NZ619993B2 - Animal supplements and food compositions containing soluble monensin composition, and methods and processes therefor - Google Patents
Animal supplements and food compositions containing soluble monensin composition, and methods and processes therefor Download PDFInfo
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- NZ619993B2 NZ619993B2 NZ619993A NZ61999312A NZ619993B2 NZ 619993 B2 NZ619993 B2 NZ 619993B2 NZ 619993 A NZ619993 A NZ 619993A NZ 61999312 A NZ61999312 A NZ 61999312A NZ 619993 B2 NZ619993 B2 NZ 619993B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/195—Antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
- A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
Abstract
animal feed supplement for use in an animal food composition containing an animal feed having monocalcium phosphate therein is disclosed. The supplement comprises monensin, a solvent, and an alkaline component. The supplement is a mixture, and the alkaline component is present in the animal feed supplement in an amount sufficient to maintain the ability to detect monensin in the animal food composition. An animal food composition, comprising the above described animal feed supplement is disclosed. The animal feed also has monocalcium phosphate therein. The above described animal food composition is useful for preventing or treating coccidiosis in an animal for example a bovine. d supplement in an amount sufficient to maintain the ability to detect monensin in the animal food composition. An animal food composition, comprising the above described animal feed supplement is disclosed. The animal feed also has monocalcium phosphate therein. The above described animal food composition is useful for preventing or treating coccidiosis in an animal for example a bovine.
Description
ANIMAL SUPPLEMENTS AND FOOD COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SOLUBLE
MONENSIN COMPOSITION, AND METHODS AND PROCESSES THEREFOR
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/515,451,
filed on August 5, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/515,457, filed on
August 5, 2011. The entire disclosures of both U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.
61/515,451 and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 61/515,457 are incorporated
herein by reference.
Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic isolated from the bacteria Streptomyces
cinnamonensis. In veterinary medicine, monensin can be advantageously administered to
animals for a variety of purposes. For example, administration of a therapeutically
effective dose of monensin can be utilized for the treatment or prevention of ketosis
and/or bloat, for the enhancement of milk production efficiency, for the enhancement of
milk protein content in milk, for the enhancement of mineral uptake, for the enhancement
of weight gain, for the enhancement of feed conversion efficiency, and the provision of
desirable reproduction advantages.
Monensin is typically administered via a solid formulation that is ingested by an animal.
For instance, a solid formulation of monensin can be a combined with a mineral mix (for
example, a solid mineral mix) and/or an animal feed, followed by consumption of the
combination by an animal. For bovines, the daily intake of monensin ingestion is targeted
at about 50 milligrams (mg) to about 500 mg per head per day.
However, when a solid formulation of monensin is combined with a mineral mix and/or
an animal feed, the amount of the combination ingested by an animal, particularly a
bovine, is typically decreased compared to combinations that do not contain monensin.
Without being bound by any theory, it is hypothesized that the solid formulation of
monensin may have a taste which the animal prefers less than the monensin-free
formulation. As a result, the animal may reduce its intake and ingestion of the monensin-
containing combination. As hypothesized, the taste of the solid monensin formulation
could be problematic to veterinary practice. For instance, the taste could decrease the
intake of monensin itself and thus inhibit its therapeutic effectiveness. In addition, the
taste could lower the consumption of the combined mineral mixes and feed, thus
potentially contributing to myriad other problems in animals due to the decreased intake
of nourishment.
Therefore, there exists a need for compositions and methods utilizing monensin, and
processes directed thereto, that overcomes the limitations of current solid compositions
and formulations in order to benefit the intake of monensin, minerals, feeds, and
foodstuffs by animals.
Moreover, alternative formulations of monensin, such as some soluble formulations, can
potentially cause difficulties for the assayed detection of monensin following combination
with a mineral mix. Mineral mixes typically contain a variety of minerals, often
including monocalcium phosphate. For example, when monocalcium phosphate and
monensin (e.g., monensin sodium) are both present in a liquid environment, a complex
can form between the two substances, thus resulting in a reduction of assayed detection of
monensin in the mixture. It has been hypothesized that monocalcium phosphate binds to
and degrades monensin, resulting in low analytical recovery and low extractability of the
monensin. Therefore, there exists a need for process to prepare an animal feed supplement
containing monensin that overcomes the limitations reduced detection of monensin
following combination of monensin, a solvent, and a mineral mix. It is an object of the
present invention to go some way towards meeting these needs, and/or to at least provide
the public with a useful choice.
Accordingly, the present disclosure provides utilization of a formulation of monensin that
exhibits desirable properties and provides related advantages for its intake in animals, as
well as preventing the reduction in detection of monensin previously observed in a liquid
environment.
Furthermore, the present disclosure describes a process for preparing an animal feed
supplement containing a therapeutically effective amount of monensin in a soluble
composition that exhibits desirable properties and provides related advantages for its
intake in animals, as well as preventing the reduction in detection of monensin previously
obtained by alternative processes.
More specifically, a first aspect of the present invention provides an animal feed
supplement for use in an animal food composition containing an animal feed having
monocalcium phosphate therein, comprising monensin, a solvent, and an alkaline
component, wherein the supplement is a mixture, and wherein said alkaline component is
present in said animal feed supplement in an amount sufficient to maintain the ability to
detect monensin in the animal food composition.
A second aspect of the present invention provides an animal food composition,
comprising an animal feed supplement of the first aspect and an animal feed having
monocalcium phosphate therein.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a method of improving feed efficiency
comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food composition of the
second aspect.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating
coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food
composition of the second aspect.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing an animal food
composition of the second aspect, comprising combining an animal feed supplement of
the first aspect with an animal feed.
A sixth aspect of the present invention provides an animal feed supplement for use in an
animal food composition containing an animal feed having monocalcium phosphate
therein, consisting essentially of a mixture of
monensin,
a solvent selected from benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol,
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof present in the supplement in an
amount from about 50% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of the mixture, and
an alkaline component selected from calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, and mixtures thereof present in the supplement in an amount from about 0.1%
to about 10% (weight/weight) of the mixture, wherein the alkaline component is present
in the animal feed supplement in an amount sufficient to maintain the ability to detect
monensin in the animal food composition.
A seventh aspect of the present invention provides an animal food composition
comprising an animal feed supplement of the sixth aspect and an animal feed having
monocalcium phosphate therein.
An eighth aspect of the present invention provides a method of improving feed efficiency
comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food composition of the
seventh aspect.
A ninth aspect of the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating
coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food
composition of the seventh aspect.
A tenth aspect of the present invention provides a process for preparing an animal food
composition of the seventh aspect, comprising combining an animal feed supplement of
the sixth aspect with an animal feed having monocalcium phosphate therein.
