NO793363L - PROCEDURE FOR DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOS MATERIALS - Google Patents
PROCEDURE FOR DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOS MATERIALSInfo
- Publication number
- NO793363L NO793363L NO793363A NO793363A NO793363L NO 793363 L NO793363 L NO 793363L NO 793363 A NO793363 A NO 793363A NO 793363 A NO793363 A NO 793363A NO 793363 L NO793363 L NO 793363L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- anthraquinone
- lignocellulosic material
- alkyl
- cyclic keto
- compounds
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 cyclic keto compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 NJWGQARXZDRHCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002791 naphthoquinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005698 Diels-Alder reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- YYVYAPXYZVYDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-phenanthroquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YYVYAPXYZVYDHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthrone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3CC2=C1 RJGDLRCDCYRQOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- CQGDBBBZCJYDRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2OC CQGDBBBZCJYDRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SFSLTRCPISPSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10-methylideneanthracen-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 SFSLTRCPISPSKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LHMRXAIRPKSGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione Chemical compound C1=CC2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O LHMRXAIRPKSGDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IZUKQUVSCNEFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IZUKQUVSCNEFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UBZAFMFVKZCUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3CC(C)=CC(C)C3C(=O)C2=C1 UBZAFMFVKZCUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XPCZSIPRUSOJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2C1CC=CC2 XPCZSIPRUSOJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FYFDQJRXFWGIBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 FYFDQJRXFWGIBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFZHODLXYNDBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 YFZHODLXYNDBSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YFXCHAUHDMOLPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3CC(C)=C(C)CC3C(=O)C2=C1 YFXCHAUHDMOLPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KIJPZYXCIHZVGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(C)C(C)=C2 KIJPZYXCIHZVGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LQCKFXAPVKCRRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrobenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O LQCKFXAPVKCRRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JQQLIJAFGKWFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 JQQLIJAFGKWFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RATJDSXPVPAWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,7-dimethylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=C(C)C=C2C(=O)C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RATJDSXPVPAWJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOGPDSATLSAZEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(N)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 XOGPDSATLSAZEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DLIVBMRBFQRLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3CC=C(CC)CC3C(=O)C2=C1 DLIVBMRBFQRLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SJEBAWHUJDUKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylanthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(CC)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 SJEBAWHUJDUKQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DPJCXCZTLWNFOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O DPJCXCZTLWNFOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 VYWYYJYRVSBHJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzaldehyde Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 BXRFQSNOROATLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPTVNYMJQHSSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 ZPTVNYMJQHSSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- AWKYKXCWTDDILL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,4a,5,8,8a,9a,10a-octahydroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2CC=CCC2C(=O)C2C1CC=CC2 AWKYKXCWTDDILL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CYEZXDVLBGFROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-Dihydroxy-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1 CYEZXDVLBGFROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 240000009002 Picea mariana Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000017997 Picea mariana var. mariana Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000018000 Picea mariana var. semiprostrata Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- LEZKFVONGDQRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-naphtho[2,3-g]indazole-6,11-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC1=C2NN=C1 LEZKFVONGDQRHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DGLSEJAACVWJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphtho[3,2-f]quinoxaline-7,12-dione Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC=CN=C2C2=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C2=O DGLSEJAACVWJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RBGUKBSLNOTVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=CC=C2C RBGUKBSLNOTVCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000018185 Betula X alpestris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000018212 Betula X uliginosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- SPUJCXKFUOZIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene-9,10-dione Chemical compound O=C1C(CCCC2)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CCCC2 SPUJCXKFUOZIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLCPKMIJYMHZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzene-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZLCPKMIJYMHZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000283070 Abies balsamea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004710 Abies lasiocarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000208140 Acer Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000000731 Fagus sylvatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010099 Fagus sylvatica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218978 Populus deltoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000183024 Populus tremula Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000305267 Quercus macrolepis Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005182 dinitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
- D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
- D21C3/222—Use of compounds accelerating the pulping processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C1/00—Pretreatment of the finely-divided materials before digesting
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Description
Denne oppfinnelse angår en fremgangsmåte til delignifisering av lignocellulosematerialer såsom tre, halm, bagasse m.v. og angår spesielt en forbedret alkalisk massekokings-prosess i dampfase for fremstilling av en kjemisk cellulose-masse. This invention relates to a method for delignification of lignocellulosic materials such as wood, straw, bagasse etc. and relates in particular to an improved alkaline pulp boiling process in the vapor phase for the production of a chemical cellulose pulp.
Behandling av lignocellulosemateriale for å fremstille cellulose egnet til fabrikasjon av papirprodukter omfatter fjerning av lignin og andre ikke-cellulosekomponenter såsom gummi. Reagenser som angriper lignin uten å påvirke cellulose-komponenten merkbart, foretrekkes til dette øyemed. Det er fremdeles vanlig praksis i dag å benytte disse reagenser i form av vandige løsninger og å gjennomføre kokingen av lignocellulosematerialer i slike løsninger under temperatur- og trykkbetingelser valgt for å gi et akseptabelt lignin/celluloser forhold. Avhengig av de anvendte reagensers natur, er denne fremgangsmåte i væskefase kjent under betegnelsene sodaprosessen, hvor reagenset er natriumhydroksyd alene, kraft-prosessen, hvor reagensene er natriumhydroksyd og natriumsulfid, polysulfidprosessen, hvor reagensene er natriumhydroksyd, natriumsulfid og polysulfider, eller den neutrale halvkjemiske sulfittprosessen, hvor reagensene er en alkalimetallbase, såsom natriumhydroksyd, og et alkalimetallsulfitt, såsom natriumsulfitt. Alle disse reagenser har det felles at de gir alkaliske vandige løsninger, som således utgjør alkaliske kokevæsker. Treatment of lignocellulosic material to produce cellulose suitable for the manufacture of paper products involves the removal of lignin and other non-cellulosic components such as rubber. Reagents which attack lignin without appreciably affecting the cellulose component are preferred for this purpose. It is still common practice today to use these reagents in the form of aqueous solutions and to carry out the boiling of lignocellulosic materials in such solutions under temperature and pressure conditions chosen to give an acceptable lignin/cellulose ratio. Depending on the nature of the reagents used, this method in the liquid phase is known under the names the soda process, where the reagent is sodium hydroxide alone, the kraft process, where the reagents are sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide, the polysulfide process, where the reagents are sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfide and polysulfides, or the neutral semi-chemical sulfite process , where the reagents are an alkali metal base, such as sodium hydroxide, and an alkali metal sulfite, such as sodium sulfite. All these reagents have in common that they give alkaline aqueous solutions, which thus constitute alkaline cooking liquids.
