NO810785L - PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LOW-viscous COPOLYMER LATEX WITH HIGH-DISTRIBUTION CONTENT - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LOW-viscous COPOLYMER LATEX WITH HIGH-DISTRIBUTION CONTENTInfo
- Publication number
- NO810785L NO810785L NO810785A NO810785A NO810785L NO 810785 L NO810785 L NO 810785L NO 810785 A NO810785 A NO 810785A NO 810785 A NO810785 A NO 810785A NO 810785 L NO810785 L NO 810785L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- monomer
- added
- acrylate
- weight
- total
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 95
- -1 acrylate ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 41
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 39
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OATJAVOPQXQREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-phenylprop-2-enyl)pyrrolidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=C)N1CCCC1 OATJAVOPQXQREB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Heptene Chemical compound CCCCCC=C ZGEGCLOFRBLKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=CC2=C1 IANQTJSKSUMEQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLIDVCMBCGBIEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-penten-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C=C JLIDVCMBCGBIEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGHFDIIVVIFNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methyl-3-buten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=C)C(C)=O ZGHFDIIVVIFNPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-ene Chemical compound CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl sulfide Chemical compound C=CSC=C UIYCHXAGWOYNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JAMNSIXSLVPNLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethenylphenyl) acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JAMNSIXSLVPNLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLECMSNCZUMKLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethenylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 CLECMSNCZUMKLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZMZREOTRMMCCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichloro-2-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(C=C)=C1 IZMZREOTRMMCCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LEWMUNHKWOGMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-phenylprop-2-enyl)piperidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=C)N1CCCCC1 LEWMUNHKWOGMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXECTBGVEUDNSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-acetyloxyprop-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C=C)OC(C)=O TXECTBGVEUDNSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJZHKJHDVMOBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-ethenylsulfinylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C=C IJZHKJHDVMOBND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYUXIFDLNGQOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Cl)=CC=C(C=C)C2=C1 NYUXIFDLNGQOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SEVIEHFDUHCSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chlorobut-3-en-2-one Chemical compound ClCC(=O)C=C SEVIEHFDUHCSCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXZPMXGRNUXGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxy-2-methoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC=C GXZPMXGRNUXGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2,4-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C(C)=C1 OEVVKKAVYQFQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHUZSRRCICJJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 XHUZSRRCICJJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UENCBLICVDCSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-iodobenzene Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 UENCBLICVDCSAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYZVQXIUVGKCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 SYZVQXIUVGKCBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWVTWJNGILGLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-fluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JWVTWJNGILGLAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMHMYHJGDAHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(C=C)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 WPMHMYHJGDAHKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNXMKNMCALMEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylsulfinylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)C=C HNXMKNMCALMEPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQSMEHLVLOGBCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylsulfinylethene Chemical compound C=CS(=O)C=C HQSMEHLVLOGBCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJEWLOAZFAGNPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C=C BJEWLOAZFAGNPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMAUULKNZLEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 LMAUULKNZLEMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHBQGXZUVXFJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxybut-3-en-2-one Chemical compound OCC(=O)C=C LHBQGXZUVXFJRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-vinylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C=C)=CC=CC2=C1 IGGDKDTUCAWDAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOHZIRUJZFRULE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)C OOHZIRUJZFRULE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical compound CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)=C SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroprop-2-enenitrile Chemical compound ClC(=C)C#N OYUNTGBISCIYPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNUGVECARVKIPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxypropane Chemical compound CC(C)OC=C GNUGVECARVKIPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDRCIXUKBBBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C=C)=NC2=C1 FDRCIXUKBBBOPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWHPFGQQBJRJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,4-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(CC)C(C=C)=C1 FWHPFGQQBJRJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KURPPWHPIYBYBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1C=C KURPPWHPIYBYBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUBVZEPYQZWWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylpiperidine Chemical compound C=CC1CCCCN1 TUBVZEPYQZWWNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAJCNWZHADBSJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylsulfanylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(SC=C)=CC=C21 AAJCNWZHADBSJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHNGPLVDGWOPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylbutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C CHNGPLVDGWOPMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZPOYKXYJOHGCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-iodoethenylbenzene Chemical compound IC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OZPOYKXYJOHGCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCYVWWWTHPPJII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylidenepropanedinitrile Chemical compound N#CC(=C)C#N FCYVWWWTHPPJII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZKJFVAKAWLCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-ylfuran Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CO1 AZKJFVAKAWLCMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTMGWGRYZSQTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-ylthiophene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CS1 FTMGWGRYZSQTMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORNUPNRNNSVZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylthiophene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CS1 ORNUPNRNNSVZTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKXHXOTZMFCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=C PKXHXOTZMFCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBPSWYWJFWHIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C BBPSWYWJFWHIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSSAWHFZNWVJEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(ethenoxymethyl)heptane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC=C DSSAWHFZNWVJEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YNGIFMKMDRDNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 YNGIFMKMDRDNBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFSSHRYKWZFXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethoxy-4-(2-ethoxybut-3-enylsulfanyl)but-1-ene Chemical compound CCOC(C=C)CSCC(C=C)OCC RFSSHRYKWZFXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULYIFEQRRINMJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C ULYIFEQRRINMJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVYGIPWYVVJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(=O)C=C ZVYGIPWYVVJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWDWPSQOAUMNDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-1-en-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CN=C1 WWDWPSQOAUMNDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010487 tragacanth Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000196 tragacanth Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116362 tragacanth Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002415 trichloroethylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F263/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated acids as defined in group C08F18/00
- C08F263/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated acids as defined in group C08F18/00 on to polymers of vinyl esters with monocarboxylic acids
- C08F263/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated acids as defined in group C08F18/00 on to polymers of vinyl esters with monocarboxylic acids on to polymers of vinyl acetate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F265/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00
- C08F265/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof as defined in group C08F20/00 on to polymers of esters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Description
Denne oppfinnelse angår copolymerlatekser, nærmereThis invention relates to copolymer latexes, more specifically
bestemt slike latekser som har høyt faststoffinnhold og lav .viskositet, og som fremstilles ut fra en blanding av copoly-merisasjonsmonomerer som innbefatter en vinylester og en acrylat- eller methacrylatester. specifically such latexes which have a high solids content and low viscosity, and which are produced from a mixture of copolymerization monomers which include a vinyl ester and an acrylate or methacrylate ester.
Det har i noen tid vært kjent mange fremgangsmåterMany methods have been known for some time
for emulsjonspolymerisering og -copolymerisering av mange ethylenisk umettede monomere, blant dem vinylestere, acrylat- for emulsion polymerization and copolymerization of many ethylenically unsaturated monomers, among them vinyl esters, acrylate
estere og methacrylatestere. En lateks som er avledet fra en vinylester og én eller flere med denne copolymeriserbare monomerer, fremstilles vanligvis ved at en vandig fase inneholdende vann, overflateaktivt middel, puffer, en katalysator eller et ka.talysatorsystem av friradikaltypen og vanligvis et beskyttende kolloid, såsom polyvinylalkohol (PVA) fylles i en reaktor. Monomerene tilføres så reaktoren enten som separate strømmer, slik.at blanding finner sted i reaktoren, eller de tilsettes ferdig blandet, enten alt på en gang eller porsjonsvis, hvoretter det foretas oppvarmning til polymerisasjons-temperatur. Polymerisasjonen tillates så å forløpe under kon- esters and methacrylate esters. A latex derived from a vinyl ester and one or more copolymerizable monomers with this is usually prepared by an aqueous phase containing water, surfactant, buffer, a catalyst or a catalyst system of the free radical type and usually a protective colloid, such as polyvinyl alcohol ( PVA) is filled into a reactor. The monomers are then supplied to the reactor either as separate streams, so that mixing takes place in the reactor, or they are added fully mixed, either all at once or in portions, after which heating is carried out to polymerization temperature. The polymerization is then allowed to proceed under con-
stant omrøring inntil den i det alt vesentlige er fullført.constant stirring until substantially complete.
Den erholdte lateks avkjøles og filtreres og kan anvendes forThe latex obtained is cooled and filtered and can be used for
mange formål, f.eks. som malinger og andre overflatebelegnings-preparater, adhesiver og tekstilbehandlingsmidler. many purposes, e.g. such as paints and other surface coating preparations, adhesives and textile treatment agents.
Emulsjonspolymerisasjonsprosesser hvor det gjøres brukEmulsion polymerization processes where use is made
av ett eller flere aspekter ved den ovenfor beskrevne fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av copolymerlatekser, er beskrevet i US patentskrifter nr. 2.496.384, 2.520.959, 3.248.356, of one or more aspects of the above-described method for producing copolymer latexes, are described in US patent documents no. 2,496,384, 2,520,959, 3,248,356,
3.404.114, 3.423.353, 3.483.171, 3.804.881 og 4.039.500. 3,404,114, 3,423,353, 3,483,171, 3,804,881 and 4,039,500.
