provides food compositions comprising a therapeutically effective
amount of monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed, methods of administering the
food compositions, and processes for making the food compositions.
The monensin-containing animal feed supplements and food compositions according
to the present disclosure provide several advantages compared to supplements and
compositions utilizing a solid monensin formulation. First, the monensin-containing
supplements and compositions of the present disclosure allow for increased intake of
monensin by animals compared to products using a solid monensin formulation.
Second, the ingestion of mineral mixes and animal feeds by animals are may also be
increased compared to those using a solid monensin formulation. These advantages
could be the result of the hypothesized improved taste of the monensin-containing
animal feed supplements and food compositions according to the present disclosure.
Third, the monensin-containing compositions of the present disclosure are easier to
mix homogenously, thus resulting in better spreading and minimized segregation of
the product compared to those using a solid monensin formulation. Fourth, the
monensin-containing supplements of the present disclosure may be prepared as
solutions without the requirement of complex additional ingredients and can be easily
combined with a mineral mix and/or an animal feed. Finally, the monensin-
containing compositions of the present disclosure can be prepared easily and
inexpensively compared to preparations using the solid monensin formulation, and
could potentially be prepared on-site at the place of consumption.
Various embodiments of the present application utilize an animal feed supplement
containing monensin and a solvent, wherein the supplement is a solution. As used
herein, the term “solution” refers to a substantially homogenous one-phase system of
two or more substances, for example a solute and a solvent. As used herein, the term
“solute” refers to the dissolving phase of a solution. In some embodiments, the solute
is monensin.
As used herein, the term “solvent” refers to the dispersing medium of a solution. In
some embodiments, the solvent is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure, and
one capable of solubilizing an appreciable amount of a specified solid solute. Solids
vary from 0-100% in their degree of solubility. See, e.g., “Solubility Parameters of
Organic Compounds,” CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62d ed., C-699,
CRC Press; N. Irving Sax and Richard J. Lewis, Sr., Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary, 11th ed., 1079 (1987). The term “solvent” also includes combinations of
two or more solvents.
As used herein, the term “monensin” refers to monensin base, pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of monensin, or other salts of monensin. The term “pharmaceutically
acceptable salt” refers to an addition salt that exists in conjunction with the acidic or
basic portion of monensin. Such salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts
listed in HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL SALTS: PROPERTIES,
SELECTION AND USE, P. H. Stahl and C. G. Wermuth (Eds.), Wiley-VCH, New
York, 2002 which are known to the skilled artisan. In some embodiments,
“monensin” is monensin sodium.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of an acid addition nature are formed when
monensin and any of its intermediates containing a basic functionality are reacted
with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable acids
commonly employed to form such acid addition salts include inorganic and organic
acids. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a base addition nature are formed when
monensin and any of its intermediates containing an acidic functionality are reacted
with a pharmaceutically acceptable base. Pharmaceutically acceptable bases
commonly employed to form base addition salts include organic and inorganic bases.
In addition to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, other salts are included in the present
invention. They may serve as intermediates in the purification of compounds or in the
preparation of other pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, or are useful for identification,
characterization or purification.
Solvents according to the present disclosure are pharmaceutically acceptable for
ingestion by an animal. A number of pharmaceutically acceptable solvents are known
in the art. In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of
benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and
di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the solvent is benzyl
alcohol. In other embodiments, the solvent is oleic acid. In other embodiments, the
solvent is a derivatized propylene glycol (e.g., propylene glycol monocaprylate
(Capryol 90™, Gattefossé Canada Inc). In other embodiments, the solvent is vitamin
E. In other embodiments, the solvent is ethanol. In other embodiments, the solvent is
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate (i.e., Capmul MCM™, ABITEC Corporation).
The amount of monensin in the supplement is adequate to achieve a therapeutic effect.
