NO772121L - HEATING ELEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR LARGE AREAS - Google Patents
HEATING ELEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR LARGE AREASInfo
- Publication number
- NO772121L NO772121L NO772121A NO772121A NO772121L NO 772121 L NO772121 L NO 772121L NO 772121 A NO772121 A NO 772121A NO 772121 A NO772121 A NO 772121A NO 772121 L NO772121 L NO 772121L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- heating element
- large areas
- electrodes
- insulating layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 8
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Abstract
Oppvarmingselément, spesielt for store arealer.Heating element, especially for large areas.
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse er et oppvarmingselément, spesielt for et stort areal. The present invention is a heating element, especially for a large area.
Til nu kjente lavtemperatur-oppvarmingselementer, (W.E. Gul, L.N. Carskij, N.S. Majzel, -L.Z. Szenfil, W.S. Zurawlew, Hitherto known low-temperature heating elements, (W.E. Gul, L.N. Carskij, N.S. Majzel, -L.Z. Szenfil, W.S. Zurawlew,
N.E. Szczibrja, Elektroprowodiaszczyje polimernyje materiaiy, Moskwa 1968, sidene 204-233 og N.H. Norman, Conductive rubbers N.E. Szczibrja, Elektroprowodiaszczyje polimernyje materiaiy, Moskwa 1968, pages 204-233 and N.H. Norman, Conductive rubbers
and plastics, EPC Ltd., Amsterdam - London - New York 1970,and plastics, EPC Ltd., Amsterdam - London - New York 1970,
sidene 248-252) , består av et indre strømledende sjikt hvori det er innleiret eller presses inn elektroder i form av egnede tråder eller bånd samt ytre sjikt bestående av en ikke-ledende polymer. pages 248-252), consists of an inner current-conducting layer in which electrodes are embedded or pressed in in the form of suitable wires or bands and an outer layer consisting of a non-conductive polymer.
Det ledende sjikt består av en gummi fylt med acetylensot, i 70 og opptil 100 vektdeler sot pr. 100 deler gummi, eller av systemer bestående av polyetylen, polyisobutylen og acetylensot eller av polypropylen og acetylensot, der innholdet av acetylensot i disse systemer tilsvarer omtrent 100 vektdeler/100 deler polymer. The conducting layer consists of a rubber filled with acetylene soot, in 70 and up to 100 parts by weight of soot per 100 parts of rubber, or of systems consisting of polyethylene, polyisobutylene and acetylene soot or of polypropylene and acetylene soot, where the content of acetylene soot in these systems corresponds to approximately 100 parts by weight/100 parts of polymer.
Betydelige mangler ved de beskrevne elementer er usta-bilitet hva angår de elektriske parametre, spesielt .ved bruk av ledende gummier, såvel som liten varighet for kontaktene: elektroder hhv. ledende polymer. Significant shortcomings of the described elements are instability with regard to the electrical parameters, especially when using conductive rubbers, as well as short duration for the contacts: electrodes or conductive polymer.
Betydelige mengder sot i ledende polymerer forårsaker en synlig forverring av de mekaniske egenskaper for de fremstilte elementer. Significant amounts of soot in conductive polymers cause a visible deterioration of the mechanical properties of the manufactured elements.
Oppvarmingselementer bestående av et indre ledende sjikt med elektroder og ytre isolerende sjikt ifølge oppfinnelsen, karakteriseres ved at det ledende sjikt består av en sammensetning av polyesterharpiks med sot i en mengde mindre enn eller lik 10 vekt-%, der egnede elektroder er plassert i form av et metallgitter, karbonfibre eller perforert metallfolie. Heating elements consisting of an inner conductive layer with electrodes and outer insulating layer according to the invention are characterized in that the conductive layer consists of a composition of polyester resin with carbon black in an amount less than or equal to 10% by weight, where suitable electrodes are placed in the form of a metal grid, carbon fibers or perforated metal foil.
De ledende og isolerende sjikt er fortrinnsvis forsterket med glassfiber. The conductive and insulating layers are preferably reinforced with fiberglass.
De ytre isolerende sjikt kan være farget.The outer insulating layers can be colored.
Det således fremstilte oppvarmingselément utmerker segThe heating element produced in this way excels
ved et antall fordeler, som skal beskrives nedenfor.by a number of advantages, which will be described below.