Spesielt beskriver US patentskrift nr. 3.423.353 latekser er-In particular, US patent document No. 3,423,353 describes latexes that are
holdt ut fra vinylacetat og én eller flere andre comonomerer innbefattende alkylacrylater og -methacrylater, såsom methylacrylat, ethylacrylat, propylacrylat, butylacrylat, isobutylacrylat, 2-ethylhexylacrylat, methylmethacrylat, ethylmetha- obtained from vinyl acetate and one or more other comonomers including alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl meth-
crylat og n-propylmethacrylat, og det hevdes i patentskriftet at lateksene har høyere faststoffinnhold enn det som lar seg crylate and n-propyl methacrylate, and it is claimed in the patent document that the latexes have a higher solids content than is permissible
oppnå under anvendelse av konvensjonelle emulsjonspolymerisa-sjonsmetoder, samtidig som viskositeten er redusert og fryse-tine-stabiliteten er forbedret. Lateksene fremstilles på den konvensjonelle måte, og så snart polymerisasjonen er i det achieved using conventional emulsion polymerization methods, while the viscosity is reduced and the freeze-thaw stability is improved. The latexes are prepared in the conventional way, and as soon as the polymerization is in it
vesentlige fullført, tilsettes en relativt stor mengde vann-oppløselig polymerisasjonskatalysator eller -igangsetter til emulsjonen for å redusere viskositeten og øke partikkel-størrelsen. Patentinnehaveren antar at denne ettertilsetning av katalysator fører til en viss forringelse av det overflateaktive middel og av det etherbindingholdige beskyttende kolloid, når et sådant anvendes, og reduserer deres molekyl-vekt ved hjelp av en oxydasjonsmekanisme som innebærer brudd på etherbindingene. Denne oxydative forringelse eller ned-bygging antas å redusere effektiviteten av det overflateaktive middel og det beskyttende kolloid, hvilket så fører til en viss agglomerering av partikler. Den større midlere partikkelstørrelse i emulsjonen antas også å være årsaken til den nedsatte viskositet. substantially complete, a relatively large amount of water-soluble polymerization catalyst or initiator is added to the emulsion to reduce viscosity and increase particle size. The patent holder assumes that this subsequent addition of catalyst leads to a certain deterioration of the surface-active agent and of the protective colloid containing ether bonds, when such is used, and reduces their molecular weight by means of an oxidation mechanism which involves breaking the ether bonds. This oxidative deterioration or breakdown is believed to reduce the effectiveness of the surfactant and the protective colloid, which then leads to some agglomeration of particles. The larger average particle size in the emulsion is also believed to be the cause of the reduced viscosity.
Det har nu vist seg at latekser som er avledet fra vinylestere og acrylat- og/eller methacrylestere, og som har høyt faststoffinnhold og lav viskositet, lett og bekvemt lar seg fremstille som et resultat av selve polymerisasjonen, It has now been shown that latexes which are derived from vinyl esters and acrylate and/or methacrylic esters, and which have a high solids content and low viscosity, can easily and conveniently be produced as a result of the polymerization itself,
slik at man kan sløyfe slike tilleggstrinn som ettertil-setningen av relativt store mengder katalysator, slik US patentskrift nr. 3.423.353 foreskriver. so that such additional steps as the subsequent addition of relatively large amounts of catalyst can be omitted, as prescribed in US Patent No. 3,423,353.
Ettertilsetning av katalysator til latekser fremstilt etter fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen har ingen vesentlig innvirkning på produktenes viskositet, hvilket viser at viskositeten av de fremstilte latekser i hovedsak fastlegges under polymerisasjonen. Subsequent addition of catalyst to latexes produced according to the method according to the invention has no significant effect on the viscosity of the products, which shows that the viscosity of the latexes produced is essentially determined during polymerization.
I henhold til oppfinnelsen fremstilles der lavviskøse copolymerlatekser med høyt tørrstoffinnhold ut fra (a) minst én vinylestermonomer i en mengde svarende til fra 50 til 95 vekt% av den totale monomertilførsel og (b) minst én monomer valgt blant acrylatestermonomer og methacrylatestermonomer, idet denne eller disse utgjør resten av den totale monomertilf ørsel. Fremgangsmåten går ut på at man i et første trinn polymeriserer en vesentlig andel av den totale mengde vinylestermonomer, f.eks. minst 10 vekt% av denne, og fortrinnsvis minst 50 vekt% av den totale mengde vinylestermonomer, sammen med fra 0 til 50 vekti av den totale mengde acrylat- og/eller methacrylatestermonomer i et vandig emulsjonsreaksjonsmedium inneholdende en polymerisasjonskatalysator, og deretter i et andre trinn polymeriserer den gjenværende andel av den totale mengde vinylestermonomer sammen med den gjenværende mengde According to the invention, low-viscosity copolymer latexes with a high solids content are produced from (a) at least one vinyl ester monomer in an amount corresponding to from 50 to 95% by weight of the total monomer supply and (b) at least one monomer selected from acrylate ester monomers and methacrylate ester monomers, this or these make up the rest of the total monomer supply. The method involves polymerizing a significant proportion of the total amount of vinyl ester monomer in a first step, e.g. at least 10% by weight of this, and preferably at least 50% by weight of the total amount of vinyl ester monomer, together with from 0 to 50% by weight of the total amount of acrylate and/or methacrylate ester monomer in an aqueous emulsion reaction medium containing a polymerization catalyst, and then in a second step polymerizes the remaining portion of the total amount of vinyl ester monomer together with the remaining amount
. acrylat- og/eller methacrylatestermonomer i reaksjonsmediet, som om nødvendig kan tilsettes ytterligere katalysator, idet polymerisasjonen fortsettes inntil den er i det vesentlige fullført. I det første trinn er mengdeforholdet mellom vinylester og acrylat- og/eller methacrylatmonomer fortrinnsvis større enn ca. 4,5 inntil ca. 40 - 60% av den totale monomertilførsel er tilsatt, og under den andre tilsetning er mengdeforholdet mellom vinylestermonomer og acrylat- og/eller methacrylatmonomer mindre enn ca. 4,5 inntil den totale gjenværende mengde monomerer er blitt satt til polymerisasjonsreaktoren. Én eller flere andre ethylenisk umettede monomerer som er copolymeriser-bar.e med monomerene (a) og (b) kan tilsettes i starten av eller under polymerisasjonssekvensen i en mengde av inntil 5 vekt% av den totale monomertilførsel. Det kan være fordelaktig . acrylate and/or methacrylate ester monomers in the reaction medium, to which additional catalyst may be added if necessary, the polymerization being continued until it is substantially complete. In the first step, the quantity ratio between vinyl ester and acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer is preferably greater than approx. 4.5 up to approx. 40 - 60% of the total monomer supply has been added, and during the second addition the quantity ratio between vinyl ester monomer and acrylate and/or methacrylate monomer is less than approx. 4.5 until the total remaining amount of monomers has been added to the polymerization reactor. One or more other ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are copolymerisable with the monomers (a) and (b) can be added at the start of or during the polymerization sequence in an amount of up to 5% by weight of the total monomer supply. It can be beneficial
først å polymerisere en liten mengde, nemlig ca. 5% av den totale mengde vinylestermonomer i reaktoren, før det første trinn av polymerisasjonen startes. first to polymerize a small amount, namely approx. 5% of the total amount of vinyl ester monomer in the reactor, before the first step of the polymerization is started.
Ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan man anvende kjente og konvensjonelle overflateaktive midler, puffere, beskyttende kolloider, katalysatorer og lignende, i de vanlige mengder, og fremgangsmåten kan utføres i apparatur av den art som hittil er blitt benyttet for emulsjonspolymerisasjon. In the method according to the invention, known and conventional surface-active agents, buffers, protective colloids, catalysts and the like can be used in the usual amounts, and the method can be carried out in apparatus of the kind that has hitherto been used for emulsion polymerization.
I typiske tilfeller vil lateksene fremstilt i henhold til oppfinnelsen ha et faststoffinnhold på 60 - 70 vekt% og sogar enda høyere faststoffinnhold. Viskositeten av lateksene med høyt faststoffinnhold er vanligvis bare en fraksjon av viskositeten av latekser fremstilt på den vanlige måte, dvs. ved samtidig tilsetning av monomerene, og den vil vanligvis ikke overskride 15.000 cp Bfookfield-viskositet (RVF, spindel nr. 1) ved 2 rpm. Viskositeten av latekser med tilsvarende høyt faststoffinnhold som er fremstilt på konvensjonell måte, er kommet opp i 50.000 cp Brookfield-viskositet (RVF, spindel nr. 5) ved 2 rpm. Kombinasjonen av høyt faststoffinnhold og lav viskositet gjør lateksene ifølge oppfinnelsen særlig an-vendbare for fremstilling av malinger og andre overflatebe-legningspreparater. In typical cases, the latexes produced according to the invention will have a solids content of 60 - 70% by weight and even higher solids content. The viscosity of the high solids latexes is usually only a fraction of the viscosity of latexes prepared in the usual way, i.e. by simultaneous addition of the monomers, and it will not usually exceed 15,000 cp Bfookfield viscosity (RVF, Spindle No. 1) at 2 rpm. The viscosity of similarly high solids latexes prepared in a conventional manner has reached 50,000 cp Brookfield viscosity (RVF, spindle #5) at 2 rpm. The combination of high solids content and low viscosity makes the latexes according to the invention particularly useful for the production of paints and other surface coating preparations.
