NZ209269A - Stabilised buoy for supporting radio antenna in ocean - Google Patents
Stabilised buoy for supporting radio antenna in oceanInfo
- Publication number
- NZ209269A NZ209269A NZ209269A NZ20926984A NZ209269A NZ 209269 A NZ209269 A NZ 209269A NZ 209269 A NZ209269 A NZ 209269A NZ 20926984 A NZ20926984 A NZ 20926984A NZ 209269 A NZ209269 A NZ 209269A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- bag
- buoyant
- antenna
- medium
- housing
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B22/00—Buoys
- B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Description
2092 69
Priority
Date(s): . 15.
1
Complete Specification Filed:
Class: .{&•
6afiA?4l8
0JUN'M.,...
Publication Date: P.O. Journal, No:
(v.-.. i-ATENT OFf!OE
17 AUG 1984
RECEIVED
N.Z.No.
NEW ZEALAND
Patents Act 1953
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
"FLOTATION BAG ASSEMBLY"
We, HAZELTINE CORPORATION, a corporation organized and existing
• »
under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America 500 Commack Road, Commack, New York 1172 5, United States of America,
do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement : -
- 1 - (followed by 1A)
209289
FLOTATION BAG ASSEMBLY
■Th-e Government hoc rlghtc in this inygg^flta. pursuant to rnntrnrt NnnrHP ■ n I' ill 'I nwiiiili ii by the the Navy.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates generally to a stable support for structures at or above the surface of a fluid medium and in particular to a communications buoy for use in the ocean.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Many types of flotation devices exist with differing characterisitcs.
Damper plates and toroid shaped flotation devices have been used to create buoys which are wave followers. For example, see Buoy Engineering, H.0. Berteaux, John and Sons, 1976 Pg. 212-213. These surface following buoys are subject to strong heave and pitch due to the motion of the ocean.
A more stable buoy can be built by decreasing the cross section of the buoy at the water level. Such devices experience less heavffiggw The mass
2<>9269
O
1 of the buoy can also be distributed to create a
2 righting moment. This will'decrease the pitch.
3 Further stability can be obtained by
4 surface decoupling. A buoyant cylinder with a
counterweight suspended from its bottom is a typical
6 example, Berteaux, supra. Such spar buoys cannot have
7 much reserve buoyancy and usually have a large draft.
8 These factors mitigate the usefulness of these types
9 of buoys in deep water.
3. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
11 It is an object of this invention to
12 provide a communications buoy having an antenna which
13 uses the surface of the ocean as a ground plane; such
14 buoy having structure which limits the antenna's
motion with respect to the surface of the ocean to
16 within 4 inches heave and 25° pitch.
17 It is another object of this invention to
18 provide a stable buoy that can withstand ocean
19 conditions up to and including state 5.
The buoy according to the invention may be
21 used as part of a search and rescue system for
22 locating downed aircraft and ships- in -dlstress..._ Such
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I
m
209269
1 buoys would be carried by vehicles and be deployed
2 when needed. Their distress signal could be received
3 by satellites and their position located.
4 The according to the invention could
carry various other types of payloads or support
6 various antenna structures as well. Other possible
7 uses include oceanographic monitoring buoys and
8 satellite linked sonobuoys.
9 It is an object of this invention to
provide an apparatus for the stable support of a £) 11 structure, such as an antenna, in a fluid medium, such
12 as water.
13 It is a futher object of this invention to
14 limit the motion of an antenna supported above the
surface of the ocean, within the operational limits of
16 the transmitting system.
17 It is a further object of this invention
18 to support an electronics payload near the surface of
19 the ocean such that the power loss between the
electronics payload and an antenna supported on the
21 surface is within operational limits and,
C
22 specifically, less than 3db.
