NO783206L - ELECTRIC BATTERY. - Google Patents
ELECTRIC BATTERY.Info
- Publication number
- NO783206L NO783206L NO783206A NO783206A NO783206L NO 783206 L NO783206 L NO 783206L NO 783206 A NO783206 A NO 783206A NO 783206 A NO783206 A NO 783206A NO 783206 L NO783206 L NO 783206L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- electrochemical battery
- lead
- active material
- positive active
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910020669 PbOx Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011532 electronic conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 lithium hexafluoroarsenate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfite Chemical compound COS(=O)OC BDUPRNVPXOHWIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MQYNNGIYNLJMAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;fluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CF MQYNNGIYNLJMAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SJQBHNHASPQACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethoxyethene Chemical group COC=COC SJQBHNHASPQACB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Pb+2] HTUMBQDCCIXGCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii,iv) oxide Chemical compound O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKYMJBKVGYKTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.NC(O)=O IKYMJBKVGYKTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/56—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of lead
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Primary Cells (AREA)
Description
"Elektrisk batteri"."Electric Battery".
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører elektriske batterier med høy energi og som har et alkalimetall, foretrukket litium, The present invention relates to electric batteries with high energy and which have an alkali metal, preferably lithium,
som et negativt aktivt material og vedrører spesielt et positivt aktivt material for et slikt batteri. as a negative active material and particularly relates to a positive active material for such a battery.
Det var før 1960 foreslått å bruke oksyder av bly somBefore 1960 it was proposed to use oxides of lead as
det positive aktive material for batterier hvor det negative aktive material blant annet er litium, se f.eks.'US-patentskrift nr. 2.937.219. Senere er det i US-patentskrift nr. 4.018.970 beskrevet litiumbatterier hvor det positive aktive material er sammensatt av blyoksyder med formel Pbo eller Pbo0,. the positive active material for batteries where the negative active material is, among other things, lithium, see, for example, US Patent No. 2,937,219. Later, US Patent No. 4,018,970 describes lithium batteries where the positive active material is composed of lead oxides with the formula Pbo or Pbo0,.
Det ville imidlertid være ønskelig å anvende bly-peroksyd, Pb02, som et positivt aktivt material på grunn av at det har en teoretisk spesifik kapasitet som er høyere enn Ph^ O^ og endog høyere enn for PbO. Blyperoksyd er også blitt foreslått som et positivt aktivt material i det ovennevnte US-patent-skrif t nr. 2.937.219 men blyperoksyd har imidlertid den ulempe at det utlades over to trinn eller nivåer som er ulempe i mange tilfeller. However, it would be desirable to use lead peroxide, PbO 2 , as a positive active material because it has a theoretical specific capacity that is higher than Ph^O^ and even higher than that of PbO. Lead peroxide has also been proposed as a positive active material in the above-mentioned US Patent No. 2,937,219, but lead peroxide however has the disadvantage that it is discharged over two stages or levels which is disadvantageous in many cases.
Det er et formål for den foreliggende oppfinnelse å tilveiebringe en elektrokjemisk generator hvori det positive aktive material har en høyere spesifik kapasitet enn for rødt blyoksyd, Pb^O^, mens det samtidig bare har et eneste utladnings- It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrochemical generator in which the positive active material has a higher specific capacity than that of red lead oxide, Pb^O^, while at the same time having only a single discharge
nivå.level.
Det er et spesifikt formål for oppfinnelsen å tilveiebringeIt is a specific object of the invention to provide
en elektrokjemisk generator hvori det negative aktive, material er litium, elektrolytten er en oppløsning hvor løsningsmidlet er en aprotisk sammensetning, og det positive aktive material er et oksyd av bly med formel<p>kOxhvori x har en verdi mellom 1,84 og 1.87. an electrochemical generator in which the negative active material is lithium, the electrolyte is a solution in which the solvent is an aprotic composition, and the positive active material is an oxide of lead with the formula kOxhwhere x has a value between 1.84 and 1.87.
