NZ534214A - Structural connector with bolt assembly expanding sleeve portion which does not contact connected components - Google Patents

Structural connector with bolt assembly expanding sleeve portion which does not contact connected components

Info

Publication number
NZ534214A
NZ534214A NZ53421404A NZ53421404A NZ534214A NZ 534214 A NZ534214 A NZ 534214A NZ 53421404 A NZ53421404 A NZ 53421404A NZ 53421404 A NZ53421404 A NZ 53421404A NZ 534214 A NZ534214 A NZ 534214A
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
sleeve
connector
bolt
structural connector
outer sleeve
Prior art date
Application number
NZ53421404A
Inventor
Geoffrey Nigel Banks
Original Assignee
Brl Patents Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brl Patents Ltd filed Critical Brl Patents Ltd
Priority to NZ53421404A priority Critical patent/NZ534214A/en
Priority to PCT/NZ2005/000178 priority patent/WO2006009476A1/en
Publication of NZ534214A publication Critical patent/NZ534214A/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/08—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation
    • F16B13/0858—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front with separate or non-separate gripping parts moved into their final position in relation to the body of the device without further manual operation with an expansible sleeve or dowel body driven against a tapered or spherical expander plug
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry
    • E04B1/4114—Elements with sockets
    • E04B1/4121—Elements with sockets with internal threads or non-adjustable captive nuts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
    • F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

Bolt assembly 5 expands sleeve 4, the expanded portion of which does not contact the connected components 27, 28.