Under forsøk på å forbedre den'ovennevnte prosess i væskefase er visse modifikasjoner blitt foreslått. En slik modifikasjon, kjent som dampfaseprosessen, består i å impregnere lignocellulosematerialer i en egnet oppdelt stand med en alkalisk kokelut, å fjerne eventuelt overskudd av kokeluten og deretter koke det impregnerte materiale under samme tids-og temperaturbetingelser som ved konvensjonell væskefasekoking. Et eksempel på denne fremgangsmåte, hvor kraftlut benyttes som impregneringsvæske, beskrives av Kleinert i In attempts to improve the above liquid phase process, certain modifications have been proposed. Such a modification, known as the vapor phase process, consists in impregnating lignocellulosic materials in a suitable divided state with an alkaline cooking liquor, removing any excess of the cooking liquor and then cooking the impregnated material under the same time and temperature conditions as in conventional liquid phase cooking. An example of this method, where lye is used as impregnation liquid, is described by Kleinert i
U.S. patent nr. 3 215 588 av 2. november 1965. Sammenlignet med væskefaseprosessen gir dampfaseprosessen høyere kokehastighet og lavere kjemikalieforbruk. U.S. patent no. 3 215 588 of 2 November 1965. Compared to the liquid phase process, the vapor phase process provides a higher boiling speed and lower chemical consumption.
En annen modifikasjon, foreslått nylig, beskrives i britisk patentsøknad nr. 5374/77 av 9. februar 1977 (U.S. patent nr. 4 012 280, utgitt .15. mars 1977) så vel som i U.S. patentsøknad nr. 750 441, innlevert 14. desember 1976 og U.S. patent nr. 4 036 680 og 4 036 681, utgitt 19. juli 1977. Disse søknader beskriver koking av lignocellulosematerialer i en væskefaseprosess med en alkalisk kokelut, som inneholder fra 0,001% til 10,0 vekt%, regnet på ligno-eellulosematerialet, av en cyklisk keto-forbindelse utvalgt fra gruppen naftokinon, antrakinon, antron, fenantrenkinon, alkyl-, alkoksy- og aminoderivativer av disse forbindelser, 6,11-diokso-lH-antra [1,2-c ] pyrazol, antrakinon-1,2-nafta-kridon, 7,12-diokso-7,12-dihydroantra[1,2-b]pyrazin, 1,2-benzantrakinon, 10-metylenantron og de usubstituerte og lavere-alkyl-substituerte Diels Alder addisjonsprodukter av naftokinon og benzokinon. Sammenlignet med den konvensjonelle væskefaseprosessen resulterer denne modifikasjon som består av tilsats til kokeluten av noen av de ovenfor nevnte cykliske keto-forbindelsene, i en økt kokehastighet så vel som i et bedre masseutbytte. En stor fordel ved denne modifikasjon når den tillempes på sodaprosessen, er at den gjør sistnevnte like virkningsfull som den konvensjonelle kraft-prosessen ved koking av mykt tre. Another modification, proposed more recently, is described in British Patent Application No. 5374/77 of February 9, 1977 (U.S. Patent No. 4,012,280, issued March 15, 1977) as well as in U.S. Pat. Patent Application No. 750,441, filed Dec. 14, 1976 and U.S. Pat. Patent Nos. 4,036,680 and 4,036,681, issued July 19, 1977. These applications describe the cooking of lignocellulosic materials in a liquid phase process with an alkaline cooking liquor containing from 0.001% to 10.0% by weight, calculated on the lignocellulosic material, of a cyclic keto compound selected from the group of naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, anthrone, phenanthrenequinone, alkyl, alkoxy and amino derivatives of these compounds, 6,11-dioxo-1H-anthra [1,2-c ] pyrazole, anthraquinone-1,2 -naphtha-cridone, 7,12-dioxo-7,12-dihydroanthra[1,2-b]pyrazine, 1,2-benzanthraquinone, 10-methyleneanthrone and the unsubstituted and lower-alkyl-substituted Diels Alder addition products of naphthoquinone and benzoquinone . Compared to the conventional liquid phase process, this modification consisting of addition to the cooking liquor of some of the above-mentioned cyclic keto compounds results in an increased cooking rate as well as a better mass yield. A great advantage of this modification when applied to the soda process is that it makes the latter as effective as the conventional kraft process in boiling soft wood.
