NO770028L - PROCEDURES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AUSTENITIC HARD MANGANTS} L. - Google Patents
PROCEDURES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AUSTENITIC HARD MANGANTS} L.Info
- Publication number
- NO770028L NO770028L NO770028A NO770028A NO770028L NO 770028 L NO770028 L NO 770028L NO 770028 A NO770028 A NO 770028A NO 770028 A NO770028 A NO 770028A NO 770028 L NO770028 L NO 770028L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- temperature
- casting
- mold
- austenitic
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av austenittisk, hardt manganstål. Procedure for the production of austenitic, hard manganese steel.
Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av austenittisk, hardt manganstål eller såkalt Hadfieldstål. The invention relates to a method for the production of austenitic, hard manganese steel or so-called Hadfield steel.
Den for tiden anvendte fremstillingsprosess for Hadfieldstål som inneholder 0,9-1,5% carbon (C), 9-20% mangan (Mn), 0,2-1,5% silicium (Si) og eventuelt som ekstra legeringselementer 0-4% The currently used manufacturing process for Hadfield steel contains 0.9-1.5% carbon (C), 9-20% manganese (Mn), 0.2-1.5% silicon (Si) and possibly as additional alloying elements 0- 4%
krom (Cr), 0-4% nikkel (Ni), 0-3% molybden (Mo), 0-3% kobber (Cu) og/eller som mikrolegeringselementer 0-15% titan (Ti), 0-0,15% chromium (Cr), 0-4% nickel (Ni), 0-3% molybdenum (Mo), 0-3% copper (Cu) and/or as microalloying elements 0-15% titanium (Ti), 0-0.15 %
niob (Nb), 0-0,15% vanadium (V), 0-0,1% zirkonium (Zr) eller 0-0,05% bor (B)<p>g som i anvendelsestilstanden har en rent austenittisk mikrostruktur, omfatter ved fremstilling av støpte Hadfield-stålprodukter de følgende trinn: niobium (Nb), 0-0.15% vanadium (V), 0-0.1% zirconium (Zr) or 0-0.05% boron (B)<p>g which in the state of use has a purely austenitic microstructure, in the manufacture of cast Hadfield steel products includes the following steps:
1. Smelting i basisk foret ovn - temperatur 1400-1600°C1. Smelting in an alkaline lined furnace - temperature 1400-1600°C
2. Støping i sand- eller metallform - temperatur 1375-1525°C2. Casting in sand or metal form - temperature 1375-1525°C
3. Avkjøling sammen med formen til værelsetempeiratur3. Cooling together with the mold to room temperature
4. Åpning av formen og pussing av støpestykket4. Opening the mold and polishing the casting
5. Oppvarming til varmebehandlingstemperaturen 100G-1100°C med en oppvarmingshastighet av høyst 100°C/h 6. Gløding ved varmebehandlingstemperaturen 1000-1100°C i 1-6 timer avhengig av støpestykkets størrelse 7. Hurtig avkjøling til værelsetemperatur - i praksis bråkjøling i vann. A 5. Heating to the heat treatment temperature 100G-1100°C with a heating rate of no more than 100°C/h 6. Annealing at the heat treatment temperature 1000-1100°C for 1-6 hours depending on the size of the casting 7. Rapid cooling to room temperature - in practice quenching in water. A
Ved den ovennevnte fremstillingsprosess fås et homogent austenittisk Hadfieldstål med en mikrostruktur som gjør at det først og fremst er egnet for anvendelse i slitedeler som er utsatt for hårde, støtlignende påkjenninger. Hadfieldstålet er meget anvendbart under slike forhold da det har de følgende to verdifulle egenskaper: - på grunn av dets austenittiske mikrostruktur er det meget seigt og motstår støtpåkjenninger også under frysebetingelser The above-mentioned manufacturing process produces a homogeneous austenitic Hadfield steel with a microstructure that makes it primarily suitable for use in wear parts that are exposed to hard, impact-like stresses. The Hadfield steel is very applicable under such conditions as it has the following two valuable properties: - due to its austenitic microstructure, it is very tough and resists impact stresses even under freezing conditions
- det får en sterkt øket styrke ved bearbeiding.- it gets a greatly increased strength during processing.
Under bruk vil støtpåkjenninger mot stålet herde ståloverflaten fra en utgangshardhet av ca. 200 HB til en hardhet av 550 HB, hvorved stålets slitefasthet blir utmerket. Herdingen når. ikke inn til det indre som derfor forholder seg seigt og dermed hele støpe-stykket. During use, impact stresses against the steel will harden the steel surface from an initial hardness of approx. 200 HB to a hardness of 550 HB, whereby the wear resistance of the steel is excellent. The hardening when. not into the interior, which is therefore tough and thus the entire casting.