In the description in this specification reference may be made to subject matter which is
not within the scope of the appended claims. That subject matter should be readily
identifiable by a person skilled in the art and may assist in putting into practice the
invention as defined in the appended claims.
The term “comprising” as used in this specification and claims means “consisting at least
in part of”. When interpreting statements in this specification and claims which include
the term “comprising”, other features besides the features prefaced by this term in each
statement can also be present. Related terms such as “comprises” and “comprise” are to
be interpreted in similar manner.
The present disclosure demonstrates that the reduced intake of monensin can be overcome
in animals by utilizing a formulation comprising monensin, a solvent, and an alkaline
component. In addition, present disclosure demonstrates that the reduced intake of
monensin can be overcome in animals by preparing an animal feed supplement containing
a therapeutically effective amount of monensin as a soluble composition. By combining
the formulation or soluble composition of monensin with a mineral mix and/or an animal
feed, the present invention overcomes the potential limitations of monensin’s taste when
prepared or used as a solid formulation. Furthermore, the present disclosure demonstrates
that the soluble formulation of monensin can be prepared and utilized without the
reduction in detection of monensin.
The present disclosure provides an animal feed supplement comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and a mineral mix, wherein the mineral mix is
substantially free of monocalcium phosphate. In addition, the present disclosure provides
processes of preparing such animal feed supplements comprising the step of combining a
mineral mix and a soluble composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of
monensin and a solvent, wherein the mineral mix is substantially free of monocalcium
phosphate.
The present disclosure also provides animal feed supplements comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, and an alkaline component,
wherein the supplement is a mixture. Furthermore, the disclosure provides food
compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an
alkaline component, and an animal feed, methods of administering the food compositions,
and processes for making the food compositions.
The monensin-containing animal feed supplements and food compositions, and the
processes used to prepare them, according to the present disclosure provide several
advantages compared to the supplements, compositions, and processes using conventional
techniques. First, the monensin-containing supplements and compositions of the present
disclosure allow for increased intake of monensin by animals compared to products using
a solid monensin formulation. Second, the ingestion of mineral mixes and animal feeds
by animals are may also be increased compared to those using a solid monensin
formulation. These advantages could be the result of the hypothesized improved taste of
the monensin-containing animal feed supplements and food compositions according to
the present disclosure.
Third, the monensin-containing supplements and compositions of the present disclosure
are easier to mix homogenously, thus resulting in better spreading and minimized
segregation of the product compared to those using a solid monensin formulation.
Fourth, the inclusion of an alkaline component in the monensin-containing supplements
and compositions of the present disclosure maintains the ability to detect monensin in the
formulation. Fifth, the monensin-containing supplements of the present disclosure may be
prepared as solutions without the requirement of complex additional ingredients and can
be easily combined with a mineral mix and/or an animal feed. Sixth, the monensin-
containing compositions of the present disclosure can be prepared easily and
inexpensively compared to preparations using the solid monensin formulation, and could
potentially be prepared on-site at the place of consumption. Finally, the process of
preparing the animal feed supplements and food compositions maintains the ability to
detect monensin in the supplements and compositions compared to alternative procedures
generally used in the art.
In some illustrative embodiments described herein, an animal feed supplement is
provided. The animal feed supplement comprises a) a mineral mix and b) a soluble
composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a solvent,
wherein the mineral mix is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate. In some
embodiments, a process for preparing an animal feed supplement is provided. The
process comprises the step of combining a) a mineral mix and b) a soluble composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a solvent, wherein the
mineral mix is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate.
In other illustrative embodiments described herein, an animal food composition is
provided. The animal food composition comprises a) an animal feed and b) a soluble
composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a solvent,
wherein the animal feed is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate. In some
embodiments, a process for preparing an animal food composition is provided. The
process comprises the step of combining a) an animal feed and b) a soluble composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a solvent.
In some illustrative embodiments described herein, an animal feed supplement is
provided. The animal feed supplement comprises a therapeutically effective amount of
monensin, a solvent, and an alkaline component, wherein the supplement is a mixture. In
other illustrative embodiments, a food composition is provided. The food composition
comprises a therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline
component, and an animal feed. In some embodiments, a process for preparing a food
composition is provided. The process comprises combining a) a mixture comprising
monensin and a solvent, b) an alkaline component, and c) an animal feed.
In some illustrative embodiments described herein, a method of improving feed efficiency
of an animal is provided. In other illustrative embodiments, a method of increasing milk
production efficiency of an animal is provided. In yet other illustrative embodiments, a
method of increasing rate of weight gain of an animal is provided. In some illustrative
embodiments, a method of preventing or treating of coccidiosis in an animal is provided.
The described methods comprise administering to an animal a food composition
comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline
component, and an animal feed.
Various embodiments of the present application utilize a soluble composition containing
monensin and a solvent. As used herein, the term “solution” refers to a substantially
homogenous one-phase system of two or more substances, for example a solute and a
solvent. As used herein, the term “solute” refers to the dissolving phase of a solution. In
some embodiments, the solute is monensin.
Various embodiments of the present application utilize an animal feed supplement
containing monensin and a solvent, wherein the supplement is a mixture. As used herein,
the term “mixture” refers to solutions, suspensions, emulsions, and the like that are well
known in the art.
As used herein, the term “solvent” refers to the dispersing medium of a mixture. In some
embodiments, the solvent is a liquid at standard temperature and pressure, and may be
capable of solubilizing an appreciable amount of a specified solid. Solids vary from 0-
100% in their degree of solubility. See, e.g., “Solubility Parameters of Organic
Compounds,” CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 62d ed., C-699, CRC Press; N.
Irving Sax and Richard J. Lewis, Sr., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed.,
1079 (1987). The term “solvent” also includes combinations of two or more solvents.
As used herein, the term “monensin” refers to monensin base, pharmaceutically
acceptable salts of monensin, or other salts of monensin. The term “pharmaceutically
acceptable salt” refers to an addition salt that exists in conjunction with the acidic or basic
portion of monensin. Such salts include the pharmaceutically acceptable salts listed in
HANDBOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL SALTS: PROPERTIES, SELECTION AND
USE, P. H. Stahl and C. G. Wermuth (Eds.), Wiley-VCH, New York, 2002 which are
known to the skilled artisan. In some embodiments, “monensin” is monensin sodium.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of an acid addition nature are formed when monensin
and any of its intermediates containing a basic functionality are reacted with a
pharmaceutically acceptable acid. Pharmaceutically acceptable acids commonly
employed to form such acid addition salts include inorganic and organic acids.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of a base addition nature are formed when monensin
and any of its intermediates containing an acidic functionality are reacted with a
pharmaceutically acceptable base. Pharmaceutically acceptable bases commonly
employed to form base addition salts include organic and inorganic bases.