For det første gjør det mulige kompakte arrangement av elektrodene det mulig med lav spenning. Således blir plater med en tykkelse på omtrent 5 mm, matet med 24V strøm, oppvarmet til en temperatur på 70°C. First, the possible compact arrangement of the electrodes allows for low voltage. Thus, plates with a thickness of approximately 5 mm, fed with 24 V current, are heated to a temperature of 70°C.
De pålagte elektroder i form av et metallgitter eller av karbonfibre eller eventuelt av metallfolie vanskeliggjør kombi-nasjon av de ytre isolerte sjikt med det ledende sjikt og mulig-gjør vilkårlige former for de fremstilte elementer. På grunn av lederegenskapene for disse sammensatte stoffer, er de oppnådde oppvarmingselementer flammesikre, og etter tilsetning av egnede selvslukkende stoffer, fullstendig ubrennbare. The applied electrodes in the form of a metal grid or of carbon fibers or possibly of metal foil make it difficult to combine the outer insulated layers with the conductive layer and enable arbitrary shapes for the manufactured elements. Due to the conductive properties of these composite substances, the obtained heating elements are flameproof and, after the addition of suitable self-extinguishing substances, completely non-combustible.
Oppvarmingselementene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan benyttesThe heating elements according to the invention can be used
som oppvarmingselementer for romoppvarming i større bygninger, leiligheter eller lignende. Lav temperatur for oppvarmingselementene, hvilken ikke overskrider 120°C, eliminerer faren for brann og forbrenning. På grunn av muligheten for ønsket form, j kan de således fremstilte oppvarmingselementer benyttes i tran-sportmidler, som sporvogner, tog og spesielt skip og andre far-tøyer . ' De beskrevne oppvarmingselementer kan også anvendes for oppvarming av veier og fortauer, jernbanepenser og krysninger, såvel som for oppvarming av sportsarenaer, .som fotballbaner og tennisbaner. as heating elements for space heating in larger buildings, apartments or the like. Low temperature of the heating elements, which does not exceed 120°C, eliminates the risk of fire and burns. Due to the possibility of the desired shape, the heating elements produced in this way can be used in means of transport, such as trams, trains and especially ships and other vessels. The described heating elements can also be used for heating roads and pavements, railway crossings and crossings, as well as for heating sports arenas, such as football pitches and tennis courts.
Gjenstanden for oppfinnelsen skal illustreres ved det følgende eksempel. The object of the invention shall be illustrated by the following example.
Eksempel 1Example 1
På en glassplate, dekket med en separerende innretningOn a glass plate, covered with a separating device
i form av en polyvinylalkohol, legges det et isolerende sjikt bestående av polyesterharpiks med en tykkelse på 0,3 mm, og, in the form of a polyvinyl alcohol, an insulating layer consisting of polyester resin with a thickness of 0.3 mm is laid, and,
når geldannelsen er ferdig, dekkes dette med en glassmadrass impregnert med polyesterharpiks. Det således oppnådde isolerende sjikt dekkes med et ledende sjikt, og dette oppnås ved å when the gel formation is complete, this is covered with a glass mattress impregnated with polyester resin. The insulating layer thus obtained is covered with a conductive layer, and this is achieved by
gni inn en umettet polyesterharpiks med 2 vekt-% acetylensot i pastaform. På dette sjikt legges elektroder i form av et kobbernett og på dette 4 sjikt glassduker dynket med en ledende rub in an unsaturated polyester resin with 2% by weight of acetylene soot in paste form. On this layer, electrodes are placed in the form of a copper grid and on this 4 layers of glass sheets soaked with a conductive
polyesterharpiks og en andre elektrode bestående av en kobberduk, og denne sistnevnte dekkes med et sjikt av ledende harpiks. Etter ferdig geldanhelse, blir hele komposittelementet dekket med glassull dynket med polyesterharpiks. polyester resin and a second electrode consisting of a copper cloth, and this latter is covered with a layer of conductive resin. After gel curing, the entire composite element is covered with glass wool soaked in polyester resin.
Oppvarmingselementet, som således oppnås, blir etter herding separert fra glassplaten. The heating element, which is thus obtained, is separated from the glass plate after curing.