■ Det er nå blitt funnet at det finnes fordeler som kan oppnås ved å benytte de ovenfor beskrevne cykliske keto-forbindelser som additiver i dampfaseprosessen. Det fore-slås derfor ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse å delignifi-sere lignocellulosemateriale ved å impregnere lignocellulosematerialet i findelt tilstand med en alkalisk kokevæske som inneholder en passende mengde av en cyklisk keto-forbindelse som definert ovenfor, å fjerne eventuelt overskudd av væske og til slutt å oppvarme til en temperatur og i et tidsrom som er tilstrekkelig til å tilveiebringe den ønskede koke-grad. Ved fremstilling av masser med ekvivalente resterende ligriin-konsentrasjoner etter ekvivalente kokeskjemaer (tid/ temperatur-profil), resulterer denne nye dampfaseprosess, .sammenlignet med den ovenfor nevnte væskefaseprosess med bruk av cykliske keto-forbindelser, i høyere masseutbytte, ■ It has now been found that there are advantages to be gained by using the above-described cyclic keto compounds as additives in the vapor phase process. It is therefore proposed according to the present invention to delignify lignocellulosic material by impregnating the lignocellulosic material in a finely divided state with an alkaline cooking liquid containing a suitable amount of a cyclic keto compound as defined above, to remove any excess liquid and finally to heating to a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to provide the desired degree of boiling. When producing pulps with equivalent residual ligriin concentrations following equivalent cooking schedules (time/temperature profile), this new vapor phase process, compared to the above-mentioned liquid phase process using cyclic keto compounds, results in a higher mass yield,
samtidig som den krever mindre, mengde kaustisk soda og cykliske keto-forbindelser, under bibeholdelse av fordelene ved den konvensjonelle dampfaseprosess. while requiring less amount of caustic soda and cyclic keto compounds, while maintaining the advantages of the conventional vapor phase process.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse omfatter trinnene: 1. Impregnering av lignocellulosemateriale i findelt tilstand med en alkalisk kokelut inneholdende 0,001 til 10 vekt%, regnet på lignocellulosematerialet, av en cyklisk keto-forbindelse utvalgt fra gruppen som består av naftokinon, antrakinon, antron, fenantrenkinon, alkyl-, alkoksy- og aminoderivatene av disse forbindelser, 6,11-diokso-lH-antra [1,2-c]pyrazol, antrakinon-1,2-naftakridon, 7,12-diokso-7,12-dihydro-antra[1,2-b]-pyrazin, 1,2-benzantrakinon, 10-metylenantron, og de usubstituerte og lavere-alkyl-substituerte Diels Alder addisjonsprodukter av naftokinon og benzokinon, 2. fjerning av eventuelt overskudd av væske fra det impregnerte materiale, og 3. koking av det nevnte'impregnerte materiale ved oppvarming til en temperatur i området 150°C til 200°C i et tidsrom på The method according to the present invention includes the steps: 1. Impregnation of lignocellulosic material in a finely divided state with an alkaline cooking liquor containing 0.001 to 10% by weight, calculated on the lignocellulosic material, of a cyclic keto compound selected from the group consisting of naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, anthrone, phenanthrenequinone , the alkyl, alkoxy and amino derivatives of these compounds, 6,11-dioxo-1H-anthra[1,2-c]pyrazole, anthraquinone-1,2-naphthacridone, 7,12-dioxo-7,12-dihydro- anthra[1,2-b]-pyrazine, 1,2-benzanthraquinone, 10-methyleneanthrone, and the unsubstituted and lower-alkyl-substituted Diels Alder addition products of naphthoquinone and benzoquinone, 2. removal of any excess liquid from the impregnated material , and 3. boiling said 'impregnated material' by heating to a temperature in the range of 150°C to 200°C for a period of
0,5 til 480 minutter. 0.5 to 480 minutes.
Det kokte lignocellulosematerialet fremstilt ved det tredje trinn ovenfor, blir så vasket som i de konvensjonelle fremgangsmåter med vann eller en vandig væske som er inert overfor lignocellulosematerialet, for å oppnå et delignifi-sert cellulosemateriale som kan benyttes uten videre behandling eller kan underkastes de konvensjonelle bleketrinn. The boiled lignocellulosic material produced in the third step above is then washed as in the conventional methods with water or an aqueous liquid which is inert to the lignocellulosic material, to obtain a delignified cellulose material which can be used without further treatment or can be subjected to the conventional bleaching steps .
Når det lignocellulosemateriale som benyttes er tre, om-dannes det først til flis. Dette trinn trengs selvfølgelig ikke når lignocellulosematerialet er i fiberform. When the lignocellulosic material used is wood, it is first converted into chips. This step is of course not needed when the lignocellulosic material is in fiber form.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen kan benyttes til delignifisering av så vel nåletre som løvtre. Med nåletre menes arter som furu, gran og balsamgran. Med løvtre menes arter som bjerk, osp, "eastern cottonwood", lønn, bøk og ek. The method according to the invention can be used for delignification of softwood as well as hardwood. Conifers mean species such as pine, spruce and balsam fir. By hardwood we mean species such as birch, aspen, "eastern cottonwood", maple, beech and oak.
Når man behandler løvtre med høy tetthet, så som bjerk, er When treating high-density hardwood, such as birch, is
det å foretrekke å bruke lengre tid for å oppnå koketempera- it is preferable to use a longer time to reach the boiling tempera-
tur i det tredje trinn. trip in the third stage.
Kokevæsker egnet til bruk i det første trinn av fremgangsmåten er soda-, kraft-, polysulfid- og alkaliske sulfittluter. Dog er sodalut langt å foretrekke, fordi den ikke inneholder noen svovelforbindelser og følgelig er betraktelig mindre forurensende enn de tre andre væskene. Boiling liquids suitable for use in the first stage of the method are soda, kraft, polysulphide and alkaline sulphite liquors. However, soda ash is far preferable, because it contains no sulfur compounds and is therefore considerably less polluting than the other three liquids.
Sodaluten inneholder fra 8 til 20 vekt% alkalimetallbase uttrykt som prosent effektivt alkali, basert på vekten av lignocellulosematerialet, og vanligvis inneholder den også alkalimetallkarbonat. The soda liquor contains from 8 to 20% by weight of alkali metal base expressed as percent effective alkali, based on the weight of the lignocellulosic material, and usually also contains alkali metal carbonate.
Kraftlut inneholder fra 8 til 15 vekt% alkalimetallbase uttrykt som prosent effektivt alkali (TAPPI T-1203 S-6) og fra 5 til 40 vekt% alkalimetallsulfid uttrykt som prosent sulfiditet (TAPPI T-1203 OS-61), basert på lignocellulosematerialet. Power liquor contains from 8 to 15% by weight of alkali metal base expressed as percent effective alkali (TAPPI T-1203 S-6) and from 5 to 40% by weight of alkali metal sulfide expressed as percent sulfidity (TAPPI T-1203 OS-61), based on the lignocellulosic material.
