NO810922L - PROCEDURE AND TASK RATE FOR MANUFACTURING OPTRONICALLY COVERED TASKS. - Google Patents
PROCEDURE AND TASK RATE FOR MANUFACTURING OPTRONICALLY COVERED TASKS.Info
- Publication number
- NO810922L NO810922L NO810922A NO810922A NO810922L NO 810922 L NO810922 L NO 810922L NO 810922 A NO810922 A NO 810922A NO 810922 A NO810922 A NO 810922A NO 810922 L NO810922 L NO 810922L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- fog
- salts
- stated
- primary
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polysiloxanes Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]ethanol Chemical compound OCCC1=CC=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1 RILZRCJGXSFXNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 9
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 4
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 claims 3
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 3
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013905 glycine and its sodium salt Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001348 alkyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQPHBYQUCKHJLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5-pentabromo-6-(2,3,4,5,6-pentabromophenyl)benzene Chemical group BrC1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1Br AQPHBYQUCKHJLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDIPTWFVPPPURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cyclamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 UDIPTWFVPPPURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021346 calcium silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
- F41H9/06—Apparatus for generating artificial fog or smoke screens
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Description
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse angår optronisk dekkendeThe present invention relates to optronic coverage
tåker, nærmere bestemt slike som absorberer og reflekterer stråler i radarstråleområdet og IR-området. fogs, specifically those that absorb and reflect rays in the radar beam range and the IR range.
Tåker i henhold til teknikkens stand har alt i alt den ulempe at de ikke er istand til pålitelig å kamuflere de gjen-stander som skal beskyttes, mot å oppdages av infrarødt-siktapparater eller radaranlegg. Fogs according to the state of the art have, all in all, the disadvantage that they are not capable of reliably camouflaging the objects to be protected from being detected by infrared sight devices or radar systems.
Det er særlig ønskelig med en absorpsjon i områdetIt is particularly desirable to have absorption in the area
3-14 ym. 3-14 etc.
Den foreliggende oppfinnelse løser denne oppgave ved anvendelse av en i og for seg kjent primærtåke på basis av halogengivere, metallpulvere og oksyder eller på basis av rødt fosfor, idet der i denne primærtåke dispergeres en sekundærtåke av organiske eller anorganiske syrer eller disses ammonium-, The present invention solves this task by using a primary mist known per se on the basis of halogen donors, metal powders and oxides or on the basis of red phosphorus, where in this primary mist a secondary mist of organic or inorganic acids or their ammonium,
alkali- eller jordalkalimetallsalter eller mikroballonger. alkali or alkaline earth metal salts or microballoons.
Primærtåkene er i og for seg kjente tåker, se f.eks.The primary nebulae are well-known nebulae in and of themselves, see e.g.
DE patentskrift 2 451 701 og US patentskrift 3 471 345 som beskriver blandinger av halogengivere og metallpulvere og oksyder, eller DE patentskrift 2 048 583 og US patentskrift 3 607 472 som anvender rødt fosfor. DE patent 2 451 701 and US patent 3 471 345 which describe mixtures of halogen donors and metal powders and oxides, or DE patent 2 048 583 and US patent 3 607 472 which use red phosphorus.
I en slik primærtåke blir der ifølge oppfinnelsen frembragt en annen aerosol. Herunder forener partiklene i to systemer seg, og der fås legemer med en størrelse på større eller lik 8 ym som utøver en vesentlig økt absorbsjonsvirkning i det bølge-lengdeområde som er aktuelt. Under absorbsjon forstås her summen av spredning, refleksjon og absorbsjon. According to the invention, another aerosol is produced in such a primary fog. Below this, the particles in two systems unite, and bodies with a size greater than or equal to 8 ym are obtained which exert a significantly increased absorption effect in the relevant wavelength range. Absorption here means the sum of scattering, reflection and absorption.
Det er av spesiell fordel at man kan gå ut fra kjente tåkeblandinger og modifisere disse etter behov, f.eks. ved anvendelse av sekundærpartikler å fremstille partikler med ønsket diameter ved hjelp av aglomerering. It is of particular advantage that one can start from known fog mixtures and modify these as required, e.g. by using secondary particles to produce particles of the desired diameter by means of agglomeration.