Description

5342 1 New Zealand Patent App. 534214 Filed: 20 July 2004 Patents Form No. 5 Patents Act 1953 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STRUCTURAL CONNECTOR We, BRL PATENTS LIMITED, a New Zealand company of 219 Main South Road, Christchurch, New Zealand, hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: 1 (followed by 1a) Intellectual Property Office of N.Z. 2 0 JUL 2005 RECEl vrn TITLE: Structural Connector Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a structural connector for use in buildings and other structures, and in particular to a structural connector which when in use provides a predictable ductile failure mode.
Background of the Invention Buildings and other structures have to be able to withstand forces which arise from both dead and live loads (resulting from the intended use of the structure) and from loads exerted by factors such as wind, snow, temperature variations and earthquakes. Of these, wind and earthquakes are the most unpredictable and often it is not regarded as feasible building practice to design a building or other structure capable of withstanding the highest possible wind or the strongest possible earthquake completely without damage. Thus, rather than trying to design a structure which can withstand all possible forces of all possible strengths, design engineers instead have concentrated on designing a structure in such a way that the structures show a degree of ductility, and therefore absorb energy in the event of an unusually severe wind or a severe earthquake. When subjected to loads in excess of its elastic capacity, a structure designed in this way deforms inelastically but without reduction in its strength and that deformation dissipates some of the energy imparted by the excess load.
It is desirable that a structure designed in this way should deform inelastically in a predictable manner, i.e. so that ductile behaviour occurs at certain load intensity, allowing deformation in the structure which reduces the risk of collapse of the whole of the structure.
Using this design philosophy, a structure is designed with deliberately introduced weak links at pre-determined locations in the structure; these weak links behave in an inelastic but controlled fashion when design loads are exceeded. Allowing parts of the structure to fail in a ductile manner in this way allows the structure as a whole to deform and accept the excess loading imposed by the wind or earthquake or other force, without total structural failure. In practice, this means that although a structure of this type subjected to e.g. an earthquake, may require repair after the earthquake, 1a the structure as a whole does not fail. At best, the structure remains usable, and at worst, the structure remains sufficiently intact to minimize the risk of injury or loss of life.
In many designs, it is believed that the weak links are best incorporated at connection points; in this way, the forces and moments on the connected elements are maintained at an acceptable and controlled level, the elements do not fail readily, and are simpler to design, manufacture and install. In addition, it is a requirement of many design codes that connections exhibit ductile failure.
Description of the Invention It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a structural connector of the above described type which is capable of providing a ductile connection between structural components and which functions as a weak link, but which does not damage 15 the surrounding components when the structural connector is in ductile failure.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a structural connector which is capable of being reused after each overload event by the replacement of one or more components, without any significant damage to the surrounding structural components 20 and without any reduction in the effectiveness of the structural connector.
The present invention provides a structural connector for securing together at least two components, said connector including a first sleeve and a bolt assembly at least partially locatable within the first sleeve; one end of the bolt in use being arranged to 25 extend through at least one of the components being secured together by the connector, the remainder of the bolt extending into the first sleeve, and carrying expansion means for engaging with, and causing ductile expansion of, the first sleeve, such that the expanded portion of said first sleeve does not contact the components being connected by the connector.
Preferably, the expansion means consists of a cone which is in screw threaded engagement with the other end of the bolt, the cone being coaxial with the bolt and the wider end of the cone being adjacent the end of the bolt, and an expanding sleeve mounted upon the bolt adjacent the narrower end of the cone; the inner diameter of 35 the expanding sleeve being sufficient to admit the narrower end of the cone; the arrangement being such that rotation of the bolt moves th»xonealonq the screw ^ Intellectual operty Office of N.2. 1 8 ^IQV 2005 RECEIved thread into further engagement with the expanding sleeve, so as to expand the expanding sleeve radially outwards into engagement with the first sleeve, and thus cause circumferential ductile yielding in the adjacent portion of the first sleeve.
Preferably also, said connector also includes an outer sleeve; the first sleeve being located within and releasably engageable with the outer sleeve, with the inner sleeve spaced from the interior of the outer sleeve such that the first sleeve can expand radially over at least a portion of its length without binding on said outer sleeve.