Polysulfidluten er i hovedsak en kraftlut som definert i det foregående avsnitt, inneholdende svovel i overskudd, dvs. polysulfider. Nærvær av polysulfider resulterer i et forbedret utbytte, og derfor er en mengde på 1,0 til 5,0%, fortrinnsvis 2% derav (uttrykt som svovel og basert på vekten av lignocellulosemateriale) i luten avgjordt en fordel. The polysulphide liquor is essentially a kraft liquor as defined in the previous section, containing sulfur in excess, i.e. polysulphides. The presence of polysulfides results in an improved yield, and therefore an amount of 1.0 to 5.0%, preferably 2% thereof (expressed as sulfur and based on the weight of lignocellulosic material) in the liquor is decidedly advantageous.
Den alkaliske sulfittlut er en lut som inneholder et alkalimetallhydroksyd, fortrinnsvis natriumhydroksyd, og et alkalimetallsulfitt, fortrinnsvis natriumsulfitt. The alkaline sulphite liquor is a liquor containing an alkali metal hydroxide, preferably sodium hydroxide, and an alkali metal sulphite, preferably sodium sulphite.
<:>Effektivt alkali er summen av alt.alkalihydroksyd i løsning uttrykt som Na2© inklusive det som dannes gjennom hydrolyse av alkalisulfid, også uttrykt som Na20. <:>Effective alkali is the sum of all alkali hydroxide in solution expressed as Na2© including that which is formed through hydrolysis of alkali sulphide, also expressed as Na20.
Sulfiditet er det samlede sulfid, uttrykt som Na20, beregnet som prosent av samlet titrerbart alkali, inklusive det som dannes gjennom hydrolyse. Sulphidity is the total sulphide, expressed as Na20, calculated as a percentage of total titratable alkali, including that formed through hydrolysis.
Som nevnt ovenfor er de forbindelser som er egnet til bruk som additiver i fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, cykliske keto-forbindelser utvalgt fra en gruppe som består av naftokinon, antrakinon, antron, fenantrenkinon, alkyl-, alkoksy- og aminoderivativer av disse forbindelser, 6,11-diokso-lH-antra [1,2-c ]-pyrazol, antrakinon-1,2-naftakridon, As mentioned above, the compounds which are suitable for use as additives in the method according to the invention are cyclic keto compounds selected from a group consisting of naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, anthrone, phenanthrenequinone, alkyl, alkoxy and amino derivatives of these compounds, 6, 11-dioxo-1H-anthra [1,2-c ]-pyrazole, anthraquinone-1,2-naphthacridone,
7,12-diokso-7,12-dihydroantra [1,2-b ]-pyrazin, 1,2-benzantrakinon, 10-metylenantron, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-oktahydroantrakinon og de usubstituerte og lavere-alkyl-substituerte Diels Alder addisjonsprodukter av naftokinon og benzokinon. Med alkyl- 7,12-dioxo-7,12-dihydroanthra [1,2-b ]-pyrazine, 1,2-benzanthraquinone, 10-methyleneanthrone, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthraquinone and the unsubstituted and lower-alkyl-substituted Diels Alder addition products of naphthoquinone and benzoquinone. With alkyl-
derivater av disse forbindelser menes å inkludere hvilken som helst av de fire forbindelser naftokinon, antrakinon, antron og fenantrenkinon substituert med en eller to alkylgrupper inneholdende 1 til 4, fortrinnsvis 1 til 2 karbonatomer. Blant de alkoksyderivater av samme fire forbindelser som er egnet til bruk som additiver, er de som har minst én alkoksysubstituent inneholdende 1 til 4, fortrinnsvis ett, karbonatom. Blant disse alkyl-, alkoksy og aminoderivater er de av antrakinon å foretrekke, og eksempel på slike er 1-metylantrakinon, 2-metylantrakinon, 2-etylantrakinon, 2,6-dimetylantrakinon, 2,7-dimetylantrakinon, 2,3-dimetylantrakinon, 1-metoksyantrakinon og 2-aminoantrakinon. derivatives of these compounds are meant to include any of the four compounds naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, anthrone and phenanthrenequinone substituted with one or two alkyl groups containing 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms. Among the alkoxy derivatives of the same four compounds which are suitable for use as additives are those which have at least one alkoxy substituent containing 1 to 4, preferably one, carbon atoms. Among these alkyl, alkoxy and amino derivatives, those of anthraquinone are preferable, and examples of such are 1-methylanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2,6-dimethylanthraquinone, 2,7-dimethylanthraquinone, 2,3-dimethylanthraquinone, 1-methoxyanthraquinone and 2-aminoanthraquinone.
De usubstituerte Diels Alder addisjonsprodukter som er egnet til bruk som additiver i fremgangsmåten ifølge denne oppfinnelse,, er de som erholdes ved å reagere 1 eller 2 mol butadien med henholdsvis naftokinon og benzokinon. Med lavere-alkyl-substituerte addisjonsprodukter menes de addisjonsprodukter som erholdes der hvor i den overfor nevnte reaksjon enten en eller begge reaktanter, er substituert med angjeldende lavere alkylgruppe. Sådanne lavere alkylgrupper kan i antall gå fra 1 til 4, kan hver inneholde 1 til 4 karbonatomer og kan være like eller forskjellige. Eksempler på Diels Alder addisjonsprodukter er 1,4,4a,5,8,8a,9a,10a-oktahydro.antrakinon, 2,3,6, 7-te trame ty 1-1,4,4a,5,8,8a,9a,10a-oktahydroantrakinon, 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroantrakinon, 2-etyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroantrakinon, 2,3-dimetyl-l,4,4a,9a-tetra-hydroantrakinon og 1,3-dimetyl-l,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroantrakinon. The unsubstituted Diels Alder addition products which are suitable for use as additives in the process according to this invention are those obtained by reacting 1 or 2 moles of butadiene with naphthoquinone and benzoquinone respectively. By lower-alkyl-substituted addition products are meant the addition products that are obtained where in the above-mentioned reaction either one or both reactants are substituted with the relevant lower alkyl group. Such lower alkyl groups may range in number from 1 to 4, may each contain 1 to 4 carbon atoms and may be the same or different. Examples of Diels Alder addition products are 1,4,4a,5,8,8a,9a,10a-octahydro.anthraquinone, 2,3,6, 7-te trame ty 1-1,4,4a,5,8,8a ,9a,10a-octahydroanthraquinone, 1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2-ethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone and 1 ,3-dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone.
