NZ206278A - 2-heterocyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds and pharmaceutical compositions - Google Patents
2-heterocyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds and pharmaceutical compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- NZ206278A NZ206278A NZ206278A NZ20627883A NZ206278A NZ 206278 A NZ206278 A NZ 206278A NZ 206278 A NZ206278 A NZ 206278A NZ 20627883 A NZ20627883 A NZ 20627883A NZ 206278 A NZ206278 A NZ 206278A
- Authority
- NZ
- New Zealand
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- lower alkyl
- compounds
- carboxy
- radical
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 title 1
- -1 lower alkalnoylamino Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 276
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 253
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000004043 oxo group Chemical group O=* 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 125000001476 phosphono group Chemical group [H]OP(*)(=O)O[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000004962 physiological condition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000004423 acyloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000005237 alkyleneamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000005236 alkanoylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000000369 oxido group Chemical group [*]=O 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000003356 phenylsulfanyl group Chemical group [*]SC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001462 1-pyrrolyl group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 171
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 156
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 129
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 69
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 63
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 61
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 58
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 38
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 26
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 19
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 18
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 17
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 14
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCN1 MNFORVFSTILPAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 10
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 10
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000005103 alkyl silyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 7
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical class P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 7
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000007327 hydrogenolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 7
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000003638 stannyl group Chemical group [H][Sn]([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004523 tetrazol-1-yl group Chemical group N1(N=NN=C1)* 0.000 description 7
- OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=N1 OISVCGZHLKNMSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glyoxylic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003754 ethoxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC)* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- WURFKUQACINBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M ozonide Chemical compound [O]O[O-] WURFKUQACINBSI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium carbonate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000003626 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl group Chemical group [*]N1N=C([H])N=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000193996 Streptococcus pyogenes Species 0.000 description 4
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000003668 acetyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(=O)O[*] 0.000 description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001584 benzyloxycarbonyl group Chemical group C(=O)(OCC1=CC=CC=C1)* 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl formate Chemical compound CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethyl ester of formic acid Natural products O=COCC1=CC=CC=C1 UYWQUFXKFGHYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCC(Cl)=O RZWZRACFZGVKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 KOUKXHPPRFNWPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002112 pyrrolidino group Chemical group [*]N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010517 secondary reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OLRJXMHANKMLTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl Chemical class [SiH3] OLRJXMHANKMLTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- LHIQKOJFPKVRSX-PKKHVXKMSA-M sodium (5R,6S)-6-hydroxy-5-methyl-7-oxo-3-[4-(tetrazol-1-yl)butyl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound N1(N=NN=C1)CCCCC=1S[C@]2(N(C=1C(=O)[O-])C([C@@H]2O)=O)C.[Na+] LHIQKOJFPKVRSX-PKKHVXKMSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004289 sodium hydrogen sulphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FFDDTLTWGMXRNK-XEDRIYAZSA-M sodium;(5r,6s)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-7-oxo-3-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].S([C@@H]1[C@H](C(N1C=1C([O-])=O)=O)CO)C=1CCN1C=NN=N1 FFDDTLTWGMXRNK-XEDRIYAZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sym-collidine Natural products CC1=CN=C(C)C(C)=C1 GFYHSKONPJXCDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracyanoethylene Chemical group N#CC(C#N)=C(C#N)C#N NLDYACGHTUPAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC QSUJAUYJBJRLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007944 thiolates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L thiosulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S([S-])(=O)=O DHCDFWKWKRSZHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylstannane Chemical compound CCCC[SnH](CCCC)CCCC DBGVGMSCBYYSLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVFOMCVHYWHZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl PVFOMCVHYWHZJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl orthoformate Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)OCC GKASDNZWUGIAMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 238000002211 ultraviolet spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D499/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C233/45—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/46—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C233/47—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C265/00—Derivatives of isocyanic acid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D205/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
- C07D205/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D205/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 2, e.g. beta-lactams
- C07D205/09—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with one oxygen atom directly attached in position 2, e.g. beta-lactams with a sulfur atom directly attached in position 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D499/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. penicillins, penems; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring
- C07D499/88—Compounds with a double bond between positions 2 and 3 and a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. an ester or nitrile radical, directly attached in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
- C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
- C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07F9/568—Four-membered rings
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
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Abstract
1. Claims (for the Contracting States : BE, CH, LI, DE, FR, GB, IT, LU, NL, SE) 2-heterocyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds of the formula see diagramm : EP0110826,P37,F1 in which R1 represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents hydroxy or protected hydroxy, R3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy R'3 , especially esterified carboxy R'3 that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, R4 represents a monocyclic, optionally partially saturated 5-membered heteroaryl radical that has from 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms and is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(CH2 )m - or a corresponding partially saturated 6-membered heteroaryl radical having from 1 to 3 ring nitrogen atoms, these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halogen, mercapto, lower alkylthio, phenylthio, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkyleneamino, lower alkalnoylamino, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally N-mono- or N,N-di-lower alkylated carbamoyl, cyano, sulpho, sulphamoyl, phenyl that is optionally substituted by lower alkyl, nitro, lower alkoxy and/or by halogen, cycloalkyl, nitro, oxo and/or oxido, the radicals designated "lower" containing up to 7 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer from 1 to 4, salts of compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers. 1. Claims (for the Contracting State AT) Process for the manufacture of compounds of the formula see diagramm : EP0110826,P40,F1 in which R1 represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents hydroxy or protected hydroxy, R3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy R'3 , especially esterified carboxy R'3 that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, R4 represents a mono-cyclic, optionally partially saturated 5-membered heteroaryl radical that has from 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms and is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(CH2 )m - or a corresponding partially saturated 6-membered heteroaryl radical having from 1 to 3 ring nitrogen atoms, these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halogen, mercapto, lower alkylthio, phenylthio, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkyleneamino, lower alkanoylamino, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally N-mono- or N,N-di-lower alkylated carbamoyl, cyano, sulpho, sulphamoyl, phenyl that is optionally substituted by lower alkyl, nitro, lower alkoxy and/or by halogen, cycloalkyl, nitro, oxo and/or oxido, the radicals designated "lower" containing up to 7 carbon atoms, and m represents an integer form 1 to 4, their salts, their optical isomers and mixtures of their optical isomers, characterised in that a) an ylide compound of the formula see diagramm : EP0110826,P40,F2 in which R1 , R2 , R'3 , R4 and m have the meanings given under formula I, a hydroxy group R2 and any functional groups which may additionally be present in the radical R4 preferably being in protected form, Z represents oxygen or sulphur and X (anion) represents either a trisubstituted phosphonio group or a diesterified phosphono group together with a cation, is cyclised, or b) a compound of the formula see diagramm : EP0110826,P40,F3 in which R1 , R2 , R'3 , R4 and m have the meanings given under formula I, a hydroxy group R2 and any functional groups which may additionally be present in the radical R4 preferably being in protected form, is treated with an organic compound of trivalent phosphorus, or c) a compound of the formula see diagramm : EP0110826,P40,F4 in which R1 , R2 , R'3 and m have the meanings given above, and Q represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group, is reacted with an agent that introduces the azaheterocyclyl radical R4 , and, if desired or necessary, in a resulting compound of the formula I a protected hydroxy group R2 is converted into a free hydroxy group, and/or, if desired, in a resulting compound of the formula I a protected carboxy group R'3 is converted into the free carboxy group R'3 , and/or, if desired, other protected functional groups present in the radical R4 are converted into the free functional groups, and/or, if desired, a resulting compound of the formula I a radical R4 is converted into a different radical R4 , and/or, if desired, a resulting compound having a salt-forming group is converted into a salt, or a resulting salt is converted into the free compound or into a different salt, and/or, if desired, a resulting mixture of isomeric compounds is separated into the individual isomers.
Description
<div class="application article clearfix" id="description">
<p class="printTableText" lang="en">New Zealand Paient Spedficaiion for Paient Number £06278 <br><br>
Priority Date(s): t*P.: J J. '.S?. <br><br>
Complete Specification Filed: 1-5. .U Class: C.QZOA&.9. >.. A & I 1^3.. <br><br>
£9mm' <br><br>
Publication Date: <br><br>
P.O. Journal, No: I <br><br>
m s <br><br>
206278 <br><br>
' <br><br>
It* ^ fVOi^/9gj <br><br>
#■// <br><br>
' ' V O •r'^" <br><br>
Patents Form No. 5 <br><br>
NEW ZEALAND PATENTS ACT 1953 <br><br>
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION <br><br>
"6-hydroxy-lower alkylpenem compounds, processes for their manufacture, pharmaceutical preparations that contain these compounds, and the use of the latter" <br><br>
WE, CIBA-GEIGY AG, a Swiss Corporation of Klybeckstrasse 141, 4002 Basle, Switzerland, <br><br>
hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement <br><br>
-1- <br><br>
(follcwsd {-y pa«e I <br><br>
10r <br><br>
4-14189/+ <br><br>
6-hydroxy-lower alkylpenem compounds, processes for their manufacture, pharmaceutical preparations that contain these compounds, and the use of the latter <br><br>
The present invention relates to novel 6-hydroxy-lower alkylpenem compounds, to processes for their manufacture, to pharmaceutical preparations that contain such compounds, and to their use for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations or as pharmacologically active compounds. <br><br>
The invention relates especially to 2-hetero-cyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds of the formula <br><br>
(I) <br><br>
R. <br><br>
'3 <br><br>
in which <br><br>
R1 represents hydrogen or methyl <br><br>
- 2 - <br><br>
o, <br><br>
a- , <br><br>
R2 represents an optionally protected hydroxy group, <br><br>
R3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy <br><br>
V' <br><br>
R4 represents an unsaturated monocyclic aza-heterocyclyl radical that is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(CH2)m-, and m is an integer from 1 to 4, <br><br>
and to salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, to optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers, to processes for the manufacture of compounds of the formula I, to pharmaceutical preparations containing such compounds, and to their use for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations or as pharmacologically active compounds. <br><br>
Within the scope of the present description, the definitions used hereinbefore and hereinafter have preferably the following meanings: <br><br>
An unsaturated monocyclic azaheterocyclyl radical R4 that is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical is especially a corres ponding optionally partially saturated 5-membered heteroaryl radical having from 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms, such as a corresponding aza-, diaza-, triaza- or tetraza-cyclic radical of aromatic character, or a corresponding dihydro radical, or a corresponding partially saturated 6-membered heteroaryl radical having from 1 to 3 ring nitrogen atoms, such as a corresponding aza-, diaza- or triaza-cyclic radical, for example a corresponding dihydro or tetrahydro radical. These radicals are unsubstituted or may be substituted, such as mono- or poly-substituted, such as, especially, disubstituted, by optionally etherified <br><br>
or esterified, including protected, hydroxy, for example hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy or halogen, optionally etherified mercapto, for example mercapto, lower alkylthio or phenylthio, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, optionally N-lower alkylated amino-lower alkyl, for example amino-lower alkyl or di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, optionally substituted, including protected, amino, for example amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkyleneamino or acylamino, such as lower alkanoylamino, optionally functionally modified, including protected, carboxy or sulpho, for example carboxy, esterified carboxy, such as lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally substituted carbamoyl, such as N-mono- or N,N-di-lower alkylated carbamoyl, cyano, sulpho or sulphamoyl, phenyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, nitro, lower alkoxy and/or by halogen, cycloalkyl, nitro, oxo and/or oxido. <br><br>
In the present description, the term "lower" used in connection with definitions of groups or compounds denotes that, unless expressly defined otherwise, the groups and compounds so designated contain up to and including 7, preferably up to and including 4, carbon atoms. <br><br>
Lower alkoxy is, for example, methoxy, also ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy or tert.-butoxy, and also n-pentyloxy, n-hexyloxy or n-heptyloxy. <br><br>
Lower alkanoyloxy is, for example, acetoxy or propionyloxy. <br><br>
Halogen is, for example, fluorine, chlorine, <br><br>
bromine or iodine. <br><br>
Lower alkylthio is, for example, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio or n-butylthio. <br><br>
7 0 <br><br>
'j- '-..j' <br><br>
- 4 - <br><br>
Lower alkyl is, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec.-butyl or tert.-butyl, and also n-pentyl, n-hexyl or n-heptyl. <br><br>
Hydroxy-lower alkyl is, for example, hydroxy-methyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2,3-dihydroxypropyl. <br><br>
Lower alkoxy-lower alkyl is, for example, methoxy methyl, 2-methoxyethyl, ethoxymethyl or 2-ethoxyethyl. <br><br>
Carboxy-lower alkyl is, for example, carboxy-methyl, 1-carboxy-, 2-carboxy- or 1,2-dicarboxy-ethyl. <br><br>
Amino-lower alkyl is, for example, aminomethyl or 2-aminoethyl, whilst di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl is, for example, dimethylaminomethyl, 2-dimethylamino-ethyl or 2-diethylaminoethyl. <br><br>
Sulpho-lower alkyl is, for example, sulphomethyl or 2-sulphoethyl. <br><br>
Lower alkylamino is, for example, methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, isopropylamino or n-butyl-amino, whilst di-lower alkylamino is, for example, dimethylamino, diethylamino, di-n-propylamino or diisopropylamino. <br><br>
Lower alkyleneamino has especially from 4 to 6 carbon chain members and represents, for example, pyrrolidino or piperidino. <br><br>
Lower alkanoylamino is, for example, acetylamino or propionylamino. <br><br>
Lower alkoxycarbonyl is, for example, methoxy-carbonyl or ethoxycarbonyl. <br><br>
N-mono-lower alkylated carbamoyl is, for example, N-methyl-> N-ethvl- or N-propyl-carbamoyl, whilst N,N-di-lower alkylated carbamoyl represents, for example, N,N-dimethyl- or N,N-diethyl-carbamoyl. <br><br>
Cycloalkyl contains preferably from 3 to 8, especially 5 or 6, ring members and is, for example, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, and also cyclopropyl and cycloheptyl. <br><br>
Corresponding 5-membered optionally partially saturated heteroaryl radicals R^ are, for example, pyrrolyl or dihydropyrrolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl or halogen, for example 1-pyrrolyl, 3-methyl-1-pyrrolyl, 3,4-dichloro-1-pyrrolyl, and also 2,3- or 2,5-dihydro-1-pyrrolyl, diazolyl, such as imidazolyl or pyrazolyl, optionally substituted by lower alkyl, for example 1-imidazolyl or 1-pyrazolyl, triazolyl, such as 1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 2H 1,2,3-triazol-2-yl, 1H — 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl or 1H-1,3,4-triazol-1-yl, optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl or by phenyl, for example the corresponding unsubstituted radicals and 4- or 5-methyl 1, 2, 3-triazol-1-yl, 3-methyl- or 3-phenyl-1H—1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, or tetrazolyl, such as lH-tetrazol-1-yl or 2H-tetrazol-2-yl, optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, amino or by phenyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, for example the corresponding unsubstituted radicals and 5-amino-, 5-methyl-, 5-carboxymethyl-, 5-(2-carboxyethyl)-, 5-sulphomethyl-, 5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl) - or 5-phenyl-lH-tetrazol-1-yl, or 5-amino-, 5-methyl-, 5-carboxy-methyl-, 5-sulphomethyl-, 5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)- or 5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl. <br><br>
Corresponding 6-membered partially saturated heteroaryl radicals R^ are, for example, dihydro-1-pyridyl, such as 2H-1,2-dihydro- or 4H-1,4-dihydro-1-pyridyl, that is unsubstituted or substituted especially by oxo and, optionally, additionally by halogen, for example 2-oxo-2H-1,2-dihydro-1-pyridyl or 4-oxo-4H-1 , 4-dihydro-1-pyr idyl, dihydro-1-pyr imidinyl, such as 2H-1 , 2-dihydro- or 4H-1 , 4-dihydro-1-pyr imid inyl, that is optionally substituted especially by oxo and, optionally, additionally by lower alkyl, amino, di- <br><br>
lower alkylamino or by carboxy, for example 2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1-pyrimidinyl, 6-methyl-, 5-methyl-, 6-amino-, 6-dimethylamino-, 5-car.boxy- or 6-carboxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1-pyrimidinyl or 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1-pyrimidinyl, or dihydro- or tetrahydro-triazinyl, for example 2H-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazin-1-yl, 2H-1,2-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-1-yl, 2H-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4 triazin-1-yl or 4H-1/4,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-1-yl, that is optionally substituted by lower alkyl and/or up to two oxo groups, for example 4-lower alkyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-1-yl, for example 4-methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,6-dioxo-1,2,4-triazin-1-yl. <br><br>