Lateksene som fremstilles etter fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen inneholder copolymerer av minst én vinylester og minst én acrylat- og/eller methacrylatester. Når disse co-. polymerer fremstilles, vil vanligvis fra 50 til 95 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 65 til 85 vekt%, vinylester copolymeriseres med fra 5 til 50 vekt%, fortrinnsvis fra 15 til 35 vekt%, acrylatester- og/eller methacrylatester, beregnet på den totale mengde tilstedeværende monomerer. The latexes produced according to the method according to the invention contain copolymers of at least one vinyl ester and at least one acrylate and/or methacrylate ester. When these co-. polymers are prepared, usually from 50 to 95% by weight, preferably from 65 to 85% by weight, of vinyl ester will be copolymerized with from 5 to 50% by weight, preferably from 15 to 35% by weight, of acrylate esters and/or methacrylate esters, calculated on the total amount monomers present.
Blant de vinylestere som med fordel kan anvendes i forbindelse med oppfinnelsen, kan nevnes vinylf orniio t, vinyl-propionat, vinylbutyrat og vinylkloracetat. Vinylacetat foretrekkes spesielt. Eksempler på acrylatestere og methacrylatestere som' med godt resultat kan anvendes i forbindelse med oppfinnelsen, er methylacrylat, ethylacrylat, propylacrylat, butylacrylat, isobutylacrylat, sek-butylacrylat, amylacrylat, isoamylacrylat, hexylacrylat, 2-ethylhexylacrylat, octylacrylat, 2 , 5 , 5-trimethy.lhexyl-acrylat, decylacrylat, dodecylacrylat, cetylacrylat, octadecylacrylat, cyclohexylacrylat, fenylacrylat, methylmethacrylat, ethylmethacrylat, n-propy 1'methacrylat, n-amylmethacrylat, isoamylmethacrylat, hexyImethacrylat, 2-ethylbutylmethacrylat, octylmethacrylat, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl-methacrylat, decylmethacrylat, cyclohexylmethacrylat, norbornenyl-methacrylat, benzyImethacrylat, fenyImethacrylat og neopentyl-methacrylat. Butylacrylat har vist seg å være særlig fordelaktig. Among the vinyl esters which can be advantageously used in connection with the invention, mention may be made of vinyl formaldehyde, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate and vinyl chloroacetate. Vinyl acetate is particularly preferred. Examples of acrylate esters and methacrylate esters which can be used with good results in connection with the invention are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, amyl acrylate, isoamyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, 2 , 5 , 5- trimethy.lhexyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, cetyl acrylate, octadecyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, phenyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propy 1' methacrylate, n-amyl methacrylate, isoamyl methacrylate, hexyImethacrylate, 2-ethylbutyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl -methacrylate, decyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, norbornenyl methacrylate, benzymethacrylate, phenymethacrylate and neopentyl methacrylate. Butyl acrylate has been found to be particularly beneficial.
Som ovenfor angitt kan inntil 5 vekt% av den totale mengde tilstedeværende monomerer interpolymeriseres med én eller flere ytterligere, ethylenisk umettede monomerer. Eksempler på slike er: ethylen, propylen, 1-buten, 2-buten, isobutylen, 1-penten, 2-methyl-2-buten, 1-hexen, 4-methyl-l-penten, 3,3-dimethyl-1-buten, 2,4,4-trimethyl-l-penten, 6-ethyl-l-hexen, 1-hepten, 1-octen, 1-decen, 1-dodecen, allen, butadien, isopren, kloro-pren, 1,5-hexadien, 1,2,5-hexatrien, divinylacetylen, cyclo-pentadien, dicyclopentadien, norbornen, norbornadien, methyl-norbornen, cyclohexen, styren, a-klorstyren, a-methylstyren, allylbenzen, fenylacetylen, 1-fenyl-1,3-butadien, vinylnafthaien, 4-methylstyren, 2,4-dimethylstyren, 3-ethylstyren, 2,5-diethylstyren, 2-methoxystyren, 4-methoxy-3-methylstyren, 4-klorstyren, 3,4-dimethyl-a-methylstyren, 3-brom-4-methy1-a-methylstyren, 2,5-diklorstyren, 4-fluorstyren, 3-jodstyren, jodstyren, 4-cyanostyren, 4-vinylbenzoesyre, 4-acetoxystyren, 4-vinylbenzylalkohol, 3-hydroxystyren, 1,4-dihydroxystyren, 3-nitrostyren, 2-aminostyren, 4-N,N-dimethylaminostyren, 4-fenylstyren, 4-klor-l-vinylnafthaien, acrylsyre, methacryl-syre, acrolein, methacroelin, acrylnitril, methacrylnitril, As indicated above, up to 5% by weight of the total amount of monomers present can be interpolymerized with one or more additional, ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Examples of such are: ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, isobutylene, 1-pentene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 3,3-dimethyl-1 -butene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-l-pentene, 6-ethyl-l-hexene, 1-heptene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, allene, butadiene, isoprene, chloro-prene, 1 ,5-hexadiene, 1,2,5-hexatriene, divinylacetylene, cyclo-pentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, norbornene, norbornadiene, methyl-norbornene, cyclohexene, styrene, a-chlorostyrene, a-methylstyrene, allylbenzene, phenylacetylene, 1-phenyl-1 ,3-butadiene, vinylnaphthalene, 4-methylstyrene, 2,4-dimethylstyrene, 3-ethylstyrene, 2,5-diethylstyrene, 2-methoxystyrene, 4-methoxy-3-methylstyrene, 4-chlorostyrene, 3,4-dimethyl-a -methylstyrene, 3-bromo-4-methyl1-α-methylstyrene, 2,5-dichlorostyrene, 4-fluorostyrene, 3-iodostyrene, iodostyrene, 4-cyanostyrene, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, 4-acetoxystyrene, 4-vinylbenzyl alcohol, 3-hydroxystyrene , 1,4-dihydroxystyrene, 3-nitrostyrene, 2-aminostyrene, 4-N,N-dimethylaminostyrene, 4-phenylstyrene, 4-chloro-1-vinylnaphthalene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrolein , methacroelin, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile,
t acrylamid, methacrylamid, N-methylmethacrylamid, kloracryl-syre, methy1-kloracrylsyre, kloracrylnitril, ethacrylnitril, N-fenyl-acrylamid, N,N-diethylacrylamid, N-cyclohexyl-ac.ry 1-amid, vinylklorid, vinylidenklorid, vinylidencyanid, vinyl-fluorid, vinylidenfluorid, triklorethen, methylvinylketon, methylisopropenylketon, fenylketon, methy1-a-klorvinylketon, ethylvinylketon, divinylketon, hydroxymethylvinylketon., klor-methylvinylketon, allilydendiacetat, methylvinylether, isopropyl-vinylether, butylvinylether, 2-ethylhexylvinylether, 2-methoxy-ethylvinylether, 2-klorethylvinylether, methoxyethoxyethy1-vinylether, hydroxyethylvinylether, aminoethylvinylether, a-methylvinylmethylether, divinylether, divinylether av ethy-lenglycol eller diethylenglycol eller triethanolamin, cyclo-hexy lvinylether , benzylvinylether, fenethylvinylether, cresyl-vinylether, hydroxyfenylvinylether, klorfenylvinylether, nafthylvinylether, dimethylmaleat, diethylmaleat, d-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-maleat, maleinsyreanhydrid, dimethylfuraarat, dipropyl-fumarat, vinylethylsulfid, divinylsulfid, vinyl- tolylsulfid, divinylsulfon, vinylethylsulfon, vinylethylsulfoxyd, vinyl-sulfonsyre, natriumvinylsulfonat, vinylsulfonamid, vinyl-benzamid, vinylpyridin, N-vinylpyrollidon., N-vinylcarbazol, N-(vinylbenzyl)-pyrrolidin, N-(vinylbenzyl)-pyrrolidin, N-(vinylbenzyl)-piperidin, 1-vinylpyren, 2-isopropenylfuran, 2-viny1-dibenzofuran, 2-methyl-5-vinyl-pyridin, 3-isoprope-nyl-pyridin, 2-vinyl-piperidin, 2-viny1-kinolin, 2-vinyl-benzoxazol, 4-methyl-5-vinyl-thiazol, vinylthiofen, 2-iso-propenyl-thiofen, inden, cumaron, 1-klorcthy1-vinylsulfid, vinyl-2-ethoxyethyl-sulfid, vinylfenylsulfid, vinyl-2-nafthyl-sulfid, allylmercaptaner, divinylsulfoxyd, vinylfenylsulfoxyd, vinylklorfenylsulfoxyd, methylvinylsulfonat, vinylsulfoanilid og lignende forbindelser. En del av eller hele mengden av disse valgfrie monomerer kan tilføres reaktoren ved polymerisa-sjortens begynnelse eller under polymerisasjonssekvensen. I enkelte tilfeller kan disse monomerer anvendes i en konsentra- t acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, chloroacrylic acid, methy1-chloroacrylic acid, chloroacrylonitrile, ethacrylnitrile, N-phenyl-acrylamide, N,N-diethylacrylamide, N-cyclohexyl-ac.ry 1-amide, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinylidene cyanide, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, trichloroethene, methyl vinyl ketone, methyl isopropenyl ketone, phenyl ketone, methy1-a-chlorovinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, divinyl ketone, hydroxymethyl vinyl ketone., chloro methyl vinyl ketone, allylidene