NO791675L - COMPOSITE MATERIAL. - Google Patents
COMPOSITE MATERIAL.Info
- Publication number
- NO791675L NO791675L NO791675A NO791675A NO791675L NO 791675 L NO791675 L NO 791675L NO 791675 A NO791675 A NO 791675A NO 791675 A NO791675 A NO 791675A NO 791675 L NO791675 L NO 791675L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- layer
- piston
- aluminum
- skirt
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 96
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004924 electrostatic deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/10—Pistons having surface coverings
- F02F3/12—Pistons having surface coverings on piston heads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
- C22C32/0015—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides with only single oxides as main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0036—Matrix based on Al, Mg, Be or alloys thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/341—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one carbide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F2200/00—Manufacturing
- F02F2200/04—Forging of engine parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2251/00—Material properties
- F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
- F05C2251/042—Expansivity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Komposittmateriale.Composite material.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår utførelsenThe present invention relates to the execution
av gjenstander, spesielt, men ikke utelukkende stempler av sammensatt materiale som omfatter to eller flere lag. of objects, especially but not exclusively stamps of composite material comprising two or more layers.
I noen tilfeller kan forskjellige deler avIn some cases, different parts of
en gjenstand være underlagt forskjellige driftsbetingelser og det er kjent å fremstille en gjenstand av to eller flere sjikt av forskjellig materiale valgt for å motstå respektive opera-sjonsbetingelser. Vanskeligheter kan imidlertid oppstå på grunn av forskjellen mellom fysikalske egenskaper til materialet som danner sjiktene, som kan føre til adskillelse av sjiktene etter en bruksperiode. an object be subject to different operating conditions and it is known to produce an object from two or more layers of different material chosen to withstand respective operating conditions. However, difficulties can arise due to the difference between physical properties of the material forming the layers, which can lead to separation of the layers after a period of use.
Mens det er mulig å danne en mekanisk forbindelse mellom tilliggende sjikt er det ikke alltid passende, og en hensik med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å frembringe en besjiktet gjenstand som er mindre utsatt for ovenfornevnte vanskeligheter, men å unngå behovet av en mekanisk forbindelse. While it is possible to form a mechanical connection between adjacent layers, it is not always appropriate, and a purpose of the present invention is to produce a coated object that is less prone to the above-mentioned difficulties, but to avoid the need for a mechanical connection.
Følgelig angår oppfinnelsen i et henseendeAccordingly, the invention relates in one respect
en gjenstand som omfatter to eller flere sjikt av forskjellige materialblandinger, hvor der er en styrt gradert forandring av blandingen mellom sjiktene eller innenfor i det minste et av sjiktene. an object comprising two or more layers of different material mixtures, where there is a controlled graded change of the mixture between the layers or within at least one of the layers.
Det er således mulig å frembringe en styrt gradert kontinuerlig eller sprangvis forandring av termiske og mekaniske egenskaper fra et sjikt til det andre. På denne måten kan det bli oppnådd en mer tilfredsstillende binding mellom sjiktene. Tykkelsen av den graderte forandringen kan være omkring lmm til flere centimeter, eller også større. It is thus possible to produce a controlled graded continuous or stepwise change of thermal and mechanical properties from one layer to the other. In this way, a more satisfactory bond between the layers can be achieved. The thickness of the graded change can be around lmm to several centimetres, or even greater.
For sammensatt materiale med tre eller flere sjikt kan materialet eller materialene til et eller flere av sjiktene være en styrt blanding eller en styrt gradert-blanding som utgjør styrt gradert avbrutt eller kontinuerlig forandring av termiske og mekaniske egenskaper inne i det sammensatte sjiktet. For composite material with three or more layers, the material or materials of one or more of the layers can be a controlled mixture or a controlled graded mixture that constitutes a controlled graded interrupted or continuous change of thermal and mechanical properties within the composite layer.
