NO841378L - Smelteovn - Google Patents
SmelteovnInfo
- Publication number
- NO841378L NO841378L NO841378A NO841378A NO841378L NO 841378 L NO841378 L NO 841378L NO 841378 A NO841378 A NO 841378A NO 841378 A NO841378 A NO 841378A NO 841378 L NO841378 L NO 841378L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- molten glass
- electrodes
- mass
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006066 glass batch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 claims 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001914 calming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/26—Outlets, e.g. drains, siphons; Overflows, e.g. for supplying the float tank, tweels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/08—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates
- C03B37/09—Bushings, e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement means; Spinnerettes; Nozzles; Nozzle plates electrically heated
- C03B37/092—Direct-resistance heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/02—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating
- C03B5/027—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in electric furnaces, e.g. by dielectric heating by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating
- C03B5/0275—Shaft furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/18—Stirring devices; Homogenisation
- C03B5/183—Stirring devices; Homogenisation using thermal means, e.g. for creating convection currents
- C03B5/185—Electric means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B7/00—Distributors for the molten glass; Means for taking-off charges of molten glass; Producing the gob, e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact
- C03B7/08—Feeder spouts, e.g. gob feeders
- C03B7/094—Means for heating, cooling or insulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40585182A | 1982-08-06 | 1982-08-06 | |
| US06/512,067 US4528013A (en) | 1982-08-06 | 1983-07-11 | Melting furnaces |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO841378L true NO841378L (no) | 1984-04-06 |
Family
ID=27019265
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO841378A NO841378L (no) | 1982-08-06 | 1984-04-06 | Smelteovn |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4528013A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0115509B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS59501357A (de) |
| AR (1) | AR231960A1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU562137B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1207534A (de) |
| DD (1) | DD216707A5 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE3378630D1 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK137084A (de) |
| EG (1) | EG16542A (de) |
| ES (2) | ES524691A0 (de) |
| FI (1) | FI841282A0 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUT38287A (de) |
| IN (1) | IN159076B (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1163878B (de) |
| NO (1) | NO841378L (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1984000746A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4491951A (en) * | 1983-07-11 | 1985-01-01 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Electric glass melting furnace |
| EP0248099A1 (de) * | 1986-06-05 | 1987-12-09 | Sorg GmbH & Co. KG | Glasschmelzofen, insbesondere für Faserglas, mit elektrischer Beheizung und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Faserglasschmelzofens |
| DE3810782A1 (de) * | 1988-03-30 | 1989-10-12 | Bayer Ag | Vorrichtung zur gleichmaessigen beheizung von spinnschmelzen |
| WO1998011029A1 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 1998-03-19 | Owens Corning | Process and apparatus for producing streams of molten glass |
| US5961686A (en) | 1997-08-25 | 1999-10-05 | Guardian Fiberglass, Inc. | Side-discharge melter for use in the manufacture of fiberglass |
| DE10057285B4 (de) * | 2000-11-17 | 2004-07-08 | Schott Glas | Einschmelzvorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Erzeugung hoch-UV-transmittiver Gläser |
| US20090277226A1 (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-11-12 | Santangelo Salvatore R | Modular melter |