diacetate, methyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether, butyl vinyl ether, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, 2-methoxy-ethyl vinyl ether . diethyl maleate, d-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-maleate, maleic acid hydride, dimethyl furarate, dipropyl fumarate, vinyl ethyl sulfide, divinyl sulfide, vinyl tolyl sulfide, divinyl sulfone, vinyl ethyl sulfone, vinyl ethyl sulfoxide, vinyl sulfonic acid, sodium vinyl sulfonate, vinyl sulfonamide, vinyl benzamide, vinyl pyridine, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinylcarbazole, N-(vinylbenzyl) -pyrrolidine, N-(vinylbenzyl)-pyrrolidine, N-(vinylbenzyl)-piperidine, 1-vinylpyrene, 2-isopropenylfuran, 2-viny1-dibenzofuran, 2-methyl-5-vinyl-pyridine, 3-isopropenyl-pyridine , 2-vinyl-piperidine, 2-viny1-quinoline, 2-vinyl-benzoxazole, 4-methyl-5-vinyl-thiazole, vinylthiophene, 2-iso-propenyl-thiophene, indene, coumarone, 1-chlorocthy1-vinyl sulfide, vinyl -2-ethoxyethyl sulfide, vinyl phenyl sulfide, vinyl 2-naphthyl sulfide, allyl mercaptans, divinyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl chlorophenyl sulfoxide, methyl vinyl sulfonate, vinyl sulfoanilide and similar compounds. Part or all of these optional monomers can be added to the reactor at the beginning of the polymerization cycle or during the polymerization sequence. In some cases, these monomers can be used in a concentrated
sjon under 2 vekt% for å unngå uønsket koagulering.tion below 2% by weight to avoid unwanted coagulation.
De overflateaktive midler som er anvendelige ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, er alle kjente og konvensjonelle overflateaktive midler og emulgeringsmidler, først og fremst ikke-ioniske og anioniske materialer, og blandinger av slike, som hittil er blitt anvendt ved emulsjonscopoly-merisering av vinylacetat og ethylen. De ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler foretrekkes spesielt. Blant de ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler som har vist seg å gi gode resultater, kan nevnes de materialer som markedsføres under handels- The surface-active agents that can be used in the method according to the invention are all known and conventional surface-active agents and emulsifiers, primarily non-ionic and anionic materials, and mixtures of such, which have hitherto been used in the emulsion copolymerization of vinyl acetate and ethylene. The nonionic surfactants are particularly preferred. Among the non-ionic surfactants that have been shown to give good results, mention can be made of the materials marketed under
(R) (R)
navnene "Igepal" (G.A.F.), Tween ^ (Atlas Chemical) og Pluronic<®>(BASF Wyandotte). Midlene som markedsføres under handelsnavnet "Igepal", tilhører en homolog rekke av alkyl-fenoxypoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanoler som kan representeres ved den generelle formel the names "Igepal" (G.A.F.), Tween ^ (Atlas Chemical) and Pluronic<®>(BASF Wyandotte). The agents marketed under the trade name "Igepal" belong to a homologous series of alkyl-phenoxypoly-(ethyleneoxy)-ethanols which can be represented by the general formula
. hvor R betegner et alkylradikal og n betegner det anvendte antall mol ethylenoxyd. Blant disse forbindelser kan nevnes alkylfenoxypoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanolene med alkylgrupper inneholdende fra 7 til 18 carbonatomer og med 4 - 100 ethylen-oxyenheter, såsom heptylfenoxypoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanolene, nonylfenoxypoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanoler og dodecylfenoxypoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanoler; natrium- eller ammoniumsaltene av sulfatesterne av disse alkylfenoxypoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanoler, alkylpoly-(ethylenoxy)-ethanoler; alkylpoly-(propylenoxy)-ethanoler; octylfenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammoniumklorid; . where R denotes an alkyl radical and n denotes the number of moles of ethylene oxide used. Among these compounds, mention may be made of the alkylphenoxypoly-(ethyleneoxy)-ethanols with alkyl groups containing from 7 to 18 carbon atoms and with 4-100 ethyleneoxy units, such as heptylphenoxypoly-(ethyleneoxy)-ethanols, nonylphenoxypoly-(ethyleneoxy)-ethanols and dodecylphenoxypoly-(ethyleneoxy) )-ethanols; the sodium or ammonium salts of the sulfate esters of these alkylphenoxypoly-(ethyleneoxy)ethanols, alkylpoly-(ethyleneoxy)ethanols; alkylpoly-(propyleneoxy)ethanols; octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride;
polyethylenglycol-t-dodecylthioether. Midlene som markeds-føres under handelsnavnet Tween<®>, er polyoxyalkylenderi-vater av partielle fettsyreestere av sorbitolanhydrid såsom polyoxyalkylenderivatene av sorbitanmonolaurat, sorbitan-monopalmitat, sorbitanmonostearat, sorbitantristearat, sorbi-tanmonooleat og sorbitantrioleat. Midlene som markedsføres under handelsnavnet Pluronic<®>, er kondensater av ethylenoxyd med en hydrofob base dannet ved kondensering av propy- polyethylene glycol-t-dodecylthioether. The agents marketed under the trade name Tween<®> are polyoxyalkylene derivatives of partial fatty acid esters of sorbitol anhydride such as the polyoxyalkylene derivatives of sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan trioleate. The agents marketed under the trade name Pluronic<®> are condensates of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by condensation of propy-
lenoxyd med propylenglycol, og lignende. Andre egnede ikke-ioniske overflateaktive midler som kan anvendes ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, er ethylenoxydderivater av lang-kjedede fettalkoholer, såsom octyl-, dodecyl-, lauryl- og cetylalkohol. A^ioniske overf lateaktive midler, som kan anvendes, innbefatter alkalimetallsulfåtene av C]_2~^i4alkoholer, såsom natriumlaurylsulfat og alkalimetallsaltene av alkyl-benzensulfonsyrer og alky1toluensulfonsyrer med alifatiske sidekjeder inneholdende 10 - 15 carbonatomer, og lignende. Det overflateaktive middel anvendes vanligvis i en mengde lenoxyd with propylene glycol, and the like. Other suitable non-ionic surfactants which can be used in the method according to the invention are ethylene oxide derivatives of long-chain fatty alcohols, such as octyl, dodecyl, lauryl and cetyl alcohol. A^ionic surfactants, which can be used, include the alkali metal sulfates of C]_2~^i4 alcohols, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and the alkali metal salts of alkylbenzenesulfonic acids and alkyltoluenesulfonic acids with aliphatic side chains containing 10 - 15 carbon atoms, and the like. The surfactant is usually used in one quantity
av fra 3 til 5%, fortrinnsvis i en mengde av fra 3,5 til 4,5%, beregnet på totalvekten av de'tilstedeværende monomerer. of from 3 to 5%, preferably in an amount of from 3.5 to 4.5%, calculated on the total weight of the monomers present.
Vanligvis innlemmes et beskyttende kolloid i de vandige emulsjoner ifølge oppfinnelsen. Velegnede for anvendelse er konvensjonelle beskyttende kolloider som de partielt og fullstendig hydrolyserte polyvinylalkohoier; celluloseethere, f.eks. hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethylcellulose og ethoxylerte stivelsesderivater; A protective colloid is usually incorporated into the aqueous emulsions according to the invention. Suitable for use are conventional protective colloids such as the partially and fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols; cellulose ethers, e.g. hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, ethyl-hydroxyethylcellulose and ethoxylated starch derivatives;
de naturlig forekommende og syntetiske gummier, f.eks. traga-canth gummi og gummi arabicum; polyacrylsyre, poly(methylvinylether/maleinsyreanhydrid) og polyvinylpyrrolidon, spesielt i en mengde av fra 0,1 til 2 vekt% av emulsjonen. Polyvinylpyrrolidon og de partielt hydrolyserte polyvinyl-alkoholer er særlig fordelaktige ved fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen. the naturally occurring and synthetic gums, e.g. gum traga-canth and gum arabic; polyacrylic acid, poly(methylvinylether/maleic anhydride) and polyvinylpyrrolidone, especially in an amount of from 0.1 to 2% by weight of the emulsion. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and the partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols are particularly advantageous in the method according to the invention.