The outer sleeve is required to protect the inner components and to allow the first sleeve room to expand without being restricted by surrounding building components. Whilst, if the structural connector is to be used in a free standing application (i.e. on the outer surface of one of the components being secured together), the outer sleeve is not essential and the connector can consist of only the first sleeve and the bolt assembly. However, if the structural connector is to be incorporated in one of the components (e.g. by adhesive bonding or by being cast in), then the outer sleeve must be present, otherwise the surrounding building materials will prevent the inner sleeve from expanding in the required manner.
Brief Description of the Drawings By way of example only, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:-Fig. 1 shows a partial section through a structural connector in accordance with the present invention, used for fixing steel components; Fig. 2 shows a partial section through a structural connector in accordance with the present invention, used for securing concrete or masonry or brickwork components; Fig. 3 shows a partial section through a structural connector in accordance with the present invention, cast into concrete or a similar cast-matrix material; and Fig.s 4a,b and c show a partial section through the structural connector of Fig. 1 respectively before pre-tensioning, after pre-tensioning and after overload.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments Referring to the drawings, a structural connector 2 comprises an outer sleeve 3, a first or inner sleeve 4 and a bolt assembly 5. All parts of the structural connector 2 are made of a suitable strong, tough material capable of resisting corrosion by the material Intellectual Property 3 Office of NZ. 1 8 :<!QV 2005 RECEIVED or materials surrounding it, e.g. a suitable corrosion resistant metal. In addition, the inner sleeve 4 must possess predetermined ductile failure characteristics.
The outer sleeve 3 is an open ended cylinder formed with an internal screw thread 6 at 5 one end. The open end of the cylinder adjacent the screw thread 6 may be fitted with a cap 7 to shield the contents of the sleeve 3 from the surrounding materials if the connector is cast in or embedded, or from the dirt and weather if the connector is exposed.
If the connector 2 is to be used as an exposed connector connecting e.g. two steel plates (as shown in Fig. 1), the outer wall of the sleeve 3at the opposite end to the cap 7 is formed as a hexagon cross-section 8, to allow the connector to be restrained while the connector is being secured as described below.
If the connector 2 is to be cast in (e.g. into concrete or fibreglass) as shown in Fig. 3, the outer wall of the sleeve 3 at the end adjacent to the screw thread 6 may be enlarged to form a shoulder 9 to key the connector into the matrix.
The inner sleeve 4 comprises a cylinder of constant internal diameter but with a 20 thickened portion 12,10, formed on its outer surface at each end. The end of the inner sleeve 4 adjacent the cap 7 is formed with a small shoulder 12 which is externally screw threaded to engage the screw thread 6 on the sleeve 3. At the other end of the inner sleeve 4, the inner edge 10a of a thickened portion 10, forms a shoulder which bears against a complimentary shoulder 3a formed around the inner surface of the 25 outer sleeve 3. The engagement between the shoulders 10a, 3a, helps to locate the inner sleeve 4 correctly within the outer sleeve 3, and prevent the inner sleeve from being screwed to far into the outer sleeve, when the two sleeves are assembled together by engaging the screw thread on the shoulder 12 with the screw thread 6 on the sleeve 3. The end 11 of the inner sleeve (i.e. at the end of the thickened portion 30 10) is formed with some means of mechanically tightening the sleeve 4 into the outer sleeve 3, such as a pair of the spaced holes for receiving a driving tool.
The bolt assembly 5 consists of a central bolt 13 with a conventional hexagon head 14 at one end and screw threaded along part of its length adjacent the other end 15. The 35 bolt 13 carries a washer 16 adjacent the head 14, followed by two cylindrical spacers, 17,18, both of which are easy sliding fits over the bolt 13. The washer 16 may be a 4 load indicating washer of known type. The spacer 18 is designed to collapse under compressive force, so that when the connector is preloaded as described below, any slack in the connection between the components is removed.
The bolt 13 also carries an expanding sleeve 19 and a threaded cone 20, with the internal screw thread of the cone 20 engaged with the thread formed on the bolt adjacent the end 15 of the bolt, and the larger-diameter portion of the cone 20 furthest from the expanding sleeve 19. The cone 20 is dimensioned such that the smaller diameter end 21 of the cone 20 can fit inside the adjacent end 22 of the expanding 10 sleeve 19. The cone angle is approximately 9°; this has been found to give good results in practice.
The expanding sleeve 19 is slotted with a plurality of equidistantly spaced slots 23, to aid the uniform expansion of the sleeve. Each slot 23 ends in a part circular hole 24, 15 about two thirds along the length of the sleeve.
An o-ring 25 is mounted in a grove formed around the lower end of the expanding sleeve 19 to provide a frictional fit between the expanding sleeve 19 and the internal surface of the sleeve 4, to restrain rotation of the expanding sleeve 19 relevant to the 20 inner sleeve 4.
The above described connector is fitted and used as described below. First, the inner sleeve 4 is screwed into the outer sleeve 3. If the connector is to be used as an exposed connector, to connect together, e.g. two steel plates as shown in Fig. 1, then 25 the outer sleeve 3 and inner sleeve 4 are positioned as shown in Fig. 1, with the central aperture of the inner sleeve 4 aligned with a preformed hole through the two plates 27,28. As discussed above, for this type of application, the outer sleeve 3 may be omitted.