Den cykliske keto-forbindelse som definert ovenfor til-settes til kokeluten før impregneringen av lignocellulosematerialet og brukes i andeler fra 0,001% til 10,0%, fortrinnsvis 0,01 til 1,0 vekt%, basert på lignocellulosematerialet. The cyclic keto compound as defined above is added to the cooking liquor before the impregnation of the lignocellulosic material and is used in proportions from 0.001% to 10.0%, preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by weight, based on the lignocellulosic material.
Når den alkaliske kokeluten er sodalut, er det blitt funnet fordelaktig å benytte, som et ytterligere additiv i kombinasjon med en av de ovennevnte cykliske keto-forbindelser, en nitro-aromatisk forbindelse utvalgt fra gruppen be--stående av mono- og dinitrobenzener og amino-, karboksy-, hydroksy- og metylderivater derav. Eksempler på disse forbindelser er nitrobenzen, 2-nitroanilin, 4-nitroanilin, 4-nitrobenzenaldehyd, 4-nitrobenzoesyre, 2-nitroresorcinol, 4-nitrostyren, 2-nitrotoluen, 4-nitrotoluen, 1,2-dinitrobenzen-, 1, 3-dinitrobenzen, 1, 4-dinitrobenzen, 2,4-dinitro-toluen, 3,5-dinitrobenzoesyre, 4,6-dinitro-o-kresol og 2,4-dinitroresorcinol. Blant de ovenfor nevnte forbindelser er nitrobenzen spesielt foretrukket på grunn av sitt fordelaktige kostnad/nytte-forhold. Den nitroaromatiske forbindelse benyttes i mengder på fra 0,01 til 10,0, fortrinnsvis 0,10 til 2,0 vekt%, basert på lignocellulosematerialet. When the alkaline cooking liquor is caustic soda, it has been found advantageous to use, as a further additive in combination with one of the above-mentioned cyclic keto compounds, a nitro-aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of mono- and dinitrobenzenes and amino -, carboxy, hydroxy and methyl derivatives thereof. Examples of these compounds are nitrobenzene, 2-nitroaniline, 4-nitroaniline, 4-nitrobenzenealdehyde, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-nitroresorcinol, 4-nitrostyrene, 2-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 1,2-dinitrobenzene-, 1, 3- dinitrobenzene, 1, 4-dinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol and 2,4-dinitroresorcinol. Among the above-mentioned compounds, nitrobenzene is particularly preferred because of its advantageous cost/benefit ratio. The nitroaromatic compound is used in amounts of from 0.01 to 10.0, preferably 0.10 to 2.0% by weight, based on the lignocellulosic material.
Det må være klart at bruken av nitroaromatisk forbindelse som et andre eller ytterligere additiv i forbindelse med cykliske keto-forbindelser er valgfritt og bare aktuell når kokeluten er sodalut. Alle forbindelser dannet fra hvilken som helst av de ovenfor definerte cykliske keto-forbindelser med hvilken som helst av de ovenfor definerte aromatiske forbindelser er egnet til bruk i denne spesielle utføringsform av oppfinnelsen. Dog foretrekkes kombinasjonen som utgjøres av antrakinon og nitrobenzen. It must be clear that the use of a nitroaromatic compound as a second or additional additive in connection with cyclic keto compounds is optional and only relevant when the cooking liquor is caustic soda. All compounds formed from any of the above defined cyclic keto compounds with any of the above defined aromatic compounds are suitable for use in this particular embodiment of the invention. However, the combination consisting of anthraquinone and nitrobenzene is preferred.
Den. alkalimetallbase som benyttes som reagens i de alkaliske kokeluter, kan være natriumhydroksyd, kaliumhydrok-syd, natriumkarbonat eller kaliumkarbonat. It. alkali metal base which is used as a reagent in the alkaline cooking liquors can be sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
Fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen utføres i et lukket kar til hvilket lignocellulosematerialet i findelt tilstand, kokelut inneholdende det ovenfor definerte additiv eller additiver og, hvis nødvendig, utspedningsvann mates i de mengder som kreves for å gi den ønskede mengde effektivt alkali. Impregnering utføres under.gass- eller mekanisk trykk og ved en temperatur på 25°C eller høyere. Så snart full impregnering har funnet sted, avtappes overskuddskokelut - hvis til stede-, og det impregnerte lignocellulosematerialet oppvarmes enten med direkte damp eller indirekte med f.eks. elektrisk varme til en temperatur på 150°C til 200°C i løpet av 0,5 til 480 minutter. The process according to the invention is carried out in a closed vessel to which the lignocellulosic material in a finely divided state, cooking liquor containing the above-defined additive or additives and, if necessary, dilution water are fed in the quantities required to give the desired amount of effective alkali. Impregnation is carried out under gas or mechanical pressure and at a temperature of 25°C or higher. As soon as full impregnation has taken place, excess cooking liquor - if present - is drained off, and the impregnated lignocellulosic material is heated either directly with steam or indirectly with e.g. electric heat to a temperature of 150°C to 200°C during 0.5 to 480 minutes.
Materialet som framkommer fra trinn (3) i fremgangsmåten, kan blekes ved hvilken som helst konvensjonell fremgangsmåte. En konvensjonell sekvens omfattende klorering, alkalisk ekstraksjon, klordioksycfbehandling, alkalisk ekstraksjon klordioksydbehandling (C-E-D-E-D) vil gi et produkt med en lyshet på ca. 85-90 enheter (Elrepho). The material resulting from step (3) of the method can be bleached by any conventional method. A conventional sequence comprising chlorination, alkaline extraction, chlorine dioxide treatment, alkaline extraction chlorine dioxide treatment (C-E-D-E-D) will give a product with a brightness of approx. 85-90 units (Elrepho).