The functional groups present in compounds of the formula I, such as hydroxy, carboxy, amino or sulpho groups, especially the hydroxy group R2 and the carboxy group R3, are optionally protected by protecting groups used in penem, penicillin, cephalosporin and peptide chemistry. <br><br>
Such protecting groups can be removed readily, <br><br>
that is to say without undesirable secondary reactions taking place, for example by solvolysis or reduction, or alternatively under physiological conditions. <br><br>
Protecting groups of this type and the methods by which they are introduced and removed are described, for example, in <br><br>
J.F.W. McOmie, "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", Plenum Press, London, New York, 1973; T.W. Greene, "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", Wiley, New York, 1981; <br><br>
"The Peptides", Vol. I, Schroeder and Luebke, Academic Press, London, New York, 1965, and in Houben-Weyl, "Methoden der Organischen Chemie", Vol. 15/1, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974. <br><br>
- 0 62 78 <br><br>
In compounds of the formula (I), a hydroxy group R2 and also a hydroxy group present in the radical R4 may be protected, for example, by acyl radicals. Suitable acyl radicals are, for example, lower alkanoyl optionally substituted by halogen, for example acetyl or trifluoroacetyl, benzoyl optionally substituted by nitro, for example benzoyl, 4-nitrobenzoyl or 2,4-dinitrobenzoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl optionally substituted by halogen, for example 2-bromoethoxy-carbonyl or 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, or phenyl-lower alkoxycarbonyl optionally substituted by nitro, for example 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl. Further suitable hydroxy-protecting groups are, for example, trisub-stituted silyl, such as tri-lower alkylsilyl, for example trimethylsilyl or tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyl, 2-halo-lower alkyl groups, for example 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2-iodo- and 2,2,2-trichloro-ethyl, and phenyl-lower alkyl optionally substituted by halogen, for example chlorine, lower alkoxy, for example methoxy, and/or by nitro, such as corresponding benzyl. Tri-lower alkylsilyl is preferred as hydroxy-protecting group. <br><br>
A carboxy group R3 and also a carboxy group present in the radical R4 is customarily protected in esterified form, the ester group being readily cleav-able under mild conditions, for example under mildly reductive, such as hydrogenolytic, conditions, or under mildly solvolytic, such as acidolytic, or especially basic or neutral hydrolytic, conditions. A protected carboxy group can also be an esterified carboxy group that can be cleaved under physiological conditions or readily converted into a different functionally modified carboxy group, such as into a different esterified carboxy group. <br><br>
- 8 - <br><br>
062 78 <br><br>
Such esterified carboxy groups contain as esterifying groups especially lower alkyl groups that are branched in the 1-position or suitably substituted in the 1- or 2-position. Preferred carboxy groups in esterified form are, inter alia, lower alkoxycarbonyl, for example methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, iso-propoxycarbonyl or tert.-butoxycarbonyl, and (hetero)arylmethoxycarbonyl having from 1 to 3 aryl radicals or having a monocyclic heteroaryl radical, these optionally being mono- or poly-substituted, for example by lower alkyl, such as tert.-lower alkyl, for example tert.-butyl, halogen, for example chlorine, and/or by nitro. Examples of such groups are benzyloxycarbonyl optionally substituted, for example, as mentioned above, for example 4-nitrobenzyloxy-carbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl or triphenylmethoxy-carbonyl optionally substituted, for example, as mentioned above, for example diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, or picolyloxycarbonyl, for example 4-picolyloxy-carbonyl, or furfuryloxycarbonyl, such as 2-furfuryl-oxycarbonyl, optionally substituted, for example, as mentioned above. Further suitable groups are lower alkanoylmethoxycarbonyl, such as acetonyloxycarbonyl, aroylmethoxycarbonyl, in which the aroyl group preferably represents benzoyl optionally substituted, for example, by halogen, such as bromine, for example phenacyloxycarbonyl, halo-lower alkoxycarbonyl, such as 2-halo-lower alkoxycarbonyl, for example 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-chloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-bromoethoxycarbonyl or 2-iodoethoxycarbonyl, or w-halo-lower alkoxycarbonyl in which lower alkoxy contains from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, for example 4-chlorobutoxy-carbonyl, phthalimidomethoxycarbonyl, lower alkenyloxy-carbonyl, for example allyloxycarbonyl, or ethoxycarbonyl substituted in the 2-position by lower alkyl- <br><br>
206278 <br><br>
sulphonyl, cyano or by trisubstituted silyl, such as tri-lower alkylsilyl or triphenylsilyl, for example 2-methylsulphonylethoxycarbonyl, 2-cyanoethoxycarbonyl, 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl or 2-(di-n-butyl-methyl-silyl)-ethoxycarbonyl. <br><br>
Other protected carboxy groups in estsrified form are corresponding organic silyloxycarbonyl groups, and also corresponding organic stannyloxycarbonyl groups. In these groups the silicon or tin atom preferably has lower alkyl, especially methyl or ethyl, and also lower alkoxy, for example methoxy, as substituents. Suitable silyl and stannyl groups are especially tri-lower alkylsilyl, especially trimethylsilyl or dimethyl-tert.-butyl-silyl, or correspondingly substituted stannyl groups, for example tri-n-butylstannyl. <br><br>
An esterified carboxy group that can be cleaved under physiological conditions is especially an acyloxymethoxycarbonyl group in which acyl represents, for example, the radical of an organic carboxylic acid, especially of an optionally substituted lower alkanecarboxylic acid, or in which acyloxymethyl forms the radical of a lactone, 1-lower alkoxy-lower alkoxycarbonyl or alternatively 1-lower alkoxycarbonyloxy-lower alkoxycarbonyl in which lower alkyl represents, for example, methyl, propyl, butyl or especially ethyl, and lower alkoxy represents, for example, methoxy, <br><br>
ethoxy, propoxy or butoxy. Such groups are, for example, lower alkanoyloxymethoxycarbonyl, for example acetoxymethoxycarbonyl or pivaloyloxymethoxycarbonyl, amino-lower alkanoyloxymethoxycarbonyl, especially a-amino-lower alkanoyloxymethoxycarbonyl, for example glycyloxymethoxycarbonyl, ^-valyloxymethoxycarbonyl, L-leucyloxymethoxycarbonyl, phthalidyloxycarbonyl, 4-crotonolactonyl or 4-butyrolactonyl, indanyloxy-carbonyl, for example 5-indanyloxycarbonyl, 1-ethoxy- <br><br>
carbonyloxyethoxycarbonyl, iriethoxymethoxycarbonyl or 1-methoxyethoxycarbonyl. <br><br>
Preferred protected carboxy groups R31 are the 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl and lower alkenyloxycarbonyl groups and the ethoxycarbonyl group substituted in the 2-position by lower alkylsulphonyl, cyano or tri-lower alkylsilyl, and esterified carboxy groups that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, such as lower alkanoyloxymethoxycarbonyl and 1-lower alkoxycarbonyl-oxy-lower alkoxycarbonyl. <br><br>
A protected amino group can be, for example, in the form of a readily cleavable acylamino, acylimino, etherified mercaptoamino, silylamino or stannylamino group or in the form of an enamino, nitro or azido group. <br><br>
In a corresponding acylamino group, acyl is, for example, the acyl radical of an organic acid having, for example, up to 18 carbon atoms, especially an alkanecarboxylic acid optionally substituted, for example, by halogen or phenyl, or a benzoic acid optionally substituted, for example, by halogen, lower alkoxy or nitro, or of a carbonic acid semiester. Such acyl groups are, for example, lower alkanoyl, such as formyl, acetyl or propionyl, halo-lower alkanoyl, such as 2-haloacetyl, especially 2-fluoro-, 2-bromo-, <br><br>
2-iodo-, 2,2,2-trifluoro- or 2,2,2-trichloro-acetyl, optionally substituted benzoyl, for example benzoyl, halobenzoyl, such as 4-chlorobenzoyl, lower alkoxy-benzoyl, such as 4-methoxybenzoyl, or nitrobenzoyl, <br><br>
such as 4-nitrobenzoyl. Especially suitable are also lower alkenyloxycarbonyl, for example allyloxycarbonyl, or lower alkoxycarbonyl optionally substituted in the 1- or 2-position, such as lower alkoxycarbonyl, for example methoxy- or ethoxy-carbonyl, optionally substituted benzyloxycarbonyl, for example benzyloxy- <br><br>
carbonyl or 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, aroylmethoxy-carbonyl in which the aroyl group preferably represents benzoyl optionally substituted, for example, by halogen, such as bromine, for example phenacyloxy-carbonyl, 2-halo-lower alkoxycarbonyl, for example 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-chloroethoxycarbonyl, 2-bromoethoxycarbonyl or 2-iodoethoxycarbonyl, or 2-(trisubstituted silyl)-ethoxycarbonyl, such as 2-tri-lower alkylsilylethoxycarbonyl, for example 2-trimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl or 2-(di-n-butyl-methyl-silyl)-ethoxycarbonyl, or 2-triarylsilylethoxycarbonyl, such as 2-triphenylsilylethoxycarbonyl. <br><br>
In an acylimino group, acyl is, for example, the acyl radical of an organic dicarboxylic acid having, for example, up to 12 carbon atoms, especially a corresponding aromatic dicarboxylic acid, such as phthalic acid. Such a group is especially phthalimino. <br><br>
An etherified mercaptoamino group is especially a phenylthioamino group optionally substituted by lower alkyl, such as methyl or tert.-butyl, lower alkoxy, <br><br>
such as methoxy, halogen, such as chlorine or bromine, and/or by nitro, or a pyridylthioamino group. Corresponding groups are, for example, 2- or 4-nitrophenyl-thioamino or 2-pyridylthioamino. <br><br>
A silyl- or stannyl-amino group is especially an organic silyl- or stannyl-amino group in which the silicon or tin atom preferably has substituent (s) selected from lower alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-butyl or tert.-butyl, also lower alkoxy, for example methoxy. Corresponding silyl or stannyl groups are especially tri-lower alkylsilyl, especially trimethylsilyl, also dimethyl-tert.-butyl-silyl, or correspondingly substituted stannyl, for example tri-n-butylstannyl. <br><br>
Further protected amino groups are, for example, <br><br>
enamino groups that contain an electron-attracting substituent, for example a carbonyl group, at the double bond in the 2-position. Protecting groups of this type are, for example, 1-acyl-lower alk-1-en-2-yl radicals in which acyl represents, for example, the corresponding radical of a lower alkanecarboxylic acid, for example acetic acid, a benzoic acid optionally substituted, for example, by lower alkyl, such as methyl or tert.-butyl, lower alkoxy, such as methoxy, halogen, such as chlorine, and/or by nitro, or especially of a carbonic acid semiester, such as a carbonic acid-lower alkyl semiester, for example a carbonic acid methyl semiester or ethyl semiester, and in which lower alk-1-ene represents especially 1-propene. Corresponding protecting groups are especially 1-lower alkanoylprop-1-en-2-yl, for example 1-acetylprop-1-en-2-yl, or 1-lower alkoxycarbonylprop-1-en-2-yl, for example 1-ethoxycarbonylprop-1-en-2-yl. <br><br>
A protected sulpho group is especially an esterified sulpho group, such as a sulpho group esterified by an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, cycloaliphatic-aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic alcohol, for example a lower alkanol, or by a silyl or stannyl radical, such as tri-lower alkylsilyl. In a sulpho group the hydroxy group may be etherified, for example in the same manner as the hydroxy group in an esterified carboxy group. <br><br>
Salts of compounds according to the invention are especially pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts of compounds of the formula I. Such salts are formed, for example, from the acidic groups present in compounds of the formula I, for example carboxy and sulpho groups, and are especially metal or ammonium salts, such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium salts, and ammonium salts with ammonia or <br><br>
2062 7 <br><br>
suitable organic amines, such as lower alkylaraines, for example triethylaraine, hydroxy-lower alkylamines, for example 2-hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amine, basic aliphatic esters of carboxylic acids, for example 4-aminobenzoic acid 2-diethylaminoethyl esters, lower alkyleneamines, for example 1-ethylpiperidine, cycloalkylamines, for example dicyclohexylamine, or benzylamines, for example N,N1-dibenzylethylenediamine, dibenzylamine or N-benzyl-&-phenethylamine. Compounds of the formula I having a basic group, for example having an amino group, can form acid addition salts, for example with inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or phosphoric acid, or with suitable organic carboxylic or sulphonic acids, for example acetic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, methanesulphonic acid or 4-toluenesulphonic acid. Compounds of the formula I having an acidic group and a basic group can also be in the form of internal salts, that is to say in zwitterionic form. <br><br>
For the purposes of isolation or purification it is also possible to use pharmaceutical^ unacceptable salts. Only the pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic salts are used therapeutically, however, and these are therefore preferred. <br><br>
In the penem compounds of the formula I, the two asymmetric carbon atoms in the 5- and 6-positions are in the R-, the S- or the racemic R,S_-conf igur ation. The compounds in which the configuration of the 5-carbon atom corresponds to that of natural penicillin (5R-configuration) are preferred. The hydrogen atoms in 5- and 6-positions can be in the cis- or, <br><br>
preferably, in the trans-position with respect to one <br><br>
/ <br><br>
- 14 - <br><br>
'U >h J <br><br>
another. In the preferred configuration the substituent in the 6-position assumes the ^-configuration. <br><br>
Compounds of the formula I in which is methyl have a further chirality centre (carbon atom 8) which can be in the S-configuration, the racemic Reconfiguration or, preferably, the R-configuration. <br><br>
The invention relates especially to compounds of the formula I in which represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents hydroxy or protected hydroxy, r3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy R31, especially esterified carboxy that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, R^ represents a monocyclic, optionally partially saturated 5-membered heteroaryl radical that has from 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms and is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical ~(CH2)ra~, such as a corresponding aza-, <br><br>
diaza-, triaza- or tetraza-cyclic radical of aromatic character, or a corresponding dihydro radical, or a corresponding partially saturated 6-membered heteroaryl radical having from 1 to 3 ring nitrogen atoms, such as a corresponding aza-, diaza- or triaza-cyclic radical, for example a corresponding dihydro or tetra-hydro radical, these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halogen, mercapto, lower alkylthio, phenylthio, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, amino, <br><br>
lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkylene-amino, lower alkanoylamino, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally N-mono- or N,N-di-lower alkylated carbamoyl, cyano, sulpho or sulphamoyl, phenyl that is optionally substituted by lower alkyl, nitro, lower alkoxy and/or by halogen, cycloalkyl, nitro, oxo and/or oxido, and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and to salts <br><br>
- 15 - <br><br>
^ 0 6 y ^ <br><br>
of compounds of the formula I that have a salt-formiTtg'/ O group, and to optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers. <br><br>
In preferred compounds of the formula I, <br><br>
represents 1-pyrrolyl or dihydro-1-pyrrolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl or halogen, 1-imidazolyl or 1-pyrazolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- or 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl or phenyl, 1- or 2-tetrazolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl or amino, dihydro-1-pyridyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo and, optionally, additionally by halogen, dihydro-1-pyrimidinyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo and, optionally, additionally by lower alkyl, <br><br>
amino, di-lower alkylamino or carboxy, or dihydro- or tetrahydro-1-triazinyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl and/or oxo. <br><br>
The invention relates especially to compounds of the formula I in which represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents hydroxy, represents carboxy, lower alkanoyloxymethoxycarbonyl or 1-lower alkoxycarbonyloxy-lower alkoxycarbonyl, R^ represents iH-tetrazol-1-yl or 2H-tetrazol-2-yl optionally substituted by amino, lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl or di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl or phenyl, and m represents an integer from 1 to 4, and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group and to optical isomers, for example the (5R, 6S_)-isomer, of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers. <br><br>
The invention relates more especially to <br><br>
(51*, 6 S_)-configured compounds of the formula I in which R.| represents hydrogen, R2 represents hydroxy, R3 represents carboxy, R4 represents lH-tetrazol-1-yl or 1H — 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, and in represents an integer from 1 to 4, and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of the formula I. <br><br>
The invention relates above all to the compounds of the formula I mentioned in the Examples and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. <br><br>
The compounds of the present invention are manufactured by processes known per se. <br><br>
The novel compounds are manufactured, for example, as follows: <br><br>
a) an ylide compound of the formula <br><br>
R, <br><br>
.1 H H R2-OH.w! ^S"C"<CH2 'm"R4 <br><br>
X Vc ©.^ <br><br>
L <br><br>
{id , <br><br>
in which R^, R2, R31/ R4 and m have the meanings given under formula I, a hydroxy group R2 and any functional groups which may additionally be present in the radical R4 preferably being in protected form, Z represents oxygen or sulphur and repre sents either a trisubstituted phosphonio group or a diesterified phosphono group together with a cation, is <br><br>
cyclised, or b) a compound of the formula <br><br>
H H <br><br>
C-(CH2 )m-R4 <br><br>
.N <br><br>
V \ <br><br>
(III) , <br><br>
c=o <br><br>
R3' <br><br>
in which R^, R2, ^3'^ R4 an(3 m have the meanings given under formula I, a hydroxy group R2 and any functional groups which may additionally be present in the radical R4 preferably being in protected form, is treated with an organic compound of trivalent phosphorus, or c) a compound of the formula <br><br>
- 18 - <br><br>
062 7 <br><br>
in which , R2, R3 1 and m have the meanings given above, and Q represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group, is reacted with an agent that introduces the azaheterocyclyl radical R4, <br><br>
and, if desired or necessary, in a resulting compound of the formula I a protected hydroxy group R2 is converted into a free hydroxy group, and/or, if desired, in a resulting compound of the formula I a protected carboxy group R3' is converted into a free carboxy group or into a different protected carboxy group R3', and/or, if desired, other protected functional groups in the radical R4 are converted into the free functional groups, and/or, if desired, in a resulting compound of the formula I a radical R4 is converted into a different radical R4, and/or, if desired, a resulting compound having a salt-forming group is converted into a salt, or a resulting salt is converted into the free compound or into a different salt, and/or, if desired, a resulting mixture of isomeric compounds is separated into the individual isomers. <br><br>
a) Cyclisation of the compound of the formula II The group <br><br>
3$) <br><br>
in a starting material of the formula II is one of the phosphonio or phosphono groups customarily used in Wittig condensation reactions, especially a triaryl-, for example triphenyl- , or tri-lower alkyl, for example tri-n-butyl-phosphonio group, or a phosphono group diesterified by lower alkyl, for example ethyl, the symbol in the case of the phosphono group including in addition the cation of a strong base, especially a suitable metal ion, such as an alkali metal ion, for example a lithium, sodium or potassium ion. Preferred as the group X® is, on the <br><br>
? <br><br>
- 19 - <br><br>
Z Q* <br><br>
lV/ vwy one hand, triphenylphosphonio and, on the other hand, diethylphosphono together with an alkali metal ion, for example a sodium ion. <br><br>
The ylide compounds of the formula II are, in the isomeric ylene form, also termed phosphorane compounds. In phosphonio compounds of the formula II, the negative charge is neutralised by the positively charged phosphonio group. In phosphono compounds of the formula II, the negative charge is neutralised by the cation of a strong base, which, depending upon the method of manufacture of the phosphono starting material, may be, for example, an alkali metal ion, for example a sodium, lithium or potassium ion. The phosphono starting materials are therefore used as salts in the reaction. <br><br>
Cyclisation may take place spontaneously, that is to say in the manufacture of the starting materials, or be effected by heating, for example in a temperature range of approximately 30° to 160°C, preferably from approximately 50° to approximately 100°C. The reaction is preferably carried out in a suitable inert solvent, such as an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, for example hexane, cyclohexane, benzene or toluene, a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example methylene chloride, an ether, for example diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane or diethylene glycol-dimethyl ether, a cyclic ether, for example dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, a carboxylic acid amide, for example dimethylformamide, a di-lower alkylsulphoxide, for example dimethyl sulphoxide, or a lower alkanol, for example methanol, ethanol or tert.-butanol, or in a mixture thereof, and, if necessary, in an inert gas atmosphere, for example a nitrogen atmosphere. <br><br>