If the connector is to be resin bonded into place as shown in Fig. 2, the preassembled sleeves 3 and 4 are bonded into a preformed hole 30 in the concrete/masonry/brickwork using resin adhesive 31, with the central aperture of the inner sleeve 4 aligned with the longitudinal axis of the hole 30.
If the connector is to be cast in place, a sleeve 3 formed with a shoulder 9 (Fig. 3) is used and the preassembled sleeves 3 and 4 are supported in the mould in the required position while the concrete or other product 32 is cast around them. The shoulder 9 may be formed with a profiled rib 35, into which bent reinforcing bars may be located.
Referring in particular to Fig.s 4a/b/c, the component(s) to be connected by the structural connector are formed with a suitable hole 33 to receive the bolt assembly 5 therethrough and are then arranged with the centre of the hole 33 aligned with the longitudinal axis of the connector, the bolt assembly 5 arranged with the head 14 and washer 16 on the side of the component remote from the connector, and the 10 remainder of the bolt assembly extending into the interior of the inner sleeve 4. The connector 2 must then be preloaded to secure the components and the connector together; this is done by rotating the head 14 of the bolt assembly 5 so that the cone 20, which is engaged with the screw thread on the end of the bolt, moves in the direction of Arrow A, forcing the cone 20 into the top of the expanding sleeve 19. This 15 expands the expanding sleeve radially outwards, initially forcing the exterior wall of the expanding sleeve into tight frictional contact with the interior wall of the inner sleeve 4, and then causing circumferential yielding in the adjacent portion of the sleeve 4, so that that portion of the sleeve is bulged outwards circumferentially (Fig. 4b). The inner sleeve 4 resists the tensile force applied by the bolt assembly by a combination of 20 friction at the interface between the expanding sleeve 19 and the inner sleeve 4, parallel to the surface of the cone, and a normal reaction to the applied tensile force, (i.e. perpendicular to the tensile force). The inserts 25 help to prevent rotation of the expanding sleeve 19 as the bolt 13 is rotated.
The cone 20 moves in the direction of Arrow A until the smaller diameter end 21 of the cone reaches a shoulder 36 formed on the interior of the expanding sleeve 19.
If the components being secured together are not properly in contact by the time the connector is preloaded as described above, the bolt 13 may be rotated further, to 30 crush the spacer 18 and give room to tighten the components to the required position.
If the connector 2 is freestanding as shown in Fig. 1, the assembly of the outer sleeve 3 and inner sleeve 4 is held steady during the rotation of the bolt assembly 5 by means of a clamp or spanner on the hexagon section 8.
The components are now secured together and preloaded by the connector 2 and will 6 remain secured in this manner during all normal usage of the components. However, if a force in excess of the preload force is applied to the bolt assembly 5, (Fig. 4c) the bolt assembly 5 moves in the direction of Arrow A and tries to pull the expanded expanding sleeve 19 down the length of the inner sleeve 4; this requires yielding along 5 the corresponding portion of the sleeve 4, plus the overcoming of friction at the contact faces between the sleeves 4 and 19. This yielding and the overcoming of friction at the contact faces both absorb energy and provide the required ductile yielding response to the applied overload.
When the overload has ceased, the bolt assembly 5 and the sleeve 4 are replaced by unscrewing the bolt 13 and withdrawing it from the bolt assembly, moving the attached component 28,28a,28b to allow access to the base of the connector, unscrewing the inner sleeve 4 and the remaining parts of the bolt assembly 5 from the outer sleeve 3, screwing a replacement inner sleeve 4 into the outer sleeve 3, repositioning the 15 component 28,28a,28b, and inserting and preloading a fresh bolt assembly.
It will be appreciated that the clearance 37 between the exterior of the inner sleeve 4 and the interior of the outer sleeve 3 is such that the circumferential yielding of the sleeve 4 does not bring the inner and outer sleeves into contact:- the only contact 20 between the inner and outer sleeves occurs at the extreme ends of the two sleeves, i.e. the screw threaded connection 6 with the shoulder 12 and the contact between the shoulders 10a/3a, as described above. Even during an overload situation the expanding sleeve 19 does not move down the length of the inner sleeve 4 sufficiently to encounter the thickened portion 10 (see Fig. 4c). Thus, even if overload occurs, the 25 inner sleeve 4 does not damage the inner surface of the outer sleeve 3, and the two sleeves can be disengaged.
Since the inner sleeve 4 the bolt assembly 5 can be replaced after each overload event, the structural connector does not deteriorate over a period of use, even if there 30 are a number of overload events.
The structural connector is not affected by strain hardening, since each section of the sleeve 4 yields only once before it is replaced. Over the relevant portion of its length, the inner sleeve 4 is of constant thickness, and the length of the yield section remains 35 constant irrespective of its location, so that the force which is required to produce movement also is constant. It follows that the structural connector exhibits a near- 7 perfect elastic/plastic load displacement diagram. It has been found that in the form shown the structural connector of the present invention has a design load in tension which is similar to equivalent non-ductile structural connectors. 8