Denne forening eller aglomerering finner sted når der som sekundærsats anvendes stoffer som enten er tilbøyelige til elektrisk polarisering og elektrostatisk oppladning med motsatt ladning av metallhalogenidtåken eller er reaktive i forhold til sterke syrer som saltsyre (anhydrolyserte metallhalogenider). This association or agglomeration takes place when substances are used as a secondary charge which are either prone to electrical polarization and electrostatic charging with the opposite charge of the metal halide mist or are reactive in relation to strong acids such as hydrochloric acid (anhydrolysed metal halides).
Begge virkninger kan naturligvis fordelaktig foreligge samtidig. Naturally, both effects can advantageously be present at the same time.
Overraskende nok er det sågar mulig å suspendere faststoff-partikler i primær- eller bærertåken. Forholdet mellom bærergass- volumet og faststoffvekten bestemmer herunder utstrekningen og bestandigheten av tåken. Disse tåker er overraskende stabile og oppnår en vesentlig langvarigere svevetilstand enn hva man teoretisk ville anta. Antagelig spiller her elektrostatiske oppladninger en avgjørende rolle. Surprisingly, it is even possible to suspend solid particles in the primary or carrier fog. The ratio between the carrier gas volume and the solid weight determines the extent and persistence of the fog. These fogs are surprisingly stable and achieve a significantly longer hovering state than what one would theoretically assume. Presumably, electrostatic charges play a decisive role here.
Som primærtåke kan man fortrinnsvis anvende slike av halogengivere, metallpulvere og oksyder eller på basis av rødt fosfor. Tåkeblandinger av væskeformede, langsomt hydrolyserende metallhalogenider er særlig fordelaktige. Som holdepunkt kan følgende sammensetning angis: As primary fog, one can preferably use those of halogen donors, metal powders and oxides or on the basis of red phosphorus. Mist mixtures of liquid, slowly hydrolyzing metal halides are particularly advantageous. As a starting point, the following composition can be stated:
40 - 60 % halogengiver40 - 60% halogen donor
20 - 45 % metall/metalloksyd20 - 45% metal/metal oxide
8 - 12 % aluminium8 - 12% aluminium
2 - 4 % avbrannmoderatorer.2 - 4% fire moderators.
Som varmereaksjon benyttes her omsetningen mellom aluminium og halogengiver. Egnede metaller er The reaction between aluminum and halogen donor is used here as a heat reaction. Suitable metals are
silisium, tinn, zink, jern, titan,silicon, tin, zinc, iron, titanium,
kobber, zirkonium,copper, zirconium,
som også kan anvendes som legeringer eller som oksyder.which can also be used as alloys or as oxides.
Som halogengivere kan der hovedsakelig anvendes heksakloretan, As halogen donors, mainly hexachloroethane can be used,
kloralkaner,chloroalkanes,
difluortetrakloretan,difluorotetrachloroethane,
dekabromdifenyl,decabromodiphenyl,
polyvinylklorid.polyvinyl chloride.
Egnede avbrannmoderatorer er stoffer som katalyserer ned-brytningen av halogengiveren, f.eks. kobber-, jern-, krom- og vanadiumoksyder. Suitable fire moderators are substances which catalyze the breakdown of the halogen donor, e.g. copper, iron, chromium and vanadium oxides.
Som sekundærtåke har følgende stoffer vist seg spesielt virksomme: Organiske eller anorganiske syrer eller disses ammonium-, alkali- eller jordalkalisalter, organiske estere av anorganiske syrer, mikroballonger eller plastpartikler. The following substances have proven particularly effective as secondary fog: Organic or inorganic acids or their ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth salts, organic esters of inorganic acids, microballoons or plastic particles.
Blant de anorganiske stoffer foretrekkes salter hvis anion og kation består av flere atomsorter, f.eks. 1) ammoniumsalter av svovel-, fosfor-, vanadium og wolframsyrer. 2) ammoniumsalter av fluorkiselsyre og fluorborsyre. Among the inorganic substances, preferred are salts whose anion and cation consist of several types of atoms, e.g. 1) ammonium salts of sulfuric, phosphoric, vanadium and tungstic acids. 2) ammonium salts of fluorosilicic acid and fluoroboric acid.