A starting compound of the formula II in which <br><br>
X© <br><br>
represents a phosphono group together with a <br><br>
- 20 - <br><br>
■T U <br><br>
J <br><br>
cation is preferably manufactured jji situ by treating a compound of the formula r <br><br>
H H <br><br>
1 <■ <br><br>
r2-ch~ <br><br>
c— ( ch2 <br><br>
Nv <br><br>
(Ha) , <br><br>
ch-x' <br><br>
I, <br><br>
in which X' represents a phosphono group, with a suitable basic reagent, such as an inorganic base, for example an alkali metal carbonate, such as sodium or potassium carbonate. <br><br>
b) Cyclisation of the compound of the formula III <br><br>
An organic compound of trivalent phosphorus is derived, for example, from phosphorous acid and is especially an ester thereof with a lower alkanol, for example methanol or ethanol, and/or an optionally substituted aromatic hydroxy compound, for example phenol or pyrocatechol, or an amide ester thereof of the formula P(ORa)2-N(R^)2 in which each of Ra and R^, independently of the other, represents lower alkyl, for example methyl, or aryl, for example phenyl. Preferred compounds of trivalent phosphorus are tri-lower alkylphosphites, for example trimethyl-phosphite or triethylphosphite. <br><br>
The reaction is preferably carried out in an inert solvent, such as an aromatic hydrocarbon, for example <br><br>
/ <br><br>
21 <br><br>
2 06 2 78' <br><br>
benzene or toluene, an ether, for example dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, or a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example methylene chloride or chloroform, at a temperature of from approximately 20° to approximately 80°C, preferably at from approximately 40° to approximately 60°C, one molar equivalent of a compound of the formula III being reacted with two molar equivalents of the phosphorus compound. Preferably, the compound of the formula III is placed in an inert solvent and the phosphorus compound, preferably dissolved in the same inert solvent, is added dropwise over a prolonged period, for example over a period of from 2 to 4 hours. <br><br>
The starting compounds of the formula III can be manufactured, for example, as follows: an azetidinone of the formula <br><br>
R <br><br>
H H <br><br>
(V) <br><br>
NH <br><br>
S <br><br>
O <br><br>
is treated with a compound of the formula R^1-COOH or, especially, with a reactive derivative thereof, such as an acid halide, for example the acid chloride, <br><br>
at a temperature of from 20° to 80°C, preferably at from 40° to 60°C, in an inert solvent, such as one of those mentioned for the reaction of compounds of the formula III to form compounds of the formula I. When using an acid halide the operation is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as a tertiary aliphatic amine, for example triethylamine, an aromatic amine, for example pyridine, or especially an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate or bicarbonate, for example potassium carbonate or calcium carbonate. <br><br>
In a preferred embodiment of the process, the starting material of the formula III is manufactured as indicated and, without being isolated from the reaction mixture, is reacted with the organic compound of trivalent phosphorus, the end products of the formula I being formed. <br><br>
c) Introduction of the azaheterocyclyl radical R^ <br><br>
In the compounds of the formula (IV), reactive esterified hydroxy Q represents, for example, hydroxy esterified by hydrohalic acids, organic sulphonic acids, such as lower alkanesulphonic acids or optionally substituted benzenesulphonic acids, lower alkanecarboxylic acids or phosphinic acids, and is especially halogen, for example chlorine, bromine or iodine, sulphonyloxy, for example methane-, benzene-, 4-toluene- or 4-bromobenzene-sulphonyloxy, lower alkanoyloxy, for example acetoxy, or phosphinoyloxy, for example dimethyl- or diphenyl-phosphinoyloxy. <br><br>
An agent that introduces the azaheterocyclyl radical R^ is especially a compound of the formula R4-H in which the ring nitrogen atom to be linked to the radical (CH2)m- carries a hydrogen atom. <br><br>
- 23 - <br><br>
The reaction is effected, for example, in the presence of a basic condensation agent, for example an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate, for example sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate or calcium carbonate, an alkali metal-lower alkoxide, for example sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium tert.-butoxide, an aromatic amine, for example pyridine or quinoline, or a tertiary aliphatic amine, such as a tri-lower alkylamine, for example triethylamine or diisopropylamine, in an inert solvent, such as a lower alkanol, for example methanol or tert.-butanol, an amide, for example dimethylformamide, or, when using a liquid amine as basic condensation agent, in excess amine, at room temperature or at elevated or reduced temperature, for example at from approximately -20° to approximately +80°C. <br><br>
It is preferable to use those starting materials of the formulae II, III and IV which result in the compounds of the formula I mentioned at the beginning as being especially preferred, especially compounds of the formulae II and III that have a 3S_, 4R-conf iguration, or of the formula IV that have a 5R,6S-configuration. <br><br>
In a resulting compound of the formula I in which one or more functional groups are protected, these groups, for example protected amino, carboxy, hydroxy and/or sulpho groups, may be freed, optionally simultaneously or in stages, in a manner known per se by means of solvolysis, especially hydrolysis, alcoholysis or acidolysis, or by means of reduction, especially hydrogenolysis or chemical reduction. <br><br>
.1 <br><br>
7 <br><br>
/:iaa\ <br><br>
24 <br><br>
7 <br><br>
8 <br><br>
In a compound of the formula I obtainable according to the invention having a protected amino group, this group may be converted into the free amino group in a manner known per se, for example, <br><br>
according to the nature of the protecting group, preferably by means of solvolysis or reduction. For example, 2-halo-lower alkoxycarbonylamino (optionally after converting a 2-bromo-lower alkoxycarbonylamino group into a 2-iodo-lower alkoxycarbonylamino group) , aroylmethoxycarbonylamino or 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl-amino can be cleaved by treatment with a suitable chemical reducing agent, such as zinc in the presence of a suitable carboxylic acid, such as aqueous acetic acid, or by catalysis with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Aroylmethoxycarbonylamino may be cleaved also by treatment with a nucleophilic, preferably salt-forming reagent, such as sodium thiophenolate, and 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonylamino may be cleaved also by treatment with an alkali metal dithionite, for example sodium dithionite. Optionally substituted benzyloxycarbonylamino may be cleaved, for example, by means of hydrogenolysis, that is to say by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a suitable hydrogenation catalyst, such as a palladium catalyst, and allyloxycarbonylamino by reaction with a palladium compound, for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium, in the presence of triphenylphosphine and treatment with a carboxylic acid, for example 2-ethylhexanoic acid, or with a salt thereof. An amino group protected by an organic silyl or stannyl group can be freed, for example, by means of hydrolysis or alcoholysis, and an amino group protected by 2-halo-lower alkanoyl, for example 2-chloroacetyl, can be freed by treatment with thiourea in the presence of a base or with a thiolate salt, such as an alkali <br><br>
metal thiolate, of thiourea and subsequent solvolysis, such as alcoholysis or hydrolysis/ of the resulting condensation product. An amino group protected by 2-substituted silylethoxycarbonyl can be converted into the free amino group by treatment with a salt of hydrofluoric acid that yields fluoride anions, such as an alkali metal fluoride, for example sodium fluoride, in the presence of a macrocyclic polyether ("Crown ether") or with a fluoride of an organic quaternary base, such as tetra-lower alkylammonium fluoride, for example tetraethylammonium fluoride. An amino group protected in the form of an azido or nitro group is converted into free amino, for example by reduction, for example by catalytic hydrogenation with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, such as platinum oxide, palladium or Raney nickel, or by treatment with zinc in the presence of an acid, such as acetic acid. An amino group protected in the form of a phthalimido group can be converted into the free amino group by reaction with hydrazine. Furthermore, an arylthioamino group can be converted into amino by treatment with a nucleophilic reagent, such as sulphurous acid. <br><br>
In a compound of the formula I obtainable according to the process in which R3 represents a protected carboxy group R31 and/or in which the radical R^ contains protected carboxy as substituent, the carboxy group can be freed in a manner known per se. Thus, tert.-lower alkoxycarbonyl, or lower alkoxycarbonyl substituted in the 2-position by a trisubstituted silyl group or in the 1-position by lower alkoxy, or optionally substituted diphenylmethoxycarbonyl can be converted into free carboxy, for example, by treatment with a carboxylic acid, such as formic acid or trifluoroacetic acid, optionally with the addition of a nucleophilic <br><br>
- 26 - <br><br>
"7 /-■; <br><br>
,V <br><br>
compound, such as phenol or anisole. Optionally substi tuted benzyloxycarbonyl can be cleaved, for example, by means of hydrogenolysis, that is to say by treatment with hydrogen in the presence of a metallic hydrogenation catalyst, such as a palladium catalyst. Furthermore, suitably substituted benzyloxycarbonyl, such as 4-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, can also be converted into free carboxy by means of chemical reduction, for example by treatment with an alkali metal dithionite, for example sodium dithionite, or with a reducing metal, for example tin, or a reducing metal salt, such as a chromium(II) salt, for example chromium(II) chloride, customarily in the presence of a hydrogen-yielding agent that together with the metal is capable of producing nascent hydrogen, such as a suitable carboxylic acid, for example a lower alkanecarboxylic acid optionally substituted, for example, by hydroxy, for example acetic acid, formic acid or glycolic acid, or an alcohol or thiol, it being preferable to add water. The removal of an allyl protecting group can be effected, for example, by reaction with a palladium compound, for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium, in the presence of triphenylphosphine and with the addition of a carboxylic acid, for example 2-ethylhexanoic acid, or a salt thereof. By treatment with a reducing metal or metal salt, as described above, it is also possible to convert 2-halo-lower alkoxycarbonyl (optionally after converting a 2-bromo-lower alkoxycarbonyl group into a corresponding 2-iodo-lower alkoxycarbonyl group) or aroylmethoxycarbonyl into free carboxy, it being possible to cleave aroylmethoxycarbonyl likewise by treatment with a nucleophilic, preferably salt-forming, reagent, such as sodium thiophenolate or sodium iodide. Substituted 2-silylethoxycarbonyl can be converted into free <br><br>
carboxy also by treatment with a salt of hydrofluoric acid that yields the fluoride anion, such as an alkali metal fluoride, for example sodium fluoride, in the presence of a macrocyclic polyether ("Crown ether") or with a fluoride of an organic quaternary base, such as tetra-lower alkylammonium fluoride, for example tetrabutylammonium fluoride. Carboxy esterified by an organic silyl or stannyl group, such as tri-lower alkylsilyl or tri-lower alkylstannyl, can be freed in customary manner by solvolysis, for example by treatment with water or an alcohol. A lower alkoxycarbonyl group substituted in the 2-position by lower alkylsulphonyl or cyano can be converted into free carboxy, for example, by treatment with a basic agent, such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate, for example sodium or potassium hydroxide or sodium or potassium carbonate. <br><br>
In compounds of the formula I obtainable according to the process in which R2 represents a protected hydroxy group and/or in which the radical R^ contains protected hydroxy as substituent, the protected hydroxy group can be converted into the free hydroxy group in a manner known per se. For example, a hydroxy group protected by a suitable acyl group or by an organic silyl or stannyl group can be freed in the same manner as a correspondingly protected amino group: for example a tri-lower alkylsilyl group, may be removed with tetrabutylammonium fluoride and acetic acid. (Under these conditions, carboxy groups protected by trisubstituted silylethoxy are not cleaved). A 2-halo-lower alkyl group and an optionally substituted benzyl group are removed by reduction. <br><br>
A protected, especially esterified, sulpho group is freed in analogous manner to a protected carboxy group. <br><br>
- 28 - <br><br>
7 >f% <br><br>
r<-r %4 <br><br>
On the other hand, also compounds of the formula I in which R3 represents carboxy can be converted into compounds of the formula I in which R3 represents a protected carboxy group, especially an esterified carboxy group. Thus, the free carboxy group can be esterified, for example, by treatment with a suitable diazo compound, such as a diazo-lower alkane, for example diazomethane, or a phenyldiazo-lower alkane, for example diphenyldiazomethane, if necessary in the presence of a Lewis acid, such as, for example, boron trifluoride, or by reaction with an alcohol suitable for ester ification, in the presence of an esterifying agent, such as a carbodiimide, for example dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, and carbonyldiimidazole. Esters can also be manufactured by reaction of a salt of the acid, which salt is optionally produced in situ, with a reactive ester of an alcohol and a strong inorganic acid, such as sulphuric acid, or a strong organic sulphonic acid, such as 4-toluenesulphonic acid. Furthermore, acid halides, such as chlorides, (manufactured, for example, by treatment with oxalyl chloride), activated esters (formed, for example, with N-hydroxynitrogen compounds, such as N-hydroxy-succinimide) , or mixed anhydrides (obtained, for example, with haloformic acid lower alkyl esters, such as chloroformic acid ethyl ester or chloroformic acid isobutyl ester, or with haloacetic acid halides, <br><br>
such as trichloroacetyl chloride) can be converted into an esterified carboxy group by reaction with alcohols, optionally in the presence of a base, such as pyridine. <br><br>
In a compound of the formula I having an esterified carboxy group, this group can be converted into a different esterified carboxy group, for example 2-chloroethoxycarbonyl or 2-bromoethoxycarbonyl may be <br><br>
converted by treatment with an iodine salt, for example sodium iodide, into 2-iodoethoxycarbonyl. Furthermore, in compounds of the formula I that contain a carboxy group protected in esterified form, the carboxy-protecting group can be removed as described above, and a resulting compound of the formula I having a free carboxy group or a salt thereof can be converted by reaction with the reactive ester of a corresponding alcohol into a compound of the formula I in which R3 represents an esterified carboxy group that can be cleaved under physiological conditions. <br><br>
In compounds of the formula I, in addition, a radical R4 can be converted into a different radical <br><br>
R4. <br><br>
Thus, for example, in compounds of the formula I in which the heterocyclyl radical is substituted by a carboxy group, this carboxy group can be converted according to processes known per se into a functionally modified carboxy group, such as into an esterified carboxy group or into optionally substituted carbamoyl. For example, by reaction of a compound of the formula I in which R^ represents heterocyclyl substituted by carboxy with an alcohol, especially a lower alkanol, there is obtained a compound of the formula I in which R^ represents heterocyclyl substituted by esterified carboxy, especially lower alkoxycarbonyl, it being preferable to carry out the operation in the presence of a suitable condensation agent, for example a carbodiimide, or to remove the water formed by azeotropic distillation. On the other hand, carboxy groups in radicals can also be converted into reactive functional derivatives, such as mixed anhydrides, for example acid halides, or activated esters, and these can be converted by reaction with an alcohol, for example lower alkanol, <br><br>
206278 <br><br>
ammonia or a primary or secondary amine, for example a lower alkylamine or di-lower alkylamine, into correspondingly esterified or amidated carboxy groups, it being preferable when using mixed anhydrides to carry out the operation in the presence of an acid-binding agent, such as an aromatic or tertiary amine or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonate. <br><br>
If a heteroaryl radical R4 contains a hydroxy group, this group may be etherified in customary manner. The reaction to form the corresponding lower alkyl-heteroaryl ether is effected, for example, in the presence of bases, such as alkali metal hydroxides or carbonates, for example sodium hydroxide or potassium carbonate, with the aid of di-lower alkyl sulphates or lower alkyl halides, or with diazo-lower alkanes, or, <br><br>
in the presence of a dehydrating agent, for example dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, with the aid of lower alkanols. Furthermore, hydroxy may be converted into esterified hydroxy, for example lower alkanoyloxy, for example by reaction with the reactive derivative of a corresponding lower alkanecarboxylic acid, for example acetic acid, such as an anhydride thereof, for example the symmetric anhydride thereof, or a mixed anhydride with a hydrohalic acid, if necessary in the presence of a basic condensation agent, such as an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate, or a nitrogen base, for example pyridine. The conversion of lower alkanoyloxy into hydroxy is effected, for example, by alcoholysis or, preferably, hydrolysis, for example by base-catalysed hydrolysis, for example in the presence of sodium hydroxide. <br><br>
In compounds of the formula I in which R4 represents heterocyclyl substituted by amino, the amino group may be converted into a substituted amino group, <br><br>
such as a lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower <br><br>
- 31 <br><br>
w r% * O <br><br>
alkyleneamino or lower alkanoylamino group. The conversion into a lower alkylamino or di-lower alkylamino group is effected, for example, by reaction with a reactive esterified lower alkanol, for example with a lower alkyl halide or sulphonate, in the presence of a basic condensation agent, such as a hydroxide or carbonate of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, or a heteroaromatic nitrogen base, for example pyridine. In analogous manner, amino can be converted by treatment with a lower alkylene dihalide or disulphonate into lower alkyleneamino, and by treatment with the reactive functional derivative of a lower alkanecarboxylic acid, for example the corresponding carboxylic acid halide, into lower alkanoylamino. <br><br>
Salts of compounds of the formula I having salt-forming groups are manufactured in a manner known per se. Thus, salts of compounds of the formula I having a free carboxy group can be formed, for example, by treatment with metal compounds, such as alkali metal salts of suitable organic carboxylic acids, for example the sodium salt of a-ethylcaproic acid, or with inorganic alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium bicarbonate, or with ammonia or with a suitable organic amine, it being preferable to use stoichiometric amounts or only a small excess of the salt-forming agent. Acid addition salts of compounds of the formula I are obtained in customary manner, for example by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable anion exchange reagent. Internal salts of compounds of the formula I can be formed, for example, by neutralising salts, such as acid addition salts, to the isoelectric point, for example with weak bases, or by treatment with ion exchangers. <br><br>
Salts can be converted into the free compounds in customary manner; metal and ammonium salts, for example <br><br>
by treatment with suitable acids, and acid addition salts, for example by treatment with a suitable basic agent. <br><br>
Resulting mixtures of isomers can be separated into the individual isomers according to methods known per se: mixtures of diastereoisomeric isomers, for example by fractional crystallisation, adsorption chromatography (column or thin-layer chromatography) or other suitable separating processes. <br><br>
The cleaving of resulting racemates into their optical antipodes can be effected in various ways. <br><br>
One of these ways comprises allowing a racemate to react with an optically active auxiliary, separating the resulting mixture of two diastereoisomeric compounds with the aid of suitable physico-chemical methods and then cleaving the individual diastereo-isomeric compounds into the optically active compounds. <br><br>
Racemates that are especially suitable for separation into the antipodes are those which contain an acidic group, such as, for example, racemates of compounds of the formula I in which R3 represents carboxy. These acidic racemates can be reacted with optically active bases, for example esters of optically active amino acids, or (-)-brucine, (+)-quinidine, (-)-quinine, (+)-cinchonine, (+)-dehydroabietylamine, (+)- and (-)-ephedrin, (+)- and (-)-l-phenylethylamine or their N-mono- or N,N-di-alkylated derivatives, to form mixtures consisting of two diastereoisomeric salts. <br><br>