| JP6011451B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-14 | 2016-10-19 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | フィーダー |
| TWI764952B (zh) * | 2016-11-08 | 2022-05-21 | 美商康寧公司 | 用於形成玻璃製品之設備及方法 |
| GB2583093B (en) * | 2019-04-15 | 2021-05-12 | Glassflake Ltd | A system and method for melting materials |
| FR3109810B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-30 | 2022-09-09 | Saint Gobain Isover | Four à fort rendement énergétique |
| CN111847844B (zh) * | 2020-08-14 | 2022-05-24 | 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 | 一种减小玻璃液温差的铂金通道 |
| CN112142295B (zh) * | 2020-10-23 | 2022-06-21 | 蚌埠中光电科技有限公司 | 一种适用于高世代电子显示玻璃的铂金通道 |
| CN113800763A (zh) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-12-17 | 南京琅璃材料有限公司 | 一种用于连续微晶玻璃纤维的直接拉丝装置 |
Family Cites Families (39)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1059634A (en) * | 1909-08-30 | 1913-04-22 | Luis W Proeger | Method of feeding molten glass to molds. |
| US1761342A (en) * | 1929-02-04 | 1930-06-03 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Apparatus for making sheet glass |
| US2018884A (en) * | 1933-11-11 | 1935-10-29 | Fairmount Glass Works Inc | Electric glass furnace |
| US2000278A (en) * | 1934-05-18 | 1935-05-07 | Fairmount Glass Works Inc | Electric furnace |
| US2276295A (en) * | 1940-06-14 | 1942-03-17 | Ferguson John | Electric glass melting furnace |
| US2413037A (en) * | 1943-09-18 | 1946-12-24 | Corning Glass Works | Electric glass melting furnace |
| US2490339A (en) * | 1946-09-30 | 1949-12-06 | Corning Glass Works | Electric glass melting furnace and process |
| US2600490A (en) * | 1947-04-21 | 1952-06-17 | Corning Glass Works | Glass melting method |
| US2591708A (en) * | 1947-08-25 | 1952-04-08 | Lubatti Eugenio | Electric glass furnace |
| US2523030A (en) * | 1948-10-30 | 1950-09-19 | Glass Fibers Inc | Electric glass furnace |
| US2899476A (en) * | 1956-10-25 | 1959-08-11 | Method of and furnace for melting and refining glass | |
| US2951316A (en) * | 1956-11-05 | 1960-09-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Process for molding massive bodies of glass having high strength |
| BE552630A (de) * | 1956-11-06 | |||
| US2993079A (en) * | 1957-04-15 | 1961-07-18 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Electric heating method and apparatus for uniformly heating glass |
| US2919297A (en) * | 1957-04-18 | 1959-12-29 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Means of controlling electric currents in a furnace forehearth |
| US3246124A (en) * | 1962-07-02 | 1966-04-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Voltage magnitude and temperature control in a heated device |
| NL299496A (de) * | 1962-11-05 | |||
| GB1167233A (en) * | 1966-04-25 | 1969-10-15 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Apparatus for Melting Glass by Passing Current therethrough |
| US3326655A (en) * | 1966-06-01 | 1967-06-20 | Harvey L Penberthy | Gob temperature control |
| US3395237A (en) * | 1967-05-03 | 1968-07-30 | Harold S. Orton | Electric resistance furnace |
| US3583861A (en) * | 1968-04-08 | 1971-06-08 | Corning Glass Works | Method and apparatus for refining fusible material |
| US3649231A (en) * | 1968-09-18 | 1972-03-14 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for producing fibers with environmental control |
| US3628930A (en) * | 1969-10-28 | 1971-12-21 | Johns Manville | Method and apparatus for preparing molten material into glass fibers |
| GB1319060A (en) * | 1969-12-20 | 1973-05-31 | Elemelt Ltd | Furnaces for heating glass |
| BE750821A (fr) * | 1970-05-22 | 1970-11-03 | Verlica Momignies S A | Four de verrerie, |
| US3757020A (en) * | 1970-05-28 | 1973-09-04 | Toledo Eng Co Inc | Electric glass furnace structure |
| US3836689A (en) * | 1972-07-19 | 1974-09-17 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Electric glass furnace with zone temperature control |
| US3912477A (en) * | 1973-01-05 | 1975-10-14 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for processing glass batch material |