As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount which
gives the desired benefit to an animal and includes both treatment and prophylactic
administration. The amount will vary from one individual to another and will depend
upon a number of factors, including the overall physical condition of the animal and
the underlying cause of the condition to be treated. The amount of monensin used for
therapy gives an acceptable rate of change and maintains desired response at a
beneficial level. A therapeutically effective amount of the present supplements may
be readily ascertained by one of ordinary skill in the art using publicly available
materials and procedures.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of monensin in the
supplement can vary. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of monensin
can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 5% to about 40%
(weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the
amount of monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about
% to about 35% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some
embodiments, the amount of monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount
of between about 5% to about 30% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus
solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin can be present in the
supplement in an amount of between about 5% to about 25% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 5% to
about 20% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some
embodiments, the amount of monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount
of between about 10% to about 20% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus
solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin is present in the
supplement in an amount of about 25% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin
plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin is present in the
supplement in an amount of about 20% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin
plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin is present in the
supplement in an amount of about 15% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin
plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin is present in the
supplement in an amount of about 10% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin
plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin is present in the
supplement in an amount of about 5% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus
solvent)).
The amount of monensin in the supplement is a sufficient amount to provide animals,
such as bovines, with between about 50 mg to about 500 mg per head per day. In
some embodiments, the amount of monensin in the supplement provides animals with
between about 100 mg of monensin to about 400 mg of monensin per day. In some
embodiments, the amount of monensin in the supplement provides animals with about
100 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the amount of monensin in the
supplement provides animals with about 200 mg of monensin per day. In some
embodiments, the amount of monensin in the supplement provides animals with about
250 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the amount of monensin in the
supplement provides animals with about 300 mg of monensin per day.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of solvent in the
supplement can vary. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of solvent can
be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 60% to about 95%
(weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). For example, in some
embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of
between about 70% to about 95% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). For example, in some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be
present in the supplement in an amount of between about 75% to about 95% (weight
of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). For example, in some embodiments,
the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about
80% to about 95% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). In some
embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of
between about 80% to about 90% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 75% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 80% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 85% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 90% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 95% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)).
In some embodiments described in the present disclosure, the supplements are
associated with an improvement in consumption of the supplement. As used herein,
the term “improvement in consumption” can refer to an increase in the amount of
monensin consumed by an animal fed the supplement of the present disclosure
compared to the amount of monensin consumed by an animal fed a solid formulation
of monensin. In some embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a
rate of about 50 mg of monensin to about 500 mg of monensin per day. In some
embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100 mg of
monensin to about 400 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the
supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100 mg of monensin per day.
In some embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about
200 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the supplement is consumed by
an animal at a rate of about 250 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the
supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 300 mg of monensin per day.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed is
described. As used herein, the term “animal feed” refers to a composition that can be
ingested by an animal, such as an animal feedstuff. The solvents, concentrations of
monensin (i.e., weight of monensin/weight of monensin plus solvent), concentrations
of solvent (i.e., weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)), amounts of
monensin, amounts of consumption, and improvement in consumption provided in the
preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the food compositions described herein.
In some embodiments, the food composition further comprises a mineral mix. As
used herein, the term “mineral mix” refers to a combination of at least one known
mineral with at least one other known mineral. In one example, a mineral mix
comprises sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, a carrier, and a number of minor
nutrient species.
In some embodiments, the food composition contains a solvent wherein the solvent is
present in a residual amount. As used herein, the term “residual” refers to the
remaining portion of a solvent present in the food composition after an initial portion
of the solvent has evaporated. For example, if the solvent is a relatively non-volatile
solvent (e.g., benzyl alcohol), it will tend evaporate slowly after combination and may
be present at a greater amount in the food composition. However, if the solvent is a
relatively volatile solvent (e.g., ethanol), it will tend to evaporate quickly after
combination and a residual amount will be present in the food composition. In some
embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of solvent that is about 0.1% to
about 10% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food composition.