Av estrene kan spesielt nevnes aromatiske fosforsyreestere, Of the esters, aromatic phosphoric acid esters can be mentioned in particular,
alifatiske kiselsyrsestere og aromatiske svovelsyreestere.aliphatic silicic acid esters and aromatic sulfuric acid esters.
På grunn av at de er lett tilgjengelig og har utpreget absorbsjonsvirkning, er følgende stoffer egnet som plaster: fluorerte høymolekylære hydrokarboner, fenolharpikser, Because they are readily available and have a pronounced absorption effect, the following substances are suitable as plasters: fluorinated high molecular hydrocarbons, phenolic resins,
polykarbonater,polycarbonates,
polysiloksanerpolysiloxanes
som kan fremstilles i ønskes kornstørrelse og fordeling. Videre kan der anvendes mikroballonger av glass, keramikk, fenolharpikser og polykarbonater. which can be produced in the desired grain size and distribution. Furthermore, microballoons made of glass, ceramics, phenolic resins and polycarbonates can be used.
De organiske eller anorganiske støv som i prinsipp ogsåThe organic or inorganic dust which in principle also
kan anvendes, kan riktignok også blåses med liten densitet og tilsvarende diameter og god effekt. De har imidlertid den ulempe at de har høyere synkehastigheter. Denne ulempe kan oppheves ved anvendelse av de ovennevnte mikrohullegemer. Disse mikroballonger, som har en ideell kuleform og spesifikke overflater på ca. can be used, can of course also be blown with a low density and corresponding diameter and good effect. However, they have the disadvantage that they have higher sinking speeds. This disadvantage can be eliminated by using the above-mentioned microhole cells. These microballoons, which have an ideal spherical shape and specific surfaces of approx.
0,3 - 0,4 m 2 /g samt en partikkeldensitet på 0,1 - 0,3 g/cm 3, oppviser en tydelig lavere synkehastighet enn de nevnte støv. 0.3 - 0.4 m 2 /g as well as a particle density of 0.1 - 0.3 g/cm 3 , exhibit a clearly lower sinking rate than the aforementioned dust.
Mens frembringelsen av primærtåken foregår på kjent måte, dvs. ved avbrenning av den fortettede masse, kan sekundærtåken fremstilles ved sublemering, idet reaksjonsvarmen av primærtåken kan utnyttes, og ved blåsing med pyrotekniske kaldgassgeneratorer, idet sekundærtåken enten kan være bestanddel av gassgenerator-massen eller blåses ut på en av de kjente måter. While the production of the primary fog takes place in a known manner, i.e. by burning the condensed mass, the secondary fog can be produced by sublimation, as the heat of reaction of the primary fog can be utilized, and by blowing with pyrotechnic cold gas generators, as the secondary fog can either be a component of the gas generator mass or blown out in one of the known ways.
Blandingen av de to tåkeskyer finner sted som følge av den turbulens som oppstår ved avbrenning av primærtåken og utmatingen av sekundærtåken. Det er derfor også nærliggende at begge tåke-kilder avbrennes tett ved siden av hinannen. The mixing of the two fog clouds takes place as a result of the turbulence that occurs during the burning of the primary fog and the discharge of the secondary fog. It is therefore also obvious that both fog sources burn close to each other.
En ytterligere ønsket virkning som imidlertid ikke er ubetinget nødvendig for infrarødtdekning, opptrer ved reaksjonen av de beskrevne salter med den hydrogenhalogenidsyre som oppstår ved hydrolysen av metallhalogenidene. Herunder opptrer der en omlagring under dannelse av relativt svakt dissosierte syrer med liten giftighet og nøytrale salter. Da disse reaksjoner ofte er svakt eksoterme, fås der i tillegg til den utpregede absorbsjon en lett emisjon av skyen. Derved oppstår skyer med særlig fordelaktig tonevirkning i forhold til varmebildeapparater, da en avgrensning av tåkeskyen i forhold til omgivelsene ofte ikke lenger er mulig, dvs. at der ikke foreligger noen kontrast. A further desired effect which, however, is not absolutely necessary for infrared coverage, occurs in the reaction of the described salts with the hydrogen halide acid which occurs during the hydrolysis of the metal halides. Underneath, there is a rearrangement with the formation of relatively weakly dissociated acids with little toxicity and neutral salts. As these reactions are often weakly exothermic, in addition to the pronounced absorption, a slight emission of the cloud is obtained. This results in clouds with a particularly advantageous tonal effect compared to thermal imaging devices, as a demarcation of the fog cloud in relation to the surroundings is often no longer possible, i.e. there is no contrast.