For sammensatte materialer med to, tre eller flere sjikt kan et eller flere av sjiktene ha en større mekanisk styrke enn det andre sjiktet eller de andre sjiktene. En eller flere av sjiktene kan ha en lav termisk ledeevne, eller flere av sjiktene kan ha en lav, middels eller høy bruddforlengelse-verdi. For composite materials with two, three or more layers, one or more of the layers may have a greater mechanical strength than the other layer or layers. One or more of the layers may have a low thermal conductivity, or several of the layers may have a low, medium or high breaking elongation value.
For sammensatte materialer med to sjikt kan området for styrt gradert sjikt tilstøtende til det andre sjiktet ha en termisk ekspansjonskoeffisient og/eller en bruddforlengel-sesverdi som er mellomliggende mellom den termiske ekspansjonskoeffisientverdien og/eller bruddforlengelsesverdien for det andre sjiktet, og den termiske ekspansjonskoeffisientverdien og/eller bruddforlengelsesverdien i de ikke tilliggende om- For composite materials with two layers, the region of controlled graded layer adjacent to the second layer may have a coefficient of thermal expansion and/or an elongation at break value that is intermediate between the coefficient of thermal expansion value and/or elongation at break value of the second layer, and the coefficient of thermal expansion value and/or or the fracture elongation value in the non-existing
rådene til det styrte graderte sjiktet. For sammensatte materialer med tre eller flere sjikt kan i det minste et mellomliggende sjikt ha en termisk ekspansjonskoeffisient og/eller en mekanisk bruddforlengelse som er mellomliggende mellom verdiene til korresponderende koeffisienter og forlengelser for tilliggende sjikt. the advice of the governed graded layer. For composite materials with three or more layers, at least one intermediate layer can have a thermal expansion coefficient and/or a mechanical elongation at break that is intermediate between the values of corresponding coefficients and elongations for adjacent layers.
Egenskapene til lav termisk ledeevne, høy mekanisk styrke og ikke negliserbar forlengelse kan tilkomme individuelt eller sammen til et gitt sjikt, til tilliggende sjikt eller til ikke tilliggende sjikt, og et sjikt med et, The properties of low thermal conductivity, high mechanical strength and non-negligible elongation can be added individually or together to a given layer, to an adjacent layer or to a non-adjacent layer, and a layer with a,
to eller alle tre av disse egenskapene kan være et ytre sjikt,two or all three of these properties may be an outer layer,
et mellomliggende sjikt eller det innerste sjiktet. I noen tilfeller kan imidlertid forskjellige sjikt være anordnet ved forskjellige soner av gjenstanden som har en gradert forandring av sammensetningen fra en sone til den neste. an intermediate layer or the innermost layer. In some cases, however, different layers may be arranged at different zones of the object which have a graded change of composition from one zone to the next.
En ytterligere hensikt med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å fremstille en gjenstand som omfatter trinnene ved oppstarting med i det minste to sjikt av forskjellige materialsammensetninger, hvor der er en styrt, grader forandring av sammensetningen mellom sjiktene eller innenfor i det minste et av sjiktene og påfølgende sammenbinding av sjiktene. A further purpose of the present invention is to produce an object which comprises the steps of starting with at least two layers of different material compositions, where there is a controlled, gradual change in the composition between the layers or within at least one of the layers and subsequent bonding of the layers.
