NO864466L - SCREWING SYSTEM FOR RECYCLING, FOR THE PREPARATION OF FREE ROOMS IN BUILDING MATERIALS. - Google Patents

Abstract

The casing system contains at least one filling element filled with liquid that can be laid inside a reinforcement of a building material, such as concrete, in the form of a hose (2). After hardening, the hose (2) can be withdrawn from the hardened concrete and used again. During hardening it can be connected with a vibrating device (30). Additional filling elements (50) can be placed on the hose and removed once the building material has been hardened. In this way there are created branched or unbranched free spaces which can be used to receive power lines, water and gas conduits but also as air ventilation or evacuation ducts or as air conditioning ducts. In addition, they may be used as required as irrigation or water drainage channels.

Description

The invention relates to a formwork system for re-use, for the production of free spaces in a building material, comprising at least one filler body filled with a medium and closed at one end, which is passed through the building material and which determines the free space to be formed, as the filling the body after hardening of the building material, for reuse can be removed from the hardened building material while the free space remains.

When manufacturing building parts, namely parts of a building or certain building elements, there is a need to incorporate free spaces or cavities, for example for laying cables in the building material before it sets or hardens. It is known, for example, to lay plastic pipes in a building material such as concrete before it hardens. This has the disadvantage that such plastic pipes are inextricably connected to the building body so that the plastic pipes are lost and are not available for recycling.

From DE 32 40 166 it is known to use an inflatable hose to create such free spaces or cavities. The hose is closed at one end and can be connected at the other end to a pressure medium source, for example a compressed air generator. The hose is laid and inflated to a predetermined internal pressure before the building material is placed. After placing and curing the building material and releasing the internal pressure, the hose can be removed from the building material and thus used again.

The invention aims to solve the task of producing a formwork system that can be used several times, of the type mentioned at the outset, for the production of free spaces in building materials, which can be used for the production of free spaces of various shapes, i.e. both on a construction site and also in prefabrication of building parts.

The invention further aims to produce a formwork system of the initially mentioned type which can be used again, for the production of free spaces in building materials, with which the hardening of the building material is increased and which provides free spaces with a particularly smooth surface without thereby

affect the system's reusability.

According to the invention, this task is solved by the filling body being formed by at least one hose which is filled with liquid, the open end of which is connected to a filling and emptying valve.

The use of hoses filled with liquid has the advantage that even a locally limited compression of the hose during the hardening of the building material is prevented through the incompressible liquid. By the tight fitting of the building material to be hardened against the liquid-filled hose or hoses, a particularly uniform and smooth surface is formed on the free spaces or cavities that are formed. At the same time, however, the liquid filling makes it possible for vibrations for compaction of the building material to be developed by initiating oscillations of the liquid-filled hose.

Advantageously, the vibrations are produced by a reciprocating piston which acts immediately on the liquid in a liquid-filled hose or in a supply line to which several hoses are connected in parallel with each other.

In order to achieve a better adaptation of the hoses to pre-given shapes of the free spaces, for example arches and the like, and to safely exclude the risk of kinks or constrictions, it is appropriate to insert a screw compression spring into the hose. This screw pressure spring has the further important advantage that the hose does not collapse when a negative pressure is applied for emptying, but is supported by the screw pressure spring. Thereby, the construction rafts between the solid building material and the hose are lowered very strongly so that the removal of the hose from the formed free space or cavity is considerably facilitated.

Advantageously, in places where the free space or cavity is to be connected to the outer surface of a building material, the hose has a further filling body which is releasably connected at one end to the liquid-filled hose by means of a clamping device and which, after hardening the building material and removing it liquid-filled hose, can be pulled out and used again. In this way, a further free space or cavity is obtained which branches off from the cavity formed by the liquid-filled hose and which opens into the outer surface or surface of the building material.

The laying of the hoses in the building material can be facilitated in the case of reinforced building materials such as concrete by equipping the reinforced building material with distance-keeping devices, respectively guide elements for the hose. This ensures that the hose occupies the desired position at all times and that this position does not change when filled with liquid and during the hardening of the building material.