Oppfinnelsen belyses av de følgende eksempler. The invention is illustrated by the following examples.
I eksemplene er kappa-tall og.viskositet-bestemmelser utført etter de følgende metoder: In the examples, kappa number and viscosity determinations are carried out according to the following methods:
Eksempel 1 Example 1
16 prøver av flis fra svartgran ble underkastet kokebehandling under anvendelse av kraftlut (prøver 1-8) eller sodalut (prøver 9-16). Kok 1 til 4 og 9 til 12 belyser koking ifølge den konvensjonelle fremgangsmåte i væskefase, med (i kok 2,4,10 og 12) eller uten (i kok 1,3,9 og 11) antrakinon som et additiv, og disse ble utført i sammen-ligningsøyemed. Kokene 5 og 13 belyser koking ifølge den konvensjonelle dampfaseprosess og ble også utført i sammen-ligningsøyemed. Kok 6 til 8 og 14 til 16 belyser koking etter fremgangsmåten ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse med benyttelse av kraft- eller sodaluter inneholdende varierende mengder av antrakinon som additiv. I kokene 6 til 8 og 14 til 16 så vel som i kokene 5 og 13 ble flisen impregnert med kokeluten i 30 minutter ved ca. 25°C under et trykk på 5,3 kg/cm 2 nitrogengass. Etter impregneringen ble overskuddslut avtappet og satt av til analyse på effektivt alkali, sulfiditet og resterende additiv. Data vedrørende de 16 forsøkene og de oppnådde resultater er vist i den følgende tabell I. 16 samples of chips from black spruce were subjected to boiling treatment using kraft lye (samples 1-8) or caustic soda (samples 9-16). Boils 1 to 4 and 9 to 12 illustrate boiling according to the conventional method in liquid phase, with (in boilers 2,4,10 and 12) or without (in boilers 1,3,9 and 11) anthraquinone as an additive, and these were carried out for comparison purposes. Boilers 5 and 13 illustrate boiling according to the conventional vapor phase process and were also carried out for comparison purposes. Boils 6 to 8 and 14 to 16 illustrate boiling according to the method according to the present invention using kraft or soda liquors containing varying amounts of anthraquinone as an additive. In boilers 6 to 8 and 14 to 16 as well as in boilers 5 and 13, the tile was impregnated with the cooking liquor for 30 minutes at approx. 25°C under a pressure of 5.3 kg/cm 2 nitrogen gas. After the impregnation, the excess was drained off and set aside for analysis of effective alkali, sulphidity and remaining additive. Data relating to the 16 trials and the results obtained are shown in the following Table I.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
I fire forsøk ble prøver av flis fra svartgran underkastet kokebehandling ved bruk av kraftlut. I hvert forsøk ble to prøver av flisen behandlet, en med koking i dampfase og den andre - i sammenligningsøyemed - med konvensjonell koking i væskefase. De erholdte resulteter er vist i tabell II. Som man vil se av den nevnte tabell, ble intet additiv benyttet i koket i forsøk 1, mens det i forsøkene 2 til 4 ble benyttet additivet antrakinon (AQ) (varemerke). In four trials, samples of chips from black spruce were subjected to boiling treatment using lye. In each experiment, two samples of the chip were treated, one with boiling in the vapor phase and the other - for comparison purposes - with conventional boiling in the liquid phase. The results obtained are shown in table II. As will be seen from the aforementioned table, no additive was used in the cooking in trial 1, while in trials 2 to 4 the additive anthraquinone (AQ) (trademark) was used.
Impregnering av flisen for dampfasekokingen ble utført som følger: a) flisen, kjemikalier og utspredningsvann ble tilført en mikrokoker med 600 ml volum sammen med en forutbestemt Impregnation of the tile for the vapor phase cooking was carried out as follows: a) the tile, chemicals and dispersion water were added to a microboiler with a volume of 600 ml together with a predetermined
mengde AQ i form av en 50%-ig vanndispersjon. amount of AQ in the form of a 50% water dispersion.
b) mikrokokeren ble lukket og innholdet ble godt blandet, b) the microwave was closed and the contents were well mixed,
c) innholdet ble underkastet følgende behandling:' c) the content was subjected to the following processing:'
I 20 mm Hg vakuum ble satt på i ett minutt A 20 mm Hg vacuum was applied for one minute
II 5,3 kg/cm 2nitrogentrykk ble satt på i 2,5 minutter III vakuumpåsetning - 20 mm Hg i ett minutt II 5.3 kg/cm 2 nitrogen pressure was applied for 2.5 minutes III vacuum application - 20 mm Hg for one minute
IV trykkpåsetning - 5,1 ato nitrogen i 2,5 minutter V vakuum påsetning - 20 mm Hg i ett minutt VI trykkpåsetning - 5,1 ato nitrogen i 5 minutter VII vakuumpåsetning - 20 mm Hg i ett minutt IV pressure application - 5.1 ato nitrogen for 2.5 minutes V vacuum application - 20 mm Hg for one minute VI pressure application - 5.1 ato nitrogen for 5 minutes VII vacuum application - 20 mm Hg for one minute
VIII trykkpåsetning - 5,1 ato nitrogen i 10 minutter IX trykket ble utløst VIII pressure application - 5.1 ato nitrogen for 10 minutes IX pressure was released
x innholdet ble blandet x the contents were mixed
Denne behandling skulle simulere prosesser i industriell målestokk med forbehandling med vanndamp for å fjerne luft etterfulgt av trykkimpregnering. Fremgangsmåten ble utført ved 2 2°C. This treatment was to simulate processes on an industrial scale with pre-treatment with steam to remove air followed by pressure impregnation. The procedure was carried out at 22°C.