Et eller flere av sjiktene kan være av et materiale eller materialer fremstilt ved støping, smiing, valsing eller sprøytestøping. En eller flere av sjiktene kan være fremstilt som et enkelt materiale eller som en styrt blanding av materialer bundet til det tilliggende sjikt eller de tilliggende sjikt. En eller flere av sjiktene kan være bundet til andre sjikt ved sintring, støping eller ved frik§jonssveising. En eller flere av sjiktene kan være fremstilt ved eksisterende fremgangsmåter brukt ved belegging, som omfatter valsebinding, diffusjonsbinding, sprøyting (somiinklu-derer fusjonssprøyting),sintring, avsetting (som inkluderer eksplosiv avsetting, elektroavsetting, elektrostatisk avsetting, elektroløs avsetting),påstrykning og dyppirig, uten eller ved overflatebehandling av sjiktene, eller det tilliggende sjikt eller de tilliggende sjiktene. One or more of the layers can be of a material or materials produced by casting, forging, rolling or injection molding. One or more of the layers can be produced as a single material or as a controlled mixture of materials bound to the adjacent layer or layers. One or more of the layers can be bonded to other layers by sintering, casting or by friction welding. One or more of the layers may be produced by existing methods used in coating, which include roller bonding, diffusion bonding, spraying (including fusion spraying), sintering, deposition (which includes explosive deposition, electro-deposition, electrostatic deposition, electroless deposition), coating and dip-piercing , without or with surface treatment of the layers, or the adjacent layer or the adjacent layers.
Sjiktene kan ha samme tykkelse eller forskjellige tykkelser, avhengende av konstruksjons- og operasjonskrav. The layers may have the same thickness or different thicknesses, depending on construction and operational requirements.
Oppfinnelsen har spesiell anvendelse ved stempler for bruk i forbrenningsmotorer. The invention has particular application to pistons for use in internal combustion engines.
Ifølge den ytterligere hensikt med foreliggende oppfinnelse er et. stempel dannet av i det minste to forskjellige materialer, hvor skjørtet har en første sammensetning og kronen har en andre sammensetning, og hvor stempelet mellom skjørt og krone: har en mellomliggende sone i hvilken det relative forholdet av materialene ligger mellom disse i skjørtet og kronen. According to the further purpose of the present invention, a. piston formed of at least two different materials, where the skirt has a first composition and the crown has a second composition, and where the piston between the skirt and the crown: has an intermediate zone in which the relative ratio of the materials lies between these in the skirt and the crown.
På denne måten kan den termiske ledeevnen, mekaniske styrken og andre egenskaper bli gradert mellom skjørtet og kronen. In this way, the thermal conductivity, mechanical strength and other properties can be graded between the skirt and the crown.
Stempelet kan omfatte tre eller flere distinkte sjikt, hvor hvert har forskjéllige egenskaper av nevnte materialer, og hvor egenskapene er i hovedsaken jevn langs hele sjiktet og det relative forholdet til materialene er gradert fra et sjikt til neste. Der kan imidlertid være en kontinuerlig gradering av materialene i løpet av hele delen eller hele stempelet. Forholdet til et av materialene i en eller annen av de ytre sjiktene kan være null. The stamp may comprise three or more distinct layers, each of which has different properties of said materials, and where the properties are essentially uniform along the entire layer and the relative ratio of the materials is graded from one layer to the next. However, there may be a continuous gradation of the materials throughout the entire part or the entire stamp. The ratio of one of the materials in one or other of the outer layers can be zero.
Fortrinnsvis aluminium eller en aluminiumlegering, for eksempel silikonaluminium,er en hovedbestandel i stempelet, hvor kronen har et tilstrekkelig forhold av aluminiumoksyd, hvor det mellomliggende sjiktet eller sjiktene har et mindre forhold av aluminiumoksyd og skjørtet har et enda mindre aluminiumoksyd-forhold som kan være null. Preferably aluminum or an aluminum alloy, for example silicone aluminum, is a main component of the piston, the crown having a sufficient proportion of alumina, the intermediate layer or layers having a smaller proportion of alumina and the skirt having an even smaller proportion of alumina which may be zero .
Forholdet av aluminiumoksyd til aluminium eller aluminiumlegering kan således variere fra skjørtet til kronen innenfor området på 0 til 30 vektprosent. The ratio of aluminum oxide to aluminum or aluminum alloy can thus vary from the skirt to the crown within the range of 0 to 30 percent by weight.