23 The invention is an apparatus for the
24 stable support of a structure, such as an antenna, in
O
h-i cvj
-3- if 11 FEB 1987*}
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209269
1 a fluid medium, such as water. The apparatus bu o4"
2 comprises a tojj ^ant first member and first means for
3 engaging the structure. The first means is associated
4 with the member. Second means are provided for
channeling the fluid which encroaches upon the tso'uffan't
6 member due to any motion of the member with respect to
7 the surface of the fluid medium, the encroaching fluid
8 being channeled back into the fluid medium such that
9 the kinetic energy of the felffyant first member is
dissipated as the fluid is channeled back into the O 11 fluid medium.
12 Alternatively, the apparatus according to buoy<M(f*
13 the invention may comprise a fe-ouyarrt first member for
14 supporting the structure, a payload and decoupling
means for supporting the payload below the tttutyartt
16 member such that any motion of the payload is
17 decoupled from the member and any motion of the member
18 is decoupled from the payload.
19 Alternatively, the apparatus according to
*- jk
the invention may comprise a -oogyafcfe member with an
21 inwardly arched bottom portion, and means, associated
^ J ^ ^ 1
22 with the baffiant member, for engaging the structure.
23 Alternatively, an apparatus according to
24 the Invention may comprise an antenna, a bouffant ^ 25 member, first means for generating an r.f. signal,
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209269
second means interconnecting the first means and the antenna, and decoupling means for supporting the first means below the tiotyyon-t member such that any motion of the member is decoupled from the first means and the motion of the first means is decoupled from the member.
Alternatively, the invention may comprise a communication/ which is stable in a fluid medium and includes structures for minimizing the heave and pitch of the Specifically, a flotation bag with a concave bottom formed by pulling in the center of the bottom of the bag with straps secured to the inside walls of the bag supports an antenna. A semi-rigid damper skirt extending around the bp«e of the bag is submerged when the apparatus is floating in the fluid medium. The bag is provided with a ribbon fence comprising containers which have an opening above the fluid level, and an opening below the fluid level, when the apparatus is floating in the medium, allowing the fluid to flow in and out of the containers. The payload is supported in a cylindrical chamber connected to the flotation bag by a flexible cable, enabling the payload to swing.
209269
1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
2 Figure 1 is a side view of a
3 communications &oSy according to the invention
4 deployed in water.
Figure 2 is a side view of the tjoffi of
^ 6 Figure 1 with parts broken away to illustrate internal w 7 structure.
8 Figure 3 is a perspective view of a
9 communications -b«9y- according to the invention in an
undeployed state.
11 Figure 4 is a top view of a flotation bag
12 according to the invention.
13 Figures 5a -5g are graphs illustrating the
14 operational transmission requirements and the
estimated performance of an antenna system according
16 to the invention under varying conditions of heave and
17 pitch.
18 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
^ 19 Referring to figures 1 and 2, flotation
bag 1 is an inflated balloon-like structure having a
21 specific gravity less than the specific gravity of
22 fluid medium W. Bag 1 encloses antenna 2 and supports
23 a payload 3 below the surface of medium W,
J/'-V
11FEB198T^
209269
1 Although this embodiment comprises
2 flotation bag 1 which encloses antenna 2, the
3 invention includes flotation devices of any type which
4 support structures.
Figures 5a-5g compare the estimated
2.
6 performance 102 of an antenna such as antenna & under
7 varying conditions of heave and pitch with the
~' 8 operational performance requirement 101 for successful
2.
9 transmission. Antenna 7 uses the surface of the fluid
W as a ground plane. Heave and pitch disturb the
2.
11 relationship between the radiating antenna 2 and the
12 ground plane, changing the radiation pattern of
13 antenna §. As shown by graphs 5a, 5b, and 5f, the,
2
14 estimated performance 102 of antenna t crosses and
falls below the operational performance requirements
16 for successful transmission between points 103 and
17 104. In summary, successful transmission is not z.