Overskuddsvæsken som ikke var absorbert av flisen, ble dekantert av og samlet for analyse ved automat-titrering for å bestemme effektivt alkali og sulfiditetsnivåef i den ut- tatte væske, samt for å måle dens innhold av additiv ved hjelp av GC-MS (gass/kromatografi-massespektroskopi). Enkle beregninger ble så utført for å bestemme ladningene av kjemi-, kalier og additiv i flisen under kokeprosessen. The excess liquid not absorbed by the tile was decanted off and collected for analysis by auto-titration to determine the effective alkali and sulphidity level ef in the withdrawn liquid, as well as to measure its additive content by means of GC-MS (gas/ chromatography-mass spectroscopy). Simple calculations were then carried out to determine the charges of chemicals, potassium and additives in the tile during the cooking process.
Alle andre operasjoner ble utført på den måte som ble beskrevet i eksempel 1. For kokninger i væskefase ble additivene og kjemikaliene tilsatt til flisen i mikrokokeren, som så ble lukket, hvoretter kokning ble utført. All other operations were carried out in the manner described in example 1. For boiling in the liquid phase, the additives and chemicals were added to the tile in the microboiler, which was then closed, after which boiling was carried out.
Kok i væskefase ble utført med de eddektiv-alkali-, sulfiditets- og additiv-nivåer som er angitt i tabell II under rubrikk "Impregnert væske". Boiling in the liquid phase was carried out with the additive-alkalinity, sulphidity and additive levels indicated in Table II under the rubric "Impregnated liquid".
Eksempel 3 Example 3
18 forsøk ble prøver av svartgranflis underkastet kokebehandling med sodalut. I hvert forsøk ble to prøver av flisen behandlet, en med dampfasekoking og den andre med konvensjonell væskefasekoking. De erholdte resulteter er vist i tabell III. Som man vil se av denne tabell, ble intet additiv brukt i forsøk 1, mens et additiv, antrakinon (AQ), ble brukt i forsøkene 2, 3 og 4; 2-metyl-antrakinon (2-MeAQ) i forsøk 5 og 6, og 1,4,4a,9a-antrakinon (THAQ) i forsøkene 7 og 8. In 18 trials, samples of black spruce chips were subjected to boiling treatment with caustic soda. In each experiment, two samples of the chip were treated, one with vapor phase cooking and the other with conventional liquid phase cooking. The results obtained are shown in table III. As will be seen from this table, no additive was used in Experiment 1, while an additive, anthraquinone (AQ), was used in Experiments 2, 3 and 4; 2-methyl-anthraquinone (2-MeAQ) in experiments 5 and 6, and 1,4,4a,9a-anthraquinone (THAQ) in experiments 7 and 8.
Impregneringen av flisen for dampfasekoking ble utført som følger: The impregnation of the tile for vapor phase cooking was carried out as follows:
I forsøk 1 fle blisen impregnert som i eksempel 2. In experiment 1, the blaze was impregnated as in example 2.
I forsøkene 2, 3 og 4 ble flisen impregnert som i eksempel 1. In experiments 2, 3 and 4, the tile was impregnated as in example 1.
I forsøkene 5 og 6 ble flisen impregnert i hovedsak som i eksempel 2 med det unntak at mikrokokerens innhold ble forvarmet ved 80°C i en time før impregnering ved 80°C. Denne modifikasjon var nødvendig for å la 2MeAQ bli redusert og oppløses for å få en bedre penetrering. In experiments 5 and 6, the tile was impregnated essentially as in example 2, with the exception that the contents of the microcooker were preheated at 80°C for one hour before impregnation at 80°C. This modification was necessary to allow 2MeAQ to be reduced and dissolved for better penetration.
I forsøkene 7 og 8 ble impregneringen utført som følger: a) Flisen ble tilført mikrokokeren, denne ble lukket, og innholdet ble underkastet 10 sykluser av 5,1 ato nitrogentrykk i 1 minutt etterfulgt av 20 mm Hg vakuum i In experiments 7 and 8, the impregnation was carried out as follows: a) The chip was fed into the microcooker, which was closed, and the contents were subjected to 10 cycles of 5.1 ato nitrogen pressure for 1 minute followed by 20 mm Hg vacuum in
1 minutt for å fjerne luften fra treet. 1 minute to remove the air from the tree.
b) THAQ ble tilsatt til fortynningsvann i en kolbe renset for luft med nitrogen fulgt av tilsats til additivet av b) THAQ was added to dilution water in a flask purged of air with nitrogen followed by addition to the additive of
en del av den oksygenfrie kaustiksoda-charge for koket. part of the oxygen-free caustic soda charge for the boiled.
c) Den ovennevnte kolbe ble oppvarmet til 95°C under nitrogen inntil THAQ ble fullstendig oppløst og dannet en c) The above flask was heated to 95°C under nitrogen until the THAQ was completely dissolved and formed a
oransjerød oppløsning. Denne ble avkjølt under nitrogen, og endelig ble kolben lukket under nitrogen ved hjelp av stengehaner. orange-red solution. This was cooled under nitrogen, and finally the flask was closed under nitrogen using stopcocks.
d) Mikrokokeren, oppløst additiv og de resterende koke-kjemikaliene ble plassert i et behandlingsrom fylt med d) The microboiler, dissolved additive and the remaining cooking chemicals were placed in a treatment room filled with
nitrogen, hvorpå koket ble samlet sammen under nitrogen.. e) Behandling som beskrevet i eksempel 2 (c) ble så utført på.innholdet i mikrokokeren. nitrogen, after which the digest was collected together under nitrogen.. e) Treatment as described in example 2 (c) was then carried out on the contents of the microboiler.
Overskuddsvæsken som ikke var absorbert av flisen ble The excess liquid that was not absorbed by the tile remained
hellet av og samlet for analyse som i eksempel 2. poured off and collected for analysis as in Example 2.
Alle andre operasjoner ble utført som beskrevet i eksempel 1. For væskefasekok ble additivene og kjemikaliene tilført til flisen i mikrokokeren etterfulgt av lukking og koking.. All other operations were carried out as described in example 1. For liquid phase boiling, the additives and chemicals were added to the tile in the microboiler followed by closing and boiling.