In addition to pharmaceutically acceptable salts, other salts are included in the present
invention. They may serve as intermediates in the purification of compounds or in the
preparation of other pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, or are useful for identification,
characterization or purification.
Solvents according to the present disclosure are pharmaceutically acceptable for ingestion
by an animal. A number of pharmaceutically acceptable solvents are known in the art. In
some embodiments, the solvent is selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol,
oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and
mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the solvent is benzyl alcohol. In other
embodiments, the solvent is oleic acid. In other embodiments, the solvent is a derivatized
propylene glycol (e.g., propylene glycol monocaprylate (Capryol 90™, Gattefossé
Canada Inc). In other embodiments, the solvent is vitamin E. In other embodiments, the
solvent is ethanol. In other embodiments, the solvent is glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate
(i.e., Capmul MCM™, ABITEC Corporation).
The animal feed supplements described herein may contain an alkaline component. The
presence of an alkaline component in the animal feed supplement is believed to maintain
the ability perform assayed detection of monensin in the formulation. Without being
bound by any theory, monocalcium phosphate in a mineral mix is hypothesized to
potentially complex with monensin, thus leading to the decreased assayed detection of
monensin in the formulation.
As used herein, the term “alkaline component” refers to a basic salt of an alkali metal or
alkaline earth metal. A number of alkaline components are known in the art. In some
embodiments, the alkaline component is selected from the group consisting of calcium
hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof. In one
embodiment, the alkaline component is calcium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the
alkaline component is sodium hydroxide. In one embodiment, the alkaline component is
potassium hydroxide.
The amount of monensin in the supplement is adequate to achieve a therapeutic effect.
As used herein, the term “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount which
gives the desired benefit to an animal and includes both treatment and prophylactic
administration. The amount will vary from one individual to another and will depend
upon a number of factors, including the overall physical condition of the animal and the
underlying cause of the condition to be treated. The amount of monensin used for therapy
gives an acceptable rate of change and maintains desired response at a beneficial level. A
therapeutically effective amount of the present supplements may be readily ascertained by
one of ordinary skill in the art using publicly available materials and procedures.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of monensin in the
supplement can vary. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of monensin can
be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 5% to about 40% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 5% to about
% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the
amount of monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 5%
to about 30% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some
embodiments, the amount of monensin can be present in the supplement in an amount of
between about 5% to about 25% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)).
In some embodiments, the amount of monensin can be present in the supplement in an
amount of between about 5% to about 20% (weight of monensin/(weight of monensin
plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of monensin can be present in the
supplement in an amount of between about 10% to about 20% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin is present in the supplement in an amount of about 25% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin is present in the supplement in an amount of about 20% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin is present in the supplement in an amount of about 15% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin is present in the supplement in an amount of about 10% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
monensin is present in the supplement in an amount of about 5% (weight of
monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent)).
The amount of monensin in the supplement is a sufficient amount to provide animals,
such as bovines, with between about 50 mg to about 500 mg per head per day. In some
embodiments, the amount of monensin in the supplement provides animals with between
about 100 mg of monensin to about 400 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments,
the amount of monensin in the supplement provides animals with about 100 mg of
monensin per day. In some embodiments, the amount of monensin in the supplement
provides animals with about 200 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the
amount of monensin in the supplement provides animals with about 250 mg of monensin
per day. In some embodiments, the amount of monensin in the supplement provides
animals with about 300 mg of monensin per day.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of solvent in the supplement
can vary. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in
the supplement in an amount of between about 60% to about 95% (weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). For example, in some embodiments, the
amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 70%
to about 95% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). For example, in
some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount
of between about 75% to about 95% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus
monensin)). For example, in some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in
the supplement in an amount of between about 80% to about 95% (weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent
can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 80% to about 90%
(weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount
of solvent is present in the supplement in an amount of 75% (weight of solvent/(weight of
solvent plus monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 80% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)).
In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the supplement in an amount of
85% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). In some embodiments, the
amount of solvent is present in the supplement in an amount of 90% (weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent
is present in the supplement in an amount of 95% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent
plus monensin)).
In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of solvent in the supplement
can vary. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in
the supplement in an amount of between about 50% to about 94.9% (weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)). In some
embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of
between about 55% to about 94.9% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present
in the supplement in an amount of between about 60% to about 94.9% (weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)). In some
embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of
between about 65% to about 94.9% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present
in the supplement in an amount of between about 70% to about 94.9% (weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)). In some
embodiments, the amount of solvent can be present in the supplement in an amount of
between about 70% to about 89.9% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 73% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 78% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 83% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 88% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)). In some embodiments, the amount of solvent is present in the
supplement in an amount of 93% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin
plus alkaline component)).
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the amount of the alkaline component in
the supplement can vary. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline
component can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 0.1% to
about 10% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin
plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component can be
present in the supplement in an amount of between about 1% to about 8% (weight of
alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus solvent)). In some
embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component can be present in the supplement in
an amount of between about 2% to about 6% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of
alkaline component plus monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
the alkaline component can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about
3% to about 5% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus
monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component
can be present in the supplement in an amount of between about 0.1% to about 1%
(weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus
solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component is present in the
supplement in an amount of about 0.1% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of
alkaline component plus monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of
the alkaline component is present in the supplement in an amount of about 0.5% (weight
of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus solvent)). In
some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component is present in the supplement in
an amount of about 1% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component
plus monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline
component is present in the supplement in an amount of about 2% (weight of alkaline
component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus solvent)). In some
embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component is present in the supplement in an
amount of about 5% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus
monensin plus solvent)). In some embodiments, the amount of the alkaline component is
present in the supplement in an amount of about 10% (weight of alkaline
component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus solvent)).
In some embodiments described in the present disclosure, the supplements are associated
with an improvement in consumption of the supplement. As used herein, the term
“improvement in consumption” can refer to an increase in the amount of monensin
consumed by an animal fed the supplement of the present disclosure compared to the
amount of monensin consumed by an animal fed a solid formulation of monensin. In
some embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 50 mg of
monensin to about 500 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the supplement
is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100 mg of monensin to about 400 mg of
monensin per day. In some embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a
rate of about 100 mg of monensin per day. In some embodiments, the supplement is
consumed by an animal at a rate of about 200 mg of monensin per day. In some
embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 250 mg of
monensin per day. In some embodiments, the supplement is consumed by an animal at a
rate of about 300 mg of monensin per day.