In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of solvent that is about
0.1% to about 1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food
composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of solvent
that is about 1% to about 8% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the
food composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of
solvent that is about 4% to about 6% of the original amount of solvent initially present
in the food composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount
of solvent that is about 5% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the
food composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of
solvent that is about 2.5% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the
food composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of
solvent that is about 1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food
composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of solvent
that is about 0.1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food
composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of solvent
that is less than 0.1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food
composition.
In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, various methods comprising
administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed are
described. As used herein, the term “administered” is used in its broadest sense and
refers to any method of delivering a substance to an animal. In some embodiments,
the food composition is administered to an animal via consumption by the animal. As
used herein, the term “consumption” refers to the intake or ingestion of a substance by
an animal, for example by eating the substance. The solvents, concentrations of
monensin (i.e., weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)),
concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)),
amounts of monensin, amounts of consumption, and improvement in consumption
provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the methods described
herein.
In some embodiments, a method of improving feed efficiency is described. As used
herein, the term “improving feed efficiency” refers to an improvement in the ratio of
unit of feed/forage consumed to unit of animal weight gain (i.e., unit of feed/forage
consumed: unit of animal weight gain) over a specific time period.
In some embodiments, a method of increasing milk production efficiency is described.
As used herein, the term “increasing milk production efficiency” refers to an increase
in animal production of marketable solids per unit of feed intake.
In some embodiments, a method of increasing rate of weight gain is described. As
used herein, the term “increasing rate of weight gain” refers to an increase in the ratio
of unit of animal weight gain to unit of time (i.e., unit of animal weight gain: unit of
time) over a specific time period.
In some embodiments, a method of preventing or treating of coccidiosis is described.
“Preventing” refers to reducing the likelihood that the patient will incur or develop
any of the pathological conditions described herein and includes prophylactic
administration. The term “preventing” is particularly applicable to a patient that is
susceptible to the particular pathological condition. “Treating” refers to mediating a
disease or condition and preventing, reversing the clinical effects of the disease,
mitigating its further progression, or ameliorating the symptoms associated with the
disease or condition.
As used herein, the term “coccidiosis” refers to a parasitic disease of the intestinal
tract caused by protozoans. In some embodiments, the coccidiosis is caused by a
species from the genus Eimeria. In one embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by
Eimeria bovis. In one embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria zuernii. In
one embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria crandallis. In one
embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria christenseni. In one embodiment,
the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae.
In some embodiments, the food composition is administered to a ruminant. As used
herein, the term “ruminant” refers to an even-toed hoofed animal that has a complex
3-chamber or 4-chamber stomach and which typically re-chews what it has previously
swallowed. Some non-exhaustive examples of ruminants include bovines, sheep,
goats, oxen, muskox, llamas, alpacas, guanicos, deer, bison, antelopes, camels, and
giraffes. In one embodiment, the ruminant is a bovine. In another embodiment, the
ruminant is a goat.
In some embodiments, the food composition is administered to an avian. As used
herein, the term “avian” refers to a warm-blooded, egg laying, feathered vertebrate
provided with wings, for example birds of any known species or type. In some
embodiments, avians include poultry. As used herein, the term “poultry” means any
domestic fowl reared for the table, or their eggs or feathers including chickens, (for
example, White Leghorn, Brown Leghorn, Barred-Rock, Sussex, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island, Ausstralorp, Minorca, Amrox, Calif. Gray, Italian Partidge-colored,
etc.), broilers, fryers, cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, geese, pheasants, quails,
ostriches and other poultry commonly bred in commercial quantities.
In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, a process for preparing a
food composition comprising combining a) a solution comprising monensin and a
solvent, and b) an animal feed is described. In some embodiments, the process further
comprises combining a) and b) with c) a mineral mix. The solvents, concentrations of
monensin (i.e., weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)),
concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)),
amounts of monensin, amounts of consumption, and improvement in consumption
provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the processes described
herein.
The following embodiments are also contemplated:
1. An animal feed supplement comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a solvent, wherein the
supplement is a solution.
2. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 wherein the
solvent is selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid,
propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and
mixtures thereof.
3. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2
wherein the solvent is benzyl alcohol.
4. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2
wherein the solvent is oleic acid.
. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2
wherein the solvent is propylene glycol.
6. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2
wherein the solvent is vitamin E.
7. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2
wherein the solvent is ethanol.
8. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2
wherein the solvent is glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate
9. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 8
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 40%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 9
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 35%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
11. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 10
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 30%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
12. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 11
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 25%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
13. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 12
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 20%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
14. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 13
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 10% to about 20%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 12
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 25%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
16. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 20%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
17. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
18. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 10%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
19. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 13
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 5%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 19
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 60% to about 95%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
21. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 20
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 70% to about 95%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
22. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 21
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 75% to about 95%
(weight/weight) of said solution.
23. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14 or
clauses 16 to 22 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 80%
to about 95% (weight/weight) of said solution.
24. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14 or
clauses 16 to 23 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 80%
to about 90% (weight/weight) of said solution.
. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14 or
clauses 16 to 24 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 80% (weight/weight) of said solution.
26. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14 or
clauses 17 to 24 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 85% (weight/weight) of said solution.
27. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14 or
clauses 18 to 24 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 90% (weight/weight) of said solution.
28. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 14 or
clauses 19 to 23 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 95% (weight/weight) of said solution.
29. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 28
wherein the supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 50
milligrams of monensin to about 500 milligrams of monensin per day.
. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 29
wherein the supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100
milligrams of monensin to about 400 milligrams of monensin per day.
31. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 30
wherein the supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately
100 milligrams of monensin per day.
32. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 30
wherein the supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately
200 milligrams of monensin per day.
33. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 30
wherein the supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately
250 milligrams of monensin per day.
34. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 30
wherein the supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately
300 milligrams of monensin per day.
. The animal feed supplement of any of clauses 1 to 34
wherein the supplement is associated with an improvement in consumption by
an animal.
36. A food composition comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed.
37. The food composition of clause 36 wherein the
composition further comprises a mineral mix.
38. The food composition of clause 36 or clause 37 wherein
the solvent is present in a residual amount.
39. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 38
wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol,
oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-
caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
40. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 39
wherein the solvent is benzyl alcohol.
41. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 39
wherein the solvent is oleic acid.
42. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 39
wherein the solvent is propylene glycol.
43. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 39
wherein the solvent is vitamin E.
44. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 39
wherein the solvent is ethanol.
45. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 39
wherein the solvent is glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
46. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 45
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 40%
(weight/weight).
47. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 46
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 35%
(weight/weight).
48. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 47
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 30%
(weight/weight).
49. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 48
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 25%
(weight/weight).
50. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 49
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 20%
(weight/weight).
51. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 50
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of about 10% to about 20%
(weight/weight).
52. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 49
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 25%
(weight/weight).
53. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 20%
(weight/weight).
54. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15%
(weight/weight).
55. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 10%
(weight/weight).
56. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 50
wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 5%
(weight/weight).
57. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 56
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 60% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
58. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 57
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 70% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
59. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 58
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 75% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
60. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 59
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
61. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51,
clauses 53 to 55, or clauses 57 to 60 wherein the solvent is present at a
concentration of about 80% to about 90% (weight/weight).
62. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51 or
clauses 53 to 61 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 80% (weight/weight).
63. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51 or
clauses 54 to 61 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 85% (weight/weight).
64. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 51 or
clauses 55 to 61 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 90% (weight/weight).
65. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 50 or
clauses 56 to 60 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of
approximately 95% (weight/weight).
66. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 65
wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 50
milligrams of monensin to about 500 milligrams of monensin per day.
67. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 66
wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100
milligrams of monensin to about 400 milligrams of monensin per day.
68. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 67
wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately
100 milligrams of monensin per day.
69. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 67
wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately
200 milligrams of monensin per day.
70. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 67
wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately
250 milligrams of monensin per day.
71. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 67
wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately
300 milligrams of monensin per day.