In racemates that contain carboxy groups, this carboxy group can also be esterified already or can become esterified by an optically active alcohol, such as (-)-menthol, (+)-borneol, (+)- or (-)-2-octanol, whereupon, when isolation of the desired diastereo-isomers is complete, the carboxy group is freed. <br><br>
H 0 6 2 7 <br><br>
For separation of the racemates, the hydroxy group can also be esterified by optically active acids or reactive functional derivatives thereof, diastereo-isomeric esters being formed. Such acids are, for example, (-)-abietic acid, D( + )- and L(-)-malic acid, N-acylated optically active amino acid, (+)- and (-)-camphanic acid, ( + )- and (-)-ketopinic acid, L_(+)-ascorbic acid, ( + )-camphor ic acid, (+)-camphor-10-sulphonic acid($), { + )- or (-)-a-bromocamphor-/7-sulphonic acid, D(-)-quinic acid, D_(-)-isoascorbic acid, D( —)- and L(+)-mandelic acid, (+)-1-menthoxy-acetic acid, D(-)- and L_(+)-tartaric acid and the di-O-benzoyl and di-0-£-toluyl derivatives thereof. <br><br>
By reaction with optically active isocyanates, <br><br>
such as with (+)- or (-)-1-phenylethyl isocyanate, it is possible to convert compounds of the formula I in which R3 represents protected carboxy and R2 represents hydroxy into a mixture of diastereo-isomeric urethanes. <br><br>
Basic racemates, for example compounds of the formula I in which the radical R4 is substituted by amino, can form diastereoisomeric salts with the mentioned optically active acids. <br><br>
The cleaving of the separated diastereoisomers into the optically active compounds of the formula I is also effected according to customary methods. The acids or the bases are freed from the salts, for example, by treatment with acids or bases that are stronger than those originally used. The desired optically active compounds are obtained from the esters and urethanes, for example, after alkaline hydrolysis or after reduction with a complex hydride, such as lithium aluminium hydride. <br><br>
A further method of separating the racemates comprises chromatography on optically active <br><br>
- 34 - <br><br>
Gag! <br><br>
absorption layers, for example on cane sugar. <br><br>
According to a third method, the racemates can be dissolved in optically active solvents and the more sparingly soluble optical antipode crystallised out. <br><br>
A fourth method utilises the different reactivities of the optical antipodes with respect to biological material, such as micro-organisms or isolated enzymes. <br><br>
According to a fifth method, the racemates are dissolved and one of the optical antipodes is crystallised out by inoculation with a small quantity of an optically active product obtained according to one of the above methods. <br><br>
The separation of diastereoisomers into the individual racemates and of the racemates into the optical antipodes can be carried out at any stage of the process, that is to say, for example, even at the stage of the starting compounds of the formulae II to IV or at any stage of the process for the manufacture of the starting material of the formula II or IV which is described hereinafter. <br><br>
In all subsequent conversions of resulting compounds of the formula I, those reactions are preferred which take place under neutral, alkaline or weakly acidic conditions. <br><br>
The process also includes those embodiments according to which compounds formed as intermediates are used as starting materials and the remaining process steps are carried out with them, or the process is discontinued at any stage. Furthermore, starting materials can be used in the form of derivatives or can be formed iri situ, optionally under the reaction conditions. For example, a starting material of the formula II in which Z represents oxygen can be manufactured in situ from a compound of the formula II <br><br>
- 35 - <br><br>
2L <br><br>
■■ <C-. <br><br>
in which Z represents an optionally substituted methylidene group, as described hereinafter, by ozonisa-tion and subsequent reduction of the ozonide formed, analogously to the process (Stage 3.3) described hereinafter, whereafter the cyclisation of the compound of the formula I is effected in the reaction solution. <br><br>
The starting materials of the formulae II, IV and V and the precursors can be manufactured as indicated in reaction schemes I, II and III. <br><br>
- 36 <br><br>
^06278 <br><br>
Reaction Scheme I <br><br>
R1 H H <br><br>
,-CH/w. <br><br>
Li <br><br>
VV-W <br><br>
m o <br><br>
(VI) <br><br>
R„ H H Z1 <br><br>
Stage 1.1 <br><br>
•) R--CH <br><br>
|1 I <br><br>
nrs > <br><br>
jiw-S^C*" (CHn) ""Rc 2 m 5 <br><br>
0 <br><br>
NH <br><br>
(V«) <br><br>
Stage 1.2 <br><br>
N--" <br><br>
R1 H H Z» <br><br>
i f % ii <br><br>
2""CH <br><br>
S-C-(CH2)m~R5 <br><br>
R<j H H 21 <br><br>
R~~CHrvw« ■ <br><br>
N <br><br>
\ V <br><br>
CH /vwX^ Stage 1.3 O <br><br>
!_l <br><br>
'.^S-C-(CH- ) -R- <br><br>
Z Ili 3 <br><br>
•CH^OH <br><br>
(VIII) <br><br>
V <br><br>
Stage 1.4 <br><br>
R3' <br><br>
(VII) <br><br>
R^ H H Z' <br><br>
-CH^ \ J.^S~C— (CH2 )m-R5 <br><br>
R. <br><br>
(II*) <br><br>
f- <br><br>
R,j H H <br><br>
r <br><br>
Stage 1.4a R^CE^l. SM <br><br>
• N <br><br>
o'" xc©-# <br><br>
(IX) I <br><br>
R->' <br><br>
Stage 1.5 R <br><br>
H H <br><br>
R2— . <br><br>
Nx^ <br><br>
-|CB2VQ <br><br>
(IV) <br><br>
R- <br><br>
- 37 - <br><br>
f") ■£ ^ <br><br>
O .# <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae V', VII, VIII and II', Z' represents oxygen, sulphur or alternatively a methylidene group that is optionally substituted by one or two substituents Y and can be converted by oxidation into an oxo group Z. A substituent Y of this methylidene group is an organic radical, for example optionally substituted lower alkyl, for example methyl or ethyl, cycloalkyl, for example cyclopentyl or cyclo-hexyl, phenyl or phenyl-lower alkyl, for example benzyl, or, especially, an esterified carboxy group, including a carboxy group esterified by an optically active alcohol, such as 1-menthol, for example one of the optionally substituted lower alkoxycarbonyl or aryl-methoxycarbonyl radicals mentioned under R3 or alternatively 1-menthyloxycarbonyl. The methylidene group Z' preferably carries one of the mentioned substituents. Special mention should be made of the methoxy-carbonylmethylidene, ethoxycarbonylmethylidene and the 1-menthyloxycarbonylmethylidene group Z'. The latter can be used for the manufacture of optically active compounds of the formulae V', VII, VIII and II'. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae V', VII, VIII and II', R5 represents either the radical R4 or a reactive esterified hydroxy group Q. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae V' to IX and II', the radical R2 is preferably one of the mentioned protected hydroxy groups, for example optionally substituted 1-phenyl-lower alkoxy, <br><br>
optionally substituted phenyl-lower alkoxycarbonyloxy, or trisubstituted silyloxy. <br><br>
Stage 1.1 <br><br>
A thioazetidinone of the formula V1 is obtained by treating a 4-W-azetidinone of the formula VI in which W represents a nucleofugal leaving group with a <br><br>
- 38 - <br><br>
7 :A; ^ ^ <br><br>
^ 'vtf C; /' <br><br>
mercapto compound of the formula <br><br>
R5-(CH2)m-C(=Z1)-SH <br><br>
or with a salt, for example an alkali metal salt, such as a sodium or potassium salt, thereof, and, if desired, in a resulting compound of the formula V' in which R2 represents hydroxy, converting hydroxy into protected hydroxy. <br><br>
The nucleofugal leaving group W in a starting material of the formula VI is a radical that can be replaced by the nucleophilic radical <br><br>
R5~(CH2)m"C(=sZ,)"S~* <br><br>
Such groups W are, for example, acyloxy radicals, sulphonyl radicals R^SC^- in which RQ is an organic radical, or azido or halogen. In an acyloxy radical W, acyl is, for example, the radical of an organic carboxylic acid, including an optically active carboxylic acid, and represents, for example, lower alkanoyl, for example acetyl or propionyl, optionally substituted benzoyl, for example benzoyl or 2,4-dinitrobenzoyl, phenyl-lower alkanoyl, for example phenylacetyl, or the acyl radical of one of the above-mentioned optically active acids. In a sulphonyl radical Ro-S02-, Rq is, for example, lower alkyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, such as methyl, ethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, and also correspondingly substituted optically active lower alkyl, for example (2R)- or (2S_) - 1-hydroxyprop-2-yl, methyl substituted by an optically active radical, such as camphoryl, or benzyl, or optionally substituted phenyl, such as phenyl, 4-bromophenyl or 4-methylphenyl. A halogen radical W is, for example, bromine, iodine or, especially, chlorine. <br><br>
- 39 - <br><br>
062 7 <br><br>
W is preferably methyl- or 2-hydroxyethyl-sulphonyl, acetoxy or chlorine. <br><br>
The nucleophilic substitution can be carried out under neutral or weakly basic conditions in the presence of water and, optionally, a water-miscible organic solvent. The basic conditions can be produced, for example, by the addition of an inorganic base, such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate, for example sodium, potassium or calcium hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate. As organic solvents there may be used, for example, water-miscible alcohols, for example lower alkanols, <br><br>
such as methanol or ethanol, ketones, for example lower alkanones, such as acetone, amides, for example lower alkanecarboxylic acid amides, such as dimethylformamide, acetonitrile and the like. The reaction is customarily carried out at room temperature but may also be carried out at elevated or reduced temperature. The reaction can be accelerated by the addition of a salt of hydriodic acid or of thiocyanic acid, for example an alkali metal salt, such as a sodium salt. <br><br>
It is possible to use in the reaction optically inactive cis- or trans-compounds of the formula VI and mixtures thereof, or corresponding optically active compounds. The group being introduced, <br><br>
R^- (CI^) -C (=Z 1) -S-, is directed by the group (R^,R2)CH- preferentially into the trans-position, irrespective of whether W is in the cis- or trans-position to the group (R^,R2)CH-. Although predominantly the .trans-isomers are formed, <br><br>
it is occasionally possible also to isolate the cis-isomers. The separation of the cis- and trans-isomers is effected as described above, according to conventional methods, especially by chromatography and/or by crystallisation. <br><br>
\ <br><br>
/ <br><br>
206278 <br><br>
- 40 - <br><br>
The subsequent ozonisation of a methylidene group Z' can be effected as described hereinafter. A resulting racemate of the formula V' can be separated into the optically active compounds. <br><br>
An azetidinone of the formula VI in which R2 an{3 W each represents acetoxy and Rj represents hydrogen is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,272,437. <br><br>
Other azetidinones of the formula VI can be manufactured according to methods known per se, for example by reacting a vinyl ester of the formula (Rj,R2)CH-CH=CH-W with chlorosulphonyl isocyanate and reacting the resulting cyclo adduct with a reducing agent, for example sodium sulphite. In this synthesis, mixtures of cis- and trans-isomers are customarily obtained which, if desired, can be separated into the pure cis- or trans-isomers, for example by chromatography and/or crystallisation or distillation. The pure cis- and trans-isomers are present in the form of racemates and can be separated into their optical antipodes, for example if acyl in an acyloxy radical W in compounds of the formula VI originates from an optically active acid. The compounds of the formula VI, especially their optically active forms, can also be manufactured according to the processes given below in reaction schemes II and III. <br><br>
Stage 1.2 <br><br>
An a-hydroxycarboxylic acid compound of the formula VII is obtained by reacting a compound of the formula V' with a glyoxylic acid compound of the formula OHC-R31 or with a suitable derivative thereof, such as a hydrate, hemihydrate or semi-acetal, for example a semiacetal with a lower alkanol, for example methanol or ethanol, and, if <br><br>
1*2 6 FEB 3 <br><br>
desired, in a resulting compound of the formula VII in which R2 represents hydroxy, converting hydroxy into protected hydroxy. <br><br>
The compound of the formula VII is customarily obtained in the form of a mixture of the two isomers (with respect to the grouping —>-0H) . It is also possible, however, to isolate the pure isomers thereof. <br><br>
The addition of the glyoxylic acid ester compound to the nitrogen atom of the lactam ring is effected at room temperature or, if necessary, while heating, for example up to approximately 100°C, and in the absence of a true condensation agent and/or without formation of a salt. When using the hydrate of the glyoxylic acid compound, water is formed which, if necessary, is removed by distillation, for example azeotropically, or by using a suitable dehydrating agent, such as a molecular sieve. It is preferable to carry out the operation in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as, for example, dioxan, toluene or dimethylformamide, or a solvent mixture, if desired or necessary in the atmosphere of an inert gas, such as nitrogen. <br><br>
It is possible to use in the reaction pure optically inactive cis- or trans-compounds of the formula V1 and mixtures thereof, or corresponding optically active compounds. A resulting racemate of the formula VII can be separated into the optically active compounds. <br><br>
Stage 1.3 <br><br>
Compounds of the formula VIII in which XQ represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group, especially halogen or organic sulphonyloxy, are manufactured by, in a compound of the formula VII, converting the <br><br>
2 <br><br>
- 42 - <br><br>
secondary hydroxy group into a reactive esterified hydroxy group, especially into halogen, for example chlorine or bromine, or into an organic sulphonyloxy group, such as lower alkanesulphonyloxy, for example methanesulphonyloxy, or arenesulphonyloxy, for example benzene- or 4-methylbenzene-sulphonyloxy. <br><br>
In the starting compounds of the formula VII, 1*2 preferably represents a protected hydroxy group. <br><br>
The compounds of the formula VIII can be obtained in the form of mixtures of the isomers (with respect to the ^CH XQ grouping) or in the form of pure isomers. <br><br>
The above reaction is carried out by treatment with a suitable esterifying agent, for example with a thionyl halide, for example the chloride, a phosphorus oxyhalide, especially the oxychloride, a halophos-phonium halide, such as triphenyl phosphono-dibromide or -diiodide, or a suitable organic sulphonic acid halide, such as the chloride, preferably in the presence of a basic agent, especially an organic basic agent, such as an aliphatic tertiary amine, for example triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or "polystyrene Hunig base" or a heterocyclic base of the pyridine type, for example pyridine or collidine. The operation is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable solvent, for example dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, or a solvent mixture, if necessary while cooling and/or in the atmosphere of an inert gas, such as nitrogen. <br><br>
In a compound of the formula VIII obtainable in this manner, a reactive esterified hydroxy group XQ can be converted into a different reactive esterified hydroxy group in a manner known per se. Thus, for example, a chlorine atom can be replaced by a bromine or iodine atom by treatment of the corresponding chlorine compound with a suitable bromide or iodide <br><br>
062 <br><br>
- 43 - <br><br>
7 <br><br>
salt, such as lithium bromide or iodide, preferably in the presence of a suitable solvent, such as ether. <br><br>
It is possible to use in the reaction pure optically inactive cis- or trans-compounds of the formula VII and mixtures thereof, or corresponding optically active compounds. A resulting racemate of the formula VIII can be separated into the optically active compounds. <br><br>
Stage 1.4 <br><br>
The starting material of the formula II' is obtained by treating a compound of the formula VIII in which XQ represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group with a suitable phosphine compound, such as a tri lower alkylphosphine, for example tri-n-butylphosphine, or a triarylphosphine, for example triphenylphosphine, or with a suitable phosphite compound, such as a tri-lower alkyl phosphite, for example triethyl phosphite, or an alkali metal di-lower alkyl phosphite, for example diethyl phosphite, it being possible, depending upon the reagent chosen, to obtain a compound of the formula II (or II1) or Ila. <br><br>
The above reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a suitable inert solvent, such as a hydrocarbon, for example hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene or xylene, or an ether, for example dioxan, tetrahydrofuran or diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, or a solvent mixture. Depending upon reactivity, the operation is carried out while cooling or at elevated temperature, approximately between -10° and +100°C, preferably at approximately 20° to 80°C, and/or in the atmosphere of an inert gas, such as nitrogen. In order to prevent oxidative processes taking place catalytic amounts of an antioxidant, for example hydroquinone, can be added. <br><br>
When using a phosphine compound, the operation is customarily carried out in the presence of a basic agent, such as an organic base, for example an amine, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine or "poly- <br><br>
1/ <br><br>
styrene Hunig base", and there is thus obtained directly the ylide starting material of the formula II (or II') which is formed from the corresponding phosphonium salt. <br><br>
It is possible to use in the reaction pure, optically inactive cis- or trans-compounds of the formula VIII and mixtures thereof, or corresponding optically active compounds. A resulting racemate of the formula II1 can be separated into the optically active compounds. <br><br>
Stage 1.4a <br><br>
A starting compound of the formula II1 in which Z' represents oxo can furthermore be obtained by treating a mercaptide of the formula IX, in which M represents a metal cation, with an acylating agent that introduces the radical R^-(CH2)m—C(=0)-. <br><br>
In the starting material of the formula IX, the metal cation M is, for example, a cation of the formula j_ O-f 4- <br><br>
M or M /2, M representing especially a silver cation and M^+ representing, for example, the divalent cation of a suitable transition metal, for example copper, lead or mercury. <br><br>
An acylating agent that introduces the radical R^-(CH2)^-0(=0)- is, for example, the acid Rj.-(CH2) ^-COOH or a reactive functional derivative thereof, such as an acid halide, for example chloride or bromide, or an azide or anhydride thereof. <br><br>
The acylation is carried out, if the free acid of the formula -COOH is used, for example in the presence of a suitable water-removing agent, such as a carbodiimide, for example N,N1-dicyclohexyl carbodi- <br><br>
- 45 - <br><br>
062 ?S <br><br>
imide, or, if an acid derivative is used, in the presence of a suitable acid-binding agent, such as a tertiary aliphatic or aromatic base, for example triethylamine, pyridine or quinoline, in an inert solvent, such as a chlorinated hydrocarbon, for example methylene chloride, or an ether, for example diethyl ether or dioxan, at room temperature or while heating or cooling, for example in a temperature range of from approximately -50° to approximately +60°C, <br><br>
especially at from approximately -30° to approximately +20°C. <br><br>
The starting compounds of the formula IX can be manufactured, for example, by converting an azetidinone of the formula <br><br>
R1 H H <br><br>
R2-CH~^i W <br><br>
c/ <br><br>
I (VI) <br><br>
NH <br><br>
by reaction with an alkali metal salt, for example the sodium salt, of a thio-lower alkanecarboxylic acid, for example thioacetic acid, or of a triphenylmethyl-mercaptan, into a compound of the formula <br><br>
?i ? ? <br><br>
R -CH' 2 <br><br>
-W1 <br><br>
(VI') <br><br>
■ NH <br><br>
*0627^ <br><br>
- 46 - <br><br>
in which W' represents triphenylmethylthio or lower alkanoylthio, for example acetylthio, converting this, analogously to the process described in reaction stages 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4, into a compound of the formula and reacting this, in the presence of a base, for example pyridine or tri-n-butylamine, in a suitable solvent, for example diethyl ether or methanol, with a salt of the formula MA, in which M has the meaning given above but represents especially a silver cation, and A represents a customary anion that favours the solubility of the salt MA in the chosen solvent, for example the nitrate, acetate or fluoride anion, <br><br>
Compounds of the formula (II1) in which Rc> represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group can be converted by reaction with an agent that introduces the azaheterocyclyl radical into compounds of the formula (II') in which R5 represents the radical r4, for example the reaction conditions indicated in process c) being used. <br><br>
The ylides of the formula II1 in which Z1 represents oxygen or sulphur can be used directly in the cyclisation reaction for the manufacture of the end products of the formula I. It is also possible, <br><br>
,.—N <br><br>
- 47 - f)j ^2 7 <br><br>
however, in compounds of the formula II' in which R2 represents a protected hydroxy group, for example a protected hydroxy group that can readily be cleaved by hydrolysis, such as trisubstituted silyloxy, first to remove the hydroxy-protecting group and then to use the resulting compound of the formula II' in which R2 represents hydroxy in the cyclisation reaction. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae II', V', VII and VIII, an optionally substituted methylidene group Z' can be converted into the oxo group Z by ozonisation and subsequent reduction of the ozonide formed, according to the process described hereinafter in stage 3.3. <br><br>