Katalysatorene som anvendes ved copolymerisasjonsreak-sjonen, kan være hvilke som helst av de konvensjonelle fri-radikalpolymerisasjonskatalysatorer som hittil er blitt benyttet ved fremstilling av copolymerlatekser, og de innbefatter uorganiske peroxyder, såsom hydrogenperoxyd, natrium-perklorat og natriumperborat, uorganiske persulfater, såsom natriumpersulfat, kaliumpersulfat og ammoniumpersulfat, og reduksjonsmidler, såsom natriumhydrogensulfitt. Katalysatoren (inklusive cokatalysator-reduksjonsmiddel, dersom et sådant anvendes) anvendes vanligvis i en mengde av fra 0,1 til 1 vekt% av den totale mengde comonomerer. Hele mengden av katalysatoren kan tilsettes reaksjonsmediet på en gang, eller den kan deles i to eller flere andeler og tilsettes reaktor-mediet med hver tilsetning av monomer eller under den ene av The catalysts used in the copolymerization reaction can be any of the conventional free-radical polymerization catalysts that have hitherto been used in the production of copolymer latexes, and they include inorganic peroxides, such as hydrogen peroxide, sodium perchlorate and sodium perborate, inorganic persulfates, such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate, and reducing agents such as sodium bisulfite. The catalyst (including cocatalyst reducing agent, if one is used) is usually used in an amount of from 0.1 to 1% by weight of the total amount of comonomers. The entire amount of the catalyst can be added to the reaction medium at once, or it can be divided into two or more portions and added to the reactor medium with each addition of monomer or during one of
eller under begge polymerisasjonssekvensene.or during both polymerization sequences.
Et alkalisk buffermateriale, såsom natriumbicarbonat,An alkaline buffer material, such as sodium bicarbonate,
. ammoniumbicarbonat, natriumacetat, og lignende, kan settes til det vandige system for å opprettholde den ønskede pH-verdi. Buffermengden er vanligvis fra 0,01 til 0,5 vekt%, beregnet på monomerene. . ammonium bicarbonate, sodium acetate, and the like, can be added to the aqueous system to maintain the desired pH value. The amount of buffer is usually from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, calculated on the monomers.
Måten monomerene tilføres reaktoren på, er ikke av avgjørende betydning. Monomerene kan settes til reaksjonsmediet som en sammenhengende strøm, dråpevis eller porsjonsvis. Vinylesteren og acrylat/methacrylatesteren kan blandes før de tilføres reaktoren , eller disse monomerer kan inn-føres i reaktoren som separate strømmer. Det er en fordel om monomerene kan tilsettes som en kontinuerlig strøm over et. tidsrom av fra 1 til 5 timer, fortrinnsvis over et tidsrom av fra 2 til 3 timer. The way in which the monomers are supplied to the reactor is not of decisive importance. The monomers can be added to the reaction medium as a continuous stream, dropwise or portionwise. The vinyl ester and the acrylate/methacrylate ester can be mixed before they are fed to the reactor, or these monomers can be introduced into the reactor as separate streams. It is an advantage if the monomers can be added as a continuous stream over a period of from 1 to 5 hours, preferably over a period of from 2 to 3 hours.
De samme temperaturer kan velges som ved de hittil utførte emulsjonspolymerisasjoner. For begge polymerisasjons-sekvenser kan temperaturen være i området fra 0° til 100°C, fortrinnsvis i området fra romtemperatur til 80°C, idet reaksjonsmediet til enhver tid omrøres eller rystes. Polymerisasjonen er vanligvis i det vesentlige fullført når lateks-emulsjonens innhold av frie monomerer er lavere enn 1%, fortrinnsvis lavere enn 0,5%. The same temperatures can be chosen as for the emulsion polymerizations carried out so far. For both polymerization sequences, the temperature can be in the range from 0° to 100°C, preferably in the range from room temperature to 80°C, the reaction medium being stirred or shaken at all times. The polymerization is usually substantially complete when the free monomer content of the latex emulsion is lower than 1%, preferably lower than 0.5%.
I de følgende eksempler, hvor det ble benyttet konvensjonell apparatur og alle deler er regnet på vektbasis, illustrerer eksemplene 1-11 copolymerlateksene og fremgangsmåten ved emulsjonspolymerisering ifølge oppfinnelsen, mens sammenligningseksempler IA og IB er tatt med for å vise de kjente latekser og polymerisasjonsprosesser. Komponentene av de emulsjonsmedier som er benyttet i eksemplene, er som følger: In the following examples, where conventional equipment was used and all parts are calculated on a weight basis, examples 1-11 illustrate the copolymer latexes and the method of emulsion polymerization according to the invention, while comparative examples IA and IB are included to show the known latexes and polymerization processes. The components of the emulsion media used in the examples are as follows:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
Til en 2000 ml plastkolbe utstyrt med røreverk, tilbake-løpskondensator, matetrakt og termometer ble følgende oppløs-ninger tilsatt: The following solutions were added to a 2000 ml plastic flask equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, feed funnel and thermometer:
hvoretter det ble tilsatt 40 vektdeler vinylacetat. Reaktoren ble oppvarmet i et vannbad, og ved 60°C ble 1,65 vektdeler ammoniumpersulfat i 10 vektdeler vann tilsatt, alt på en gang. Ved 72°C ble tilsetningen av 320 vektdeler vinylacetat påbegynt og så fortsatt ved 78 - 80°C over et tidsrom av 65 minutter. Deretter ble en blanding av 360 vektdeler vinylacetat og 150 vektdeler butylacrylat tilsatt over et tidsrom av ca. 120 minutter. Da hele monomerblandingen var blitt tilsatt, ble 0,2 vektdel ammoniumpersulfat tilført, og blandingen ble omrørt i ytterligere 30 minutter ved 80°C for å fullføre omsetningen av monomerene. Etter avkjøling til romtemperatur hadde copolymerlateksen et faststoffinnhold på 65,2% og en Brookfield-viskositet (RVF, spindel nr. 2) på 2700 cp ved 2 rpm og 800 after which 40 parts by weight of vinyl acetate were added. The reactor was heated in a water bath, and at 60°C 1.65 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate in 10 parts by weight of water were added, all at once. At 72°C the addition of 320 parts by weight of vinyl acetate was started and then continued at 78-80°C over a period of 65 minutes. Then a mixture of 360 parts by weight of vinyl acetate and 150 parts by weight of butyl acrylate was added over a period of approx. 120 minutes. When the entire monomer mixture had been added, 0.2 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate was added and the mixture was stirred for an additional 30 minutes at 80°C to complete the reaction of the monomers. After cooling to room temperature, the copolymer latex had a solids content of 65.2% and a Brookfield viscosity (RVF, spindle #2) of 2700 cp at 2 rpm and 800
cp ved 2 0 rpm.cp at 20 rpm.
Sammenligningseksempel IAComparative example IA
I dette eksempel, som illustrerer den kjente teknikk, .ble monomerene tilsatt i ett enkelt trinn. Det beskyttende kolloid ble utelatt, for at den ferdige lateks ikke skulle bli uhåndterlig som følge av høy viskositet. In this example, which illustrates the prior art, the monomers were added in a single step. The protective colloid was omitted, so that the finished latex would not become unmanageable due to high viscosity.
Til en 2000 ml plastkolbe utstyrt som angitt i eksempel 1 ble det tilsatt: To a 2000 ml plastic flask equipped as indicated in example 1 was added:
Oppløsningens temperatur ble bragt til 70°C ved hjelp av et temperaturregulert vannbad, og 1,65 vektdeler ammoniumpersulfat i 10 vektdeler vann ble tilsatt, alt på en gang, etterfulgt av en blanding av 720 vektdeler vinylacetat og 150 vektdeler butylacrylatmonomerer, som ble tilsatt over et tidsrom av 140 minutter. Reaksjonstemperaturen øket raskt til, og ble regulert slik at den holdt seg ved 80°C under tilsetningen av monomerene. Etter monomertilsetningen ble ytterligere 0,3 vektdel ammoniumpersulfat i 10 vektdeler vann tilsatt. Reaksjonstemperaturen ble holdt ved 80°C i ytterligere 1 time, hvoretter porsjonen ble avkjølt til romtemperatur. Copolymerlateksen hadde et faststoffinnhold på 64,6% og en Brookfield-viskositet (RVF spindel nr. 5) på 50.000 cp ved 2 rpm og 12.100 cp ved 20 rpm. Denne viskositet var altfor høy for fremstilling av lateksmaling av god kvalitet. The temperature of the solution was brought to 70°C by means of a temperature-controlled water bath, and 1.65 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate in 10 parts by weight of water was added, all at once, followed by a mixture of 720 parts by weight of vinyl acetate and 150 parts by weight of butyl acrylate monomers, which was added over a period of 140 minutes. The reaction temperature increased rapidly and was regulated so that it remained at 80°C during the addition of the monomers. After the monomer addition, a further 0.3 parts by weight of ammonium persulphate in 10 parts by weight of water was added. The reaction temperature was maintained at 80°C for a further 1 hour, after which the portion was cooled to room temperature. The copolymer latex had a solids content of 64.6% and a Brookfield viscosity (RVF spindle No. 5) of 50,000 cp at 2 rpm and 12,100 cp at 20 rpm. This viscosity was far too high for the production of good quality latex paints.