Et slik positivt aktivt material kan oppnås ved styrt reduksjon av blyperoksyd, PbC^/f.eks. ved hjelp av en passende varmebehandling. Etter reduksjonen av PbO^ r så lenge som x forblir lik eller større enn 1,87, bibeholder PBO^-sammensetningen den krystallinske struktur for PbC^ og opptrer som en enkel ikke-støkiometrisk fase. Så snart x faller under en verdi på Such a positive active material can be obtained by controlled reduction of lead peroxide, PbC^/e.g. by means of a suitable heat treatment. After the reduction of PbO^ r as long as x remains equal to or greater than 1.87, the PBO^ composition retains the crystalline structure of PbC^ and acts as a simple non-stoichiometric phase. As soon as x falls below a value of
1,87 blir.de karakteristiske linjer for Pb20^synlige i røntgenstråle-spektrogrammet av materialet. I dette området omfatter materialet en ikke-støkiometrisk blanding av Pb20^ og PbC^. Ved fortsatt reduksjon, når x er lik 1,5, er sammensetningen av P<*>bO hovedsakelig Pb„0_, og for x mindre enn 1,5 blir materialet en blanding av Pb20^og Pb^O^. Det positive aktive material i henhold til oppfinnelsen kan derfor identifiseres ved nærvær i dets røtgen-spektrogram av linjer for Pb20^, med en intensitet større eller mindre alt avhengig av hvorvidt x er nærmere eller lengre borte fra den nedre verdi på 1,5, idet dette er tilfellet for hver partikkel av det positive aktive material eller i det minste for en vesentlig del av dem. 1.87, the characteristic lines for Pb20^ become visible in the X-ray spectrogram of the material. In this area, the material comprises a non-stoichiometric mixture of Pb20^ and PbC^. On continued reduction, when x is equal to 1.5, the composition of P<*>bO is mainly Pb„0_, and for x less than 1.5 the material becomes a mixture of Pb20^ and Pb^O^. The positive active material according to the invention can therefore be identified by the presence in its X-ray spectrogram of lines for Pb20^, with an intensity greater or less all depending on whether x is closer or further away from the lower value of 1.5, since this is the case for each particle of the positive active material or at least for a substantial part of them.
Med et positivt aktivt blyoksydmaterial med disse egenskaper foregår utladningen av et batteri på et eneste nivå. I mot-setning hertil, hvis et positivt aktivt material for batteriet fremstilles ved f.eks. å blande partikler av bly-oksydene Pb02og Vh^ O^ vil de separate partikler av enkeltfase PbO^i blandingen bevirke den tidligere nevnte to nivåers utladning. With a positively active lead oxide material with these properties, the discharge of a battery takes place at a single level. In contrast to this, if a positive active material for the battery is produced by e.g. mixing particles of the lead oxides PbO2 and Vh^O^, the separate particles of single phase PbO^ in the mixture will cause the previously mentioned two-level discharge.
Foretrukket er den øvre grense for x i PbO^-blandingen i henhold til oppfinnelsen omtrent 1,8, idet denne noe lavere verdi er lettere å oppnå homogent ved varmebehandling av PbO„. Som illustrerende eko sempler er PbO, '„ oppnådd ved oppvarming av Pb02 ved 380 o C i 30 minutter, og PbO, 'R ved oppvarming av PbC>2 ved 390 C i to timer. Selvfølgelig avhenger oppvarmingstiden ved en gitt temperatur til å oppnå en gitt sammensetning på kornformen av materialet, bortsett fra andre arbeidsbetingelser. The upper limit for x in the PbO^ mixture according to the invention is preferably approximately 1.8, as this somewhat lower value is easier to achieve homogeneously by heat treatment of PbO„. As illustrative echo samples, PbO, '„ is obtained by heating Pb02 at 380 o C for 30 minutes, and PbO, 'R by heating PbC>2 at 390 C for two hours. Of course, the heating time at a given temperature to achieve a given composition depends on the grain shape of the material, apart from other working conditions.