Denne kontrastdannelse er en særlig ulempe ved utblåste skyer ifølge teknikkens stand. This contrast formation is a particular disadvantage of blown-out clouds according to the state of the art.
EksemplerExamples
1) Et varmebildeapparat (WBG) med en optikk og en detektor for 8-14 ym-området og en temperaturoppløsning på 0,2°C ble måleteknisk slik utstyrt at det var mulig både med en frem-visning på en billedskjerm og en frembringelse og digital ut-regning av mål- og omgivelsestemperatur ved sammenlignings-målinger med en referansestråler. 1) A thermal imager (WBG) with an optic and a detector for the 8-14 ym range and a temperature resolution of 0.2°C was equipped with measurement technology in such a way that it was possible both with a display on a picture screen and a production and digital calculation of target and ambient temperature by comparison measurements with a reference radiator.
Ved en målavstand på 150 m og en måltemperatur på 35°C ble der mellom mål og WBG fremstilt forskjellige tåkeskyer hvis absorbsjonsvirkninger ble fastlagt måleteknisk. At a target distance of 150 m and a target temperature of 35°C, different fog clouds were produced between the target and WBG, the absorption effects of which were determined by measurement techniques.
Ved en gjennomstrålt skikttykkelse på 5-10 m og en vind-hastighet på 3-6 m/s utgjorde den beregnede tåkekonsentrasjon foran målet 0,8 - 1,2 g/m 3. With a transmitted layer thickness of 5-10 m and a wind speed of 3-6 m/s, the calculated fog concentration in front of the target was 0.8 - 1.2 g/m 3.
Fig. 1 viser transmisjons/tidskurven for to mål for et pyroteknisk primærtåkesystem med følgende sammensetning: Fig. 1 shows the transmission/time curve for two targets for a pyrotechnic primary fog system with the following composition:
75 % kloralkan 70 % Cl75% chloroalkane 70% Cl
5 % aluminium,5% aluminium,
10 % kalsiumsilisid10% calcium silicide
10 % silisiumpulver10% silicon powder
Transmisjonen I/Iq oppnår ingen brukbare verdier, dvs. verdier på 0 - 0,1. 2) Med den samme målanordning og under de samme betingelser ble forskjellige sekundærtåker oppsvellet, fordampet eller blåst opp. The transmission I/Iq does not achieve any usable values, i.e. values of 0 - 0.1. 2) With the same target device and under the same conditions, different secondary fogs were inflated, evaporated or inflated.
Den midlere transmisjon er anført i tabell 1. The average transmission is listed in table 1.
Transmisjonen nådde i ingen av tilfellene verdier som betydde en fullstendig absorbsjon av målstrålingen. En typisk transmisjonskurve for natrium-cykloheksylsulfamat er vist på In none of the cases did the transmission reach values that meant a complete absorption of the target radiation. A typical transmission curve for sodium cyclohexylsulfamate is shown in
fig. 2.fig. 2.
3) Fig. 3 viser kurven for en kombinasjonståke' ifølge oppfinnelsen av den pyrotekniske tåke som er beskrevet i eksempel 1, og et ammoniumborat i masseforhold på 2:1. 3) Fig. 3 shows the curve for a combination mist' according to the invention of the pyrotechnic mist described in example 1, and an ammonium borate in a mass ratio of 2:1.