72. The food composition of any one of clauses 36 to 71
wherein the composition is associated with an improvement in consumption
by an animal.
73. A method of improving feed efficiency comprising
administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed.
74. A method of increasing milk production efficiency
comprising administering to an animal in need the thereof a food composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an
animal feed.
75. A method of increasing rate of weight gain comprising
administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed.
76. A method of preventing or treating of coccidiosis
comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an
animal feed.
77. The method of clause 76 wherein the coccidiosis is
caused by a species of Eimeria.
78. The method of clause 76 or clause 77 wherein the
coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria bovis.
79. The method of clause 76 or clause 77 wherein the
coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria zuernii.
80. The method of clause 76 or clause 77 wherein the
coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria crandallis.
81. The method of clause 76 or clause 77 wherein the
coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria christenseni.
82. The method of clause 76 or clause 77 wherein the
coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae.
83. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 82 wherein the
composition further comprises a mineral mix.
84. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 83 wherein the
solvent is present in a residual amount.
85. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 84 wherein the
animal is a ruminant.
86. The method of clause 85 wherein the ruminant is a
bovine.
87. The method of clause 85 wherein the ruminant is a goat.
88. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 84 wherein the
animal is an avian.
89. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 88 wherein the
solvent is selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid,
propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and
mixtures thereof.
90. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 89 wherein the
solvent is benzyl alcohol.
91. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 89 wherein the
solvent is oleic acid.
92. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 89 wherein the
solvent is propylene glycol.
93. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 89 wherein the
solvent is vitamin E.
94. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 89 wherein the
solvent is ethanol.
95. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 89 wherein the
solvent is glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
96. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 95 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 40%
(weight/weight).
97. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 96 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 35%
(weight/weight).
98. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 97 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 30%
(weight/weight).
99. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 98 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 25%
(weight/weight).
100. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 99 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 20%
(weight/weight).
101. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 100 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 10% to about 20%
(weight/weight).
102. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 99 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
103. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
104. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
105. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
106. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 100 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
107. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 106 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 60% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
108. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 107 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 70% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
109. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 108 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 75% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
110. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 or clauses
103 to 109 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to
about 95% (weight/weight).
111. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 or clauses
103 to 105 or clauses 107 to 110 wherein the solvent is present at a
concentration of about 80% to about 90% (weight/weight).
112. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 or clauses
103 to 111 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
80% (weight/weight).
113. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 or clauses
104 to 111 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
85% (weight/weight).
114. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 or clauses
105 to 111 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
90% (weight/weight).
115. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 101 or clauses
106 to 110 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
95% (weight/weight).
116. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 115 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 50 milligrams of
monensin to about 500 milligrams of monensin per day.
117. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 116 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100 milligrams of
monensin to about 400 milligrams of monensin per day.
118. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 117 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 100
milligrams of monensin per day.
119. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 117 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 200
milligrams of monensin per day.
120. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 117 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 250
milligrams of monensin per day.
121. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 117 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 300
milligrams of monensin per day.
122. The method of any one of clauses 73 to 121 wherein the
method is associated with an improvement in consumption of the composition
by the animal.
123. A process for preparing a food composition comprising
combining a) a solution comprising monensin and a solvent, and b) an animal
feed.
124. The process of clause 123 further comprising combining
with c) a mineral mix.
125. The process of clause 123 or 124 wherein the solvent is
selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene
glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures
thereof.
126. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 125 wherein
the solvent is benzyl alcohol.
127. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 125 wherein
the solvent is oleic acid.
128. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 125 wherein
the solvent is propylene glycol.
129. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 125 wherein
the solvent is vitamin E.
130. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 125 wherein
the solvent is ethanol.
131. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 125 wherein
the solvent is glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
132. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 131 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 40%
(weight/weight).
133. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 132 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 35%
(weight/weight).
134. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 133 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 30%
(weight/weight).
135. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 134 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 25%
(weight/weight).
136. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 135 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 20%
(weight/weight).
137. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 136 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 10% to about 20%
(weight/weight).
138. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 135 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
139. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
140. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
141. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
142. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 136 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
143. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 142 wherein
the solvent is present at a concentration of about 60% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
144. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 143 wherein
the solvent is present at a concentration of about 70% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
145. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 144 wherein
the solvent is present at a concentration of about 75% to about 95%
(weight/weight).
146. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 or clauses
139 to 145 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to
about 95% (weight/weight).
147. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 or clauses
139 to 146 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to
about 90% (weight/weight).
148. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 or clauses
139 to 147 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
80% (weight/weight).
149. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 or clauses
140 to 147 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
85% (weight/weight).
150. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 or clauses
141 to 147 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
90% (weight/weight).
151. The process of any one of clauses 123 to 137 or clauses
142 to 146 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately
95% (weight/weight).
EXAMPLE 1
Consumption of a Monensin-Containing Food Composition
Consumption of the food composition of the present disclosure can be evaluated in
bovines. Three groups of bovines can be evaluated in the present example. In one
group, the food composition of the present disclosure containing monensin, a solvent,
and an animal feed can be combined with a mineral mix fed to bovines. In a second
group, a solid formulation of monensin can be combined with a mineral mix and an
animal feed and fed to bovines. In a third group, a mineral mix and an animal feed
can be combined as a control formulation and fed to bovines. The average intake of
the combination (grams per day) for each group can be evaluated, as well as the
average daily weight gain (kilograms per day). Table 1 shows the results of the study.
Bovines fed the food composition of the present disclosure containing monensin, a
solvent, and an animal feed can display a numerically superior intake of the
combination and a greater intake compared to bovines fed the solid formulation of
monensin combined with a mineral mix and an animal feed.
Table 1.
Group Average Daily Mineral Intake Weekly Mineral
Gain (kg/day) (g/day) Intake (g of
mineral/kg of
bodyweight)
Control -0.04 71.5 1.18
Food Composition -0.16 56.0 (-22%)* 0.92*
Prepared with
Solid Formulation
of Monensin
Food Composition -0.01 64.7 (-10%) 1.07
Prepared with
Soluble
Formulation of
Monensin
* = p<0.05 vs. control
In this specification where reference has been made to external documents, or other
sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for
discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise,
reference to such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such
documents, or such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form
part of the common general knowledge in the art.
Claims (26)
1. An animal feed supplement in solution form, comprising monensin present in said supplement in a concentration of 5% to about 40% (weight/weight) of said solution, and a solvent selected from mixtures of at least two of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, wherein said solvent is present in said supplement in a concentration of about 60% to 95% (weight/weight) of said solution.
2. The animal feed supplement of claim 1 wherein monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight) of said solution.
3. The animal feed supplement of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein said solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 85% (weight/weight) of said solution.
4. A food composition comprising an animal feed supplement of any one of claims 1 to 3, and an animal feed.
5. The food composition of claim 4 wherein the solvent is allowed to evaporate such that said solvent is present in a residual amount.
6. The food composition of claim 4 or 5 wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 200 milligrams of monensin per day.
7. The food composition of any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the composition is associated with an improvement in consumption by an animal.
8. A method of improving feed efficiency comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition of any one of claims 4 to 6.
9. A method of preventing or treating of coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition of any of claims 4 to 6.
10. The method of claim 8 or 9 wherein the animal is a bovine or a goat.
11. A process for preparing a food composition of any one of claims 4 to 6, comprising combining an animal feed supplement of any one of claims 1 to 3 with an animal feed.
12. An animal feed supplement in solution form, consisting essentially of monensin present in said supplement in a concentration of 5% to about 40% (weight/weight) of said solution, and a solvent selected from mixtures of at least two of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, wherein said solvent is present in said supplement in a concentration of about 60% to 95% (weight/weight) of said solution.
13. The animal feed supplement of claim 12, wherein said monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight) of said solution.
14. The animal feed supplement of claim 12 or claim 13, wherein said solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 85% (weight/weight) of said solution.