Bruksmåten for det positive aktive material i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse i et batteri er analog med den som er beskrevet i det ovennevnte US patentskrift 4.018,970. En elektronisk leder blandes således med det aktive material, idet lederen velges fra gruppen bestående av bly, sink, tinn, gull, vismutt, kadmium og deres legeringer, idet de tre først-nevnte metaller foretrekkes. The method of use of the positive active material according to the present invention in a battery is analogous to that described in the above-mentioned US patent document 4,018,970. An electronic conductor is thus mixed with the active material, the conductor being selected from the group consisting of lead, zinc, tin, gold, bismuth, cadmium and their alloys, the three first-mentioned metals being preferred.
Elektrolytten er en oppløsning hvori løsningsmidlet kan være en eter, en ester, eller en blanding av etere og estere. Blant passende etere er dioksolan, tetrahydrofuran, dimetoksyetan eller blandinger av disse. Egnede estere omfatter metylformat, dimetylsulfitt, propylenkarbonat, etylenkarbamat og deres blandinger. Det bør imidlertid bemerkes at da disse blyoksyder kan være dårlig oppløselige i visse estere, bør disse estere anvendes med forsiktighet, f.eks. i oppladbare batterier. The electrolyte is a solution in which the solvent can be an ether, an ester, or a mixture of ethers and esters. Among suitable ethers are dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane or mixtures thereof. Suitable esters include methyl formate, dimethyl sulphite, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbamate and mixtures thereof. However, it should be noted that as these lead oxides may be poorly soluble in certain esters, these esters should be used with caution, e.g. in rechargeable batteries.
Den oppløste bestanddel i elektrolytten er foretrukket et litiumsalt, f.eks. litiumperklorat. Andre litiumsalter som kan anvendes like godt omfatter•litiumtetrafluorobutat, litiumfluorometylsulfonat (LiCF-^SO^) og litiumheksafluoroarsenat. The dissolved component in the electrolyte is preferably a lithium salt, e.g. lithium perchlorate. Other lithium salts which can be used equally well include lithium tetrafluorobutate, lithium fluoromethylsulfonate (LiCF-^SO^) and lithium hexafluoroarsenate.
Oppfinnelsen vil lettere forstås ved hjelp av de følgende eksempler på foretrukne utførelsesformer med resultater illustrert i vedføyde tegninger, hvori: The invention will be more easily understood with the help of the following examples of preferred embodiments with results illustrated in the attached drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 er et sammenlikningsdiagram for utladningsspenningen,Fig. 1 is a comparison diagram for the discharge voltage,
U, avsatt i forhold til tiden, T, for tre ny fremstilte batterier, et batteri, A, i henhold til tidligere kjent teknikk og to batterier, B, henholdsvis C, i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse. U, deposited in relation to time, T, for three newly manufactured batteries, one battery, A, according to prior art and two batteries, B, respectively C, according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 er et diagram i likhet med fig. 1 og viser utladnings-kurven for tre batterier etter aldring i en måned. Fig. 2 is a diagram similar to fig. 1 and shows the discharge curve for three batteries after aging for one month.
Tre testbatterier ble bygget opp med nærmest identisk positivt aktivt material. Batteriene er av den konvensjonelle såkalte "knappetype", med en ytre diameter på 11,6 mm og en total høyde på 5,4 mm. Omhyllingen fremstilles fra to skåler av nikkel-stål adskilt av en pakning som tjener både som forsegling og som en elektrisk isolator mellom skålene. Den negative skål inneholder litium i form av en folie lagt mot et nikkelstål-kollektorgitter som er loddet eller på annen måte elektrisk forbundet til den negative skål. Den positive skål inneholder den positive aktive masse, og en separator dannet av flere lag av papir og cellulosefilt mettet med elektrolytt er anordnet mellom litium og den positive masse. Elektrolytten er en to molar løsning av litiumperklorat i dioksolan. Three test batteries were built up with almost identical positive active material. The batteries are of the conventional so-called "button type", with an outer diameter of 11.6 mm and a total height of 5.4 mm. The enclosure is made from two nickel-steel bowls separated by a gasket that serves both as a seal and as an electrical insulator between the bowls. The negative bowl contains lithium in the form of a foil placed against a nickel steel collector grid which is soldered or otherwise electrically connected to the negative bowl. The positive bowl contains the positive active mass, and a separator formed by several layers of paper and cellulose felt saturated with electrolyte is arranged between the lithium and the positive mass. The electrolyte is a two molar solution of lithium perchlorate in dioxolane.