Sammenligningseksempel IBComparative example IB
Også dette eksempel illustrerer den tidligere kjente teknikk, i henhold til hvilken- hele mengden av monomerer copolymeriseres samtidig. En plastkolbe utstyrt som angitt i eksempel 1 ble benyttet, samt de følgende materialer: This example also illustrates the previously known technique, according to which the entire amount of monomers is copolymerized at the same time. A plastic flask equipped as indicated in example 1 was used, as well as the following materials:
De overflateaktive midler ble oppløst i vannet, og opp-løsningens pH ble innstilt på 11,6 med NaOH (oppløst i vann). The surfactants were dissolved in the water, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 11.6 with NaOH (dissolved in water).
•Oppløsningen ble innført i reaktoren og oppvarmet til 70°C.•The solution was introduced into the reactor and heated to 70°C.
På dette tidspunkt ble den første andel (NH^)2S20g tilsatt, og At this point the first portion of (NH^)2S20g was added, and
tilsetningen av monomerblandingen ble påbegynt. Tilsetningshastigheten var høy under de første to timer av polymerisasjonen (ca. 80% av monomermengden ble tilsatt i løpet av denne tid). Under den siste halvtime ble monomertilsetnings-hastigheten nedsatt (idet lateksen begynte å bli temmelig viskøs) . Etter . fullført monomertilsetning ble den andre andel the addition of the monomer mixture was commenced. The addition rate was high during the first two hours of the polymerization (about 80% of the monomer amount was added during this time). During the last half hour, the monomer addition rate was reduced (as the latex began to become rather viscous). After . completed monomer addition became the second proportion
av katalysatoren tilsatt (oppløst i 500 ml vann). Deretter ble satsen holdt ved ca. 80°C i ca. 1 time. Polymerisasjonstemperaturen var 80°C - 1°C. Den erholdte lateks hadde et tilfredsstillende utseende, men var meget viskøs. Den inneholdt ingen gel, men derimot tallrike luftbobler. Lateksen viste seg å of the catalyst added (dissolved in 500 ml of water). Thereafter, the rate was kept at approx. 80°C for approx. 1 hour. The polymerization temperature was 80°C - 1°C. The latex obtained had a satisfactory appearance, but was very viscous. It contained no gel, but numerous air bubbles. The latex turned out to
ha de følgende-egenskaper:have the following characteristics:
Faststoffinnhold: 64,6%Solids content: 64.6%
Brookfield-viskositet (spindel nr. 5)Brookfield Viscosity (No. 5 Spindle)
Et nedtrekk på en glassplate var klart, men inneholdt mange bobler. A pull-down on a glass plate was clear but contained many bubbles.
Mens lateksen ifølge eksempel 1 egner seg utmerket for anvendelse i malinger, sees det helt klart at lateksene fremstilt i henhold til den kjente fremgangsmåte, hvor samtidig copolymerisering foretas, ikke egner seg for fremstilling av overflatebelegningsmaterialer. While the latex according to example 1 is excellently suitable for use in paints, it is quite clear that the latexes produced according to the known method, where simultaneous copolymerization is carried out, are not suitable for the production of surface coating materials.
Eksemp el 2Example or 2
Til piastkolbereaktoren ifølge eksempel 1 ble det tilsatt: To the Piast flask reactor according to example 1 was added:
Tilsetningen av 320 deler vinylacetat ble startet ved 72°C The addition of 320 parts of vinyl acetate was started at 72°C
og deretter fortsatt ved 78 - 80°C over et tidsrom av 65and then continued at 78 - 80°C over a period of 65
minutter. Deretter ble en blanding av 360 vektdeler vinyl-minutes. Then a mixture of 360 parts by weight of vinyl-
acetat og 150 vektdeler butylacrylat tilsatt i løpet av 120 minutter. Da hele monomerblandingen var blitt tilsatt, acetate and 150 parts by weight of butyl acrylate added over 120 minutes. When the entire monomer mixture had been added,
ble .0,2 vektdel ammoniumpersulf at innført, og satsen ble holdt ved 80°C i ytterligere 30 minutter for omsetning av de gjen- .0.2 part by weight of ammonium persulphate was introduced, and the batch was kept at 80°C for a further 30 minutes for reaction of the
værende monomerer. Etter avkjøling til romtemperatur viste copolymerlateksen seg å inneholde 64,8% faststoff og å ha en Brookfield-viskositet (RVF spindel nr. 1) på 550 cp ved 2 rpm being monomers. After cooling to room temperature, the copolymer latex was found to contain 64.8% solids and to have a Brookfield viscosity (RVF spindle #1) of 550 cp at 2 rpm
og 280 cp ved 20 rpm.and 280 cp at 20 rpm.
Eksempel 3Example 3
Til plastkolbereaktoren ifølge eksempel 1 ble det tilsatt: To the plastic flask reactor according to example 1 was added:
Etter tilsetningen ved 60°C av 1,65 vektdeler ammoniumper- After the addition at 60°C of 1.65 parts by weight of ammonium per-
sulfat i 10 vektdeler vann ble det i løpet av 75 minutter til-sulphate in 10 parts by weight of water, within 75 minutes there was
satt 320 vektdeler vinylacetat ved 78 - 80°C, hvorpå det b.l.e tilsatt en oppløsning av 0,1 vektdel ammoniumpersulfat i 5 added 320 parts by weight of vinyl acetate at 78 - 80°C, after which a solution of 0.1 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate in 5
vektdeler vann og deretter en blanding av 360 vektdeler vinylacetat og 150 vektdeler butylacrylat i løpet av 135 minutter. parts by weight of water and then a mixture of 360 parts by weight of vinyl acetate and 150 parts by weight of butyl acrylate during 135 minutes.
For å fullføre polymerisasjonen ble 0,5 vektdel ammoniumpersulfat tilsatt porsjonsvis i løpet av den neste time. Lateksporsjonen inneholdt 69,5% tørrstoff og hadde etter av- To complete the polymerization, 0.5 parts by weight of ammonium persulfate was added portionwise over the next hour. The latex export contained 69.5% dry matter and had after
kjøling til romtemperatur en Brookfield-viskositet (RVF,cooling to room temperature a Brookfield viscosity (RVF,
r r
spindel nr. 2) , på 1200 cp ved 2 rpm og 570 cp ved 20 rpm.spindle no. 2), of 1200 cp at 2 rpm and 570 cp at 20 rpm.
. Eksempel 4 Eksempel 2 ble gjentatt, bortsett fra at 8,7. vektdeler acrylsyre ble innlemmet ved den andre monomertilsetning, dvs. . Example 4 Example 2 was repeated, except that 8.7. parts by weight acrylic acid was incorporated by the second monomer addition, i.e.
i vinylacetat-butylacrylat-blandingen. Lateksen inneholdt 65,8% faste stoffer og hadde en Brookfield-viskositet (RVF, in the vinyl acetate-butyl acrylate mixture. The latex contained 65.8% solids and had a Brookfield viscosity (RVF,
spindel nr. 2) på 2600 cp ved 2 rpm og 900 cp ved 20 rpm.spindle No. 2) of 2600 cp at 2 rpm and 900 cp at 20 rpm.
i Eksempel 5 in Example 5
For å teste egenskapene av lateksene med høyt faststoffinnholdTo test the properties of the high solids latexes
ifølge oppfinnelsen ble standard lateksmalinger fremstilt ut fra copolymerlateksene ifølge eksempel 1 (Del A) og eksempel 2 (Del-B). Under anvendelse av vanlige malingfremstillingsmetoder ble det tilberedt et pigmentpulver, som så ble blandet med lateks, vann og fortykningsoppløsning, således at det ble opp- according to the invention, standard latex paints were produced from the copolymer latexes according to example 1 (Part A) and example 2 (Part-B). Using normal paint manufacturing methods, a pigment powder was prepared, which was then mixed with latex, water and thickening solution, so that it was dissolved
nådd en egnet viskositet for påstrykning. Viskositeten av malingen betegnet Del A var 77 Krebs-enheter (Krebs Unit; K.U.), reached a suitable viscosity for application. The viscosity of the paint designated Part A was 77 Krebs Units (Krebs Unit; K.U.),
mens viskositeten av malingen betegnet Del B var 84 Krebs-while the viscosity of the paint designated Part B was 84 Krebs-
enheter. Begge malinger ble påført et Leneta^-kontrastdiagram under anvendelse av en 0,15 mm stift. De tørre avsetninger ble undersøkt og viste seg å være fullt ut tilfredsstillende, units. Both paints were applied to a Leneta^ contrast chart using a 0.15 mm stylus. The dry deposits were examined and found to be fully satisfactory,
uten tegn til latekskoagulering eller pigmentagglomerering.without signs of latex coagulation or pigment agglomeration.