Embodiments of the invention are "shown in the drawing and are described below individually on the basis of reference numbers. The drawings show in figure 1 schematically and in perspective an embodiment of the formwork system for reuse according to the invention for the production of free spaces in connection with a reinforcement for construction with concrete, figure la shows another arrangement of the guide elements for the hoses filled with liquid in the formwork system for reuse according to figure 1 figure 2 schematically shows a vibrating device at the formwork system for reuse according to figure 1, figure 3 shows a modified version of a hose in a liquid-filled state at the formwork system for re-use according to figure 1, figure 4 shows the hose in figure 3 in an empty state when connected to a negative pressure source, figures 5 and 6 show a side view, respectively a floor plan of an additional filler body for use with the formwork system for re-use according to figure 1 and Figure 7 shows a plan view of a modified embodiment of the exterior more likely the fill-body according to Figure 6.

The formwork system for re-use for the production of free spaces or cavities can be used in different ways and in connection with different building materials. The embodiment of the formwork system for reuse is shown in Figure 1 in connection with a reinforcement 10 for concrete as a building material. Such a formwork system for re-use is used, for example, in the production of a concrete deck which is to be equipped with several free spaces that are essentially parallel to each other and run through the concrete deck, or

cavity.

An essential part of the formwork system for re-use according to Figure 1 is a filling body 1 which consists of several essentially parallel running hoses 2, one end of which is closed with a venting valve 3 according to Figure 2 and whose open ends are connected to a common supply joint -ning 4. The common supply line 4 is via a branch 5 connected to a filling and emptying valve 6 of ordinary construction and to a vibrating device 30 described below, in connection with Figure 2. The common supply line 4 also has a safety or overpressure relief valve 7 which independently relieves the filling body 1 from an unacceptably high internal pressure.

The filling body 1, respectively the hoses 2, are embedded in a formwork 8 of ordinary construction for concrete and this formwork 8 is therefore not shown in detail. The filling body 1, respectively the hoses 2, consist of rubber or plastic or another material which is not attacked by concrete and which, in relation to the internal pressures that occur, has sufficient compressive strength, but is however flexible to be able to follow deformations. In special cases, the filler body can also be coated in a known manner with a perforated foil which, when the filler body 1 is removed, adheres to the stiffened or hardened building material.

In the embodiment shown, the reinforcement 10 is arranged for a concrete deck. This reinforcement 10 consists of a first, lower steel mat 11 and a second, upper steel mat 12 which are arranged at a distance from each other in essentially parallel running and are kept at a distance from each other by means of spacers, respectively guide elements 13. The spacers thereby form the guide element 13 for the hoses 2 which either run through the guide elements 13 or between guide elements 13 arranged next to each other, the guide elements 13 forming different rows 14 of successively arranged guide elements 13. The spacers, respectively the guide elements 13 ensure that the hoses 2 run in the desired way and practically do not changes their location during the concrete's compaction or

curing.

The spacers, respectively the guide elements 13, are made of springy material, in particular rebar, so that they can be mounted particularly easily. In the embodiment shown, each guide element 13 consists of two angle elements 15 and an angle element arranged in the middle between them, which is designed as a locking element 16. Depending on the circumstances and the requirements for the relevant purpose of use, however, a different numerical ratio between the angle elements 15 and the locking elements 16 are selected.

The angle elements 15 and the snap-in element 16 essentially enclose a right angle that is adapted to the individual use cases, respectively the distances that may exist in the reinforcing steel mat 11. In detail, the snap-in element 16 is designed in such a way that it snaps into two adjacent elements lia and 11b in the reinforcing steel mat 11. The angle elements 15 and the locking element 16 are connected to each other at their tips by means of a brace in the form of a steel rod 17 and near their free ends by braces in the form of steel rods 18.