Stage 1.5 <br><br>
The starting compound of the formula (IV) is obtained by cyclising an ylide of the formula (II') in which Z1 represents oxygen or sulphur and R5 represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group Q. <br><br>
The cyclisation can be effected, for example, in the same manner as described for the manufacture of compounds of the formula (I) from the ylides of the formula (II) (Process a)). <br><br>
Starting compounds of the formula VI in which W represents a sulphonyl radical H0-A-S02- can also be manufactured according to the following reaction scheme II. <br><br>
V <br><br>
- 48 - <br><br>
10627 <br><br>
Reaction Scheme II <br><br>
h <br><br>
^S\A <br><br>
N 0 <br><br>
O R„ ^ <br><br>
1 H h <br><br>
R2 - CHv^ \ A <br><br>
Stage 2.1 <br><br>
// <br><br>
n <br><br>
Ra *b <br><br>
(Xa) <br><br>
(Xb) <br><br>
Stage 2.2 <br><br>
r2 h h r2-ch <br><br>
« <br><br>
: ~~so2-a-oh nh <br><br>
*- <br><br>
Stage 2.3 <br><br>
■R, <br><br>
h <br><br>
H j^° <br><br>
r0-ch.w? xa <br><br>
/ X <br><br>
*b <br><br>
(via) <br><br>
(xc) <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae (Xa) to (Xc) and (Via), A represents a lower alkylene radical having 2 or 3 carbon atoms between the two hetero atoms and represents especially ethylene or 1,2-propylene, but <br><br>
- 49 - <br><br>
o <br><br>
^1? <br><br>
8 <br><br>
may also represent 1,3-propylene, 1,2-, 2,3- or 1,3-butylene. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae (Xa) to (Xc), each of the radicals R and R, represents hydrogen or ci D <br><br>
an organic radical bonded via a carbon atom to the ring carbon atom, it being possible for the two radicals R„ and R, to be linked to one another, and a b ' <br><br>
represents especially hydrogen, lower alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl, optionally substituted phenyl, or phenyl-lower alkyl, for example benzyl, or, if taken together, represent lower alkylene preferably having from 4 to 6 carbon atoms, for example 1,4-butylene or 1,5-pentylene. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae (Xb), (Xc) and (Via), the radical R2 represents hydroxy or, preferably, one of the mentioned protected hydroxy groups, for example optionally substituted 1-phenyl-lower alkoxy, optionally substituted phenyl-lower alkoxycarbonyloxy or tri-substituted silyloxy. <br><br>
Stage 2.1 <br><br>
A compound of the formula (Xb) is obtained by reacting a bicyclic compound of the formula (Xa) with a metallating reagent and an electrophilic agent that introduces the radical (R^,R2)CH-, then treating the resulting product with a proton source. <br><br>
Suitable metallating reagents are, for example, substituted and unsubstituted alkali metal amides, alkali metal hydrides or alkali metal-lower alkyl compounds in which the alkali metal is, for example, sodium or, especially, lithium, for example sodium or lithium amide, lithium bis-trimethylsilylamide, sodium hydride, lithium hydride and, preferably, lithium diisopropylamide and butyllithium. <br><br>
2062-78 <br><br>
Electrophilic agents that introduce the radical (R^,R2)CH- are, for example, compounds of the formula Ri-CH=0 or functional derivatives thereof of the formula (R^,R2)CH-X in which X represents a nucleofugal leaving group, especially halogen, for example chlorine, bromine or iodine, or sulphonyl-oxy, for example methanesulphonyloxy or 4-toluene-sulphonyloxy. Preferred electrophilic agents that introduce the radical (R^I^JCH- are formaldehyde, and optionally substituted benzyloxymethyl chloride and acetaldehyde. <br><br>
Solvents suitable for the metallating reaction should not contain active hydrogen and are, for example, hydrocarbons, for example hexane, benzene, toluene or xylene, ethers, for example diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan, or acid amides, for example hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide. <br><br>
The metallated intermediate need not be isolated but, subsequent to the metallating reaction, can be reacted with an electrophilic agent that introduces the radical (Rj,R2)CH-. The metallating reaction takes place at temperatures of from approximately -10Q°C to approximately room temperature, preferably at below -30°C, and preferably in an inert gas atmosphere, <br><br>
such as a nitrogen atmosphere. The further reaction can take place under the same conditions. Formaldehyde is introduced into the reaction mixture preferably in gaseous, monomeric form. Monomeric formaldehyde can be obtained, for example, by thermal depolymerisation of paraformaldehyde or by thermal decomposition of formaldehydecyclohexyl hemiacetal. <br><br>
06278 <br><br>
It is possible to use for the metallating reaction both the individual antipodes of compounds of the formula (Xa) and their racemic or diastereoisomeric mixtures. <br><br>
The action of the electrophilic agent that introduces the radical (R^,R2)CH- on the substrate generally takes place stereospecifically. If there is used as starting material an azetidinone of the formula (Xa) having the R-configuration at carbon atom 4 of the azetidinone ring, there is produced predominantly a compound of the formula (Xb) having the R-configura-tion at carbon atom 4 and the S-configuration at carbon atom 3 of the azetidinone ring, that is to say the action of the electrophilic agent takes place predominantly in the trans-position. <br><br>
After the reaction, the reaction product is treated with a proton source, for example with water, an alcohol, such as methanol or ethanol, an organic or inorganic acid, for example acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, or a similar compound that yields protons, again preferably at low temperatures. <br><br>
In a resulting compound of the formula (Xb) in which R2 represents hydrogen, the hydroxy group can be protected in a manner known per se, for example by ether ification or esterification, especially as described above. <br><br>
The manufacture of optically active and optically inactive starting compounds of the formula (Xa) is described, for example, in European Patent Application No. 23887. <br><br>
Stage 2.2 <br><br>
A sulphone of the formula (Xc) can be manufactured by treating a thio compound of the formula (Xb) with an oxidising agent and, if desired, <br><br>
2062 7 8 <br><br>
converting a compound of the formula (Xc) obtainable according to the process in which R2 represents hydroxy into a compound of the formula (Xc) in which r2 represents a protected hydroxy group. <br><br>
Suitable oxidising agents are, for example, <br><br>
hydrogen peroxide, organic peracids, especially aliphatic or aromatic percarboxylic acids, for example peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, chloroperbenzoic acid, for example 3-chloroperbenzoic acid, or monoperphthalic acid, oxidising inorganic acids and salts thereof, for example nitric acid, chromic acid, potassium permanganate, or alkali metal hypochlorites, for example sodium hypochlorite. The conversion may, however, also be effected by anodic oxidation. <br><br>
The oxidation is preferably carried out in a suitable inert solvent, for example a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example methylene chloride, chloroform or carbon tetrachloride, an alcohol, for example methanol or ethanol, a ketone, for example acetone, an ether, for example diethyl ether, dioxan or tetrahydro-furan, an amide, for example dimethylformamide, a sulphone, for example dimethylsulphone, a liquid organic carboxylic acid, for example acetic acid, or in water or in a mixture of these solvents, especially a water-containing mixture, for example aqueous acetic acid, and at room temperature, or while cooling or gently heating, that is to say at from approximately -20° to approximately +90°C, but preferably at approximately room temperature. The oxidation may also be carried out in steps by first, at low temperature, <br><br>
that is to say at from approximately -20° to approximately D°C, oxidising to the sulphoxide, which is optionally isolated, and then, in a second step preferably carried out at elevated temperature, for example at room temperature, oxidising the sulphoxide <br><br>
53 <br><br>
A ^ <br><br>
/ <br><br>
to form the sulphone of the formula (Xc). <br><br>
For working up, excess oxidising agent which may still be present can be destroyed by reduction, especially by treatment with a reducing agent, such as a thiosulphate, for example sodium thiosulphate. <br><br>
It is possible to use in the reaction both optically inactive compounds of the formula (Xb) and corresponding optically active compounds, especially those having the 3S_,4R.-configuration in the azetidinone ring. <br><br>
Stage 2.3 <br><br>
Compounds of the formula (Via) can be manufactured by solvolysing a bicyclic amide of the formula (Xc) with a suitable solvolysis reagent and, if desired, in a compound of the formula (Via) obtainable according to the process, converting a free hydroxy group R2 into a protected hydroxy group R2- <br><br>
Suitable solvolysis reagents are, for example, organic acids, for example lower alkanecarboxylic acids, such as formic acid or acetic acid, or sulphonic acids, for example 4-toluenesulphonic acid or methane-sulphonic acid, mineral acids, for example sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also lower alkanols, for example methanol or ethanol, or lower alkanediols, for example ethylene glycol. <br><br>
The mentioned solvolysis reagents are added undiluted or diluted with water. The solvolysis can also be carried out with pure water. The solvolysis with the acidic reagent is preferably effected in an aqueous solution of this reagent and at temperatures of from approximately -20° to approximately 150°C, preferably at from room temperature to 110°C. <br><br>
It is possible to use in the reaction both optically inactive compounds of the formula (Xc), for <br><br>
- 54 - <br><br>
O62 ? g example racemates or diastereoisomeric mixtures, and corresponding optically active compounds, especially those having the 3£^, 4R-conf iguration in the azetidinone ring. <br><br>
Resulting isomeric mixtures of compounds of the formulae (Xb), (Xc) and (Via), such as racemates or diastereoisomeric mixtures, can be separated into the individual isomers, such as antipodes, in a manner known per se, for example as described above. <br><br>
Optically active trans-compounds of the formula (VI) that can be used according to the invention can be manufactured also according to the following reaction scheme III: <br><br>
*S~f <br><br>
Hlull T <br><br>
React ion scheme III <br><br>
V <br><br>
(XI) <br><br>
Stage 3.1 <br><br>
s/ <br><br>
R-, <br><br>
I H s V <br><br>
R2-CH|I|,,|! 5^ <br><br>
R2 "" CHl I I I 9 <br><br>
S°2-R0 <br><br>
Stage 3.2 <br><br>
Stage 3.4 <br><br>
R <br><br>
1 H H <br><br>
R2 -CH111 11 <br><br>
(XIII) <br><br>
• ' <br><br>
R3 ' <br><br>
Stage 3.3 <br><br>
^ — 'SO —P <br><br>
| 1 1 ¥>S02 Ro R2 -CH niii. ** <br><br>
4 <br><br>
J" <br><br>
(XIV) <br><br>
N. <br><br>
\ <br><br>
.=0 <br><br>
R • <br><br>
3 <br><br>
062 7 <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae (XI) to (XIV) and (VIb) , R2 represents hydroxy or, especially, a protected hydroxy group. <br><br>
Stage 3. 1 <br><br>
Compounds of the formula (XII) are known or can be manufactured in a manner known per se. They can also be manufactured according to a novel process by epimerising a compound of the formula (XI) and, if desired, in a compound of the formula (XII) obtainable according to the process, converting a protected hydroxy group R2 into a different protected hydroxy group R2« <br><br>
The epimerisation is effected, for example, in the presence of a basic agent, such as an amine, for example a tri-lower alkylamine, for example triethylamine or ethyldiisopropylamine, a tertiary amine, for example N,N-dimethylaniline, an aromatic amine, for example pyridine, or a bicyclic amine, for example 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-5-ene or 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene, or an alkali metal lower alkoxide, for example sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or potassium tert.-butoxide, in an inert solvent, for example an ether, for example diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan, acetonitrile or dimethylformamide, optionally at slightly elevated or reduced temperature, for example at from 0° to 50°C, but preferably at room temperature. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formula (XII) obtainable according to the process, a protected hydroxy group R2 can be replaced by a different protected hydroxy group R2, for example a protected hydroxy group that can be cleaved by hydrogenolysis can be replaced by a protected hydroxy group that can be cleaved by <br><br>
solvolysis. Hydroxy-protecting groups are especially the above-mentioned protecting groups that can be removed by hydrogenolysis, for example 1-phenyl-lower alkyl or phenyl-lower alkoxycarbonyl, each substituted as indicated, or protecting groups that can be removed by solvolysis, for example silyl tri-substituted as indicated. <br><br>
The reaction can be carried out by first removing the hydroxy-protecting group that can be removed by hydrogenolysis and then introducing into the resulting compound of the formula XII in which R2 represents hydroxy, a hydroxy-protecting group that can be removed by solvolysis. <br><br>
The removal of a protecting group that can be removed by hydrogenolysis is effected, for example, <br><br>
with hydrogen or a hydrogen-donor, for example cyclo-hexene or cyclohexadiene, in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, such as a palladium catalyst, for example palladium-on-carbon, in an inert solvent, such as a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example methylene chloride, a lower alkanol, for example methanol or ethanol, an ether, for example dioxan or tetrahydro-furan, or alternatively in water or in mixtures thereof, at a temperature of from approximately 0° to approximately 80°C, preferably at room temperature. The removal can also be carried out with a reducing metal, such as zinc, or a reducing metal alloy, for example a copper/zinc alloy, in the presence of an agent that yields protons, such as an organic acid, for example acetic acid, or alternatively a lower alkanol, for example ethanol. <br><br>
The introduction of a hydroxy-protecting group that can be removed by solvolysis is effected, for example, with a compound of the formula R '-X- in which <br><br>
- 57 - <br><br>
206278 <br><br>
1*2* represents the hydroxy-protecting group and represents, for example, a reactive esterified hydroxy group, for example halogen, for example chlorine, <br><br>
bromine or iodine, or sulphonyloxy, such as methane-sulphonyloxy, benzenesulphonyloxy or 4-toluenesul-phonyloxy. <br><br>
The reaction is effected in an inert solvent, such as an ether, for example diethyl ether, dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, a hydrocarbon, for example benzene or toluene, a halogenated hydrocarbon, for example methylene chloride, in dimethyl sulphoxide or acetonitrile, in the presence of a basic condensation agent, such as an alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate, for example sodium or potassium hydroxide or sodium or potassium carbonate, an alkali metal amide or hydride, for example sodium amide or sodium hydride, an alkali metal lower alkoxide, for example sodium methoxide or ethoxide or potassium tert.-butoxide, or an amine, for example triethylamine, pyridine or imidazole, at room temperature or at elevated or reduced temperature, for example at from approximately -20° to approximately 80°C, but preferably at room temperature. <br><br>
Starting compounds of the formula (XI) are known, for example, from British Patent Application No. 20 61 930 <br><br>
Stage 3.2 <br><br>
A compound of the formula (XIII) can be manufactured by treating a penam compound of the formula (XII) with a basic agent and with an esterifying agent that introduces the radical RQ. <br><br>
A suitable basic agent is, for example, one of the basic agents mentioned under stage 3.1, especially one of the mentioned bicyclic amines, and also an alkali <br><br>
- 58 <br><br>
metal amide or hydride, for example sodium amide or sodium hydride. <br><br>
A radical RQ is, for example, one of the organic radicals mentioned under stage 1.1, especially optionally substituted lower alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl or 2-hydroxyethyl, or benzyl. <br><br>
An esterifying agent that introduces the radical Rq is, for example, a compound of the formula in which X4 represents reactive esterified hydroxy, for example halogen, such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, or sulphonyloxy, such as methanesulphonyloxy, benzene-sulphonyloxy or 4-toluenesulphonyloxy. For the introduction of a 2-hydroxyethyl radical, ethylene oxide is also suitable. <br><br>
The reaction is preferably carried out in two steps; in the first step the penam compound of the formula (XII) is treated with at least equimolar amounts of the basic agent and a resulting intermediate of the formula <br><br>
R1 ■ t S02 © B© <br><br>
R2-CHin,,l ^ (Xlla) <br><br>
.N <br><br>
or- <br><br>
k • X <br><br>
3 <br><br>
(+) <br><br>
in which B^represents the protonated form (cation) of the basic agent, is reacted with the esterifying agent, preferably without being isolated from the reaction mixture. The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent, for example an ether, for example diethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran or dioxan, in acetonitrile, dimethylformamide or hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide, optionally at <br><br>
slightly elevated or reduced temperature, for example at approximately 0° to 50°C, but preferably at room temperature. In a preferred embodiment of the process, the penam compound of the formula (XII) is manufactured in situ by, as described in stage 3.1, first treating a compound of the formula (XI) with catalytic amounts of the basic agent, for example 1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-undec-5-ene, and then reacting the product with at least equimolar amounts of the same basic agent and the esterifying agent to form the compounds of the formula (XIII). <br><br>
Stage 3.3 <br><br>
An oxalylazetidinone of the formula (XIV) can be manufactured by ozonising a compound of the formula (XIII) and cleaving the ozonide formed by reduction to form the oxo compound. <br><br>
The ozonisation is customarily carried out with a mixture of ozone and oxygen in an inert solvent, such as a lower alkanol, for example methanol or ethanol, a lower alkanone, for example acetone, an optionally halogenated hydrocarbon, for example a halo-lower alkane, such as methylene chloride or carbon tetrachloride, or in a solvent mixture, including an aqueous mixture, preferably while cooling, for example at temperatures of from approximately -80° to approximately 0°C. <br><br>
An ozonide obtained as intermediate is cleaved by reduction, customarily without being isolated, to form a compound of the formula XIV, there being used catalytically activated hydrogen, for example hydrogen in the presence of a heavy metal hydrogenation catalyst, such as a nickel catalyst and also a palladium catalyst, preferably on a suitable carrier, <br><br>
such as calcium carbonate or carbon, or chemical <br><br>
- 60 - <br><br>
062? 8 <br><br>
reducing agents, such as reducing heavy metals, including heavy metal alloys or amalgams, for example zinc, in the presence of a hydrogen-donor, such as an acid, for example acetic acid, or an alcohol, for example lower alkanol, reducing inorganic salts, such as alkali metal iodides, for example sodium iodide, or alkali metal bisulphites, for example sodium bisulphite, in the presence of a hydrogen-donor, such as an acid, for example acetic acid, or water, or reducing organic compounds, such as formic acid. As reducing agents there may also be used compounds that can readily be converted into corresponding epoxide compounds or oxides, it being possible for the epoxide formation to be effected as a result of a C-C double bond and the oxide formation in view of the presence of an oxide-forming hetero atom, such as a sulphur, phosphorus or nitrogen atom. Such compounds are, for example, suitably substituted ethene compounds (which are converted into ethylene oxide compounds in the reaction), such as tetracyanoethylene? or, especially, suitable sulphide compounds (which are converted into sulphoxide compounds in the reaction), such as di-lower alkyl sulphides, especially dimethyl sulphide; suitable organic phosphorus compounds, such as a phosphine optionally substituted by phenyl and/or lower alkyl, for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or n-butyl (which phosphine is converted into a phosphine oxide in the reaction), such as tri-lower alkylphosphines, for example tri-n-butylphosphine, or triphenylphosphine; and also tri-lower alkyl phosphites (which are converted into phosphoric acid tri-lower alkyl esters in the reaction) , customarily in the form of corresponding alcohol adduct compounds, such as trimethyl phosphite, or phosphorous acid triamides, which optionally contain lower alkyl as substituent, such as hexa-lower alkyl <br><br>
- 61 - <br><br>
206 <br><br>
phosphorous acid triamides, for example hexamethyl-phosphorous acid triamide, the latter preferably being in the form of a methanol adduct; and also suitable nitrogen bases (which are converted into the corresponding N-oxides in the reaction), such as heterocyclic nitrogen bases of aromatic character, for example bases of the pyridine type and, especially, pyridine itself. The cleaving of the ozonide, which customarily is not isolated, is normally effected under the same conditions as those used for its manufacture, that is to say, in the presence of a suitable solvent or solvent mixture, and while cooling or heating gently, the operation preferably being carried out at temperatures of from approximately -10° to approximately +25°C, and the reaction customarily being concluded at room temperature. <br><br>