Eksempel 2Example 2
På en teflonplate legges det et isolerende sjikt bestående av en epoksyharpiks med en tykkelse på 0,5 mm. Dette sjikt dekkes med en ledende harpiks oppnådd ved inngnidning av den umettede polyesterharpiks med 6 vekt-% acetylensot til en pasta, og på denne "sandwich" legges det i rekkefølge følgende sjikt: elektroder i form av en duk av karbonfibre, to sjikt av glassull impregnert med en ledende harpiks og en andre elektrode bestående av karbonfibre. Etter ferdig geldannelse, blir platen - dekket med et isolerende sjikt av epoksyharpiks. Elektrodene kombineres med forbindelseskabler, og det ferdige, element sepa-reres fra teflonplaten. An insulating layer consisting of an epoxy resin with a thickness of 0.5 mm is placed on a Teflon plate. This layer is covered with a conductive resin obtained by rubbing the unsaturated polyester resin with 6% by weight of acetylene soot into a paste, and on this "sandwich" the following layers are placed in order: electrodes in the form of a sheet of carbon fibers, two layers of glass wool impregnated with a conductive resin and a second electrode consisting of carbon fibers. After complete gel formation, the plate - is covered with an insulating layer of epoxy resin. The electrodes are combined with connecting cables, and the finished element is separated from the Teflon plate.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL1976190548A PL112920B1 (en) | 1976-06-18 | 1976-06-18 | Heating element,particularly large surface one |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO772121L true NO772121L (en) | 1977-12-20 |
Family
ID=19977380
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO772121A NO772121L (en) | 1976-06-18 | 1977-06-16 | HEATING ELEMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR LARGE AREAS |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52156436A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT374650B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1091739A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH616800A5 (en) |
| CS (1) | CS198258B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD131060A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2726791A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2355427A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1579559A (en) |
| HU (1) | HU175149B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1083386B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO772121L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL112920B1 (en) |
| RO (1) | RO73410A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7706995L (en) |
| YU (1) | YU139777A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4314230A (en) * | 1980-07-31 | 1982-02-02 | Raychem Corporation | Devices comprising conductive polymers |
| JPS61203588A (en) * | 1985-03-06 | 1986-09-09 | 日本ユニカーボン株式会社 | Carbon heat generating body |
| GB2182413B (en) * | 1985-11-04 | 1989-12-06 | Lee Fisher Robinson | Improvements relating to protection of pipelines and fluid containers |
| GB201308023D0 (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-06-12 | Rolls Royce Plc | Composite structure |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS529595Y2 (en) * | 1971-06-23 | 1977-02-28 | ||
| JPS516369A (en) * | 1974-07-05 | 1976-01-19 | Hitachi Ltd |
-
1976
- 1976-06-18 PL PL1976190548A patent/PL112920B1/en unknown
-
1977
- 1977-06-03 CH CH685077A patent/CH616800A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-06-06 YU YU01397/77A patent/YU139777A/en unknown
- 1977-06-08 AT AT0406277A patent/AT374650B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-06-08 FR FR7717549A patent/FR2355427A1/en active Granted
- 1977-06-13 GB GB24617/77A patent/GB1579559A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-14 DE DE19772726791 patent/DE2726791A1/en active Pending
- 1977-06-15 CA CA280,592A patent/CA1091739A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-16 RO RO7790726A patent/RO73410A/en unknown
- 1977-06-16 SE SE7706995A patent/SE7706995L/en unknown
- 1977-06-16 HU HU77PO651A patent/HU175149B/en unknown
- 1977-06-16 NO NO772121A patent/NO772121L/en unknown
- 1977-06-16 DD DD7700199530A patent/DD131060A5/en unknown
- 1977-06-17 CS CS774032A patent/CS198258B2/en unknown
- 1977-06-17 IT IT68414/77A patent/IT1083386B/en active
- 1977-06-17 JP JP7119377A patent/JPS52156436A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL112920B1 (en) | 1980-11-29 |
| DD131060A5 (en) | 1978-05-24 |
| FR2355427A1 (en) | 1978-01-13 |
| CS198258B2 (en) | 1980-05-30 |
| JPS52156436A (en) | 1977-12-26 |
| FR2355427B1 (en) | 1982-01-15 |
| CA1091739A (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| ATA406277A (en) | 1983-09-15 |
| GB1579559A (en) | 1980-11-19 |
| CH616800A5 (en) | 1980-04-15 |
| DE2726791A1 (en) | 1977-12-22 |
| IT1083386B (en) | 1985-05-21 |
| AT374650B (en) | 1984-05-10 |
| YU139777A (en) | 1982-05-31 |
| SE7706995L (en) | 1977-12-19 |
| RO73410A (en) | 1981-09-24 |
| HU175149B (en) | 1980-05-28 |
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