Dekkevnen ble ansett for å være fullt ut tilfredsstillende. Utstrykninger ble foretatt på sammenpresset papp, både ett og The covering ability was considered to be fully satisfactory. Smears were made on compressed cardboard, both one and
to strøk, med tørkning natten over mellom strøkene. Påføringen av de to malinger skjedde uten vanskeligheter av noen art. Lagringsstabiliteten ble undersøkt ved måling av viskositeten two coats, with drying overnight between coats. The application of the two paints occurred without difficulties of any kind. The storage stability was investigated by measuring the viscosity
etter 1 måned og viste seg å være utmerket. Viskositeten avafter 1 month and proved to be excellent. The viscosity of
malingen betegnet Del A øket med bare 2 K.U., mens malingen betegnet Del B bibeholdt sin viskositet. the paint designated Part A increased by only 2 K.U., while the paint designated Part B maintained its viscosity.
Eksempel 6Example 6
De følgende bestanddeler ble satt til en harpikskolbe i The following ingredients were added to a resin flask i
som i eksempel 1:as in example 1:
De overflateaktive midler, polyvinylpyrrolidonet og The surfactants, polyvinylpyrrolidone and
bufferen ble oppløst i kaldt vann. Oppløsningen ble sammen med 40 g vinylacetat tilført reaktoren og oppvarmet. Ved 60°C the buffer was dissolved in cold water. The solution was added to the reactor together with 40 g of vinyl acetate and heated. At 60°C
ble den første del av katalysatoren tilsatt, og da reaksjonstemperaturen hadde nådd 72°C, ble det første monomertilsetningstrinn (tilsetning av 320 g vinylacetat) påbegynt. Under denne tilsetning (65 minutter) ble polymerisasjonstemperaturen holdt ved 76 - 78°C ved kjøling. Straks tilsetningen var fullført ble det annet monomertilsetningstrinn (360 g vinylacetat blandet med 150 g butylacrylat) påbegynt. Reaksjonstemperaturen falt, the first part of the catalyst was added, and when the reaction temperature had reached 72°C, the first monomer addition step (addition of 320 g of vinyl acetate) was started. During this addition (65 minutes) the polymerization temperature was maintained at 76-78°C by cooling. As soon as the addition was complete, the second monomer addition step (360 g of vinyl acetate mixed with 150 g of butyl acrylate) was started. The reaction temperature dropped,
og det var nødvendig med svak oppvarmning for å hindre reaksjonstemperaturen i å synke. Tilsetningshastigheten var noe lav for å hindre opphopning av fri monomer i reaktoren, hvilket ville kunne føre til skumdannelse. katalysator ble tilsatt både da tilsetningen ble påbegynt og ved fullførelsen av denne. Etter fullført monomertilsetning (160 minutter) steg temperaturen til 84°C. Den erholdte lateks hadde et godt utseende. Bare meget små mengder partikler ble tilbake på filteret etter sikting av lateksen. and slight heating was necessary to prevent the reaction temperature from falling. The rate of addition was somewhat low to prevent the accumulation of free monomer in the reactor, which could lead to foam formation. catalyst was added both when the addition was started and at its completion. After completion of monomer addition (160 minutes) the temperature rose to 84°C. The latex obtained had a good appearance. Only very small amounts of particles remained on the filter after sifting the latex.
i Lateksen utmerket seg ved de følgende egenskaper: i The latex excelled in the following properties:
Faststoffinnhold: 64,8%<;>Brookfield-viskositet (Spindel nr. 1) Solids Content: 64.8%<;>Brookfield Viscosity (Spindle No. 1)
Nedtrekk av lateksen på glass så meget bra ut. Lateksen var noe uklar, men fri for gel og bobler. Pulling down the latex on glass looked very good. The latex was somewhat cloudy, but free of gel and bubbles.
f f
Eksempel 7Example 7
De følgende bestanddeler ble satt til en harpikskolbe ,som i eksempel 1: The following ingredients were added to a resin flask, as in example 1:
Oppløsningen av polyvinylpyrrolidon og overflateaktivt The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and surfactant
middel ble tilberedt, og pH-verdien innnstilt som i de fore-agent was prepared, and the pH value set as in the previous
gående eksempler. Førstetrinnstilsetningen av monomer (55 f minutter) ble foretatt med porsjoner å 40 og 320 g vinylacetat. Annettrinnstilsetningen (140 minutter) ble foretatt med en walking examples. The first stage addition of monomer (55 minutes) was carried out with portions of 40 and 320 g of vinyl acetate. The second stage addition (140 minutes) was carried out with a
blanding av 380 g. vinylacetat og 157 g butylacrylat. Skjønt mengden av monomer i det andre tilsetningstrinn ble øket litt for å kompensere for eventuelle tap, viste faststoffinnholdet at dette ikke var nødvendig. Da annettrinnstilsetningen ble påbegynt, sank reaksjonstemperaturen på vanlig måte. På dette tidspunkt ble det tilsatt 0,1 g ytterligere katalysator, men uten at dette førte til noe særlig resultat. Reaksjonstempera- mixture of 380 g vinyl acetate and 157 g butyl acrylate. Although the amount of monomer in the second addition step was slightly increased to compensate for any losses, the solids content showed that this was not necessary. When the second-stage addition was started, the reaction temperature dropped in the usual way. At this point, 0.1 g of further catalyst was added, but without this leading to any particular result. reaction tempera-
turen ble så regulert gjennom regulering av monomerstrømmen og badtemperaturen. Da det annet trinn ble påbegynt, falt temperaturen til 75°C, men under størstedelen av tiden var den mellom 78 og 80°C. Etter endt monomertilsetning ble 0,2 g (NH4)2S2Og the trip was then regulated through regulation of the monomer flow and the bath temperature. When the second stage was started, the temperature dropped to 75°C, but for most of the time it was between 78 and 80°C. After the end of monomer addition, 0.2 g (NH4)2S2Og
. tilsatt. Temperaturen steg til 83°C. Ingen skumdannelse ble iakttatt. Lateksen inneholdt den vanlige mengde partikler, men så snart disse partikler var blitt fjernet ved filtrering, hadde produktet et aksepterbart utseende. Lateksen oppviste de følgende egenskaper: Fatstoffinnhold: 65,7% Brookfield-viskositet (Spindel nr. 2) . added. The temperature rose to 83°C. No foaming was observed. The latex contained the usual amount of particles, but as soon as these particles had been removed by filtration, the product had an acceptable appearance. The latex exhibited the following properties: Solids content: 65.7% Brookfield viscosity (Spindle no. 2)
Et neddtrekk av lateksen på glass førte til en viss uklarhet, men lateksen hadde like fullt et godt utseende totalt sett. A pull down of the latex on glass led to some clouding, but the latex still had a good appearance overall.
r Eksempel 8 r Example 8
De følgende malingpreparater for innendørs bruk ble fremstilt ut fra copolymerlateksene ifølge eksempler 6 og 7: The following paint preparations for indoor use were prepared from the copolymer latexes according to examples 6 and 7:
Pigmentpulver ( i en Cowles oppløser)Pigment powder (in a Cowles solvent)
Nedtrekk av malinger A og B ble gjort på Lcneta-kontrast-diagrammer under anvendelse av en 0,15 mm stift. Malingene ble strøket ut på sammenpresset kartong, både i ett og i to strøk, Drawdowns of paints A and B were made on Lcneta contrast charts using a 0.15 mm stylus. The paints were spread on compressed cardboard, both in one and two coats,
t t
med tørkning natten over mellom strøkene. Kartongplaten ble påstrøket den fortynnede lateks ifølge eksempel 6 før with overnight drying between coats. The cardboard sheet was coated with the diluted latex according to Example 6 above
malingen ble påført. Både nedtrekkene og de påstrøkne skiktthe paint was applied. Both the downdrafts and the applied layers
var tilfredsstillende. Ingen latekskoagulering eller pigment- r agglomerering fant sted, hverken for den ene eller den andre av malingene. was satisfactory. No latex coagulation or pigment agglomeration took place, either for one or the other of the paints.
Viskositeter: maling A 84 K.U.Viscosities: paint A 84 K.U.
maling B 79 K.U. paint B 79 K.U.