Transmisjonen oppnådde verdier på mindre enn 0,1, hvorved der synergistiske virkning er bevist. Lignende resultater ble også oppnådd med de andre sekundærtåker. The transmission achieved values of less than 0.1, whereby synergistic action is proven. Similar results were also obtained with the other secondary nebulae.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803012405 DE3012405A1 (en) | 1980-03-29 | 1980-03-29 | COMBINATION FOG |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO810922L true NO810922L (en) | 1981-09-30 |
Family
ID=6098841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO810922A NO810922L (en) | 1980-03-29 | 1981-03-18 | PROCEDURE AND TASK RATE FOR MANUFACTURING OPTRONICALLY COVERED TASKS. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0037515A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3012405A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK44381A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO810922L (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3147850C2 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1984-06-14 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Broadband camouflage nebula |
| FR2573858B1 (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1989-06-16 | Lacroix E Tous Artifices | PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR MASKING WITH A SMOKE MATERIAL OF A TARGET SUCH AS A TANK |
| FR2560371B1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1989-03-31 | France Etat Armement | PROCESS OF OCCULTATION OF VISIBLE AND INFRARED RADIATION AND SMOKE AMMUNITION IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
| FR2560186B1 (en) * | 1982-07-27 | 1987-06-05 | France Etat Armement | PYROTECHNIC COMPOSITION GENERATING OPAQUE SMOKE WITH INFRARED RADIATION AND FUMIGENE AMMUNITION OBTAINED |
| DE3238444C2 (en) * | 1982-10-16 | 1986-10-30 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Pyrotechnic smoke packs |
| DE3238455C2 (en) * | 1982-10-16 | 1987-03-05 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | Smoke grenades |
| DE3443778A1 (en) * | 1983-04-05 | 1988-05-19 | Haley & Weller Ltd | Pyrotechnic mixture for producing a radiation barrier screen, process for its preparation and device for discharging a pyrotechnic mixture |
| DE3641443A1 (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-06-09 | Huels Troisdorf | Method for prolonging the visibility-impairing effect of artificial fogs containing solid particles |
| DE3800521C1 (en) * | 1987-02-19 | 1994-07-28 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Process for shielding stationary or moving target objects |
| DE4016854A1 (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 1991-11-28 | Diehl Gmbh & Co | Camouflage and swap device |
| FR2669625B1 (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1994-06-03 | Giat Ind Sa | EFFECTIVE MASKING MATERIAL IN THE INFRARED FIELD. |
| DE4230826C1 (en) * | 1992-09-15 | 1994-03-03 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Camouflage method for protecting a military object and camouflage particles for its implementation |
| DE4242729C2 (en) * | 1992-12-17 | 1995-10-05 | Dornier Gmbh | Sham goal |
| DE4327976C1 (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-01-05 | Buck Chem Tech Werke | Flare charge for producing decoys |
| DE10013398A1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2001-09-20 | Comet Gmbh Pyrotechnik Appbau | Pollutant-free colored smoke, consists of fine metallic particles which absorb light, and whose size can be altered. |
| DE102004018862A1 (en) * | 2004-04-19 | 2005-11-03 | Diehl Bgt Defence Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and device for producing an infrared panel radiator |
| DE102009049003A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-06-16 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Plastic-bound pyrotechnic mixture for the production of alkali metal chloride or alkaline earth metal chloride aerosols as camouflage mist |
| FR3020059B1 (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2017-09-01 | Nexter Munitions | POT OF FUMIGENE COMPOSITION |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR733973A (en) * | 1932-03-22 | 1932-10-14 | Pyrotechnische Fabriken Ag Deu | Process for obtaining smoke-producing bodies giving off white or colored smoke and irritating or toxic products |
| GB1008576A (en) * | 1962-02-09 | 1965-10-27 | Gert Buck | Smoke producing composition |
| SE300773B (en) * | 1966-07-13 | 1968-05-06 | Foersvarets Fabriksverk | |
| US3724382A (en) * | 1971-09-23 | 1973-04-03 | Ensign Bickford Co | Caseless smoke grenade including polyvinyl chloride binder |
| GB1424523A (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1976-02-11 | Albright & Wilson | Phosphorus-containing compositions |
-
1980
- 1980-03-29 DE DE19803012405 patent/DE3012405A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1981
- 1981-01-30 DK DK44381A patent/DK44381A/en unknown
- 1981-03-18 NO NO810922A patent/NO810922L/en unknown
- 1981-03-24 EP EP81102212A patent/EP0037515A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3012405A1 (en) | 1981-10-01 |
| EP0037515A2 (en) | 1981-10-14 |
| EP0037515A3 (en) | 1982-09-15 |
| DK44381A (en) | 1981-09-30 |
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