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an
animal feed is described. In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, the
animal feed supplement is subsequently combined with an animal feed. As used herein,
the term “animal feed” refers to a composition that can be ingested by an animal, such as
an animal feedstuff. In some embodiments, the animal feed is an animal feed pellet. The
solvents, concentrations of monensin (i.e., weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus
solvent plus alkaline component)), concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of
solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)), concentrations of
alkaline component (i.e., weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component
plus monensin plus solvent)), amounts of monensin, amounts of consumption, and
improvement in consumption provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to
the food compositions described herein.
In some embodiments described in the present disclosure, the supplement is combined
with a mineral mix. As used herein, the term “mineral mix” refers to a combination of at
least one known mineral with at least one other known mineral. In one embodiment, a
mineral mix comprises sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, a carrier, and a number of
minor nutrient species.
In some embodiments, the mineral mix is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate.
As used herein, the term “substantially free of monocalcium phosphate” means that the
mineral mix comprises trace quantities of monocalcium phosphate. In some
embodiments, the mineral mix comprises from about 0.1% to about 5% monocalcium
phosphate. In some embodiments, the mineral mix comprises about 5% or less
monocalcium phosphate. In some embodiments, the mineral mix comprises about 2% or
less monocalcium phosphate. In some embodiments, the mineral mix comprises about
1% or less monocalcium phosphate. In some embodiments, the mineral mix comprises
about 0.5% or less monocalcium phosphate. In some embodiments, the mineral mix
comprises about 0.1% or less monocalcium phosphate.
In some embodiments, the food composition contains a solvent wherein the solvent is
present in a residual amount. As used herein, the term “residual” refers to the remaining
portion of a solvent present in the food composition after an initial portion of the solvent
has evaporated. For example, if the solvent is a relatively non-volatile solvent (e.g.,
benzyl alcohol), it will tend evaporate slowly after combination and may be present at a
greater amount in the food composition. However, if the solvent is a relatively volatile
solvent (e.g., ethanol), it will tend to evaporate quickly after combination and a residual
amount will be present in the food composition. In some embodiments, a residual amount
can be an amount of solvent that is about 0.1% to about 10% of the original amount of
solvent initially present in the food composition. In other embodiments, a residual
amount can be an amount of solvent that is about 0.1% to about 1% of the original
amount of solvent initially present in the food composition. In other embodiments, a
residual amount can be an amount of solvent that is about 1% to about 8% of the original
amount of solvent initially present in the food composition. In other embodiments, a
residual amount can be an amount of solvent that is about 4% to about 6% of the original
amount of solvent initially present in the food composition. In other embodiments, a
residual amount can be an amount of solvent that is about 5% of the original amount of
solvent initially present in the food composition. In other embodiments, a residual
amount can be an amount of solvent that is about 2.5% of the original amount of solvent
initially present in the food composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be
an amount of solvent that is about 1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in
the food composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of
solvent that is about 0.1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food
composition. In other embodiments, a residual amount can be an amount of solvent that
is less than 0.1% of the original amount of solvent initially present in the food
composition.
In some embodiments, the soluble composition of monensin is allowed to dry following
combination with the mineral mix. In some embodiments, monocalcium phosphate can
be subsequently combined with the soluble composition and the mineral mix. In other
embodiments, the monocalcium phosphate that is combined with the soluble composition
and the mineral mix is dry.
In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, various methods comprising
administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an
animal feed are described. As used herein, the term “administered” is used in its broadest
sense and refers to any method of delivering a substance to an animal. In some
embodiments, the food composition is administered to an animal via consumption by the
animal. As used herein, the term “consumption” refers to the intake or ingestion of a
substance by an animal, for example by eating the substance. The solvents,
concentrations of monensin (i.e., weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent
plus alkaline component)), concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of solvent/(weight of
solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)), concentrations of alkaline component
(i.e., weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus
solvent)), amounts of monensin, amounts of consumption, and improvement in
consumption provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the methods
described herein.
In some embodiments, a method of improving feed efficiency is described. As used
herein, the term “improving feed efficiency” refers to an improvement in the ratio of unit
of feed/forage consumed to unit of animal weight gain (i.e., unit of feed/forage consumed:
unit of animal weight gain) over a specific time period.
In some embodiments, a method of increasing milk production efficiency is described.
As used herein, the term “increasing milk production efficiency” refers to an increase in
animal production of marketable solids per unit of feed intake.
In some embodiments, a method of increasing rate of weight gain is described. As used
herein, the term “increasing rate of weight gain” refers to an increase in the ratio of unit
of animal weight gain to unit of time (i.e., unit of animal weight gain: unit of time) over a
specific time period.
In some embodiments, a method of preventing or treating of coccidiosis is described.
“Preventing” refers to reducing the likelihood that the patient will incur or develop any of
the pathological conditions described herein and includes prophylactic administration.
The term “preventing” is particularly applicable to a patient that is susceptible to the
particular pathological condition. “Treating” refers to mediating a disease or condition
and preventing, reversing the clinical effects of the disease, mitigating its further
progression, or ameliorating the symptoms associated with the disease or condition.
As used herein, the term “coccidiosis” refers to a parasitic disease of the intestinal tract
caused by protozoans. In some embodiments, the coccidiosis is caused by a species from
the genus Eimeria. In one embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria bovis. In
one embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria zuernii. In one embodiment, the
coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria crandallis. In one embodiment, the coccidiosis is
caused by Eimeria christenseni. In one embodiment, the coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria
ninakohlyakimovae.
In some embodiments, the food composition is administered to a ruminant. In other
embodiments, the animal feed supplement is adapted for consumption by a ruminant. As
used herein, the term “consumption” refers to the intake or ingestion of a substance by an
animal, for example by eating the substance. As used herein, the term “ruminant” refers
to an even-toed hoofed animal that has a complex 3-chamber or 4-chamber stomach and
which typically re-chews what it has previously swallowed. Some non-exhaustive
examples of ruminants include bovines, sheep, goats, oxen, muskox, llamas, alpacas,
guanicos, deer, bison, antelopes, camels, and giraffes. In one embodiment, the ruminant
is a bovine. In another embodiment, the ruminant is a goat.