Det er en forutsetning for at stålet skal forholde seg seigt at strukturen er homogen austenitt. Når stålet avkjøles langsomt i formen-til værelsetemperatur efter støpingen, utskilles carbid ved austenittens korngrenser innen temperaturområdet 960-300°C, It is a prerequisite for the steel to be tough that the structure is homogeneous austenite. When the steel cools slowly in the mold to room temperature after casting, carbide is separated at the grain boundaries of the austenite within the temperature range 960-300°C,
og dette carbid danner et sammenhengende nett som gjør at stålet blir fullstendig sprøtt. Dette carbidnett kan unngås ved å opp-hete stålet over 960°C da carbidet ikke lenger er stabilt ved denne temperatur, men oppløses i den austenittiske grunnmasse. Carbidene hindres fra å utskilles på'ny ved hurtig avkjøling gjennom.det kritiske temperaturområde'960-300°C da utskillelsen av carbidene er en prosess som beror på diffusjon og som ikke rekker å komme igang dersom nedkjølingen er tilstrekkelig hurtig. Det eneste formål med den varmebehandling som Hadfieldstålet and this carbide forms a continuous network which causes the steel to become completely brittle. This carbide network can be avoided by heating the steel above 960°C, as the carbide is no longer stable at this temperature, but dissolves in the austenitic matrix. The carbides are prevented from being separated again by rapid cooling through the critical temperature range of 960-300°C, as the separation of the carbides is a process which depends on diffusion and which does not have time to start if the cooling is sufficiently rapid. The only purpose of the heat treatment as Hadfield steel
bør underkastes, dvs. oppvarming ved 1000-1100°C og bråkjøling i vann, er å fjerne det carbidnett som er blitt dannet i de tid-ligere trinn av framstillingsprosessen. should be subjected to, i.e. heating at 1000-1100°C and quenching in water, is to remove the carbide network that has been formed in the earlier stages of the manufacturing process.
Oppfinnelsen angår således en fremgangsmåte ved fremstilling av austenittisk, hardt manganstål eller såkalt Hadfieldstål, ved smelting i en basisk foret ovn ved en temperatur av 1400-1600°C og med påfølgende støping i sand- eller metallform ved en temperatur av 1375-1525°C, og fremgangsmåten er særpreget ved at The invention thus relates to a method for the production of austenitic, hard manganese steel or so-called Hadfield steel, by melting in an alkaline lined furnace at a temperature of 1400-1600°C and with subsequent casting in sand or metal form at a temperature of 1375-1525°C , and the method is characterized by the fact that
■ støpestykket efter støpingen avkjøles sammen med formen til en temperatur av 960-1150°C og fjernes fra formen ved. denne temperatur og umiddelbart bråkjøles i vann eller i et annet bråkjølings-middel. ■ the casting after casting is cooled together with the mold to a temperature of 960-1150°C and is removed from the mold by. this temperature and immediately quenched in water or another quenching agent.
Ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte hindres det fullstendig at skadelige korngrensecarbider dannes, slik at det ikke er nød-vendig å utføre en varmebehandling for .å fjerne disse carbider. Ideen med.den direkte bråkjøling av Hadfieldstålet ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte er derfor å utføre denne før skadelige korngrensecarbider energimessig har hatt mulighet for å skilles ut, dvs. ved en temperatur over 960°C, slik at det blir over-flødig med en egen varmebehandling av stålet. With the present method, harmful grain boundary carbides are completely prevented from forming, so that it is not necessary to carry out a heat treatment to remove these carbides. The idea with the direct quenching of the Hadfield steel in the present method is therefore to carry out this before harmful grain boundary carbides have had the opportunity in terms of energy to separate out, i.e. at a temperature above 960°C, so that a separate heat treatment becomes redundant of the steel.
Den direkte bråkjøling som utføres ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte byr på betydelige fordeler sammenlignet med den for tiden anvendte fremstillingsprosess, som følger: The direct quenching carried out by the present method offers significant advantages compared to the currently used manufacturing process, as follows:
1. Forkortning av gjennomgangstiden1. Shortening the review time
Gjennomgangstiden forkortes med 70-90% i avhengighet av støpe-stykkets størrelse. For et f.eks. 100 mm tykt Hadfield-støpe-stykke kreves ved anvendelse av den kjente fremstillingsprosess den følgende tid: smelting 3 timer + støping 0,2 time + avkjøling i formen til værelsetemperatur 20 timer + oppvarming, til austenittiseringstemperaturen 10 timer + gløding ved austenittiseringstemperaturen 3 timer + bråkjøling i vann 0,3 time eller sammenlagt 36,5 timer. The review time is shortened by 70-90% depending on the size of the casting. For an e.g. A 100 mm thick Hadfield casting requires, using the known manufacturing process, the following time: melting 3 hours + casting 0.2 hours + cooling in the mold to room temperature 20 hours + heating to the austenitizing temperature 10 hours + annealing at the austenitizing temperature 3 hours + quenching in water 0.3 hours or a total of 36.5 hours.
Ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte kreves de følgende tider for å komme til det samme sluttresultat (den mellomglødetid som ble anvendt for å sikre kvaliteten, er angitt i parentes): smelting 3 timer + støping 0,2 time + avkjøling i formen til brå-kjølingstemperaturen 1 time + åpning av formen 0,3 time (+ mellom-gløding 1 time) + bråkjøling i vann 0,3 time.eller sammenlagt 4,8 timer (5,8 timer), dvs. at gjennomgangstiden forkortes med ca.., 87% (8,4%) . In the present method, the following times are required to reach the same final result (the intermediate annealing time used to ensure quality is indicated in parentheses): melting 3 hours + casting 0.2 hours + cooling in the mold to the quench temperature 1 hour + opening of the mold 0.3 hour (+ intermediate annealing 1 hour) + quenching in water 0.3 hour. or a total of 4.8 hours (5.8 hours), i.e. that the review time is shortened by approx.., 87 % (8.4%) .
2. Energi2. Energy
Smelting av 1 kg Hadfieldstål krever teoretisk en energimengde av ca. 1,05 MJ (oppvarming + smelting). Stålsmelteovnens nytteeffekt er normalt ca. 0,5, og smelting av 1 kg Hadfieldstål krever derfor i praksis ca. 2 MJ. Melting 1 kg of Hadfield steel theoretically requires an energy amount of approx. 1.05 MJ (heating + melting). The steel melting furnace's useful output is normally approx. 0.5, and melting 1 kg of Hadfield steel therefore in practice requires approx. 2 MJ.
For å oppvarme Hadfieldstålet til varmebehandlingstemperaturen kreves teoretisk en energimengde av ca. 0,5 MJ. Varmebehandlings-ovnenes nytteeffekt varierer normalt mellom 0,1 og 0,3, og det går derfor med en energi av 1,5-5 MJ/kg for en varmebehandling. Dersom det antas at ovnens nytteeffekt .er 0,25, vil fremstillings-prosessen for Hadfieldstål forbruke en energi pr. kg støpte Hadfieldstålprodukter som følger: Den kjente prosess: smelting 2 MJ + varmebehandling 2 MJ eller sammenlagt 4 MJ. To heat the Hadfield steel to the heat treatment temperature, an amount of energy of approx. 0.5 MJ. The efficiency of the heat treatment ovens normally varies between 0.1 and 0.3, and it therefore works with an energy of 1.5-5 MJ/kg for a heat treatment. If it is assumed that the furnace's efficiency is 0.25, the production process for Hadfield steel will consume one energy per kg cast Hadfield steel products as follows: The known process: melting 2 MJ + heat treatment 2 MJ or a total of 4 MJ.
Den foreliggende fremgangsmåte: smelting 2 MJ. Ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte fås derved en energibesparelse på 50%. The present method: melting 2 MJ. With the present method, an energy saving of 50% is thereby obtained.
3. Nedsatt sprekkdanne.lsesrisiko3. Reduced risk of cracking
I Hadfieldstål som avkjøles langsomt,' dannes innen temperatur området 960-300°C et korngrensecarbidnett som gjør stålet fullstendig sprøtt. Hvis et slikt sprøtt stål utsettes for store spenninger, vil stålet lett sprekke langs korngrensene. Ved den kjente .fremgangsmåte kan det oppstå spenninger som følger: - Det hardnede formstøpegods hindrer stålets frie faste krympning, hvorved sprekker dannes allerede i formen under avkjølingen. - Ved oppvarming til varmebehandlingstemperaturen. Hadfield-stålets varmeledningsevne er forholdsvis dårlig, og store temperaturforskjellspenninger som vil kunne føre til sprekkdannelse i støpestykket, vil derfor oppstå ved hurtig oppvarming av støpestykket. Denne risiko er større jo tykkere støpestykket er. In Hadfield steel that cools slowly, a grain boundary carbide network is formed within the temperature range 960-300°C which makes the steel completely brittle. If such a brittle steel is subjected to high stresses, the steel will easily crack along the grain boundaries. With the known method, tensions can arise as follows: - The hardened mold material prevents the free solid shrinkage of the steel, whereby cracks are already formed in the mold during cooling. - When heating to the heat treatment temperature. Hadfield steel's thermal conductivity is relatively poor, and large temperature differential stresses that could lead to cracking in the casting will therefore occur when the casting is heated rapidly. This risk is greater the thicker the casting.
Ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte med umiddelbar bråkjøling unngås begge disse risikoer da de hovedsakelige årsaker til sprekkdannelse, dvs. korngrensecarbidene, ikke vil dannes i noe av prosessens forskjellige trinn, mens det på den annen side unngås at det dannes sprekker i varmebehandlingstrinnet av den grunn at en varmebehandling ikke utføres. With the present method of immediate quenching, both of these risks are avoided as the main causes of crack formation, i.e. the grain boundary carbides, will not form in any of the different stages of the process, while on the other hand it is avoided that cracks are formed in the heat treatment step for the reason that a heat treatment is not carried out.
4. Unngåelse av carbontap4. Avoidance of carbon loss
I Hadfieldståiets overflate finner5 et betydelig carbontap sted under varmebehandlingen, og det følger av dette at ved avkjølingen efter austenittisering forblir ståloverflaten ikke austenittisk, In the Hadfield steel's surface,5 a significant loss of carbon takes place during the heat treatment, and it follows from this that during cooling after austenitizing, the steel surface does not remain austenitic,
men går over til å bli martensittisk, og martensitt er en hård,but passes to become martensitic, and martensite is a hard,
men sprø, strukturkomponent som forårsaker at det dannes over-flatesprekker i støpestykket. Ved anvendelse av den foreliggende fremgangsmåte med direkte bråkjøling forekommer intet carbontap da en egen varmebehandling ikke utføres. but brittle, structural component that causes surface cracks to form in the casting. When using the present method with direct quenching, no carbon loss occurs as a separate heat treatment is not carried out.
5. Bibeholdelse av en liten kornstørrelse5. Retention of a small grain size
Hadfieldståiets slitasjemotstand er omvendt proporsjonal medHadfield steel's wear resistance is inversely proportional to
stålets kornstørrelse. Hadfieldstålet er austenittisk ved alle temperaturer, og ingen faseforandringer finner sted slik at korn-størrelsen ikke kan gjøres finere ved hjelp av en varmebehandling. Den kornstørrelse som er bestemmende for stålets kvalitet, dannes allerede under størkningstrinnet, og efterfølgende varmebehandlinger vil bare kunne bevirke at kornene vokser. Ved den direkte brå- the grain size of the steel. The Hadfield steel is austenitic at all temperatures, and no phase changes take place so that the grain size cannot be made finer by means of a heat treatment. The grain size that determines the steel's quality is already formed during the solidification step, and subsequent heat treatments will only cause the grains to grow. At the direct abrupt-
kjøling som utføres ved den foreliggende fremgangsmåte som ikke omfatter separate varmebehandlinger, kan den kornstørrelse som dannes under støpingen, beholdes, mens kornstørrelsen ved den for tiden anvendte fremgangsmåte mer eller mindre øker under varmebehandlingen og således foranlediger en forringelse av stålets kvalitet. cooling carried out by the present method which does not include separate heat treatments, the grain size formed during casting can be retained, while the grain size in the currently used method more or less increases during the heat treatment and thus causes a deterioration of the quality of the steel.
Claims (2)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FI760019A FI760019A (en) | 1976-01-07 | 1976-01-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO770028L true NO770028L (en) | 1977-07-08 |
Family
ID=8509671
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO770028A NO770028L (en) | 1976-01-07 | 1977-01-06 | PROCEDURES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AUSTENITIC HARD MANGANTS} L. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2700573A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI760019A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO770028L (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7700017L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3373281D1 (en) * | 1983-03-14 | 1987-10-08 | Serio Thomas Di | Method of producing pieces of aluminium or aluminium alloy |
| DE3584141D1 (en) * | 1984-11-20 | 1991-10-24 | Fujitsu Ltd | METHOD FOR PROJECTING A PHOTOELECTRIC IMAGE. |
| DE10352182B4 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2008-10-02 | Dihag Deutsche Giesserei- Und Industrie-Holding Ag | Method for producing a thin-walled cast steel component made of stainless steel |
-
1976
- 1976-01-07 FI FI760019A patent/FI760019A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-12-31 SE SE7700017A patent/SE7700017L/en unknown
-
1977
- 1977-01-06 NO NO770028A patent/NO770028L/en unknown
- 1977-01-07 DE DE19772700573 patent/DE2700573A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7700017L (en) | 1977-07-08 |
| FI760019A (en) | 1977-07-08 |
| DE2700573A1 (en) | 1977-07-21 |
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