Sammensetningen av den positive aktive masse i hver av deThe composition of the positive active mass in each of the
tre testceller var som følger: 9 gram blyoksyd, PbOx; three test cells were as follows: 9 grams of lead oxide, PbOx;
2,84 gram blypulver; og 0,50 gram polytetrafluoretylen (PTFE). Hele blandingen ble homogenisert siktet og deretter komprimert i den positive skal under et trykk på 1,5 tonn/cm 2, idet mengden av den positive masse var slik at den resulterende høyde av katoden var omtrent 1,3 5 mm. Mengden av material og det trykk som ble anvendt for å danne hver positiv aktiv masse var den samme for hver av de tre testceller. Den eneste forskjell mellom cellene var således i blyoksydet, PBO , anvendt deri. 2.84 grams of lead powder; and 0.50 grams of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The whole mixture was homogenized, sieved and then compressed in the positive shell under a pressure of 1.5 tons/cm 2 , the amount of the positive mass being such that the resulting height of the cathode was about 1.35 mm. The amount of material and the pressure used to form each positive active mass was the same for each of the three test cells. Thus, the only difference between the cells was in the lead oxide, PBO, used therein.
Den første celle A anvendte rødt blyoksyd, Pb^ O^ (x = 1,33) som tilsvarer tidligere kjent positivt material beskrevet i det ovennevnte US patentskrift nr. 4.018.970. Den annen celle, B, anvendte blyseskioksyd, Pb20^(x = 1,5) og den tredje celle, C, anvendte et ikke-støkiometrisk blumbat, PbO, „ (x= 1,8). The first cell A used red lead oxide, Pb^O^ (x = 1.33) which corresponds to previously known positive material described in the above-mentioned US Patent No. 4,018,970. The second cell, B, used lead sesquioxide, Pb 2 O^ (x = 1.5) and the third cell, C, used a non-stoichiometric plumbate, PbO, (x= 1.8).
l, o l, o
Cellene B og C inneholdt således det forbedrede positive aktive material i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Cells B and C thus contained the improved positive active material according to the invention.
Fig. 1 viser utladningskurvene for hver av tre nyfremstilte testceller A, B og C gjennom en motstand på 5000 ohm, idet hver kurve var identifisert med bokstavbetegnelsen for celle-sammensetningen, som beskrevet ovenfor. Fig. 2 viser til-svarende utladningskurver for testceller som før utladningen ble lagret i en måned ved en temperatur på 45°C. På hver figur er cellespenningen, U, antydet på ordinaten i volt og utladningstiden, T, er vist på abcissen i timer. Fig. 1 shows the discharge curves for each of three newly manufactured test cells A, B and C through a resistance of 5000 ohms, each curve being identified by the letter designation for the cell composition, as described above. Fig. 2 shows the corresponding discharge curves for test cells which, prior to discharge, were stored for one month at a temperature of 45°C. In each figure, the cell voltage, U, is indicated on the ordinate in volts and the discharge time, T, is shown on the abscissa in hours.
Den■etterfølgende tabell angir de teoretiske kapasiteter, kapasitetene i nyfremstilt tilstand (toppspenning 2 volt) The following table indicates the theoretical capacities, the capacities in the newly manufactured state (peak voltage 2 volts)
og kapasitetene etter en måneds aldringsperiode for de tre testceller. Fra de sistnevnte to tallangivelser ble den aktuelle kapasitet og tapet i kapasitet på grunn av aldringen beregnet som prosentandel av teoretisk kapasitet. and the capacities after a one-month aging period for the three test cells. From the latter two figures, the current capacity and the loss in capacity due to aging were calculated as a percentage of theoretical capacity.