The free ends of the angle elements 15 all have a protective device which in the embodiment shown consists of plastic parts 15a. The free ends of the angle elements 15 stand with the plastic parts 15a on the formwork 8. In this way, the plastic parts 15 not only prevent the penetration of the free ends of the angle elements 15 into the formwork 8, which is usually made of wood, but also prevent corrosion of the angle elements 15 on the projecting free ends.

The snap-in element 16 has on its free ends a snap-in part 16a which creates the snap-in connection between the spacer, respectively the guide element 13 and the first reinforcing iron mat 11. In the embodiment shown, the snap-in parts 16a are formed by hook-shaped bent free ends of the snap-in part 16. In another embodiment the snap-in parts 16a can also be formed by angled snap-in parts of the snap-in element 16. With this, the free ends are bent at an angle such that after snapping into the neighboring elements 1a and 11b in the first reinforcing iron mat 11, they do not run parallel to this mat 11, but are aligned in a angle to this mat.

For assembly, the spacer or the guide elements 13 are pressed together so that the free ends of the locking elements 16 are guided with the locking parts 16a between the neighboring elements 1a and 11b in the first reinforcing iron mat 11, the plastic parts 15a of the angle elements 15 thereby standing on the formwork 8. When released, the locking parts 16 of the locking element 16 grip under the neighboring elements lia and 11b in the first reinforcing iron mat 11. When the free ends of the latching element 16 are bent to the latching parts 16a, these latching parts 16a are arranged on a plane above the formwork 8 so that the first reinforcing iron mat 11 is lifted from the formwork 8 after the arrangement of the spacers and guide elements 13 The design of the locking parts 16a ensures that the spacers, respectively the guide elements 13, when loading the reinforcement 10 on the side of the second reinforcing iron mat 12, are kept securely connected to the first reinforcing iron mat 11. the latching elements 16 do not lead to a separation of the latching parts 16a from the associated elements 11a and 11b in the first reinforcing iron mat 11.

In the built-in state of the spacers, respectively the guide elements 13, each neighboring element 11a and 11b in the reinforcing iron plate 11 is located between the locking element's corresponding locking part 16a and the corresponding steel rod 18 which connects the angle elements 15 and the locking element 16 with each other near their free ends.

For further reinforcement, the spacers, respectively the guide elements 13 can have additional steel rods 19 which connect each spacer element 13's neighboring angle element 15 either laterally or diagonally with each other in the area between the tip and the free ends. The iron mat 12 of the second armer can be connected in the usual way to the tips of the spacers, respectively the guide elements 13.

Figure 1a shows another arrangement of the spacers, respectively the guide elements 13, where neighboring locking elements 16 are connected to each other via hook-shaped bent locking parts 16a and with common reinforcing bars 20 in a reinforcement which, for example, runs vertically in a column or the like.

The vibrating device 30 and its connection with the open end 31 of a single hose, corresponding to the hose 2, is shown schematically in Figure 2. The vibrating device can be connected in a similar way, see Figure 1, to the branch 5 of the common supply line 4 to the hoses 2. The open end 31 is sealingly connected to a cylinder 32 in which a piston 33 is moved sealingly back and forth. The piston 33 is via a turnover device 34 in drive connection with a drive motor 35. The drive motor 35 can, for example, be an electric motor or also an internal combustion engine whose speed can preferably be changed steplessly. The conversion device 3 4 contains an eccentric E with which the impact movement of the piston 33 can be adjusted preferably continuously.

With the help of the drive motor 35, the piston 33 in the cylinder 32 is moved back and forth with a frequency given by the speed of the drive motor 35 set at all times, while the movement of the piston 33 is set. with the eccentric E. When the supply line 4 and the parallel connected hoses 2 are filled with a liquid, e.g. water, oscillations are produced by the movement of the piston 33 in the cylinder 32, which causes vibrations in the concrete surrounding the hoses 2 and which favors the concrete's firmness, respectively through-hardening . With the stepless setting of the piston's movement and the drive motor's 35 revolutions, the vibrations can easily be adapted to the most favorable working conditions at any given time. With a corresponding setting, resonance or natural oscillations are thereby avoided. In this connection, a combined pressure-frequency display device F shows the pressures and frequencies that arise from the vibrations.