| US3942968A (en) * | 1974-11-11 | 1976-03-09 | Nikolaus Sorg Gmbh & Co. | Method and apparatus for melting and subsequently refining glass |
| US3983309A (en) * | 1975-05-16 | 1976-09-28 | Johns-Manville Corporation | Primary electrode arrangement for high temperature melting furnace |
| US3997316A (en) * | 1976-01-19 | 1976-12-14 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Use of crossed electrode pairs in a glassmaking furnace |
| US4143232A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1979-03-06 | Corning Glass Works | Furnace having different electrode immersions to control convection currents, the shape, elevation and stability of the fusion zone |
| US4194077A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1980-03-18 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Batch sensor for glass-melting furnaces |
| US4211887A (en) * | 1978-10-25 | 1980-07-08 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Electrical furnace, zones balanced with a symmetrically tapped transformer |
| US4246433A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-20 | Toledo Engineering Co., Inc. | Square glass furnace with sidewall electrodes |
| DE2935416C2 (de) * | 1979-09-01 | 1984-04-05 | Sorg-GmbH & Co KG, 8770 Lohr | Verfahren zum gleichmäßigen Beheizen eines Glasstromes in einem Speiser und Einrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
| DE3017374C1 (de) * | 1980-05-07 | 1982-08-26 | Eglasstrek Patent Promotion & Awarding GmbH, 6203 Hochheim | Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Glasfasern |
| US4365986A (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1982-12-28 | Corning Glass Works | Furnace delivery system |
| FR2638253B2 (fr) * | 1988-10-26 | 1993-02-05 | Milovanovich Andre | Une nouvelle transmission dans le traitement d'images en photographie dans le sens general et applications |
-
1983
- 1983-07-11 US US06/512,067 patent/US4528013A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-07-22 IN IN918/CAL/83A patent/IN159076B/en unknown
- 1983-07-26 DE DE8383902515T patent/DE3378630D1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-07-26 JP JP58502615A patent/JPS59501357A/ja active Pending
- 1983-07-26 HU HU833281A patent/HUT38287A/hu unknown
- 1983-07-26 EP EP83902515A patent/EP0115509B1/de not_active Expired
- 1983-07-26 AU AU18273/83A patent/AU562137B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1983-07-26 WO PCT/US1983/001137 patent/WO1984000746A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1983-07-29 IT IT22358/83A patent/IT1163878B/it active
- 1983-08-03 EG EG481/83A patent/EG16542A/xx active
- 1983-08-03 ES ES524691A patent/ES524691A0/es active Granted
- 1983-08-04 AR AR293809A patent/AR231960A1/es active
- 1983-08-05 DD DD83253754A patent/DD216707A5/de unknown
- 1983-08-05 CA CA000433990A patent/CA1207534A/en not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-02-29 DK DK137084A patent/DK137084A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-03-30 FI FI841282A patent/FI841282A0/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1984-04-06 NO NO841378A patent/NO841378L/no unknown
- 1984-08-14 ES ES535123A patent/ES8600726A1/es not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES535123A0 (es) | 1985-10-16 |
| IT1163878B (it) | 1987-04-08 |
| ES8502956A1 (es) | 1985-02-01 |
| HUT38287A (en) | 1986-05-28 |
| ES8600726A1 (es) | 1985-10-16 |
| FI841282A (fi) | 1984-03-30 |
| IN159076B (de) | 1987-03-21 |
| IT8322358A0 (it) | 1983-07-29 |
| DK137084A (da) | 1984-04-05 |
| WO1984000746A1 (en) | 1984-03-01 |
| AR231960A1 (es) | 1985-04-30 |
| DD216707A5 (de) | 1984-12-19 |
| EG16542A (en) | 1988-01-31 |
| CA1207534A (en) | 1986-07-15 |
| US4528013A (en) | 1985-07-09 |
| ES524691A0 (es) | 1985-02-01 |
| EP0115509A1 (de) | 1984-08-15 |
| FI841282A0 (fi) | 1984-03-30 |
| DK137084D0 (da) | 1984-02-29 |
| AU562137B2 (en) | 1987-05-28 |
| DE3378630D1 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| AU1827383A (en) | 1984-03-07 |
| JPS59501357A (ja) | 1984-08-02 |
| EP0115509B1 (de) | 1988-12-07 |
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