18 achieved when antenna 2 undergoes more than 4 inches
19 heave or 25° pitch. The apparatus according to the
invention limits the motion of the antenna relative to
21 the ground plane to within 4 inches heave and 25° ^ 22 pitch, under ocean conditions up to sea state 5.
23 A damper skirt 4 extends around the base
24 of the flotation bag 1 and is made of a semi-rigid
material supported in a horizontal position by ribbo.
. 'l
^ 26 fence 5.
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209269
When the apparatus is afloat, damper skirt 4 is below the surface of the medium W. The weight of the payload 3, the shape of the bottom of the flotation bag 1 and the jfouffian^y of bag 1, which will be described in detail below, are configured so that damper skirt 4 is below the water line when the apparatus is stable.
Damper skirt 4 increases the surface area in contact with the ocean, offering a surface which resists motion V within medium W. In order to rise or tip in response to a wave, damper skirt 4 must travel upwardly through the fluid. The resistance to upward movement of skirt 4 is caused by the fluid above the skirt 4. The energy that would otherwise cause heave and pitch of the flotation bag 1 is dissipated by this resistance and any resulting movement of skirt 4 within the medium W.
As shown particularly in figure 4, ribbon fence 5 which supports the damper skirt 4 is a series of contiguous compartments, 5a-5g. Damper skirt 4 acts as the base of the compartments 5a-5g of ribbon fence 5 and the side Is of the flotation bag 1 forms the back wall of the compartments. The walls of the compartments in the embodiment illustrated comprise a strip of semi-rigid material connected to the side of
209289
1 the flotation bag 1 at spaced apart points P. The
2 flotation bag 1, -damper skirt 4 and the strip form the
3 contiguous compartments, the combination of which is
4 referred to herein as ribbon fence 5.
Each compartment 5a-5g has an opening 6 in
6 the lower portion thereof, where the strip joins to
7 damper skirt 4. The compartments have an opened top
8 7. When stable in the ocean, the bottom hole 6, which
9 has a cross section less than the opening at the top
7, is beneath the level of the medium W. The water
11 line on the flotation bag when the apparatus is at
12 rest in the ocean is approximately at the midpoint/8
13 of the height of the ribbon fence 5.
14 Compartments 5a-5h act as containers for
the fluid medium. Fluid encroaching upon bag 1 can
16 enter the compartments through hole 6 or the opened
17 top 7 and can drain from the compartments through the
18 hole 6. When bag 1 rises due to the motion of the
19 ocean, sea water will drain out of the holes 6,
dissipating the kinetic energy of bag 1 created by the ^ 21 rising motion of the ocean. Oscillating of the
22 flotation bag 1 within the medium W are thereby
23 damped. The compartments increase the resistance to
24 motion of damper skirt 4 by partially enclosing the
fluid and by requiring the damper skirt to lift the
u
1 partially enclosed fluid in the compartments as the
2 flotation bag 1 rises in response to a wave. This
3 acts to further decrease the heave and pitch of the
4 flotation bag.
The damper skirt 4 and ribbon fence 5 are
6 described associated with each other, constructed from
7 semi-rigid materials for the purpose of stabilizing
8 flotation bag 1. However, the damper skirt 4 may be a
9 submerged plate and the means for channeling fluid
that encroaches on the device. Such structures may be used separately or in combination to decrease both the
12 heave and pitch of the device.
13 Payload 3 comprises electronics 31
14 enclosed in a cylindrical housing 32. Housing 32 is
connected to the bottom of the flotation bag 1 by
16 nylon cord 8. One end of nylon cord 8 connects to a
17 point 8a within the housing, approximately one-quarter
18 from the top of the housing and the other end connects
19 to the center of the bottom of the bag 8b, at bulkhead
9, which is a rigid portion. Electrical wires 311
21 also pass from the electronics 31 into the bulkhead
22 9. Beneath the bulkhead 9 is microphonics bumper 91.