The previously described formwork system for reuse works in the following way.

After laying the reinforcement 10, the hoses are laid

2 which is connected by a common supply line 4 in the

individual spacers, respectively guide elements 13, respectively between spacers arranged next to each other, respectively guide elements 13. The open end of the branch 5 is connected sealingly to the cylinder 32 of the vibrating device 30. The entire system is then filled with a liquid, for example water via the filling and the emptying valve 6, as it is ensured by means of the venting valves 3 that the system is completely vented before it is put into use. After filling the concrete, the vibrating device 30 is affected, as this can be brought to the pre-set frequency of the piston 33 so quickly that areas with critical self-oscillations can be driven through quickly and without harmful side effects.

After the predetermined vibration time, which is for example determined by the type of concrete and arrangement of the reinforcement 10, the vibrating device 30 is disconnected and the plant is emptied via the filling and emptying valve 6 after the venting valve 3 has been opened. The hoses 2 can then be easily removed from the attached or hardened concrete and are thus available for reuse. It has thus been shown that the hoses 2 can be pulled out of the free spaces or cavities formed at any time without difficulty, in particular the walls of the free spaces or cavities formed are uniform or smooth so that such free spaces or cavities are suitable as through pipes not only for for example electrical or other supply lines, but by supplying corresponding additives that make the concrete waterproof, are also immediately suitable as water channels. Such free spaces, or cavities, can be designed in the same way in concrete decks and concrete walls.

The previously described embodiment of the formwork system for re-use is described in connection with the production of a concrete deck with free spaces or cavities. Such a formwork system for reuse can be used in the same way and with the same advantages for the production of free spaces or cavities in concrete walls and other concrete building parts. With the same advantages, it can also be used in conjunction with other building materials that adhere or harden, as long as a bond does not occur between the building material and the hose, respectively the hoses, which can be ensured by corresponding selection of hose material. In the same way and with the same advantages, the formwork system for reuse can also be used for prefabrication of building elements made of concrete or other building materials that harden or set. It can thus be used in a very simple way and by saving otherwise strikingly significant costs for conduit pipes, also for ducts for air supply and air extraction, respectively heating and cooling, especially when using waterproof concrete or the like also for water-carrying ducts. The formwork system for re-use can be used with great advantage precisely in buildings with large surfaces or prefabricated building parts where hose lines up to approx. 100 meter length can be used to great advantage.

A modified version of a hose for liquid filling is shown filled with liquid in Figure 3 and in an empty state in Figure 4. These figures show only one hose 41 corresponding to the hoses 2 in Figure 1, while all hoses 2 in Figure 1 can be designed in this way.

The hose 41 in figures 3 and 4 is sealed at one end with a plug 42, the plug 42 can have a venting valve corresponding to the venting valve 3 in figure 2. In this embodiment, the open end of the hose 41 is immediately connected sealingly to a filling and emptying valve 43 The filling and emptying valve 43 can, however, also be designed similarly to the filling and emptying valve 6 in Figure 1. The filling and emptying valve 43 connects in a first position, namely the filling position, the interior of the hose 41 via a first bore 44 with a source for a pressurized liquid. In the second position shown, the filling and emptying valve 43 is closed and the interior of the hose 41 is blocked to the outside. In a third position, namely the emptying position, the filling and emptying valve 43 connects the interior of the hose 41, via a second bore 45, with a conventional negative pressure source, for example a suction pump which serves to empty the hose 43, see Figure 4. A device as described above , without vibrating device 30 can be used in connection with a building material such as flowable concrete that does not require vibration during compaction or hardening. Likewise, with the formwork system for re-use according to figure 1, vibrating devices 30 can be omitted if flowable concrete is used as building material. The branch 5 can thereby be connected directly to the filling and emptying valve 6.

A screw compression spring 46 with a relatively large length of movement is guided through the hose 41 over a substantial part of its length. The presence of the screw pressure spring 46 not only prevents the hose 41 from breaking or narrowing under load, but also prevents the hose 41 from breaking or narrowing when it is not to be laid in a straight line, but for example in curves or around corners.