To utførelsesformer av oppfinnelsen skal nå bli beskrevet med henvisning til medfølgende tegninger, hvor: Two embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to accompanying drawings, where:
figur 1 viser et vertikalt riss av et stempelFigure 1 shows a vertical view of a piston
som har tre uavbrutte sjikt og som viser to halvdeler ved rett vinkel til hverandre, og which has three uninterrupted layers and which shows two halves at right angles to each other, and
figur 2 viser et lignende snitt som på figur 1figure 2 shows a similar section as in figure 1
av et stempel som omfatter uavbrutte sjikt.of a stamp comprising uninterrupted layers.
På figur 1 visesset stempel, primært for en forbrenningsmotor, fremstilt som en sammensatt materialkonstruksjon med tre uavbrutte sjikt 1,2, 3. Det ytterste sjiktet 1 (dvs. Figure 1 shows a piston, primarily for an internal combustion engine, produced as a composite material construction with three uninterrupted layers 1,2, 3. The outermost layer 1 (i.e.
ved kroneenden til stempelet) er et sjikt med en høy prosent av aluminiumoksyd, blandet med aluminium eller silikonalumini- at the crown end of the piston) is a layer with a high percentage of aluminum oxide, mixed with aluminum or silicone aluminum
um, hvor dette sjiktet.utgjør størstedelen av den mekaniske styrken og har en lavere termisk ledeevne enn de andre to sjiktene. Sjiktet 1 strekker seg fra kronen 4 til den periferiske kanten 5 til stempelet og ned langs siden av stemepélét til området 6 under bunnkompresjonsringen. um, where this layer accounts for most of the mechanical strength and has a lower thermal conductivity than the other two layers. The layer 1 extends from the crown 4 to the peripheral edge 5 of the piston and down along the side of the stem pellet to the area 6 below the bottom compression ring.
Det mellomliggende sjiktet 2 strekker seg nedThe intermediate layer 2 extends down
under området 6 av sjiktet 1 og inneholder en middels prosentdel av aluminiumoksyd med aluminium eller silikonaluminium, hvor sjiktet har mellomliggende mekaniske og termiske egenskaper mellom de av det ytterste sjiktet 1 og det indre overflate-sjiktet 3 som strekker seg nedover bak området til det mellomliggende sjiktet 2,cunder området av bunnkompresjons-ring-sporét og videre nedover langs stempelsiden til en kryssbolt boss 7. below the area 6 of the layer 1 and containing a medium percentage of aluminum oxide with aluminum or silicone aluminum, the layer having intermediate mechanical and thermal properties between those of the outermost layer 1 and the inner surface layer 3 which extends downward behind the area of the intermediate layer 2, under the area of the bottom compression ring groove and further down along the piston side to a cross bolt boss 7.
og til et område 8 i bunnområdet av stempelskjørtet.and to an area 8 in the bottom area of the piston skirt.
Sjiktet 3 er fremstilt av aluminium eller silikonaluminium eller en blanding av en lavere prosentdel av aluminiumoksyd med aluminium eller silikonaluminium, og har en lavere høytemperaturmessig mekanisk styrke og en høyere termisk ledeevne enn sjiktet 2. Som et eksempel kan sjiktet 3 inneholde fra 0 til 10 vektprosent aluminiumoksyd, sjiktet 1 opptil 30% aluminiumoksyd, (og større enn i sjiktet 3), og sjiktet 2 en mellomliggende verdi av aluminiumoksyd. Layer 3 is made of aluminum or silicon aluminum or a mixture of a lower percentage of aluminum oxide with aluminum or silicon aluminum, and has a lower high-temperature mechanical strength and a higher thermal conductivity than layer 2. As an example, layer 3 may contain from 0 to 10 percent by weight alumina, layer 1 up to 30% alumina, (and greater than in layer 3), and layer 2 an intermediate value of alumina.
Sjiktene 1,2 og3 kan være fremstilt ved komprimering og sintring. Alternativt kan sjiktene 2 og 3, eller sjiktet 3 bli støpt eller sprøytet på sjiktet 1 eller på sjiktene 1 og 12, henholdsvis. Layers 1,2 and 3 can be produced by compression and sintering. Alternatively, layers 2 and 3, or layer 3 can be cast or sprayed on layer 1 or on layers 1 and 12, respectively.