Stage 3.4 <br><br>
An azetidinone of the formula (VIb) can be manufactured by solvolysing an oxalylazetidinone of the formula (XIV). <br><br>
The solvolysis can be carried out in the form of hydrolysis, alcoholysis or alternatively in the form of hydrazinolysis. Hydrolysis is carried out with water, optionally in a water-miscible solvent. Alcoholysis is customarily carried out with a lower alkanol, for example methanol or ethanol, preferably in the presence of water and an organic solvent, such as a lower alkanecarboxylic acid lower alkyl ester, for example ethyl acetate, preferably at room temperature, if necessary while cooling or heating, for example at a temperature of from approximately 0° to approximately 80°C. Hydrazinolysis is carried out in conventional manner with a substituted hydrazine, for example with phenyl- or a nitrophenyl-hydrazine, such as 2-nitro- <br><br>
- 62 - <br><br>
27 <br><br>
phenylhydrazine, 4-nitrophenylhydrazine or 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazine, which is preferably used in an approximately equimolar amount, in an organic solvent, such as an ether, for example tetrahydrofuran, dioxan, diethyl ether, an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as benzene or toluene, a halogenated hydrocarbon, such as methylene chloride, chlorobenzene or dichlorobenzene, an ester, such as ethyl acetate, and the like, at temperatures of between approximately room temperature and approximately 65°C. <br><br>
In a preferred embodiment of the process, a compound of the formula (XIII) is used as starting material and is ozonised as indicated and then cleaved by reduction to form an oxalylazetidinone of the formula (XIV) which is reacted further, without being isolated from the reaction mixture, to form an azetidinone of the formula (VIb). <br><br>
In the ozonolysis there may be produced small amounts of acid which can effect the removal of a radical R2 that can readily be removed by solvolysis, for example a tri-substituted silyl radical. The resulting compound of the formula fl H H <br><br>
= SO^-R_ <br><br>
^11 IM 111« <br><br>
HOCHi ! 2 ° <br><br>
y" ^ (VIb') <br><br>
0 <br><br>
can be separated from the protected azetidinone (VIb), for example by chromatography, and converted into the azetidinone of the formula (VIb) by fresh reaction with the agent of the formula R^-X^ that introduces <br><br>
0627 <br><br>
the hydroxy-protecting group R21. <br><br>
In the compounds of the formulae (II), (II1), (III), (IV), (VII) to (IX) and (XII) to (XIV), a protected carboxy group R^' can be converted into a different protected carboxy group R^ 1 according to methods known per se, and when so doing it is possible, taking into consideration the other functional groups which may be contained in these compounds, to use the same methods as those indicated for the conversion of this substituent in the compounds of the formula (I). <br><br>
The invention relates also to novel starting materials and to novel intermediates obtainable according to the process, such as those of the formulae (II) to (IX), (XIII) and (XIV) and to the processes given for their manufacture. <br><br>
The starting materials used and the reaction conditions chosen are preferably those which result in the compounds described hereinbefore as being especially preferred. <br><br>
The compounds of the formula I have valuable pharmacological properties, or can be used as intermediates for the manufacture of such compounds having valuable pharmacological properties. Compounds of the formula I in which R^ represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents hydroxy, R^ represents carboxy or an esterified carboxy group that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, and R4 has the meaning given under formula I, and pharmacologically acceptable salts of such compounds having salt-forming groups have anti-bacterial activity. For example, they are effective jin. vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative cocci, for example Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, <br><br>
- 64 - ^ 0 $ ^ <br><br>
Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, in minimum concentrations of from approximately 0.01 to approximately 16 pg/ml, and against gram-negative rod-shaped bacilli, such as Enterobacteriaceae, <br><br>
Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and anaerobes, for example Bacteroides sp., in minimum concentrations of from approximately 0.1 to approximately 16 yg/ml. In vivo, in the case of systemic infection of mice, for example by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, on subcutaneous or oral administration ED5q values of from approximately 2 to approximately 100 mg/kg are obtained. For example, in the _in vitro test mentioned: <br><br>
sodium (5R,6Sj-2- (tetrazol-1-ylmethyl)-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate (compound 1), <br><br>
sodium (5R, 6S) -2- [2- (tetrazol -1 -yl) -ethyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate (compound 2) , <br><br>
sodium (5R, 6S_) - 2- [4 - (tetrazol- 1-yl) -butyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate (compound 3) , <br><br>
sodium (5R_, 6S_) -2- [ 2- (1, 2, 4-tr iazol- 1 -yl) -ethyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate (compound 4), <br><br>
sodium (5R, 6SJ -2- [3- (tetrazol- 1-yl) -propyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate (compound 5), <br><br>
have the following values: <br><br>
7->/- <br><br>
O <br><br>
- 65 - <br><br>
2 7 <br><br>
Organism <br><br>
MIC (fig/ml), in vitro <br><br>
Compound <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
3 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
5 <br><br>
Staphylococcus aureus 10 B <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
Staphylococcus aureus 2999 i+p+ <br><br>
0. 2 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0. 2 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
Staphylococcus aureus A 124 <br><br>
0. 5 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
Streptococcus pyogenes Aronson <br><br>
0. 2 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0. 05 <br><br>
0. 2 <br><br>
0. 2 <br><br>
Streptococcus pneumoniae II1/84 <br><br>
0. 2 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
Streptococcus faecalis D 3 <br><br>
64 <br><br>
32 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
32 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
Neisseria meningitidis 1316 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.02 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1317-4 <br><br>
0.01 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.01 <br><br>
0.05 <br><br>
0.01 <br><br>
Haemophilus influenzae NCTC 4560 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
0.5 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
Escherichia coli 205 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Escherichia coli 205 R+TEM <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Escherichia coli 16 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
Escherichia coli 2018 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Escherichia coli UB 1005 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Escherichia coli DC 2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Klebsiella pneumoniae 327 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Serratia marcescens 344 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
8 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
Enterobacter cloacae P 99 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
8 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
- 66 - <br><br>
Organism <br><br>
MIC (ua/ml). in vitro <br><br>
Compound <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
3 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
5 <br><br>
Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
8 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
Proteus mirabilis 774 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
Proteus mirabilis 1219 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
Proteus rettgeri 856 <br><br>
16 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
Proteus morganii 2359 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
Proteus morganii 1518 <br><br>
8 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 12055 <br><br>
>128 <br><br>
)128 <br><br>
>128 <br><br>
>128 <br><br>
>128 <br><br>
Pseudomonas aeruginosa K 799/61 <br><br>
8 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 143738 R <br><br>
>128 <br><br>
>128 <br><br>
Clostridium perfringens 194 <br><br>
1 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.2 <br><br>
0.2 <br><br>
Bacteroides fragilis L 01 <br><br>
0.5 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
0.5 <br><br>
0.2 <br><br>
0.1 <br><br>
In vivo, in the case of the systemic infection of mice, the following ED^q values are obtained: <br><br>
ED50 <br><br>
(mg/kg) <br><br>
. in vivo <br><br>
Organism <br><br>
Compound <br><br>
1 <br><br>
2 <br><br>
3 <br><br>
4 <br><br>
5 <br><br>
Staphylococcus aureus 10 <br><br>
B s.c. <br><br>
6-13 <br><br>
40 <br><br>
14 <br><br>
44 <br><br>
30 <br><br>
p.o. <br><br>
>100 <br><br>
86 <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
Streptococcus pyogenes s.c. <br><br>
2 <br><br>
2.5 <br><br>
5.5 <br><br>
7 <br><br>
3.5 <br><br>
Aronson p.o. <br><br>
44 <br><br>
8-23 <br><br>
>10 <br><br>
>io <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
Escherichia coli 2018 <br><br>
s.c. <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
30 <br><br>
30 <br><br>
34 <br><br>
45 <br><br>
p.o. <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
>30 <br><br>
>100 <br><br>
lOO <br><br>
>100 <br><br>
(s.c.: subcutaneous: p.o.: oral) <br><br>
- 67 - <br><br>
06 2/ <br><br>
The novel compounds can be used as orally or parenterally administrable antibacterial antibiotics, for example in the form of corresponding pharmaceutical preparations, for the treatment of infections. <br><br>
Compounds of the formula I in which at least one of the functional groups present is in protected form, a protected carboxy group being other than an esterified carboxy group that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, can be used as intermediates for the manufacture of the above-mentioned pharmacologically active compounds of the formula I. <br><br>
The pharmacologically acceptable compounds of the present invention can be used, for example, for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations that contain an effective amount of the active ingredient together or in admixture with inorganic or organic, solid or liquid, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that are suitable for oral or for parenteral, that is to say intramuscular, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal, administration . <br><br>
For oral administration there are used tablets or gelatine capsules that contain the active ingredient together with diluents, for example lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine, and lubricants, for example silica, talc, stearic acid or salts thereof, such as magnesium or calcium stearate, and/or polyethylene glycol; tablets also contain binders, for example magnesium aluminium silicate, starches, such as maize, wheat, rice or arrowroot starch, gelatine, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone, and, if desired, disintegrators, for example starches, agar, alginic acid or a salt thereof, such as sodium alginate, and/or effervescent mixtures or adsorbents, colourings, flavourings or sweeteners. <br><br>
For parenteral administration there are suitable especially infusion solutions, preferably isotonic aqueous solutions or suspensions, it being possible to prepare these before use, for example from lyophilised preparations that contain the active ingredient alone or together with a carrier, for example mannitol. Such preparations may be sterilised and/or contain adjuncts, for example preservatives, stabilisers, wetting agents and/or emulsifiers, solubilisers, salts for regulating the osmotic pressure and/or buffers. <br><br>
The present pharmaceutical preparations, which, if desired, may contain other pharmacologically active substances, are manufactured in a manner known per se, for example by means of conventional mixing, dissolving or lyophilising processes, and contain from approximately 0.1 to 100 %, especially from approximately 1 to approximately 50 % or, in the case of lyophilisates, up to 100 %, of the active ingredient. <br><br>
Depending upon the type of infection and the condition of the infected organism, the daily dose to be administered for the treatment of a warm-blooded animal (human or animal) weighing approximately 70 kg is from approximately 0.1 g to approximately 5 g . <br><br>
The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention. Temperatures are given in degrees Centigrade. <br><br>
The following abbreviations are used in the Examples: <br><br>
TLC <br><br>
thin-layer chromatograph <br><br>
IR <br><br>
infra-red spectrum <br><br>
UV <br><br>
ultraviolet spectrum <br><br>
M.p. <br><br>
melting point <br><br>
DBU <br><br>
1,5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-5-ene <br><br>
THF <br><br>
tetrahydrofuran <br><br>
DMF <br><br>
dimethylformamide <br><br>
20G27S <br><br>
Experimental section Example 1 : <br><br>
(3S, 4R)-3- (tert.-butyl-dimethy1-silyloxymethy1)-4-[5-(tetrazol- 1-yl)-valeroylthio]-azetidin-2-one <br><br>
A mixture of 204.8 mg of 5-(tetrazol-1'-yl)-thio-valeric acid in 1.1 ml of sodium hydroxide solution and 5 ml of water is added at room temperature, while stirring, to a solution of 293 mg of 3- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-methylsulphonylaze t id intone in 5 ml of absolute THF. The mixture is subsequently maintained at pH 10 by the addition of 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. After a reaction time of two hours at room temperature, the mixture is diluted with ethyl acetate and the aqueous phase is separated off. Extraction is carried out twice with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts are washed with brine. After drying over sodium sulphate and concentration under a high vacuum, the residue is chromato-graphed over silica gel using toluene and ethyl acetate (1:2) as eluant. <br><br>
TLC (silica gel): toluene/ethyl acetate (2:3) = 0.17 IR (methylene chloride): 2.94, 5.66, 5.96 ym. <br><br>
The starting compound, 5-(tetrazol-1'-yl)-thio-valeric acid, can be manufactured as follows: <br><br>
laa) 5-(N-formylamino) -valer ic acid ethyl ester <br><br>
1.4 ml of triethylamine are added to 1.8 g of 5-aminovaleric acid ethyl ester hydrochloride in 40 ml of formic acid ethyl ester and the whole is then heated under reflux for 2 hours. The precipitate is filtered off, washed with a small quantity of formic acid ethyl ester and concentrated by evaporation under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. The residue <br><br>
20627 <br><br>
is partitioned between methylene chloride and sodium bicarbonate solution, and the organic phase is then washed with brine, dried and concentrated by evaporation. The title compound is obtained in the form of an oil. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.78, 5.92, 6.64 vim. <br><br>
1ab) 5-isocyanovaleric acid ethyl ester <br><br>
17.15 ml of triethylamine are added to 8.5 g of 5-(N-formylamino)-valeric acid ethyl ester in 50 ml of methylene chloride. While cooling with an ice bath, 25 ml of 20 % phosgene solution in toluene are added dropwise thereto and the mixture is stirred at 0° for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture is poured onto ice water and the organic phase is separated off, <br><br>
dried and concentrated by evaporation. The resulting title compound is purified by distillation. B.p. (0.3 torr): 70° <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 4.68, 5.83, 7.3, 8.6 ym. <br><br>
1ac) 5-(tetrazol-l-yl)-valeric acid ethyl ester <br><br>
3.6 g of 5-isocyanovaleric acid ethyl ester are heated at reflux temperature under argon for 24 hours in 72 ml of a 0.9M HN^ solution in benzene. After concentration by evaporation and purification by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 1:1) the pure title compound is obtained. IR (methylene chloride): 3.2, 5.85, 7.32 urn. <br><br>
1a(3) 5-(tetrazol-l-yl)-valeric acid <br><br>
2.12 g of (5-tetrazol-1-yl)-valeric acid ethyl ester are dissolved in 5 ml of methanol, and 4.28 ml of a methanolic NaOH solution (3N) are added. After stirring for 2.5 hours at room temperature, the solvent is distilled off and the residue is taken up in water. <br><br>
After washing with ethyl acetate, the aqueous phase is acidified (pH 3) and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. After drying and concentration by evaporation, the pure title compound is obtained. NMR (DMSO.dg): S 12.1 ppm (1H, broad), 9.5 ppm <br><br>
(1H, s), 4.55 ppm (2H, t), 2.3 ppm (2H, t) , 1.7 ppm (4H, m). <br><br>
1ae) 5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-valeric acid chloride <br><br>
1 g of 5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-valeric acid in 12 ml of absolute benzene is heated at reflux temperature for 20 minutes with 0.6 ml of thionyl chloride and 2 drops of DMF. After concentration by evaporation under reduced pressure, the title compound is obtained. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 3.18, 5.62, 6.78 um. <br><br>
1 af) 5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-thiovaleric acid <br><br>
5 g of 5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-valeric acid chloride are dissolved in 4.5 ml of absolute methylene chloride and, at 0°, this solution is added dropwise to 35.5 ml of a solution of pyridine and H2S in methylene chloride (30 ml of pyridine and 6 g of H2S in 100 ml of methylene chloride). The mixture is then stirred at 0° under a nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is taken up in chloroform, and the aqueous phase is acidified to pH 2 with 2N H2SO^ and extracted twice with chloroform. The combined organic phases are washed twice with 25 ml of 10 % NaHCOg solution. The pH is then adjusted to 3 with 2N H2SO4 and the title compound is obtained by repeated extraction with chloroform. It is dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 3.9, 5.9, 8.6, 9.1 vim. <br><br>
The starting material, (3S_,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl- <br><br>
dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one, can be manufactured as follows: <br><br>
1 ba) (3S,5R,6R)-2,2-diinethyl-6- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-penam-3-car boxyl ic acid methyl ester 1,1-dioxide A solution of 23.6 g (85 mmol) of (3S_,5R,6R)-2, 2-dimethyl-6-hydroxymethylpenam-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester in 50 ml of dimethylformamide is stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes with 25.5 g (170 mmol) of tert.-butyldimethylchlorosilane and 11.5 g (170 mmol) of imidazole. The solvent is then distilled off under a high vacuum and the residue is taken up in ethyl acetate. The solution is washed with 1N sulphuric acid and then with water, and the aqueous solutions are extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The product is obtained in the form of a crystalline mass. TLC silica gel, toluene/ethyl acetate (4:1): R^ = 0.56 IR (CH2C12): 3.4, 5.57, 5.65 jim. <br><br>
1bb) 2- [ (3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxy- <br><br>
methyl)-4-methylsulphonyl-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-2-butenoic acid methyl ester 9 ml of DBU are added to a solution of 202 g (0.51 mol) of (3R,5R,6RJ-2,2-dimethyl-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-penam-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1 , 1-dioxide in 800 ml of tetrahydrofuran and the whole is stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. A further 95 ml of DBU are then added and the whole is stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 42.3 ml (0.68 mol) of methyl iodide are added while cooling. After a reaction period of 3 hours, the DBU-hydriodide that has crystallised is <br><br>
- 73 - <br><br>
0627 <br><br>
filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated. The residue is taken up in ethyl acetate and the solution is washed with IN sulphuric acid, water and bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phases are extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and the solution is concentrated to a thick oil. <br><br>
TLC silica gel, toluene/ethyl acetate (4:1): Rf = 0.42 IR (CH2C12): 5.63, 5.81, 6.17 jim. <br><br>
1 be) (3S,4R)-3-hydroxymethyl-4-methylsulphonyl-azetidin-2-one and (3S,4R)-3-(tert♦-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4 -me thy lsulphonyl-azetidin-2-one A solution of 25 g (61.7 mmol) of 2-[(3S_, 4R)-3- (tert. -butyl-diinethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-methyl-sulphonyl-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-2-butenoic acid methyl ester in 400 ml of methylene chloride is treated at -10° with an ozone/oxygen mixture. The disappearance of the starting material is monitored by thin layer chromatography. When the reaction is complete, 30 ml of dimethyl sulphide are added and the mixture is stirred for a further 3 hours at room temperature. The solution is concentrated and the residue is taken up in a mixture of 160 ml of methanol, 24 ml of ethyl acetate and 3 ml of water and heated for 40 minutes .at 70°C. The solvent is then removed and the residue is evaporated twice in the presence of toluene. The crystallising oil is taken up in methylene chloride and the crystals, consisting of (3S_, 4R) -3-hydroxy-methyl-4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one, are isolated by filtration. The filtrate is concentrated and (3S_, 4R) -3- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one is obtained in pure form by chromatography over silica gel with toluene/- <br><br>
ethyl acetate (3:1): <br><br>
(3S, 4R) -3-hydroxymethyl-4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one; <br><br>
TLC silica gel, toluene/ethyl acetate (1:1): Rf = 0.36 IR (CH2C12) : 2.96, 3. 54, 5. 61 ym. <br><br>
(3S , 4R) -3- (tert. -butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one: <br><br>