Væskefasekok ble utført med effektiv-alkali- og additiv-nivåer som vist i tabell III under rubrikken "Impregnert væske". Liquid phase boiling was performed with effective-alkali and additive levels as shown in Table III under the heading "Impregnated liquid".
Eksempel 4 Example 4
I to forsøk-ble prøver av svartgranflis underkastet kokebehandling med en polysulfidvæske. I hvert forsøk ble to prøver .av flis behandlet, en med dampfasekoking og den andre - i sammenligningsøyemed - med konvensjonell væskefasekoking. De erholdte resultater er-vist i tabell IV. Som det vil sees av tabellen ble intet additiv benyttet i forsøk 1, mens additivet antrakinon ble benyttet i forsøk 2. In two experiments, samples of black spruce chips were subjected to boiling treatment with a polysulphide liquid. In each experiment, two samples of chips were treated, one with vapor phase cooking and the other - for comparison purposes - with conventional liquid phase cooking. The results obtained are shown in table IV. As will be seen from the table, no additive was used in trial 1, while the additive anthraquinone was used in trial 2.
Impregnering av flisen for dampfasekoking ble utført med samme teknikk som den brukt i forsøk 5 -og 6 i eksempel 3, med det unntak at den l-time lange forvarmning (for å danne polysulfidløsning) og den etterfølgende impregnering ble utført ved 50°C istedenfor ved 80°C. Impregnation of the tile for vapor phase cooking was carried out using the same technique as that used in experiments 5 and 6 in Example 3, with the exception that the 1-hour long pre-heating (to form polysulphide solution) and the subsequent impregnation were carried out at 50°C instead at 80°C.
Alle andre operasjoner ble utført på samme måte som i eksempel 1. All other operations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
I syv forsøk ble prøver av svartgranflis underkastet kokebehandling med en alkalisk sulfittvæske. I hvert forsøk ble to prøver av flis behandlet, en med dampfasekoking og den andre - i sammenligningsøyemed - med konvensjonell væskefasekoking. De erholdte resultater er vist i tabell V. Som det vil sees av denne tabell, ble intet additiv benyttet i forsøk å, mens det i de andre forsøkene ble benyttet en cyklisk keto-forbindelse som additiv. In seven trials, samples of black spruce chips were subjected to boiling treatment with an alkaline sulphite liquid. In each experiment, two samples of chips were treated, one with vapor phase cooking and the other - for comparison purposes - with conventional liquid phase cooking. The results obtained are shown in table V. As will be seen from this table, no additive was used in experiment 1, while in the other experiments a cyclic keto compound was used as additive.
Impregnering av flisen for dampfasekoking ble utført med samme teknikk som den benyttet i forsøkene 5 og 6 i eksempel 3. Impregnation of the tile for vapor phase cooking was carried out using the same technique as used in experiments 5 and 6 in example 3.
Alle andre operasjoner ble utført på samme måte som beskrevet i eksempel 1. All other operations were performed in the same manner as described in Example 1.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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GB7841856 | 1978-10-25 |
Publications (1)
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NO793363L true NO793363L (en) | 1980-04-28 |
Family
ID=10500568
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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NO793363A NO793363L (en) | 1978-10-25 | 1979-10-18 | PROCEDURE FOR DELIGNIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOS MATERIALS |
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EP (1) | EP0010451A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS5562289A (en) |
AU (1) | AU528368B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR7906873A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1132763A (en) |
ES (1) | ES485352A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI793317A (en) |
NO (1) | NO793363L (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ191815A (en) |
PT (1) | PT70365A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA795541B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1984003527A1 (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1984-09-13 | Nivelleau Bruniere Patrick M F | Method for treating lignocellulose materials to obtain cellulose |
SE510775C2 (en) * | 1996-09-26 | 1999-06-21 | Kvaerner Pulping Tech | Sulfur-free cooking of chemical pulp |
US6325892B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 | 2001-12-04 | University Of New Brunswick | Method of delignifying sulphite pulp with oxygen and borohydride |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US3215588A (en) * | 1963-08-15 | 1965-11-02 | Lummus Co | Continuous impregnation, cooking, and washing of fibrous material |
CA986662A (en) * | 1973-05-01 | 1976-04-06 | David L. Mccandless | Pretreatment of lignocellulosic material with anthraquinone salts in alkaline pulping |
US4036680A (en) * | 1976-12-14 | 1977-07-19 | Canadian Industries, Ltd. | Delignification of lignocellulosic material with a soda pulping liquor containing a Diels Alder adduct of benzoquinone or naphthoquinone in admixture with a nitro aromatic compound |
US4127439A (en) * | 1977-01-28 | 1978-11-28 | Crown Zellerbach Corporation | Pretreatment of lignocellulose with anthraquinone prior to pulping |
-
1979
- 1979-10-05 CA CA337,139A patent/CA1132763A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-10-10 NZ NZ191815A patent/NZ191815A/en unknown
- 1979-10-17 ZA ZA00795541A patent/ZA795541B/en unknown
- 1979-10-18 AU AU51898/79A patent/AU528368B2/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
- 1979-10-18 NO NO793363A patent/NO793363L/en unknown
- 1979-10-24 FI FI793317A patent/FI793317A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-10-24 EP EP79302316A patent/EP0010451A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-10-24 BR BR7906873A patent/BR7906873A/en unknown
- 1979-10-24 PT PT70365A patent/PT70365A/en unknown
- 1979-10-25 JP JP13709479A patent/JPS5562289A/en active Pending
- 1979-10-25 ES ES485352A patent/ES485352A1/en not_active Expired
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Publication number | Publication date |
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PT70365A (en) | 1979-11-01 |
AU528368B2 (en) | 1983-04-28 |
FI793317A (en) | 1980-04-26 |
EP0010451A1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
ES485352A1 (en) | 1980-07-01 |
BR7906873A (en) | 1980-06-03 |
JPS5562289A (en) | 1980-05-10 |
NZ191815A (en) | 1982-02-23 |
ZA795541B (en) | 1980-10-29 |
AU5189879A (en) | 1980-05-01 |
CA1132763A (en) | 1982-10-05 |
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