Claims (12)

CLAIMS:
1. A structural connector for securing together at least two components, said connector including a first sleeve and a bolt assembly at least partially locatable within the first sleeve; one end of the bolt in use being arranged to extend through at least one of the components being secured together by the connector, the remainder of the bolt extending into the first sleeve, and carrying expansion means for engaging with, and causing ductile expansion of, the first sleeve, such that the expanded portion of said first sleeve does not contact the components being connected by the connector. 10
2. The structural connector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the expansion means includes a cone in screw threaded engagement with the other end of the bolt, and an expanding sleeve mounted upon the bolt adjacent the narrower end of the cone; the inner diameter of the expanding sleeve being sufficient to admit 15 the narrower end of the cone; the arrangement being such that rotation of the bolt moves the cone along the screw thread into further engagement with the expanding sleeve so as to expand the expanding sleeve radially outwards into engagement with the first sleeve and thus cause circumferential ductile yielding in the adjacent portion of the first sleeve. 20
3. The structural connector as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said connector also includes an outer sleeve; the first sleeve being located within and releasably engageable with the outer sleeve, with the first sleeve spaced from the interior of the outer sleeve such that the first sleeve can expand 25 radially over at least a portion of its length without binding on said outer sleeve.
4. The structural connector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the releasable engagement between the first and outer sleeves consists of a screw threaded engagement. 30
5. The structural connector as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the first sleeve, the outer sleeve, and the bolt all are concentric.
6. The structural connector as claimed in any one of claims 3-5, wherein the outer 35 sleeve is an open ended cylinder. Intelle^^rproperty Office of N.Z. 1 8 ^OV 2005 R E G E | y F n
7. The structural connector as claimed in claim 6 wherein the first sleeve is an open ended cylinder formed with a thickened portion at each end of the exterior wall of the cylinder, one said thickened portion being adapted for screw threaded engagement with the outer sleeve, and the other said thickened 5 portion being engageable with a shoulder formed on the interior of the outer sleeve.
8. The structural connector as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, further including a removable cap for one end of the outer sleeve. 10
9. The structural connector as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further including a spacer mounted upon said bolt between said one end of the bolt and the expansion means, said spacer being designed to collapse under a predetermined compressive force. 15
10. A structural connector as claimed in claim 6, wherein a portion of the exterior wall of the outer sleeve is formed with a multi-sided cross-section.
11. A structural connector as claimed in claim 6, wherein a portion of the exterior 20 wall of the outer sleeve is formed with an outwardly projecting shoulder.
12. A structural connector substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in any one of Fig.s 1-3 of the accompanying drawings. 10 Intellectual Property Office of N.Z. 1 8 JIOV 2005 RECEIVED
NZ53421404A 2004-07-20 2004-07-20 Structural connector with bolt assembly expanding sleeve portion which does not contact connected components NZ534214A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ53421404A NZ534214A (en) 2004-07-20 2004-07-20 Structural connector with bolt assembly expanding sleeve portion which does not contact connected components
PCT/NZ2005/000178 WO2006009476A1 (en) 2004-07-20 2005-07-20 Structural connector

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ53421404A NZ534214A (en) 2004-07-20 2004-07-20 Structural connector with bolt assembly expanding sleeve portion which does not contact connected components

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ534214A true NZ534214A (en) 2006-01-27

Family

ID=35785495

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NZ53421404A NZ534214A (en) 2004-07-20 2004-07-20 Structural connector with bolt assembly expanding sleeve portion which does not contact connected components

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NZ (1) NZ534214A (en)
WO (1) WO2006009476A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2470230A (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-17 David Reid A load-bearing member having a rigid portion and a flexible portion
GB2505100A (en) * 2011-04-01 2014-02-19 David Reid Methods and apparatus for improving the integrity of building structures
CN104895194B (en) * 2015-05-27 2017-04-12 常州市规划设计院 Fast-constructed beam and slab connecting structure and construction method thereof
US10370844B2 (en) 2015-06-03 2019-08-06 Onguard Group Limited Securing assembly
CN110131268A (en) * 2019-05-28 2019-08-16 巨硕精密机械(常熟)有限公司 The multi-functional bushing of inset type
CN110441145B (en) * 2019-08-27 2021-08-17 青岛理工大学 Tunnel lining concrete durability test method

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3044051A1 (en) * 1980-11-22 1982-06-16 Anton 8500 Nürnberg Gerhard Expanding dowel for high loads - has several expanding sleeves with expanding cone and ring
CA2003820A1 (en) * 1988-11-25 1990-05-25 Richard J. Beton Masonry anchors
US5921646A (en) * 1997-07-22 1999-07-13 Kenmark Industrial, Co., Ltd. Combination of easily assemblable and movable cabinet with its engagement components
FR2817303B1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2004-04-23 Prospection & Inventions EXPANDABLE SOCKET ANKLE WITH COMPRESSIBLE PORTION
DE20209003U1 (en) * 2001-06-20 2002-09-12 Horst Filipp GmbH, 32130 Enger fastening device
DE20119311U1 (en) * 2001-11-27 2003-04-10 fischerwerke Artur Fischer GmbH & Co. KG, 72178 Waldachtal Device for joining two flat sheets, comprising conical spreading sleeve with lateral gap made of small sheet of metal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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