23 Nylon cord 8 and the location of the
24 connection between the housing 32 and the flotation — 25 baa 1, at 8a and 8b, decouple the motion of flotation o
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209289
bag 1 from housing 32 such that, over a certain range, the motion of bag 1 does not affect the motion of cylindrical housing 32 and the motion of cylindrical housing 32 does not affect the houoing motion of bag 1. The range of motion depends on the demensions of the decoupling apparatus including the diameter of housing 32 and the distance between the top of housing 32 and microphonic bumper 91.
Housing 32 is free to swing like a pendulum until the top of the housing 32a collides with the microphonic bumper 91. Similarly, the flotation bag 1 can freely pitch until the bumper 91 collides with the top of the housing 32a.
of the payload 3, measured from the vertical, before contact between housing 32a and microphonic bumper 91. Bumper 91 absorbs some of the energy of any impact between bag 1 and payload 3, decreasing the effect such impact would have on the heave and pitch of the flotation bag. Bumper 91 also protects the electrical wiring that feed to the antenna, preventing interruption or interference with the transmission of a message due to impacts between the _ 32a and the bulkhead 9 through which wires 311 pass.
In the embodiment illustrated, electronics
This allows for 10° - 15° of motion
31 is close to antenna 2 in order to minimize the
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209269
power loss due to transmission of a signal from electronics 31 to antenna 2 via cable 311.
Preferably, the power loss is less than 3db.
The upper portion 33, of housing 32,
referred to herein as a collar, stores the entire flotation apparatus before it is deployed, as shown in Figure 3. After deployment, the upper portion 33 floods with water, through holes in its sides, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The flooding reduces the t^ffySr&y of the payload 3 which results in payload 3 pulling the flotation bag 1 into the water, ensuring that the damper skirt 4 and bottom hole 6 of ribbon fence 5 are submerged. This increases the stability of flotation bag 1.
The flooding of upper portion 33 results in the center of mass of housing 32 being lower in the medium W, increasing the period of oscillation of housing 32. This stabilizes the entire structure and decreases the heave and pitch of flotation bag 1.
The center of the bottom of the flotation bag 1 is pulled upward by straps 13 secured at 131, along the inside wall of flotation bag 1. This reduces the JeS^pam^y of bag 1, aiding in maintaining the necessary waterline above damper skirt 4 and at the midpoint of ribbon fence 5. The baselof bag 1/f is
%
\ IIFEBftSI?
,Oa
r
V.
209269
1 inwardly arched at its center 15 so that the greatest
2 &o8ffiant forces are located at the outer portions of
3 the bag This decreases the pitch of the flotation
4 bag 1 by creating a longer torque arm which must be
overcome for the flotation bag to rotate. This
6 righting moment further aids in stabilizing the
3 7 flotation bag. The adhesion caused by inwardly arched
8 center 15 between the surface of the bottom 16 of the
9 bag and the fluid medium W also decreases the heave of
the flotation bag.
11 Although this particular embodiment
12 describes a flotation bag with a concave bottom, the
13 invention is meant to cover flotation devices of any
14 material with a bottom of inwardly arched shape.
The apparatus and payload are ejected in
16 the cylindrical housing 3, as shown in Figure 3.
17 Antenna >?, flotation bag 1, ribbon fence 5 and damper
18 skirt 4 are all stored in upper chamber 33 of the
19 housing 32. Housing 32, which is ^offyomt, floats to
the surface of the ocean after being ejected. The
21 flotation bag and antenna are then deployed and the
22 preprogrammed messages are transmitted.