TLC silica gel, toluene/ethyl acetate (1:1): = 0.06 <br><br>
24 g (183 mmol) of tert.-butyldimethylchlorosilane and 11 g (163 mmol) of imidazole are added in the course of 45 minutes at room temperature to a solution of 14.6 g (81.5 mmol) of (3Sy4R)-3-hydroxymethyl-4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one in 40 ml of dimethyl-formamide. The solvent is then removed under a high vacuum and the residue is taken up in ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed in succession with 1N sulphuric acid, water and sodium bicarbonate solution. The aqueous phases are extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The crystalline residue is pure (3S_, 4R) -3-tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2-one. <br><br>
Example 2: <br><br>
2- [ (3S,4R) -3-tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl-4 - [5- (tetrazol-1-yl) -valeroylthio] -2-oxoazetidin-1-yl] -2-hydroxyacetic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester <br><br>
2.4 g of molecular sieve (type 4& 1/16 by Messrs Dr. Bender & Dr. Hobein AG, Zurich) are added to a mixture of 248 mg of (3£, 4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4- [5- (tetrazol- 1-yl) - valeroylthio]-azetidin-2-one and 273.5 rag of glyoxylic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester-hemiketal in 5.3 ml of <br><br>
toluene and 1.06 ml of DMF and the whole is stirred at a bath temperature of 100° under protective gas for 5 hours. After cooling, the mixture is filtered through Hyflo and the filtration residue is washed with toluene. Concentration of the filtrate by evaporation and drying at 40° under a high vacuum yields the product in the form of a yellow oil. <br><br>
TLC (silica gel) toluene/ethyl acetate (2:3): Rg = 0.31 and 0.2 <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 2.86, 5.67, 5.78, 5.96 ym. Example 3; <br><br>
2- [ (3S,4R)-3-tert.-butyl-dimethy1-silyloxymethyl-4-[5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-valeroylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester <br><br>
While stirring at -15°, to a solution of 700 mg of 2- [ (3£, 4R_) -3-tert. -butyl-dimethy 1-silyloxy-methyl-4-[5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-valeroylthio]-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester in 4.3 ml of tetrahydrofuran there are added, in succession, over a period of 10 minutes 0.13 ml of thionyl chloride and 0.25 ml of triethyl-amine. The white suspension is stirred at 0° for 1 hour and filtered through Hyflo. After washing with toluene, the residue is concentrated in a rotary evaporator and dried under a high vacuum. The residue is dissolved in 3.7 ml of dioxan, and 0.28 g of triphenylphosphine and 0.12 ml of 2,6-lutidine are added and the whole is stirred at 50° for 18 hours. The mixture is filtered through Hyflo and this residue is washed with toluene. The combined filtrates are concentrated by evaporation, and chromatography of the residue over 40 g of silica gel with toluene/ethyl acetate (4:1) yields the pure product. <br><br>
- 76 - <br><br>
TLC (silica gel) toluene/ethyl acetate (2:3): R^ = 0.28 IR (methylene chloride): 5. 72, 5.93, 6.23, 9. 1 jam. <br><br>
Example 4: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[4- (tetrazol-1-yl)-butyl]-6-tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester <br><br>
0.8 g of 2- [ (3S,4R)-3-tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl -4-[5-(tetrazol-1-yl)-valeroylthio]-2-oxoazetidin- 1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester are dissolved in 300 ml of toluene and the whole is stirred at reflux temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 1.25 hours. Concentration of the solvent by evaporation and chromatography of the residue on silica gel with the eluant toluene/ethyl acetate (2:1) yields the pure product. <br><br>
TLC (silica gel) toluene/ethyl acetate (2:3): R^ = 0.45 IR (methylene chloride): 5.62, 5.92, 6.34, 7.65 ym. <br><br>
Example 5: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester <br><br>
163 mg of (5R,6£)-2-[4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyl] -6-tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester are dissolved in 4.8 ml of absolute THF and, after cooling to -80°, under a nitrogen atmosphere 0.17 ml of acetic acid are added. 18.2 ml of a 0.1M tetrabutylammonium fluoride solution in THF are then added dropwise and the mixture is allowed to rise to room temperature and is then stirred at this temperature for 2 hours. The volume of solvent is concentrated to 2 ml in a rotary evaporator and the residue is partitioned between 25.3 mg of sodium bicarbonate in 10 ml of water <br><br>
and 10 ml of ethyl acetate. The organic phase is separated off and the aqueous phase is extracted twice more with ethyl acetate. The organic extracts are washed once more with water and dried over sodium sulphate. Concentration by evaporation under a high vacuum yields the crude product which is chromato-graphed over 10 g of silica gel with the eluant toluene/ethyl acetate (1:1). <br><br>
TLC (silica gel) toluene/ethyl acetate (2:3): = 0.12 IR (methylene chloride): 2.78, 5.62, 5.92, 6.33, <br><br>
7.65 um. <br><br>
Example 6; <br><br>
Sodium (5R,6S)-2-[4- (tetrazol-1-yl)-butyl]-6-hydroxy-methyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate <br><br>
106 mg of (5R, 6S_)-2-[4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 2-trimethylsilyl ethyl ester are dissolved in 2 ml of absolute THF and the whole is cooled to -30°. After the addition of 10 ml of tetrabutylammonium fluoride solution in THF, the temperature is increased to 0°, After stirring for 10 minutes at this temperature, 13 ml of ethyl acetate and 13 ml of water are added to the mixture. The solution is then adjusted to pH 3 by the dropwise addition of 4N HC1 in an ice bath. The aqueous phase is then separated off and the ethyl acetate phase is extracted with 10.6 ml of a 0.05M NaHCOg solution. The organic phase is extracted once more with 0.5 ml of NaHCOg (0.05M) and 4 ml of H2O. The combined aqueous phases are freed of the remaining solvent in vacuo and lyophilised. <br><br>
UV (water) *max # = 305 nm. <br><br>
Example 7; <br><br>
2- [ (3S , 4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-l-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
5 g of the silver salt of 2-[ (3S_, 4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-mercapto-2-oxoazetidin-l-yl ] -2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are dissolved in 50 ml of absolute methylene chloride, and first of all 0.99 ml of pyridine is added and then the whole is treated dropwise at 0° with a solution of 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid chloride over a period of 10 minutes. <br><br>
After stirring for one hour at 0°, the cooling bath is removed and stirring is continued for 15 minutes at room temperature. After the insoluble material has been filtered off through Hyflo, the filtrate is washed with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and then with brine, dried and concentrated by evaporation. The pure compound is obtained by chromatogaphy over silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate from 6:1 to 1:1) IR (methylene chloride): 5.71, 5.92, 6.18 ym. <br><br>
The starting material, 2-[ (3S_, 4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-mercapto-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester (silver salt), is obtained as follows: <br><br>
7aa) (3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-triphenylmethylthioazetidin-2-one <br><br>
12.5 g of triphenylmethylmercaptan are suspended in 70 ml of methanol at 0°, and a total of 2.2 g of a 50 % sodium hydride suspension in oil is added thereto in portions over a period of 10 minutes. Subsequently, an emulsion of 11.1 g of 3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl )-4-methylsulphonylazetidin-2- <br><br>
2 062 7 <br><br>
one in 70 ml of acetone and 70 ml of water are added dropwise over a period of 30 minutes. After stirring for 30 minutes at 0° and for 1 hour at room temperature, the reaction mixture is concentrated in a rotary evaporator, methylene chloride is added and the aqueous phase is separated off. The organic solution is washed with brine and dried over sodium sulphate. After concentration, the crude title compound is purified by chromatography on silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 19:1). <br><br>
TLC (toluene/ethyl acetate 19:1): R^ = 0.64 IR (methylene chloride): 2.95, 5.68, 8.95, 12.0 pm. <br><br>
7ab) 2- [ (3S , 4R) -3- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl ) -4-tr iphenylmethylthio-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid allyl ester 27 g of molecular sieve (4 &) are added to 8.4 g of (3S_, 4R) -3- (tert. -butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-triphenylmethylthioazetidin-2-one and 8.23 g of glyoxylic acid allyl ester-hemiacetal in 170 ml of absolute toluene and the whole is stirred for 10 hours at 55°. After filtration and concentration in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure, the crude product is purified by chromatography over silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 95:5). <br><br>
TLC (silica gel, toluene/ethyl acetate 10:1): Rj = 0.37 and 0.27 IR (CH2C12): 2.84, 5.68, 5.73 ym. <br><br>
7ac) 2- [ (3S , 4R) -3- (tert.-butyl-dimethy 1-silyloxy- <br><br>
methyl) -4-triphenylmethylthio-2-oxoazetidin- 1-yl] -2-tr iphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
While stirring at -15°, to a solution of 604 mg of 2- [ (3S_, 4R_) -3- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxy- <br><br>
methyl)-4-tr iphenylmethylthio-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid allyl ester in 5 ml of tetra-hydrofuran there are added, in succession, over a period of 5 minutes 80 yl of thionyl chloride and 88 yl of pyridine. The white suspension is then stirred for 1 hour at -10° and filtered through Hyflo. After washing the residue with toluene, concentration is effected in a rotary evaporator. The residue is dissolved in 3 ml of dioxan; 293 mg of triphenylphosphine and 0.13 ml of 2,6-lutidine are added and the whole is stirred at a bath temperature of 115° for 2 hours. The mixture is filtered through Hyflo and the residue is then washed with toluene. The combined filtrates are concentrated by evaporation. Chromatography of the residue over silica gel yields the pure product (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 95:5) <br><br>
TLC (silica gel, toluene/ethyl acetate 1:1): = 0.18 IR (CH2C12): 5.73, 6.23 ym. <br><br>
7ad) Silver salt of 2-[(3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-mercapto-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester 7.5 g of 2-[ (3S_,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-triphenylmethylthio-2-oxoazetidin- 1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are placed in 87 ml of ether, and at room temperature 70 ml of a 0.5M aqueous silver nitrate solution are added. A mixture of 3.6 ml of tributylamine, 0.18 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and 25 ml of ether is then added dropwise thereto and the reaction mixture is stirred for 20 minutes. The solid material is filtered with suction and washed with ether, water and again with ether. Finally for purification, the solid material is again made into a slurry in 40 ml of ether <br><br>
- 81 - <br><br>
t 0 61 <br><br>
and 40 ml of water, filtered with suction and dried. IR (CH2C12): 5.68, 6.17 ym. <br><br>
A solution of the starting material, 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid chloride, can be manufactured as follows: <br><br>
7ba) 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester <br><br>
23.7 ml of isocyanoacetic acid ethyl ester are added dropwise to 500 ml of a 1.3N hydrazoic acid (HN^) solution in benzene and the reaction mixture is then heated under reflux for 24 hours. After concentration, the crude title compound is purified by chromatography over silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 1:1). <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 3.16, 5.73, 6.80, 8.23 ym. <br><br>
7bb) 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 1ad), 25.6 g of 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid ethyl ester are reacted to form the title compound. IR (tetrahydrofuran): 5.73 ym. <br><br>
7bc) 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid chloride <br><br>
1.58 g of 2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetic acid are suspended in 27 ml of absolute methylene chloride, and 1.9 ml of 1-chloro-1-dimethylaminoisobutene (CDIB) are added. After stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, a further 0.5 ml of CDIB is added and stirring is continued for a further 90 minutes. This solution of the acid chloride [IR (methylene chloride): 3.20, 5.57 ym] is further reacted directly. <br><br>
1062 7 <br><br>
Example 8: <br><br>
2-[(3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-l-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 7, 5 g of the silver salt of Example 7ad) are reacted with a solution of 3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionic acid chloride to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.88, 5.92, 6.17 ym. <br><br>
The starting material, 3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionic acid chloride, is manufactured as follows: <br><br>
8a) 3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionic acid <br><br>
4.5 g of tetrazole are stirred for 8 hours at 90° with 4.5 ml of acrylic acid and 15 drops of pyridine. After cooling, 150 ml of water are added to the reaction mixture and the whole is acidified with HC1 (concentrated) and concentrated under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. The crystalline residue is digested three times with methyl ethyl ketone and the combined organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate. After concentration by evaporation, the crystalline residue is stirred with isopropanol/-ether and filtered off. <br><br>
NMR (DMSO-dg) : & = 3.0 (2H, t) ; 4.7 (2H, t) ; 9.5 <br><br>
(1H, s) and 8-11 ppm (1H, broad). <br><br>
8b) 3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionic acid chloride In a manner analogous to that described in Example 7bc), 1.75 g of 3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionic acid are reacted to form the title compound. <br><br>
The resulting solution is further reacted immediately. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 3.18, 5.63 um. <br><br>
Example 9: <br><br>
2- [ (3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-4-[4-(tetrazol-1-yl) -butyroylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Exampl 7, 5 g of the silver salt obtained in Example 7ad) are dissolved in 10 ml of absolute methylene chloride, 1.13 ml of pyridine are added and, after cooling to 0°, the whole is reacted with 2.61 g of 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid chloride to form the title compound. IR (methylene chloride): 5.71, 5.93, 6.17 ym. <br><br>
The starting material, 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid chloride, is manufactured as follows: <br><br>
9 a) 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid ethyl ester <br><br>
4 ml of orthoformic acid triethyl ester and 6 ml of acetic acid are added to 0.84 g of 4-aminobutyric acid ethyl ester hydrochloride and 0.9 g of sodium azide and the whole is heated under reflux for 7 hours After cooling, the reaction mixture is taken up in ethyl acetate and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, the organic phases are separated off and washed four times with aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. After washing with water and brine, the ethyl acetate phase is dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 3.16, 5.81, 6.76, 8.4 ym. <br><br>
9b) 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid <br><br>
6.65 g of 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid ethyl ester are stirred in 42.7 ml of acetic acid, 8.1 ml of <br><br>
concentrated HC1 and 17.2 ml of water for 3 hours at 100°. After cooling, the reaction mixture is concentrated three times each with toluene and ether under reduced pressure in a rotary evaporator. After drying under a high vacuum, the title compound is obtained. NMR (DMSO-dg): & = 2.3 (4H, m); 4.6 (2H, t); 8.7 <br><br>
(1H, broad) and 9.53 ppm (1H, s) . <br><br>
9c) 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid chloride <br><br>
In a manner analogous to Example 1ae), 0.31 g of 4-(tetrazol-1-yl)-butyric acid are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 3.18, 5.62 ym. <br><br>
Example 10: <br><br>
2-[(3S , 4R) -3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-[3- (1 ,2 ,4-tr iazol-1-yl)-propionylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 7, a solution of' 3-(1, 2,4-tr iazol-1-yl)-propionic acid chloride is reacted with 5 g of the silver salt described under Example 7ad) to form the title compound. IR (methylene chloride): 5.72, 5.92, 6.17 ym. <br><br>
The starting material, 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)~ propionic acid chloride, is manufactured as follows: <br><br>
10a) 3- (1 , 2,4-triazol-1-yl) -propionic acid <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 8a), 2.8 g of 1,2,4-triazole are reacted with 2.88 g of acrylic acid to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (KBr) : 3.21 , 5. 85, 6. 58 ym. <br><br>
2062 <br><br>
10b) 3-(1f2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propionic acid chloride <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 7bc), 1.72 g of 3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propionic acid are reacted to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.62 ym. <br><br>
Example 11: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[(tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -2-penero-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 4, 2.3 g of 2- [ (3S_, 4R) -3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl )-4-[2-(tr iazol-1-yl)-acetylthio]-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are reacted after heating for 25 minutes to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.60, 5.90, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
Example 12: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -2-penem-3-carboxylie acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 4, 4 g of 2-[ (3S_, 4R) -3-(tert. -butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propionylthio]-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are converted after heating for 45 minutes into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.62, 5.90, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
Example 13: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl )-2-penem-3-carboxylie acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example <br><br>
4, 3.2 g of 2-[(3S/4R )-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-[4- (tetrazol-1-yl)-butyroylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are converted after heating for 2 hours into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.62, 5.88, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
Example 14: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[2~(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example <br><br>
4, 3.2 g of 2~[(3S_,4R )-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4- [3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-propionyl-thio]-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are converted after heating for 75 minutes into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.61, 5.88, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
Example 15: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[(tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example <br><br>
5, 1.15 g of (5R, 6S_)-2-[ (tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester are reacted to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (KBr): 5.64, 5.86, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
Example 16: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 5, 1.65 g of (5R, 6S_)-2-[2-(tetrazol- 1-yl) -ethyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -2-penem-3- <br><br>
ZQ&IJZ <br><br>
carboxylic acid allyl ester are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 2.IB, 5.62, 5.88, 6.33 ym. Example 17: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propyl]-6-hydroxymethyl- <br><br>
2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 5, 1.2 g of (5R_,6S_)-2-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl) -propyl] -6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-2-penem-3-carboxy-lic acid allyl ester are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 2.77, 5.62, 5.88, 6.33 ym. Example 18: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxy-methyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 5, 2.85 g of (5R,6SJ-2-[2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl)-2-penem- <br><br>
3-carboxylic acid allyl ester are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 2.78, 5.62, 5.30, 6.35 ym. Example 19: <br><br>
Sodium salt of (5R,6S)-2-[(tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxy1ic acid <br><br>
22 mg of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium and, subsequently, 0.31 ml of tributyltin hydride are added at -10° to a solution of 310 mg of (5R,6S^ 2-[(tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester in 12 ml of absolute THF. After stirring for 25 minutes at -10°, 0.065 ml of acetic acid is added and the reaction mixture is stirred at the same temperature for 10 minutes. After <br><br>
206278 <br><br>
concentration in a rotary evaporator, the residue is taken up in water/ethyl acetate, the aqueous phase is adjusted to pH 8.5 with sodium bicarbonate and separated off. After again washing with ethyl acetate, the title compound is purified by chromatography over XAD/2 (eluant: water). The appropriate fractions are lyophilised under a high vacuum. UV (phosphate buffer pH 7.4): Xmax = 308 nm. <br><br>
Example 20: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 19, 725 mg of (5R,6SJ-2-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