På figur 2 er et stempel fremstilt som en kompositt-materialkonstruksjon med tre uavbrutte sjikt. I dette eksempelet gir sjiktet 9 på kronen 4 lav termisk ledeevne og omfatter en blanding av aluminiumoksyd eller silikonaluminium. med en betydelig del av aluminiumoksyd. Et sjikt 10 omfatter en blanding av aluminium eller silikonaluminium med en mindre aluminiumoksyd-del, og kan være enten en homogen blanding eller et styrt kontinuerlig gradert sjikt, som har en høyere eluminiuméksyd-dél nær sjiktet 9 og en mindre aluminiumoksyd-del med avstand fra sjiktet 9. Et innlegg 11 som omfatter kompresjonsringsporene utgjør lav termisk ledeevne og/,éller mekanisk styrke og kan være av samme materiale som det øverste sjiktet 9, eller av annet egnet materiale. Sjiktet 10 kan tøære påsprøytet, sintret eller støpt. I.dette eksempelet kan det nedre sjiktet 12 på stempelet, som omfatter stempelbossene og skjørtet, være av aluminium eller silikonaluminium, men kan også inneholde en liten aluminiumoksyd-del. Dette sjiktet 12 kan være fremstilt f.eks. som en adskilt støpning. Den kan så bli bundet, f.eks. ved friksjonssveising, til den øvre delen av stempelet. I noen tilfeller kan sjiktet 12 omfatte et kontinuerlig gradert sjikt med en høyere aluminiumoksyd-del nær sjiktet 10 og en mindre aluminiumoksyd-del (som kan være null) ved skjørtenden til stempelet. In Figure 2, a piston is shown as a composite material construction with three continuous layers. In this example, the layer 9 on the crown 4 provides low thermal conductivity and comprises a mixture of aluminum oxide or silicone aluminium. with a significant proportion of aluminum oxide. A layer 10 comprises a mixture of aluminum or silicone aluminum with a smaller alumina part, and can be either a homogeneous mixture or a controlled continuous graded layer, which has a higher aluminum oxide part close to the layer 9 and a smaller alumina part at a distance from layer 9. An insert 11 comprising the compression ring grooves has low thermal conductivity and/or mechanical strength and can be of the same material as the top layer 9, or of another suitable material. The layer 10 can be sprayed on, sintered or cast. In this example, the lower layer 12 of the piston, which includes the piston bosses and the skirt, can be made of aluminum or silicone aluminum, but can also contain a small aluminum oxide part. This layer 12 can be produced, e.g. as a separate casting. It can then be bound, e.g. by friction welding, to the upper part of the piston. In some cases, layer 12 may comprise a continuously graded layer with a higher alumina portion near layer 10 and a lower alumina portion (which may be zero) at the skirt end of the piston.
Ved en alternativ anordning kan sjiktet 10 strekke seg til stempelets skjørtende og være dannet av et enkelt gradert sjikt med en høyere del aluminiumoksyd nær sjiktet 9 og en mindre aluminiumoksyd-del (som kan være null) ved stempelets skjørtende. In an alternative arrangement, the layer 10 may extend to the skirt end of the piston and be formed by a single graded layer with a higher proportion of alumina near the layer 9 and a smaller proportion of alumina (which may be zero) at the skirt end of the piston.
I noen tilfeller kan også stempelet være kontinuerlig gradert over det hele, hvor aluminiumoksyd-delen øker fra skjørtet mot stempelet. In some cases, the piston can also be continuously graduated over the whole, where the aluminum oxide part increases from the skirt towards the piston.
Skjønt stempler fremstilt av aluminium eller silikonaluminium har blitt beskrevet er det klart at andre materialer kan alternativt bli benyttet. Although pistons made of aluminum or silicone aluminum have been described, it is clear that other materials can alternatively be used.