The screw compression spring 46 conveniently has an outer diameter in the range of 5% to 25%, that is to say one twentieth to one quarter of the inner diameter of the hose 41. As shown in detail in Figure 4, the hose 41 collapses after emptying and under the influence of the negative pressure of the negative pressure source, but is supported against the windings of the helical pressure spring 46. In this way, the hose 41 detaches itself from the formed free space or cavity and stands in the area of the coils of the screw pressure spring 46 in relatively loose contact with the wall. In this way, the hose 41, respectively by using screw pressure springs 46 1 the hoses 2, in the formwork system shown in Figure 1, all hoses 2, can pull out of the formed free spaces or cavities with practically no problems.

Figures 5 and 6 show a side view, respectively a ground plan of a further filler body 50 which can be used with the formwork system's filler body 1 in Figure 1 to produce branches from the free spaces or cavities that are formed by the filler body 1.

The further filling body 50 has a first end 51 which always faces a hose 52 corresponding to the hose 2 in figure 1 or the corresponding hose 41 in figure 3. From this end 51 extends a clamping device of two springy arc-shaped clamps 53 which lie opposite each other and between them defines an opening 54 for receiving the hose 52. Each individual, springy clamp 53 thereby extends beyond the central axis 55 of the hose 52 so that the free ends 56 of the springy clamps 53 have a distance that is smaller than the diameter of the hose 52 filled with liquid state. In the embodiment shown, the resilient clamps 53 have the shape of a circular arc, but may however have any other shape suitable for achieving the releasable clamp connection with the liquid-filled tube 52.

The further filling body 50 has a second end 57 which faces away from the resilient clamps 53 with an area 58 that expands outwards, that is in a direction facing away from the resilient clamps 53. In this area 58, filling has - the body 50 generally cone-shaped or conical-shaped. Advantageously, this area 58 has several steps 59 with which the filling body 50 better adheres to the building material that is compressed or hardened, for example concrete. The additional filling body 50 is, as can be seen in particular from Figure 6, a hollow body with an inner hollow space 60. In this hollow space 60, an inwardly projecting step or shoulder 61 is arranged for installation of a suitable tool with which the additional filling - the body 50 after compaction or hardening can be pulled out of the concrete material, leaving a further free space or cavity. This additional free space or cavity forms a branch which starts from the free space or cavity and which is formed by the associated hose 52 and extends up to the surface of the building part or building element which is formed by the building material.

Figure 7 shows a polygonal, especially square design of the second end 57a, respectively of a further filling body 50a's outwardly expanding area 58a which can be used instead of the further filling body 50 and if not shown the first end is designed corresponding to the further filling -body 50. In the same way, additional filler bodies can also be used with other perimeter shapes where the individual circumstances require this.

Claims (29)