Oil if
JtFEBWW'
2"9269
3
1 What we claim is:
Claims (15)
1 Claim 1. An apparatus for the stable
2 support of a structure, such as an antenna, in a
3 fluid medium, such as water, said apparatus
4 comprising:
5 a. a buoyant first member having a side
6 wall, said first member having a buoyancy greater
7 than the buoyancy of the medium so that said
8 member, when located in the medium, will float
9 and a lower portion of said member will be
10 submerged;
11 b. first means attached to the lower
12 portion of said first member, said first means 13 engaging the structure; 14 c. a ribbon fence attached to the side 15 wall, said ribbon fence comprising at least one 16 container with a top opening, a side opening and 17 a closed bottom, said container supported by the 18 side wall of the buoyant first member such that 19 the top opening is above the level of.the fluid 20 medium and the lower opening is below the level 21 of, the fluid medium when the apparatus is floating 22 in the medium; and ~~~~ It 2"9269 23 d. said ribbon fence positioned on the 24 side wall such that fluid which encroaches 25 upon the side wall due to motion between 26 the buoyant member and the fluid medium 27 enters the top opening whereupon it is 28 temporarily stored in the container and KihtHc/ ^ 29 dissipates its k-et*e£ic energy and;30 thereafter exits the container through the;31 side opening.;■\T) 1 Claim 2. An apparatus as in claim 1,;2 wherein said ribbon fence comprises a plurality;3 of adjacent compartments supported by and located;4 about the side wall, each compartment having an;5 open top, a side opening having a cross sectional;6 area less than the cross sectional area of the;7 top opening and a closed bottom.;1 Claim 3. An apparatus as in claim 2,;2 wherein each said compartment comprises the side;3 wall, a substantially vertical wall having sides ^ 4 attached to the side wall and having the side;5 opening therein and wherein all of said closed;6 bottoms form a concave, semi-rigid disk attached;7 to the bottom of the buoyant member and bottom;edges of all of the vertical walls, said diu—■^!v r o\;^\\;f riSAPRIWtf!;-15-;209269;9 being submerged within the medium and impeding;10 the motion of the apparatus with respect to the;11 medium, thereby decreasing the heave and pitch to;12 which the buoyant member is subject due to;13 movement of the medium.;1 Claim 4. An apparatus as(claim 1 ^further;2 comprising a payload and decoupling means;3 attached to the underside of the buoyant member;4 and supporting the payload below the buoyant;5 member such that motion of the payload within a;6 given range is decoupled from the member and;7 motion cf the member within a given range is;8 decoupled from the payload.;1 Claim 5. An apparatus as in claim 4 >;2 wherein the payload includes a housing and said;3 decoupling means is a flexible member;4 interconnecting the housing and the buoyant;5 member.;1 Claim 6. An apparatus as in claim 5f;2 further comprising:;3 a. a collar extending from the housing;4 and surrounding the flexible member;;""1;-16- ■ \ 1 5 APR 1987n?ij;V /;X'. ^ -V"';A;209269;©;r>.;5 b. a rigid portion supported by the;6 underside of the buoyant first member,;7 said flexible memberfcon$ected to said;8 rigid portion;;9 c. a bumper supported by said rigid;10 portion and engaging the collar when the;11 pivotal movement of the housing with;12 respect to the rigid portion is greater;13 than a predetermined angle within the;14 given range.;1 Claim 7. An apparatus as in claim 6>;2 wherein said bumper is a microphonics bumper and;3 the predetermined angle is approximately 10°.;1 Claim 8. An apparatus as in claim 7?;2 wherein said housing includes a chamber within;3 which said buoyant member is stored when the;4 apparatus is in an undeployed state, said chamber;5 being flooded after the apparatus is deployed in;6 the fluid medium.;1 Claim 9. An apparatus as in claim 8,;2 wherein the buoyant member is a flotation bag >2^ 3 having straps connected to the inside walls of;4 the bag and the center of the bottom o1L_±Jbe__bagj;5 pulling the center of the bottom of the bag _;6 inward, forming the concave shape. °h;-17-;!;S:;I;;0 2"9369;1 Claim 10. An apparatus as in claim 9>;2 further comprising an antenna supported by said;3 buoyant member, first means fox generating an;4 r.f. signal included in said payload and means;5 interconnecting said antenna and said first means.;1 Claim 11. An apparatus as in claim 1,;2 wherein said lower portion of said first buoyant;3 member is inwardly arched