In some embodiments, the food composition is administered to an avian. In other
embodiments, the animal feed supplement is adapted for consumption by an avian. As
used herein, the term “avian” refers to a warm-blooded, egg laying, feathered vertebrate
provided with wings, for example birds of any known species or type. In some
embodiments, avians include poultry. As used herein, the term “poultry” means any
domestic fowl reared for the table, or their eggs or feathers including chickens, (for
example, White Leghorn, Brown Leghorn, Barred-Rock, Sussex, New Hampshire, Rhode
Island, Ausstralorp, Minorca, Amrox, Calif. Gray, Italian Partidge-colored, etc.), broilers,
fryers, cocks and hens, capons, turkeys, ducks, geese, pheasants, quails, ostriches and
other poultry commonly bred in commercial quantities.
In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, a process for preparing an
animal food composition comprising the step of combining a) an animal feed and b) a
soluble composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a
solvent, wherein the animal feed is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate is
provided. In some embodiments, the soluble composition is allowed to dry following
combination with the animal feed. In some embodiments, the animal food composition
is subsequently combined with monocalcium phosphate. In various embodiments, the
monocalcium phosphate is a solid. The solvents, concentrations of monensin (i.e., weight
of monensin/weight of monensin plus solvent), concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of
solvent/weight of solvent plus monensin), amounts of monensin, and adaptation for
consumption provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the processes
described herein.
In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, a process for preparing a food
composition comprising combining a) a mixture comprising monensin and a solvent, b)
an alkaline component, and c) an animal feed is described. In some embodiments, the
process further comprises combining a), b), and c) with d) a mineral mix. The solvents,
concentrations of monensin (i.e., weight of monensin/(weight of monensin plus solvent
plus alkaline component)), concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of solvent/(weight of
solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)), concentrations of alkaline component
(i.e., weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus
solvent)), amounts of monensin, amounts of consumption, and improvement in
consumption provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the processes
described herein.
In other embodiments described in the present disclosure, a process for preparing an
animal food composition comprising the step of combining a) an animal feed pellet and b)
a soluble composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a
solvent is provided. The solvents, concentrations of monensin (i.e., weight of
monensin/weight of monensin plus solvent), concentrations of solvent (i.e., weight of
solvent/weight of solvent plus monensin), amounts of monensin, and adaptation for
consumption provided in the preceding paragraphs are also applicable to the processes
described herein.
shows that food compositions including an alkaline component such as calcium
hydroxide display a greater percentage of detectable monensin compared to food
compositions that do not include calcium hydroxide.
The following embodiments are also contemplated:
1. A process for preparing an animal feed supplement comprising the step of
combining a) a mineral mix and b) a soluble composition comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of monensin and a solvent,
wherein the mineral mix is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate.
2. The process of clause 1 wherein the soluble composition is allowed to dry
following combination with the mineral mix.
3. The process of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the animal feed supplement is
subsequently combined with monocalcium phosphate.
4. The process of clause 3 wherein the monocalcium phosphate is a solid.
. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 4 wherein the animal feed
supplement is subsequently combined with an animal feed.
6. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 5 wherein the solvent is selected
from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E,
ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
7. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the solvent is benzyl
alcohol.
8. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the solvent is oleic acid.
9. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the solvent is propylene
glycol.
. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the solvent is vitamin E.
11. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the solvent is ethanol.
12. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 6 wherein the solvent is glyceryl
mono- and di-caprylate.
13. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 12 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight).
14. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 13 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight).
. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 14 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight).
16. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 15 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight).
17. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 16 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight).
18. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 17 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight).
19. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 16 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
20. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
21. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
22. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
23. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 17 wherein monensin is present at a
concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
24. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 23 wherein the solvent is present at
a concentration of about 60% to about 95% (weight/weight).
25. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 24 wherein the solvent is present at
a concentration of about 70% to about 95% (weight/weight).
26. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 25 wherein the solvent is present at
a concentration of about 75% to about 95% (weight/weight).
27. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 20 to 26 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 95% (weight/weight).
28. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 20 to 26 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 90% (weight/weight).
29. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 20 to 28 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 80% (weight/weight).
30. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 21 to 28 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 85% (weight/weight).
31. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 22 to 28 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 90% (weight/weight).
32. The process of any one of clauses 1 to 17 or clauses 23 to 27 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 95% (weight/weight).
33. An animal feed supplement made by the process of any one of clauses 1 to
34. The animal feed supplement of clause 33 wherein the animal feed
supplement is adapted for consumption by a ruminant.
. The animal feed supplement of clause 34 wherein the ruminant is a bovine.
36. The animal feed supplement of clause 34 wherein the ruminant is a goat.
37. The animal feed supplement of clause 33 wherein the animal feed
supplement is adapted for consumption by an avian.
38. A process for preparing an animal food composition comprising the step of
combining a) an animal feed and b) a soluble composition comprising a therapeutically
effective amount of monensin and a solvent,
wherein the animal feed is substantially free of monocalcium phosphate.
39. The process of clause 38 wherein the soluble composition is allowed to dry
following combination with the animal feed.
40. The process of clause 38 or clause 39 wherein the animal food
composition is subsequently combined with monocalcium phosphate.
41. The process of clause 40 wherein the monocalcium phosphate is a solid.
42. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 41 wherein the solvent is selected
from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E,
ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
43. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 42 wherein the solvent is benzyl
alcohol.
44. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 42 wherein the solvent is oleic
acid.
45. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 42 wherein the solvent is
propylene glycol.
46. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 42 wherein the solvent is vitamin
47. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 42 wherein the solvent is ethanol.
48. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 42 wherein the solvent is glyceryl
mono- and di-caprylate.
49. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 48 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight).
50. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 49 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight).
51. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 50 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight).
52. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 51 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight).
53. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 52 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight).
54. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 53 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight).
55. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 52 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
56. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
57. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
58. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
59. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 53 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
60. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 59 wherein the solvent is present
at a concentration of about 60% to about 95% (weight/weight).
61. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 60 wherein the solvent is present
at a concentration of about 70% to about 95% (weight/weight).
62. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 61 wherein the solvent is present
at a concentration of about 75% to about 95% (weight/weight).
63. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 or clauses 56 to 62 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 95% (weight/weight).
64. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 or clauses 56 to 63 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 90% (weight/weight).
65. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 or clauses 56 to 64 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 80% (weight/weight).
66. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 or clauses 57 to 64 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 85% (weight/weight).
67. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 54 or clauses 58 to 64 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 90% (weight/weight).
68. The process of any one of clauses 38 to 53 or clauses 59 to 63 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 95% (weight/weight).
69. An animal food composition made by the process of any one of clauses 38
to 68.
70. The animal food composition of clause 69 wherein the animal food
composition is adapted for consumption by a ruminant.
71. The animal food composition of clause 70 wherein the ruminant is a
bovine.