0 0
Det kan sees fra figurene og tabellen at hvis rødt blyoksyd (Pb^O^) er den positive masse i cellen gir A den beste prosent-vise ytelse i frisk tilstand, mens blyseskvioksydet (Pb20^) It can be seen from the figures and the table that if red lead oxide (Pb^O^) is the positive mass in the cell, A gives the best percentage performance in the fresh state, while the lead sequioxide (Pb2O^)
i celle B er overlegen med hensyn til å opprettholde kapasiteten over tiden. Det kan videre av figurene klart sees at for et konstant volum og kompresjonstrykk for hver celle er kapasitetene for cellene B og C i henhold til oppfinnelsen in cell B is superior in terms of maintaining capacity over time. It can further be clearly seen from the figures that for a constant volume and compression pressure for each cell, the capacities for cells B and C according to the invention are
større en kapasiteten for cellen A og at spenningen av cellene B og C forblir i sterkere grad konstant under utladningen. Spenningen av cellen A, etter til å begynne med har ligget over spenningene i B og C ved begynnelsen av utladninger, faller under spenningen for disse ved slutten av utladningstiden. greater than the capacity of cell A and that the voltage of cells B and C remains more constant during the discharge. The voltage of cell A, after initially being above the voltages of B and C at the beginning of discharges, falls below the voltage of these at the end of the discharge time.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7728707A FR2404313A1 (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1977-09-23 | SPECIFIC HIGH ENERGY ELECTROCHEMICAL GENERATOR CONTAINING AN IMPROVED POSITIVE ACTIVE MATERIAL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO783206L true NO783206L (en) | 1979-03-26 |
Family
ID=9195707
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO783206A NO783206L (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1978-09-21 | ELECTRIC BATTERY. |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0001554A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS5457123A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR222020A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4003878A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7806271A (en) |
| DK (1) | DK420978A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES473601A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2404313A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT7869143A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO783206L (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ188493A (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2606915C3 (en) * | 1975-02-25 | 1979-09-20 | Union Carbide Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Galvanic element with a non-aqueous electrolyte |
| DE2535468C3 (en) * | 1975-08-08 | 1980-12-11 | Varta Batterie Ag, 3000 Hannover | Galvanic element with a negative electrode made of light metal, a non-aqueous electrolyte and a positive metal oxide electrode with Pb 3 O4 as an electrochemically reducible component |
| US4049892A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1977-09-20 | Union Carbide Corporation | Non-aqueous cell having as cathode a mixture of lead dioxide and lead monoxide and/or lead particles |
| US4048402A (en) * | 1976-12-27 | 1977-09-13 | Union Carbide Corporation | Non-aqueous cell having a cathode of lead monoxide-coated lead dioxide particles |
-
1977
- 1977-09-23 FR FR7728707A patent/FR2404313A1/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-09-15 IT IT7869143A patent/IT7869143A0/en unknown
- 1978-09-18 EP EP78100920A patent/EP0001554A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-09-21 NO NO783206A patent/NO783206L/en unknown
- 1978-09-21 AU AU40038/78A patent/AU4003878A/en active Pending
- 1978-09-22 AR AR273816A patent/AR222020A1/en active
- 1978-09-22 JP JP11603678A patent/JPS5457123A/en active Granted
- 1978-09-22 DK DK420978A patent/DK420978A/en unknown
- 1978-09-22 ES ES473601A patent/ES473601A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-22 BR BR7806271A patent/BR7806271A/en unknown
- 1978-09-25 NZ NZ188493A patent/NZ188493A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5457123A (en) | 1979-05-08 |
| FR2404313A1 (en) | 1979-04-20 |
| FR2404313B1 (en) | 1981-03-06 |
| JPS6155223B2 (en) | 1986-11-26 |
| EP0001554A1 (en) | 1979-05-02 |
| AR222020A1 (en) | 1981-04-15 |
| AU4003878A (en) | 1980-03-27 |
| NZ188493A (en) | 1980-10-24 |
| IT7869143A0 (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| DK420978A (en) | 1979-03-24 |
| ES473601A1 (en) | 1979-04-01 |
| BR7806271A (en) | 1979-05-02 |
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