to form a concave shape.;I Claim 12. An apparatus as in claim 1: O a. further including an antenna;;3 b. wherein said buoyant first member;4 comprises a flotation bag with a concave;5 bottom formed by pulling in the center of;6 the bottom of the bag with straps secured;7 to the inside walls of the bag, said bag;8 supporting said antenna;;9 c. further including a semi-rigid damper;10 skirt extending around the base of the;II bag, which is submerged when the apparatus;12 is floating in the fluid medium;;13 d. wherein said ribbon fence comprises a;14 plurality of compartments each with an;15 opening above the fluid level, and an;16 opening below the fluid l_£\Lelwhen the;17 " f;2*9269 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 1 allowing the fluid to flow in and out of the compartments; e. said damper skirt for impeding the heaving and pitching motion of the flotation bag, said compartments supporting the damper skirt in a substantially horizontal position; f. further including a payload including first means for generating an r.f. signal; and g. further including a longitudinal, cylindrical housing for supporting a payload, said housing having a floodable chamber, said housing being connected to a rigid portion of the flotation bag by a flexible cable surrounded by said chamber, enabling the housing to swing.
Claim 13. The buoy of claim 12 wherein said bag supports said antenna above the surface of the fluid medium such that the surface of the fluid medium functiors as a ground plane with respect to the antenna when the antenna is radiating due to r.f. excitations from the first means. ™ 15 APR 19873) A 19 209269 1
Claim 14. An apparatus as claimed in 2 claim 1>substantially as herein described with 3 reference to the accompanying drawings. 1
Claim 15. A communications buoy in 2 accordance with claim 12,substantially as herein 5 described with reference to the accompanying 4 drawings. HAZELTINE CORPORATION BY Their Attorneys
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US56176583A | 1983-12-15 | 1983-12-15 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NZ209269A true NZ209269A (en) | 1987-06-30 |
Family
ID=24243359
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NZ209269A NZ209269A (en) | 1983-12-15 | 1984-08-17 | Stabilised buoy for supporting radio antenna in ocean |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0145148B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0645355B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU565744B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1219363A (en) |
NO (1) | NO167192C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ209269A (en) |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2917755A (en) * | 1957-10-01 | 1959-12-22 | Peck Ralph | Floating lantern support |
GB1072883A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1967-06-21 | Burndept Electronics Ltd | Radio rescue beacon |
JPS445130Y1 (en) * | 1965-12-30 | 1969-02-25 | ||
US3377615A (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1968-04-09 | Sparton Corp | Compliant suspension system |
FR2404413A1 (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1979-04-27 | Seban Norbert | Inflatable mattresses etc. with internal and external ties - for modular assembly of pneumatic panels of controlled depth |
JPS59863Y2 (en) * | 1978-08-31 | 1984-01-11 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | underwater anchor |
US4383831A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1983-05-17 | Raytheon Company | Stabilized suspension system |
-
1984
- 1984-08-10 AU AU31823/84A patent/AU565744B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1984-08-17 NZ NZ209269A patent/NZ209269A/en unknown
- 1984-08-30 NO NO843450A patent/NO167192C/en unknown
- 1984-08-31 CA CA000462265A patent/CA1219363A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-09-21 EP EP84306473A patent/EP0145148B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-11-08 JP JP59235944A patent/JPH0645355B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU565744B2 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
EP0145148A3 (en) | 1988-10-19 |
NO167192C (en) | 1991-10-16 |
JPS60177278A (en) | 1985-09-11 |
EP0145148A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
JPH0645355B2 (en) | 1994-06-15 |
NO843450L (en) | 1985-06-17 |
EP0145148B1 (en) | 1992-03-11 |
NO167192B (en) | 1991-07-08 |
AU3182384A (en) | 1985-06-20 |
CA1219363A (en) | 1987-03-17 |
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