15. A food composition comprising an animal feed supplement of any one of claims 12 to 14, and an animal feed.
16. The food composition of claim 15 wherein the solvent is allowed to evaporate such that said solvent is present in a residual amount.
17. The food composition of claim 15 or claim 16 wherein the composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 200 milligrams of monensin per day.
18. The food composition of any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the composition is associated with an improvement in consumption by an animal.
19. A method of improving feed efficiency comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition of any one of claims 15 to 18.
20. A method of preventing or treating coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition of any of claims 15 to
21. The method of claim 19 or claim 20 wherein the animal is a bovine or a goat.
22. A process for preparing a food composition of any one of claims 15 to 18, comprising combining an animal feed supplement of any one of claims 12 to 14 with an animal feed.
23. An animal feed supplement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and 12 to 14, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
24. A food composition as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 7 and 15 to 18, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
25. A method as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10 and 19 to 21, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
26. A process as claimed in claim 11 or 22, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161515445P | 2011-08-05 | 2011-08-05 | |
US61/515,445 | 2011-08-05 | ||
PCT/US2012/048303 WO2013022608A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2012-07-26 | Animal supplements and compositions containing soluble monensin and methods therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ619990A NZ619990A (en) | 2016-01-29 |
NZ619990B2 true NZ619990B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
Family
ID=
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
PL186250B1 (en) | Pharmaceutic composition based on etheral oils obtained from plants for use in the field of human and animal medicine | |
Saleem et al. | Effects of dietary organic acids on performance, cecal microbiota, and gut morphology in broilers | |
AU2019264860B2 (en) | Sugar cane extracts for use in animal feeds | |
WO2008148552A2 (en) | Methods and compositions relating to administration of l-carnitine | |
CN109512999A (en) | The application of synergetic effect additive of the fatty alcohol of oxygen-containing hydrocarbon derivative as polymyxins | |
Iqbal et al. | Effect of essential oil and organic acid on performance, gut health, bacterial count and serological parameters in broiler | |
Kamal et al. | Effect of dietary chitosan supplementation on productive and physiological performance parameters of growing New Zealand white rabbits | |
KR20020060199A (en) | Agents for promoting fattening of animals and method of promoting fattening | |
US20140228329A1 (en) | Use of 25-hydroxy vitamin d3 to promote phosphorous utilisation in ruminants | |
DK1776956T3 (en) | An agent for the prevention and / or treatment of calcium deficiency | |
NZ619990B2 (en) | Animal supplements and compositions containing soluble monensin and methods therefor | |
Cornejo-Kelly et al. | Transfer and depletion of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in feathers of treated broiler chickens.[Conference poster]. | |
CA2841242A1 (en) | Animal supplements and compositions containing soluble monensin and methods therefor | |
Abd-Allah et al. | Influence of using flavomycin and propolis as feed additives on buffalo milk production, and growth performance and blood metabolites of suckling calves | |
NZ619993B2 (en) | Animal supplements and food compositions containing soluble monensin composition, and methods and processes therefor | |
AU2012294818A1 (en) | Animal supplements and food compositions containing soluble monensin composition, and methods and processes therefor | |
JP6209208B2 (en) | How to improve broiler chicken performance | |
JP2011182748A (en) | Feed for livestock or poultry | |
Kan et al. | Feed additives: do they add to animal welfare? An evaluation | |
RU2791325C1 (en) | Therapeutic and preventive agent for farm animals | |
WO2020238406A1 (en) | Feed composition and preparation method therefor and application thereof | |
CN107027976A (en) | Poultry Water Soluble Compound nutritious supplementary pharmaceutical and preparation method thereof | |
RU2673717C1 (en) | Multicomponent biologically active fodder additive for laying hens | |
Kadhim | Effect of supplementation of threonine, zinc and their combination on some production traits and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens | |
Khalil | EFFECTS OF ACIDIFIER SUPPLEMENTATION ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, SERUM LIPOPROTEIN LEVEL AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BROILER |