Skjønt oppfinnelsen dessuten er spesielt anvend-bar ved stempler, er det klart at andre gjenstander kan bli frem stilt innenfor oppfinnelsens omfang slik som bl.a. sylindre med eller uten ribber eller flenser, foringsrør, turbinbladér og forbrenningskammer. Although the invention is also particularly applicable to stamps, it is clear that other objects can be produced within the scope of the invention, such as e.g. cylinders with or without ribs or flanges, casings, turbine blades and combustion chambers.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2149578 | 1978-05-23 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO791675L true NO791675L (en) | 1979-11-26 |
Family
ID=10163909
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO791675A NO791675L (en) | 1978-05-23 | 1979-05-21 | COMPOSITE MATERIAL. |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0018377A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS55500363A (en) |
AU (1) | AU4732779A (en) |
BE (1) | BE876507A (en) |
DK (1) | DK21980A (en) |
ES (1) | ES480829A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT7968102A0 (en) |
NL (1) | NL7904066A (en) |
NO (1) | NO791675L (en) |
SE (1) | SE8000505L (en) |
WO (1) | WO1979001103A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU6744381A (en) * | 1980-02-27 | 1981-09-03 | British Internal Combustion Engine Research Institute Limited, The | Sintered piston |
JPS59218342A (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1984-12-08 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Fiber reinforced light alloy piston for internal- combustion engine |
GB8328576D0 (en) * | 1983-10-26 | 1983-11-30 | Ae Plc | Reinforcement of pistons for ic engines |
GB8413800D0 (en) * | 1984-05-30 | 1984-07-04 | Ae Plc | Manufacture of pistons |
DE4221448A1 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-01-13 | Mahle Gmbh | Reinforcement material for pistons of internal combustion engines |
WO2010083831A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Man Diesel & Turbo, Filial Af Man Diesel & Turbo Se, Tyskland | A movable wall member in form of an exhaust valve spindle or a piston for an internal combustion engine, and a method of manufacturing such a member |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE943917C (en) * | 1944-09-10 | 1956-06-01 | Dr Joseph Dornauf | Piston head covered with a heat-insulating layer |
DE837467C (en) * | 1946-07-17 | 1952-04-28 | Aluminium Ind Ag | Process for the production of light metal bodies |
GB671606A (en) * | 1948-10-01 | 1952-05-07 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Piston for internal combustion engines |
FR1226350A (en) * | 1958-06-09 | 1960-07-11 | Ind De L Aluminium Sa | Manufacturing process of composite bodies formed of aluminum and sintered aluminum |
US3911891A (en) * | 1973-08-13 | 1975-10-14 | Robert D Dowell | Coating for metal surfaces and method for application |
-
1979
- 1979-05-21 WO PCT/GB1979/000069 patent/WO1979001103A1/en unknown
- 1979-05-21 NO NO791675A patent/NO791675L/en unknown
- 1979-05-21 JP JP50076979A patent/JPS55500363A/ja active Pending
- 1979-05-23 NL NL7904066A patent/NL7904066A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-05-23 IT IT7968102A patent/IT7968102A0/en unknown
- 1979-05-23 AU AU47327/79A patent/AU4732779A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1979-05-23 BE BE0/195361A patent/BE876507A/en unknown
- 1979-05-23 ES ES480829A patent/ES480829A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-17 EP EP79900490A patent/EP0018377A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1980
- 1980-01-18 DK DK21980A patent/DK21980A/en unknown
- 1980-01-22 SE SE8000505A patent/SE8000505L/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0018377A1 (en) | 1980-11-12 |
JPS55500363A (en) | 1980-06-26 |
ES480829A1 (en) | 1980-10-01 |
WO1979001103A1 (en) | 1979-12-13 |
DK21980A (en) | 1980-01-18 |
NL7904066A (en) | 1979-11-27 |
SE8000505L (en) | 1980-01-22 |
AU4732779A (en) | 1979-11-29 |
BE876507A (en) | 1979-09-17 |
IT7968102A0 (en) | 1979-05-23 |
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