1. Formwork system for reuse, for the production of free spaces in a building material that adheres, with at least one filler body filled with a medium and closed at one end, which is passed through the building material and which determines the free space to be formed, as the filler body after fixing the building material can be removed from the fixed building material for reuse, with the free space remaining, CHARACTERIZED BY the filler body (1) is formed by at least one fluid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) whose open end (53) ) is closed with a filling and emptying valve (6, 43). 2. System according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT a screw pressure spring (46) is passed through at least one liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52), over a significant part of its length. 3. System according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the screw compression spring (46) has an outer diameter corresponding to one twentieth to one quarter of the inner diameter of the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52). 4. System according to claims 1-3, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the filling and emptying valve (6, 43) can optionally be connected to a source of negative pressure, and that the hose (41) is connected to the source of negative pressure after attachment of building material and before removal from the attached building material. 5. System according to claims 1-4, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the open end of the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) is connected to a vibrating device (30). 6. System according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT at least one liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) is connected to the vibrating device (30) in parallel with the filling and emptying valve (6, 43). 7. System according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED BY the fact that the vibrating device (30) is sealingly connected to a piston (33) moving back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) in a cylinder (32) to an attachment (5) of the hose, and has a drive device for reciprocating movement of the piston (33). 8. System according to claim 7, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the drive device is a drive motor (35) and has a turnover device (34) with which the drive motor (35) is in drivable connection with the piston (33). 9. System according to claim 8, CHARACTERIZED BY the turnover device (34) containing an eccentric (E). 10. System according to claims 5-9, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the drive device can be adapted to the present operating conditions by stepless control with regard to the pressure determined by the movement of the piston, by setting the piston bearing, and with regard to the reciprocation of the piston (33) movement frequency, when setting the speed of the drive motor (35). 11. System according to claims 1-10, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT at least one hose (2, 41, 52) has a venting valve (3) at the closed end. 12. System according to claims 1-11, CHARACTERIZED IN that at least one hose (2, 41, 52) over its length has an overpressure relief valve (7) which is activated at a given pressure. 13. System according to claims 1-12, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT at least one further filling body (50) is releasably connected with at least one hose (2, 41, 52). 14. System according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the additional filling body (50) has a clamping device at its first end (51) for releasable connection with the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52). 15. System according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the clamping device consists of at least two springy clamps (53) which extend from the first end (51) of the filling body (50) to beyond the overlying sides, over the liquid-filled hose's (2, 41, 52) central axis (55), and determines an opening (54) for receiving the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52), and that the high ends (56) of the spring clamps (53) have a distance that is smaller than the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) diameter. 16. System according to claims 13-15, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the further filling body (50) forms a second end (57) which faces away from the resilient clamps (53) and that the second end (57) is designed with an expanding area (58), and that the expanding area (58) has several steps (59) in its circumference. 17. System according to claim 16, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the further filling body (50) forms a hollow body and has an inwardly projecting step (6.1). 18. System according to claims 1-17, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT guide elements (13) for the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) are arranged in a reinforcement (10) for building materials. 19...System according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the guide elements (13) for the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) consist of several successively arranged guide elements (13) which can be connected by snapping into a first reinforcement mat (11 ) as part of the reinforcement (10), and that the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) runs through the successively arranged guide elements (13). 20. System according to claim 18, CHARACTERIZED BY the fact that the liquid-filled hose (2, 41, 52) runs between rows (14) arranged next to each other with several guide elements (13) arranged one after the other which can be connected snappingly to a first mat ( 11) of the reinforcement (10) and keeps the first mat (11) and the second mat (12) of the reinforcement (10) at a distance from each other. 21. System according to claims 13-20, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT each guide element (13) consists of several angle elements (15) and at least one locking element (16) of springy material which are connected to each other at their tips and near their free ends, and that each guide element's (13) locking elements (16) at each free end have a locking part (16a) for locking connection with the first mat (11). 22. System according to claim 21, CHARACTERIZED IN that the locking parts (16a) are formed by the bent free ends of the locking elements (16). 23. System according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT each latching part (16a) forms a hook-shaped bent latching part. 24. System according to claim 22, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT each latching part (16a) forms an angled latching part which, in the built-in state, extends at an angle directed to the first mat (11). 25. System according to claims 21-24, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the locking parts (16a) of the locking elements (16) are locked into the neighboring elements (lia, 11b) of the first mat (11), and that the elements (lia, 11b) are arranged between the associated snap-in part (16a) and an associated stiffener (18) connecting the angle elements (15) and the snap-in elements (16) to each other near their free ends. 26. System according to claims 22-25, CHARACTERIZED IN that the angle elements (15) of each guide element (13) extend beyond the free ends of the locking elements (16) and have a protective device on each free end. 27. System according to claims 18-26, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the angle elements (15) and each guide element's (13) locking elements (16) are connected to each other in the area of the tips and the free ends. 28. System according to claims 5-27, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the filling body (1) consists of several hoses (2) connected in parallel to a common supply line (4), and that the vibrating device (30) is connected to the common supply line (4 ). 29. System according to claims 1-28, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT the filling body (1) is coated with a perforated foil.