DV (phosphate buffer pH 7.4): Xmax = 304 nm. <br><br>
Example 21: <br><br>
Sodium salt of (5R,6S)-2-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl)-propyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 19, 0.74 g of (5R, 6 S_) -2-[3-(tetrazol-1-yl) -propyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
UV (water): Amax = 302 nm. <br><br>
Example 22: <br><br>
Sodium salt of (5R,6S)-2-[2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-peneni-3-carboxylic acid <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 19, 0.64 g of (5R,6S_)-2-[2-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester are converted into the title compound. <br><br>
UV (phosphate buffer pH 7.4): Xmax = 303 nm. <br><br>
Example 23: <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in one of Examples 1 to 22, the following compounds can be manufactured: <br><br>
(5R,6S_, 8R)-2- [ (tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6- (1 -hydroxyethyl)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid, sodium salt, UV (phosphate buffer pH 7.4): Amax = 307 nm; <br><br>
(5R,6S,8R)-2-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid, sodium salt, UV (phosphate buffer pH 7.4): Xmax - 308 nm. <br><br>
Example 24: <br><br>
2- [ (3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4- [2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetylthio]-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl] -2-tr iphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester (see Example 7) can also be manufactured as follows: <br><br>
24a) 2-[(3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-chloroacetylthio-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl] -2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 7, 30 g of the silver salt of 2-[ (3S_, 4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-mercapto-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are reacted with 5.04 ml of chloroacetyl chloride to form the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.71, 5.95, 6.19 ym. <br><br>
24b) 2-[(3S,4R)-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-acetylthio]-2-oxo-azetidin-1-yl] -2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester <br><br>
■ ■ ■ &.Q 6 7i 7 <br><br>
- 90 - <br><br>
0.68 g of 2- [ (3S_, 4R) -3- (tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -4-chloroacetylthio-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester are dissolved in 5 ml of DMF, and 91 mg of tetrazole-sodium are added. After stirring for 16 hours, the reaction mixture is taken up in water/ethyl acetate. The organic phase is separated off, dried and concentrated. The product is purified by chromatography over silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 1:1). <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.71, 5.92, 6.18 ym. <br><br>
Example 25: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[(tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl )-2-penem-3-carboxylie acid allyl ester <br><br>
(see Example 11) can also be manufactured as follows: <br><br>
25a) (5R,6S)-2-chloromethyl-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester <br><br>
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 4, 0.341 g of 2-[(3£, 4RJ-3-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl )-4-chloroacetylthio-2-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-triphenylphosphoranylideneacetic acid allyl ester (see Example 24a)) are converted after heating for 45 minutes into the title compound. <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.60, 5.86, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
25b) (5R,6S)-2-[tetrazol-1-ylmethy1]-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -2-penem-3-car boxylie acid allyl ester 0.4 g of (5R,6S_)-2-chloromethyl-6-(tert.-butyl-dimethyl-silyloxymethyl) -2-penem-3-carboxylic acid allyl ester are dissolved in 5 ml of DMF, and 91 mg of <br><br>
/ <br><br>
" . , Z.-. <br><br>
."""N <br><br>
- 91 - <br><br>
tetrazole-sodium are added. After stirring for 16 hours, the reaction mixture is taken up in water/ethyl acetate. The organic phase is separated off, dried and concentrated. The product is purified by chromatography over silica gel (eluant: toluene/ethyl acetate 9:1). <br><br>
IR (methylene chloride): 5.60, 5.90, 6.33 ym. <br><br>
Example 26: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2-[2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid 1-ethoxycarbonyloxyethyl ester <br><br>
1.2 g of sodium iodide are dissolved in 3.7 ml of acetone, and 0.275 ml of ethyl-1-chloroethyl carbonate are added. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solution is then added dropwise to 15.0 ml of methylene chloride and the inorganic salts that are formed are filtered off. The methylene chloride solution is concentrated to 2 ml and, at 0°, is added to a solution of 0.3 g of (5R, 6S_)-2-[ (2R,S_) - 2-( tetrazol-1 -yl) -ethyl ] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid in 4 ml of dimethylacetamide. The mixture is then stirred for 3 hours at 0°, <br><br>
diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water. The organic phases are dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The crude product is purified over 10 g of silica gel using ethyl acetate as eluant. The title compound is obtained in the form of a white foam. <br><br>
IR spectrum (methylene chloride): absorption bands at <br><br>
5.59, 5.75 ym. <br><br>
©62'/ 8 <br><br>
Example 27: <br><br>
(5R,6S)-2- [ (2R,S)-2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxy-methyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid pivaloyloxymethyl ester <br><br>
0.6 g of sodium iodide are dissolved in 2 ml of acetone, and 0.15 ml of pivalic acid chloromethyl ester are added. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours and then added dropwise to 7.5 ml of methylene chloride. The inorganic salts that are formed are filtered off. The methylene chloride solution is concentrated to 1 ml and, at 0°, added to a solution of 0.1 g of (5R,6S_)-2-[ (2R,£)-2-(tetrazol-1-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and 0.07 ml of diisopropylethylamine in 4 ml of N,N-dimethylacetamide. <br><br>
Stirring is then carried out at 0° for 3 hours, and the whole is then diluted with ethyl acetate and washed three times with water. The organic phase is dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. The crude product is purified over 10 g of silica gel using ethyl acetate as eluant. The title compound is obtained in the form of a white foam. IR spectrum (methylene chloride): absorption bands at <br><br>
5.59 and 5.78 ym. <br><br>
Example 28: <br><br>
Dry ampoules or phials containing 0.5 g of sodium (5R, 6S_) -2- [ 4- (tetrazol - 1-yl) -butyl ] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylate as active ingredient are manufactured as follows: <br><br>
Composition (for 1 ampoule or phial): <br><br>
active ingredient mannitol <br><br>
0.5 g 0.05 g <br><br></p>
</div>
Claims (16)
1. 2-Heterocyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds of the formula<br><br> H<br><br> —CHl/V^^Wvy 1<br><br> H<br><br> JJ<br><br> V I<br><br> R<br><br> -(CH2)m-R4<br><br> (I)<br><br> in which<br><br> Rj represents hydrogen or methyl,<br><br> r2 represents an optionally protected hydroxy group,<br><br> R3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy<br><br> V'<br><br> R^ represents an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic azaheterocyclyl radical that is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(CH„) -, and m is an<br><br> 2 m —<br><br> integer from 1 to 4,<br><br> and salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers.<br><br>
2. Compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 in which Rj represents hydrogen or methyl, /'•?<br><br> 1(n<br><br> ,/f ><br><br> o ';>-<br><br> ^.<br><br> - 95 -<br><br> 1*2 represents hydroxy or protected hydroxy,<br><br> represents carboxy or protected carboxy R3' /<br><br> especially esterified carboxy R31 that can be cleaved under physiological conditions, R4 represents a monocyclic, optionally partially saturated 5-membered heteroaryl radical that has from 1 to 4 ring nitrogen atoms and is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(CH2)m- or a corresponding partially saturated 6-membered heteroaryl radical having from 1 to 3 ring nitrogen atoms, these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halogen, mercapto, lower alkylthio, phenylthio, lower alkyl, hydroxy-lower alkyl, lower alkoxy-lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, amino-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, amino, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkyleneamino, lower alkanoylamino, carboxy,<br><br> lower alkoxycarbonyl, optionally N-mono- or N,N-di-lower alkylated carbamoyl, cyano, sulpho or sulphamoyl, phenyl that is optionally substituted by lower alkyl, nitro, lower alkoxy and/or by halogen, cycloalkyl, nitro, oxo and/or oxido, and m is an integer from 1 to 4, and salts of compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, and optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers.<br><br>
3. Compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 in which R^ represents a monocyclic 5-membered aza-, diaza-, triaza- or tetraza-cyclic radical of aromatic character bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(CH2)m~r or a corresponding dihydro radical, or a corresponding partially saturated 6-membered aza-, diaza- or triaza-cyclic heteroaryl radical, such as a corresponding dihydro or tetrahydro radical, this radical being<br><br> 206278<br><br> - 96 -<br><br> unsubstituted or substituted as defined in claim 2.<br><br>
4. Compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 in which R4 represents 1-pyrrolyl or dihydro-1-pyrrolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl or halogen, 1-imidazolyl or 1-pyrazolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4- or 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl or phenyl, 1- or 2-tetrazolyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl, di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl or amino, dihydro-1-pyridyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo and, optionally, additionally by halogen, dihydro-1-pyridimidinyl that is unsubstituted or substituted by oxo and, optionally, additionally by lower alkyl, amino, di-lower alkylamino or carboxy, or dihydro- or tetrahydro-1-triazinyl optionally substituted by lower alkyl and/or oxo.<br><br>
5. Compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 in which Rj represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents hydroxy, R3 represents carboxy, lower alkanoyloxymethoxycarbonyl or 1-lower alkoxycarbonyloxy-lower alkoxycarbonyl, R^ represents lH-tetrazol-1-yl or 2H-tetrazol-2-yl optionally substituted by amino,<br><br> lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl, sulpho-lower alkyl or di-lower alkylamino-lower alkyl, or 1,2,4-triazol-l-yl optionally substituted by lower alkyl, carboxy-lower alkyl or phenyl, and m represents an integer from 1 to 4, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, and optical isomers of compounds of the formula I 'and-mixtures of these optical isomers. ^<br><br> 2062 7g<br><br> 97<br><br>
6. (5R, 6S_) -Configured compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 in which Rj represents hydrogen, R2 represents hydroxy, R3 represents carboxy, R4 represents IH-tetrazol-1-yl or 1H-1,2,4-triazol-l-yl, and m represents an integer from 1 to 4, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of the formula I.<br><br>
7. (5.R, 6S_)-2-[4-( IH-tetrazol-1 -yl) -butyl] -6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to patent claim 1.<br><br>
8. (5R, 6S_) -2- [ (tetrazol-1-yl)-methyl]-6-hydroxy-methyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to patent claim 1.<br><br>
9. (5R,6S)-2-12-(tetrazol-1-yl) -ethyl]-6-hydroxy-methyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to patent claim 1.<br><br>
10. (5R, 6S_)-2- [3- (tetrazol- 1-yl) -propyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to patent claim 1.<br><br>
11. (5R,6S)-2-[2-(1,2,4-tciazol-l-yl)-ethyl]-6-hydroxymethyl-2-penem-3-carboxylic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to patent claim 1.<br><br> 20&278<br><br> 98<br><br>
12. Pharmaceutical preparations containing compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds that have salt-forming groups.<br><br>
13. Use of compounds of the formula I according to patent claim 1 and of pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds that have salt-forming groups for the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations.<br><br>
14. Process for the manufacture of compounds of the formula in which Rj represents hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents an optionally protected hydroxy group, R3 represents carboxy or protected carboxy £3', R4 represents an optionally substituted unsaturated, monocyclic azaheterocyclyl radical that is bonded via a tertiary ring nitrogen atom to the radical -(Ch«) and m is an<br><br> 2 m —<br><br> integer from 1 to 4, and salts of such compounds of the formula I that have a salt-forming group, optical isomers of compounds of the formula I and mixtures of these optical isomers, characterised in that<br><br> R* H<br><br> H<br><br> (I)<br><br> R<br><br> 3<br><br> a) an ylide compound of the formula<br><br> - 99 -<br><br> ©(<br><br> U<br><br> Rn H H II ,<br><br> I f |/-c_(CH2)m-R4<br><br> R2-CH<br><br> .N<br><br> c/ \® -X®<br><br> (II) f<br><br> V<br><br> in which R^, R2, R^1,!^ and m have the meanings given under formula I, a hydroxy group R2 and any functional groups which may additionally be present in the radical R4 preferably being in protected form, Z represents oxygen or sulphur and X® represents either a trisubstituted phosphonio group or a diesterified phosphono group together with a cation, is cyclised,<br><br> or b)<br><br> a compound of the formula<br><br> Ri<br><br> H<br><br> R2-CH l/\AAA *<br><br> V<br><br> H<br><br> /v/wv^^S-C- ( CH^ ^4<br><br> N<br><br> \<br><br> C=0<br><br> (III) ,<br><br> V<br><br> in which R^f R2, **3'' R4 an(3 HL have the meanings given under formula Ir and a hydroxy group R2 and any functional groups which may additionally be present in the radical R^ preferably being in protected form, is treated with an organic compound of trivalent phosphorus, or<br><br> 206278<br><br> 100<br><br> c) a compound of the formula r.<br><br> h h<br><br> O<br><br> I \ \/<br><br> (IV),<br><br> 2S<br><br> in which R^, R2, R3' and m have the meanings given above, and Q represents a reactive esterified hydroxy group, is reacted with an agent that introduces the azaheterocyclyl radical R^,<br><br> and, if desired or necessary, in a resulting compound of the formula I a protected hydroxy group R2 is converted into a free hydroxy group, and/or, if desired, in a resulting compound of the formula I a protected carboxy group R3 1 is converted into the free carboxy group or into a different protected carboxy group R3', and/or, if desired, other protected functional groups in the radical R^ are converted into the free functional groups, and/or, if desired, in a resulting compound of the formula I a radical R4 is converted into a different radical r4, and/or, if desired, a resulting compound having a salt-forming group is converted into a salt, or a resulting salt is converted into the free compound or into a different salt, and/or, if desired, a resulting mixture of isomeric compounds is separated into the individual isomers.<br><br>
15. The compounds according to claim 1 when obtained by the process of claim 14.<br><br>
16. Compounds of the c 1 - T -<br><br> having the (5R, 6S)-c<br><br> </p> </div>
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CH667082 | 1982-11-16 |
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NZ206278A true NZ206278A (en) | 1986-05-09 |
Family
ID=4313181
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NZ206278A NZ206278A (en) | 1982-11-16 | 1983-11-15 | 2-heterocyclyl-lower alkyl-6-hydroxy-lower alkyl-2-penem compounds and pharmaceutical compositions |
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Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0110826B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS59101492A (en) |
KR (1) | KR840006665A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE29031T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU569264B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD215551A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3373098D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK522783A (en) |
ES (2) | ES8605525A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI76348C (en) |
GR (1) | GR79072B (en) |
HU (1) | HU192827B (en) |
IE (1) | IE56236B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL70232A (en) |
NO (1) | NO834189L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ206278A (en) |
PH (1) | PH21930A (en) |
PT (1) | PT77658B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA838462B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
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US4794109A (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1988-12-27 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | 6-hydroxy-lower alkylpenem compounds, pharmaceutical preparations that contain these compounds, and the use of the latter |
EP0148128A3 (en) * | 1983-12-30 | 1985-08-07 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Optically active penem compounds |
GB8416651D0 (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1984-08-01 | Erba Farmitalia | Penem derivatives |
US4617300A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-10-14 | Schering Corporation | 2(N-heterocyclyl) penems |
GB8509180D0 (en) * | 1985-04-10 | 1985-05-15 | Erba Farmitalia | Penem derivatives |
US4891369A (en) * | 1986-12-03 | 1990-01-02 | Taiho Pharmaceutical Company, Limited | 2β-Substituted-methylpenicillanic acid derivatives, and salts and esters thereof |
EP0275233A1 (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-20 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | 2-Heterocyclylalkyl-2-penem compounds |
IT1262908B (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1996-07-22 | Menarini Farma Ind | PENEMS DERIVATIVES; THEIR PREPARATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPOSITIONS THAT CONTAIN THEM |
DE102014117978A1 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | Werth Messtechnik Gmbh | Apparatus and method for measuring workpieces |
DE102015121582A1 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-16 | Werth Messtechnik Gmbh | Method and device for measuring features on workpieces |
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US4168314A (en) * | 1977-11-17 | 1979-09-18 | Merck & Co., Inc. | 6-(1'-Hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethylthio-pen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid |
EP0003960B1 (en) * | 1978-02-02 | 1983-06-29 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | 6-substituted thia-aza-compounds, their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
JPS5625110A (en) * | 1978-12-18 | 1981-03-10 | Bristol Myers Co | Antibacterial |
IT1193922B (en) * | 1979-02-24 | 1988-08-31 | Erba Farmitalia | ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS AND BETA INHIBITORS - LACTAMASE AND THEIR PREPARATION |
EP0109362A1 (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1984-05-23 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Hetereocyclic compounds, process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use |
EP0125207A1 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1984-11-14 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | 2-Tetrazolylpropyl-2-penem derivatives, process for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use |
-
1983
- 1983-11-08 PH PH29799A patent/PH21930A/en unknown
- 1983-11-10 EP EP83810519A patent/EP0110826B1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-10 DE DE8383810519T patent/DE3373098D1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-10 AT AT83810519T patent/ATE29031T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-11 FI FI834139A patent/FI76348C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-11-14 ZA ZA838462A patent/ZA838462B/en unknown
- 1983-11-14 DD DD83256670A patent/DD215551A5/en unknown
- 1983-11-14 IL IL70232A patent/IL70232A/en unknown
- 1983-11-14 JP JP58212651A patent/JPS59101492A/en active Pending
- 1983-11-14 PT PT77658A patent/PT77658B/en unknown
- 1983-11-15 ES ES527292A patent/ES8605525A1/en not_active Expired
- 1983-11-15 DK DK522783A patent/DK522783A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-11-15 HU HU833928A patent/HU192827B/en unknown
- 1983-11-15 IE IE2673/83A patent/IE56236B1/en unknown
- 1983-11-15 KR KR1019830005448A patent/KR840006665A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1983-11-15 NO NO834189A patent/NO834189L/en unknown
- 1983-11-15 NZ NZ206278A patent/NZ206278A/en unknown
- 1983-11-15 GR GR72989A patent/GR79072B/el unknown
- 1983-11-15 AU AU21388/83A patent/AU569264B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1985
- 1985-05-28 ES ES543556A patent/ES8609335A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE832673L (en) | 1984-05-16 |
AU569264B2 (en) | 1988-01-28 |
EP0110826A1 (en) | 1984-06-13 |
HU192827B (en) | 1987-07-28 |
FI834139A (en) | 1984-05-17 |
IL70232A0 (en) | 1984-02-29 |
NO834189L (en) | 1984-05-18 |
ES543556A0 (en) | 1986-09-01 |
ES527292A0 (en) | 1986-03-16 |
DK522783D0 (en) | 1983-11-15 |
JPS59101492A (en) | 1984-06-12 |
DK522783A (en) | 1984-05-17 |
FI76348B (en) | 1988-06-30 |
DE3373098D1 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
IE56236B1 (en) | 1991-05-22 |
PH21930A (en) | 1988-04-08 |
FI76348C (en) | 1988-10-10 |
ES8609335A1 (en) | 1986-09-01 |
EP0110826B1 (en) | 1987-08-19 |
IL70232A (en) | 1988-03-31 |
DD215551A5 (en) | 1984-11-14 |
GR79072B (en) | 1984-10-02 |
ES8605525A1 (en) | 1986-03-16 |
KR840006665A (en) | 1984-12-01 |
ATE29031T1 (en) | 1987-09-15 |
PT77658B (en) | 1986-05-12 |
ZA838462B (en) | 1984-06-27 |
AU2138883A (en) | 1984-05-24 |
PT77658A (en) | 1983-12-01 |
FI834139A0 (en) | 1983-11-11 |
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