Eksempel 9Example 9
De følgende bestanddeler ble satt til en harpikskolbeThe following ingredients were added to a resin flask
som i eksempel 1:as in example 1:
Førstetrinnstilsetningen av monomer (360 g vinylacetat i. løpet The first-stage addition of monomer (360 g of vinyl acetate in the course
av 75 minutter) ble fullført, og etter at det gjensto å til-of 75 minutes) was completed, and after it remained to-
s ette ca. 130 ml av monomerblandingen under tilsetningen isee approx. 130 ml of the monomer mixture during the addition of i
det andre trinn (360 g vinylacetat blandet med 150 g butylacrylat) , ble den siste tilsetning av katalysator påbegynt (0,5 g ammoniumsulfat i 20 ml vann). Den erholdte lateks hadde godt utseende, selv om den inneholdt den vanlige mengde par- the second step (360 g of vinyl acetate mixed with 150 g of butyl acrylate), the last addition of catalyst was started (0.5 g of ammonium sulfate in 20 ml of water). The latex obtained had a good appearance, although it contained the usual amount of par-
tikler, som lett lot seg fjerne ved filtrering eller på lignende måte. Lateksen oppviste de følgende egenskaper: Faststoffinnhold: 69,3-69,5% ticks, which were easily removed by filtration or a similar method. The latex showed the following properties: Solids content: 69.3-69.5%
Brookfield-viskositet (Spindel nr. 2)Brookfield Viscosity (Spindle No. 2)
Nedtrekk av lateksen som ble gjort flere dager etter produktets fremstilling ga et meget godt gel- og boblefritt belegg. Pulling down the latex, which was done several days after the product was made, gave a very good gel- and bubble-free coating.
Eksempel 10 Example 10
De følgende bestanddeler ble satt til en harpikskolbeThe following ingredients were added to a resin flask
som i eksempel 2:as in example 2:
Polymerisasjonen ble startet på samme måte som i eksempel 6, The polymerization was started in the same way as in Example 6,
idet imidlertid 360 g vinylacetat ble tilsatt i det første trinn (i løpet av 65 minutter), mens 360 g vinylacetat blandet med 150 g butylacrylat og 8,7 g acrylsyre ble tilsatt i det andre trinn (i løpet av 160 minutter). Under det andre trinn ble tilførselshastigheten og badtemperaturen regulert slik at temperaturen alltid lå nær opp til badtemperaturen (78 - 80°C). however, 360 g of vinyl acetate was added in the first step (within 65 minutes), while 360 g of vinyl acetate mixed with 150 g of butyl acrylate and 8.7 g of acrylic acid was added in the second step (within 160 minutes). During the second stage, the supply rate and the bath temperature were regulated so that the temperature was always close to the bath temperature (78 - 80°C).
Ingen katalysatortilsetning ble foretatt ved påbegynnelsen av tilsetningen i det andre trinn. Den avsluttende katalysatortilsetning ble startet ca. 5 minutter etter fullført tilsetning og strakte seg over ca. 15 minutter. Etter fullføringen av monomertilsetningen var reaksjonstemperaturen i ca. 40 minutter noe høyere enn eller like .høy som badtemperaturen. Ca. 15 minutter etter at reaksjonstemperaturen hadde begynt å falle ble reaktorens innhold avkjølt til romtemperatur. Den erholdte lateks hadde ingen lukt av fri monomer og hadde et godt, nesten partikkelfritt utseende. Lateksen lot seg meget lett sikte. No catalyst addition was made at the start of the addition in the second stage. The final catalyst addition was started approx. 5 minutes after completion of addition and extended over approx. 15 minutes. After the completion of the monomer addition, the reaction temperature was for approx. 40 minutes somewhat higher than or as high as the bath temperature. About. 15 minutes after the reaction temperature had started to fall, the contents of the reactor were cooled to room temperature. The latex obtained had no odor of free monomer and had a good, almost particle-free appearance. The latex allowed itself to be aimed very easily.
Lateksen oppviste de følgende egenskaper:The latex exhibited the following properties:
r r
Faststoffinnhold: 65,8% Solids content: 65.8%
Brookfield-viskositet (Spindel nr. 2) Brookfield Viscosity (Spindle No. 2)
Nedtrekk av lateksen på glass ga et gel- og boblefritt belegg med meget godt generelt utseende. Drawing down the latex on glass produced a gel- and bubble-free coating with a very good overall appearance.
Eksempel 11 Example 11
I dette eksempel ble det erholdt en lateks med høy viskositet, idet polymerisasjonen ble utført i to trinn, men med polymerisering av en blanding av vinylacetat og butyl- In this example, a latex with high viscosity was obtained, the polymerization being carried out in two stages, but with the polymerization of a mixture of vinyl acetate and butyl
acrylat i hvert av monomertilsetningstrinnene. De følgende bestanddeler ble satt til en harpikskolbe som i eksempel 1: acrylate in each of the monomer addition steps. The following ingredients were added to a resin flask as in Example 1:
For å lette oppløsningen av det anvendte "Emersal 6400" ble det satt litt vann til det overflateaktive middel, hvoretter det ble foretatt oppvarmning. To facilitate the dissolution of the "Emersal 6400" used, a little water was added to the surfactant, after which heating was carried out.
Monomerblandingene ble tilberedt som følger:The monomer mixtures were prepared as follows:
r r
Førstetrinnstilsetningen av monomer strakte seg over 80 minutter, mens det annettrinnstilsetning av monomer strakte seg over 85 minutter. Ingen ekstra mengde katalysator ble til- r satt etter fullføringen av monomertilsetningene. Den erholdte lateks, som inneholdt den vanlige lille mengde partikler, The first stage monomer addition spanned 80 minutes, while the second stage monomer addition spanned 85 minutes. No additional amount of catalyst was added after the completion of the monomer additions. The latex obtained, which contained the usual small amount of particles,
hadde et godt utseende og viste bare enørliten tendens til utvidelse. had a good appearance and showed only a slight tendency to expand.
Lateksen oppviste de følgende egenskaper:The latex exhibited the following properties:
Faststoffinnhold: 65,2% r Brookfield-viskositet (Spindel nr. 3) Solids content: 65.2% r Brookfield viscosity (Spindle No. 3)
Nedtrekk av denne lateks på glass oppviste et godt utseende med en ørliten uklarhet. Pulldowns of this latex on glass showed a good appearance with a slight haze.
i r in r
F F
iin
Claims (12)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12860380A | 1980-03-10 | 1980-03-10 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO810785L true NO810785L (en) | 1981-09-11 |
Family
ID=22436127
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO810785A NO810785L (en) | 1980-03-10 | 1981-03-09 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF LOW-viscous COPOLYMER LATEX WITH HIGH-DISTRIBUTION CONTENT |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS56141311A (en) |
BE (1) | BE887849A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8101357A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1185033A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3109085A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2477555A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2071122B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1195273B (en) |
NL (1) | NL8101158A (en) |
NO (1) | NO810785L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS59152971A (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-31 | Daicel Chem Ind Ltd | Pressure-sensitive adhesive having high solid content and its preparation |
US5182179A (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1993-01-26 | Rohm And Haas Company | Fiber binder |
DE19912191C2 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2001-07-26 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Process for the preparation of high solids aqueous polymer dispersions |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1481881A (en) * | 1965-06-04 | 1967-05-19 | Celanese Corp | Manufacturing process of vinyl acetate copolymer emulsions |
FR1539441A (en) * | 1966-10-05 | 1968-09-13 | Celanese Corp | Process for preparing aqueous emulsions of polymers |
GB1363432A (en) * | 1970-11-25 | 1974-08-14 | Ici Ltd | Coating compositions |
-
1981
- 1981-02-18 CA CA000371121A patent/CA1185033A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-03-04 FR FR8104335A patent/FR2477555A1/en active Pending
- 1981-03-09 IT IT20208/81A patent/IT1195273B/en active
- 1981-03-09 BE BE0/204050A patent/BE887849A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-03-09 BR BR8101357A patent/BR8101357A/en unknown
- 1981-03-09 NO NO810785A patent/NO810785L/en unknown
- 1981-03-10 DE DE3109085A patent/DE3109085A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-03-10 JP JP3326781A patent/JPS56141311A/en active Pending
- 1981-03-10 NL NL8101158A patent/NL8101158A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-03-10 GB GB8107494A patent/GB2071122B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE887849A (en) | 1981-09-09 |
IT1195273B (en) | 1988-10-12 |
DE3109085A1 (en) | 1982-02-18 |
GB2071122B (en) | 1984-08-15 |
GB2071122A (en) | 1981-09-16 |
IT8120208A0 (en) | 1981-03-09 |
BR8101357A (en) | 1981-09-15 |
NL8101158A (en) | 1981-10-01 |
FR2477555A1 (en) | 1981-09-11 |
CA1185033A (en) | 1985-04-02 |
JPS56141311A (en) | 1981-11-05 |
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