72. The animal food composition of clause 70 wherein the ruminant is a goat.
73. The animal food composition of clause 69 wherein the animal food
composition is adapted for consumption by an avian.
74. A process for preparing an animal food composition comprising the step of
combining a) an animal feed pellet and b) a soluble composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin and a solvent.
75. The process of clause 74 wherein the soluble composition is allowed to dry
following combination with the animal feed pellet.
76. The process of clause 74 or clause 75 wherein the solvent is selected from
the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol,
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
77. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 76 wherein the solvent is benzyl
alcohol.
78. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 76 wherein the solvent is oleic
acid.
79. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 76 wherein the solvent is
propylene glycol.
80. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 76 wherein the solvent is vitamin
81. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 76 wherein the solvent is ethanol.
82. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 76 wherein the solvent is glyceryl
mono- and di-caprylate.
83. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 82 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight).
84. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 83 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight).
85. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 84 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight).
86. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 85 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight).
87. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 86 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight).
88. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 87 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight).
89. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 86 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
90. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
91. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
92. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
93. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 87 wherein monensin is present at
a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
94. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 93 wherein the solvent is present
at a concentration of about 60% to about 95% (weight/weight).
95. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 94 wherein the solvent is present
at a concentration of about 70% to about 95% (weight/weight).
96. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 95 wherein the solvent is present
at a concentration of about 75% to about 95% (weight/weight).
97. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 or clauses 90 to 96 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 95% (weight/weight).
98. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 or clauses 90 to 97 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 80% to about 90% (weight/weight).
99. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 or clauses 90 to 98 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 80% (weight/weight).
100. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 or clauses 91 to 98 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 85% (weight/weight).
101. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 or clauses 92 to 98 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 90% (weight/weight).
102. The process of any one of clauses 74 to 88 or clauses 93 to 97 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 95% (weight/weight).
103. An animal food composition made by the process of any one of clauses 74
to 102.
104. The animal food composition of clause 103 wherein the animal food
composition is adapted for consumption by a ruminant.
105. The animal food composition of clause 104 wherein the ruminant is a
bovine.
106. The animal food composition of clause 104 wherein the ruminant is a goat.
107. The animal food composition of clause 103 wherein the animal food
composition is adapted for consumption by an avian.
The following further embodiments are also contemplated:
1. An animal feed supplement comprising a therapeutically effective amount
of monensin, a solvent, and an alkaline component, wherein the supplement is a mixture.
2. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 wherein the solvent is selected
from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E,
ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
3. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the solvent is
benzyl alcohol.
4. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the solvent is
oleic acid.
. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the solvent is
propylene glycol.
6. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the solvent is
vitamin E.
7. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the solvent is
ethanol.
8. The animal feed supplement of clause 1 or clause 2 wherein the solvent is
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
9. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 8 wherein the
alkaline component is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, sodium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 9 wherein the
alkaline component is calcium hydroxide.
11. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 9 wherein the
alkaline component is sodium hydroxide.
12. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 9 wherein the
alkaline component is potassium hydroxide.
13. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 12 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
14. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 13 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 14 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
16. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 15 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
17. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 16 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
18. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 17 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
19. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 16 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 18 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
21. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 18 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
22. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 18 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
23. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 17 wherein
monensin is present at a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
24. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 23 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 50% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 24 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 55% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
26. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 25 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 60% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
27. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 26 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 65% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
28. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 27 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 70% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
29. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 28 wherein the
solvent is present at a concentration of about 70% to about 89.9% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 20 to
29 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 78%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
31. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 21 to
29 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 83%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
32. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 18 or clauses 22 to
29 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 88%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
33. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 17 or clauses 23 to
28 wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 93%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
34. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 33 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 34 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 1% to about 8%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
36. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 35 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 2% to about 6%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
37. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 36 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 3% to about 5%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
38. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 34 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 1%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
39. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 34 or clause 38
wherein the alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 0.1%
(weight/weight) of said mixture.
40. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 35 or clause 38
wherein the alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 1% (weight/weight)
of said mixture.
41. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 36 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 2% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
42. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 37 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 5% (weight/weight) of said
mixture.
43. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 42 wherein the
supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 50 milligrams of monensin to
about 500 milligrams of monensin per day.
44. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 43 wherein the
supplement is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100 milligrams of monensin to
about 400 milligrams of monensin per day.
45. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 44 wherein the
supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 100 milligrams of
monensin per day.
46. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 44 wherein the
supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 200 milligrams of
monensin per day.
47. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 44 wherein the
supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 250 milligrams of
monensin per day.
48. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 44 wherein the
supplement is consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 300 milligrams of
monensin per day.
49. The animal feed supplement of any one of clauses 1 to 48 wherein the
supplement is associated with an improvement in consumption by an animal.
50. A food composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of
monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an animal feed.
51. The food composition of clause 50 further comprising a mineral mix.
52. The food composition of clause 50 or clause 51 wherein the solvent is
present in a residual amount.
53. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 52 wherein the solvent is
selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol,
vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
54. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 53 wherein the solvent is
benzyl alcohol.
55. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 53 wherein the solvent is
oleic acid.
56. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 53 wherein the solvent is
propylene glycol.
57. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 53 wherein the solvent is
vitamin E.
58. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 53 wherein the solvent is
ethanol.
59. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 53 wherein the solvent is
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
60. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 59 wherein the alkaline
component is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, sodium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
61. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 60 wherein the alkaline
component is calcium hydroxide.
62. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 60 wherein the alkaline
component is sodium hydroxide.
63. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 60 wherein the alkaline
component is potassium hydroxide.
64. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 63 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight).
65. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 64 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight).
66. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 65 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight).
67. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 66 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight).
68. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 67 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight).
69. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 68 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight).
70. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 67 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
71. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 69 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
72. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 69 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
73. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 69 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
74. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 68 wherein monensin is
present at a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
75. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 74 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 50% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
76. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 75 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 55% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
77. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 76 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 60% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
78. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 77 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 65% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
79. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 78 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 70% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
80. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 79 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 70% to about 89.9% (weight/weight).
81. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 69 or clauses 71 to 80
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 78% (weight/weight).
82. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 69 or clauses 72 to 80
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 83% (weight/weight).
83. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 69 or clauses 73 to 80
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 88% (weight/weight).
84. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 68 or clauses 74 to 79
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 93% (weight/weight).
85. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 84 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% (weight/weight).
86. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 85 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 1% to about 8% (weight/weight).
87. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 86 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 2% to about 6% (weight/weight).
88. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 87 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 3% to about 5% (weight/weight).
89. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 85 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 1% (weight/weight).
90. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 85 or clause 89 wherein
the alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% (weight/weight).
91. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 86 or clause 89 wherein
the alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 1% (weight/weight).
92. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 87 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 2% (weight/weight).
93. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 88 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 5% (weight/weight).
94. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 93 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 50 milligrams of monensin to
about 500 milligrams of monensin per day.
95. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 94 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of about 100 milligrams of monensin to
about 400 milligrams of monensin per day.
96. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 95 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 100 milligrams of
monensin per day.
97. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 95 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 200 milligrams of
monensin per day.
98. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 95 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 250 milligrams of
monensin per day.
99. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 95 wherein the
composition is consumed by an animal at a rate of approximately 300 milligrams of
monensin per day.
100. The food composition of any one of clauses 50 to 99 wherein the
composition is associated with an improvement in consumption by an animal.
101. A method of improving feed efficiency comprising administering to an
animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount
of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an animal feed.
102. A method of increasing milk production efficiency comprising
administering to an animal in need the thereof a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an
animal feed.
103. A method of increasing rate of weight gain comprising administering to an
animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount
of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an animal feed.
104. A method of preventing or treating of coccidiosis comprising
administering to an animal in need thereof a food composition comprising a
therapeutically effective amount of monensin, a solvent, an alkaline component, and an
animal feed.
105. The method of clause 104 wherein the coccidiosis is caused by a species of
Eimeria.
106. The method of clause 104 or clause 105 wherein the coccidiosis is caused
by Eimeria bovis.
107. The method of clause 104 or clause 105 wherein the coccidiosis is caused
by Eimeria zuernii.
108. The method of clause 104 or clause 105 wherein the coccidiosis is caused
by Eimeria crandallis.
109. The method of clause 104 or clause 105 wherein the coccidiosis is caused
by Eimeria christenseni.
110. The method of clause 104 or clause 105 wherein the coccidiosis is caused
by Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae.
111. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 110 further comprising a mineral
mix.
112. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 111 wherein the solvent is
present in a residual amount.
113. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 112 wherein the animal is a
ruminant.
114. The method of clause 113 wherein the ruminant is a bovine.
115. The method of clause 113 wherein the ruminant is a goat.
116. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 112 wherein the animal is an
avian.
117. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 116 wherein the solvent is
selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol,
vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
118. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 117 wherein the solvent is benzyl
alcohol.
119. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 117 wherein the solvent is oleic
acid.
120. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 117 wherein the solvent is
propylene glycol.
121. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 117 wherein the solvent is
vitamin E.
122. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 117 wherein the solvent is
ethanol.
123. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 117 wherein the solvent is
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
124. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 123 wherein the alkaline
component is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, sodium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
125. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 124 wherein the alkaline
component is calcium hydroxide.
126. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 124 wherein the alkaline
component is sodium hydroxide.
127. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 124 wherein the alkaline
component is potassium hydroxide.
128. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 127 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight).
129. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 128 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight).
130. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 129 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight).
131. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 130 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight).
132. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 131 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight).
133. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 132 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight).
134. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 131 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
135. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 133 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
136. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 133 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
137. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 133 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
138. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 132 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
139. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 138 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 50% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
140. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 139 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 55% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
141. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 140 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 60% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
142. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 141 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 65% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
143. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 142 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 70% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
144. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 143 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 70% to about 89.9% (weight/weight).
145. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 133 or clauses 135 to 144
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 78% (weight/weight).
146. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 133 or clauses 136 to 144
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 83% (weight/weight).
147. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 133 or clauses 137 to 144
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 88% (weight/weight).
148. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 132 or clauses 138 to 143
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 93% (weight/weight).
149. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 148 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% (weight/weight).
150. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 149 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 1% to about 8% (weight/weight).
151. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 150 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 2% to about 6% (weight/weight).
152. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 151 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 3% to about 5% (weight/weight).
153. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 150 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 1% (weight/weight).
154. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 149 or clause 153 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% (weight/weight).
155. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 150 or clause 153 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 1% (weight/weight).
156. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 151 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 2% (weight/weight).
157. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 152 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 5% (weight/weight).
158. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 157 wherein the composition is
consumed by the animal at a rate of about 50 milligrams of monensin to about 500
milligrams of monensin per day.
159. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 158 wherein the composition is
consumed by the animal at a rate of about 100 milligrams of monensin to about 400
milligrams of monensin per day.
160. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 159 wherein the composition is
consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 100 milligrams of monensin per day.
161. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 159 wherein the composition is
consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 200 milligrams of monensin per day.
162. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 159 wherein the composition is
consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 250 milligrams of monensin per day.
163. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 159 wherein the composition is
consumed by the animal at a rate of approximately 300 milligrams of monensin per day.
164. The method of any one of clauses 101 to 163 wherein the method is
associated with an improvement in consumption of the composition by the animal.
165. A process for preparing a food composition comprising combining a) a
mixture comprising monensin and a solvent, b) an alkaline component, and c) an animal
feed.
166. The process of clause 165 further comprising combining with d) a mineral
mix.
167. The process of clause 165 or clause 166 wherein the solvent is selected
from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E,
ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof.
168. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 167 wherein the solvent is benzyl
alcohol.
169. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 167 wherein the solvent is oleic
acid.
170. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 167 wherein the solvent is
propylene glycol.
171. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 167 wherein the solvent is
vitamin E.
172. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 167 wherein the solvent is
ethanol.
173. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 167 wherein the solvent is
glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate.
174. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 173 wherein the alkaline
component is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, sodium
hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
175. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 174 wherein the alkaline
component is calcium hydroxide.
176. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 174 wherein the alkaline
component is sodium hydroxide.
177. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 174 wherein the alkaline
component is potassium hydroxide.
178. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 177 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 40% (weight/weight).
179. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 178 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 35% (weight/weight).
180. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 179 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 30% (weight/weight).
181. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 180 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 25% (weight/weight).
182. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 181 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 5% to about 20% (weight/weight).
183. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 182 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of about 10% to about 20% (weight/weight).
184. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 181 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 25% (weight/weight).
185. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 183 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 20% (weight/weight).
186. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 183 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 15% (weight/weight).
187. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 183 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 10% (weight/weight).
188. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 182 wherein monensin is present
at a concentration of approximately 5% (weight/weight).
189. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 188 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 50% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
190. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 189 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 55% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
191. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 190 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 60% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
192. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 191 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 65% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
193. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 192 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 70% to about 94.9% (weight/weight).
194. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 193 wherein the solvent is
present at a concentration of about 70% to about 89.9% (weight/weight).
195. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 183 or clauses 185 to 194
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 78% (weight/weight).
196. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 183 or clauses 186 to 194
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 83% (weight/weight).
197. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 183 or clauses 187 to 194
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 88% (weight/weight).
198. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 182 or clauses 188 to 193
wherein the solvent is present at a concentration of approximately 93% (weight/weight).
199. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 198 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 10% (weight/weight).
200. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 199 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 1% to about 8% (weight/weight).
201. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 200 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 2% to about 6% (weight/weight).
202. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 201 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 3% to about 5% (weight/weight).
203. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 199 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 1% (weight/weight).
204. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 199 or clause 203 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 0.1% (weight/weight).
205. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 200 or clause 203 wherein the
alkaline component is present at a concentration of about 1% (weight/weight).
206. The process of any one of clauses 165 to 201 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 2% (weight/weight).
207. he process of any one of clauses 165 to 202 wherein the alkaline
component is present at a concentration of about 5% (weight/weight).
EXAMPLE 1
Consumption of a Monensin-Containing Food Composition
Consumption of the food composition of the present disclosure can be evaluated in
bovines. Three groups of bovines can be evaluated in the present example. In one group,
the food composition of the present disclosure containing monensin, a solvent, and an
animal feed can be combined with a mineral mix fed to bovines. In a second group, a
solid formulation of monensin can be combined with a mineral mix and an animal feed
and fed to bovines. In a third group, a mineral mix and an animal feed can be combined
as a control formulation and fed to bovines. The average intake of the combination
(grams per day) for each group can be evaluated, as well as the average daily weight gain
(kilograms per day). Table 1 shows the results of the study. Bovines fed the food
composition of the present disclosure containing monensin, a solvent, and an animal feed
can display a numerically superior intake of the combination and a greater intake
compared to bovines fed the solid formulation of monensin combined with a mineral mix
and an animal feed.
Table 1.
Group Average Daily Mineral Intake Weekly Mineral
Gain (kg/day) (g/day) Intake (g of
mineral/kg of
bodyweight)
Control -0.04 71.5 1.18
Food Composition -0.16 56.0 (-22%)* 0.92*
Prepared with
Solid Formulation
of Monensin
Food Composition -0.01 64.7 (-10%) 1.07
Prepared with
Monensin
Formulation of
Present Disclosure
* = p<0.05 vs. control
EXAMPLE 2
Detection of Monensin in Food Compositions With and Without Alkaline Material
The detection of monensin in food compositions of the present disclosure can be
evaluated. In one group, a food composition comprising monensin, a solvent, an alkaline
component, and an animal feed can be assayed for the detection of monensin. In the first
group, the solvent can be benzyl alcohol and the alkaline component can be calcium
hydroxide. In another group, a food composition comprising monensin, a solvent, and an
animal feed can be assayed for the detection of monensin. Figure 1 shows the results of
this study. Over time, the food composition including calcium hydroxide can display a
greater percentage of detectable monensin compared to the food composition that does
not include calcium hydroxide.
In this specification where reference has been made to external documents, or other
sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for
discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, reference to
such external documents is not to be construed as an admission that such documents, or
such sources of information, in any jurisdiction, are prior art, or form part of the common
general knowledge in the art.
Claims (20)
1. An animal feed supplement for use in an animal food composition containing an animal feed having monocalcium phosphate therein, comprising monensin, 5 a solvent, and an alkaline component, wherein the supplement is a mixture, and wherein said alkaline component is present in said animal feed supplement in an amount sufficient to maintain the ability to detect monensin in the animal food composition.
2. The animal feed supplement of claim 1, wherein the solvent is selected from benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl 10 mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof, and the alkaline component is calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
3. The animal feed supplement of claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkaline component is present in the supplement in an amount of between about 0.1% to about 10% (weight of alkaline component/(weight of alkaline component plus monensin plus 15 solvent)); and the solvent is present in the supplement in an amount of between about 50% to about 94.9% (weight of solvent/(weight of solvent plus monensin plus alkaline component)).
4. An animal food composition, comprising an animal feed supplement of any one of claims 1 to 3 and an animal feed having monocalcium 20 phosphate therein.
5. The animal food composition of claim 4, wherein the solvent is allowed to evaporate such that said solvent is present in a residual amount.
6. A method of improving feed efficiency comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food composition of claim 4 or 5. 25
7. A method of preventing or treating coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food composition of claim 4 or 5.
8. The method of claim 6 or 7, wherein the animal is a bovine.
9. A process for preparing an animal food composition of claim 4 or 5, comprising combining an animal feed supplement of any one of claims 1 to 3 with an 30 animal feed.
10. An animal feed supplement for use in an animal food composition containing an animal feed having monocalcium phosphate therein, consisting essentially of a mixture of monensin, 5 a solvent selected from benzyl alcohol, oleic acid, propylene glycol, vitamin E, ethanol, glyceryl mono- and di-caprylate, and mixtures thereof present in the supplement in an amount from about 50% to about 94.9% (weight/weight) of the mixture, an alkaline component selected from calcium hydroxide, sodium 10 hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof present in the supplement in an amount from about 0.1% to about 10% (weight/weight) of the mixture, wherein the alkaline component is present in the animal feed supplement in an amount sufficient to maintain the ability to detect monensin in the animal food composition.
11. An animal food composition comprising an animal feed 15 supplement of claim 10 and an animal feed having monocalcium phosphate therein.
12. The animal food composition of claim 11, wherein the solvent is allowed to evaporate such that said solvent is present in a residual amount.
13. A method of improving feed efficiency comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food composition of claim 11 or 12. 20
14. A method of preventing or treating coccidiosis comprising administering to an animal in need thereof an animal food composition of claim 11 or 12.
15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein the animal is a bovine.
16. A process for preparing an animal food composition of claim 11 or 12, comprising combining an animal feed supplement of claim 10 with an animal feed 25 having monocalcium phosphate therein.
17. An animal feed supplement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and 10, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
18. An animal food composition as claimed in any one of claims 4, 5, 11 and 12, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof. 30
19. A method as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, and 13 to 15, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
20. A process as claimed in claim 9 or 16, substantially as herein described with reference to any example thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201161515451P | 2011-08-05 | 2011-08-05 | |
US201161515457P | 2011-08-05 | 2011-08-05 | |
US61/515,457 | 2011-08-05 | ||
US61/515,451 | 2011-08-05 | ||
PCT/US2012/048215 WO2013022603A1 (en) | 2011-08-05 | 2012-07-26 | Animal supplements and food compositions containing soluble monensin composition, and methods and processes therefor |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ619993A NZ619993A (en) | 2016-01-29 |
NZ619993B2 true NZ619993B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
Family
ID=
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