NO750883L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO750883L NO750883L NO750883A NO750883A NO750883L NO 750883 L NO750883 L NO 750883L NO 750883 A NO750883 A NO 750883A NO 750883 A NO750883 A NO 750883A NO 750883 L NO750883 L NO 750883L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- styrene
- olefin polymers
- mixture
- consist
- finely divided
- Prior art date
Links
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 77
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- -1 polyethylenes Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-3-enoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)CC=C DQXBYHZEEUGOBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1h-pyrazole-5-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1NN=CC=1Br QISOBCMNUJQOJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical class CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012765 fibrous filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940073584 methylene chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/16—Making expandable particles
- C08J9/20—Making expandable particles by suspension polymerisation in the presence of the blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2351/06—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
Description
Denne oppfinnelse angår oppskumbare polymermasser basert This invention relates to foamable polymer masses based on
på podepolymerer av styren på polyolefiner. on graft polymers of styrene on polyolefins.
Ved fremstilling av oppskumbare findelte polymermasser finner forskjellige fremgangsmåter anvendelse i industrien. Således blir eksempelvis oppskumbare polymeeer av styren fremstilt ved polymerisering av styren-monomeren i vandig suspensjon i nærvær av et drivmiddel. Denne fremgangsmåte lar seg imidlertid ikke overføre på fremstilling av oppskumbare olefinpolymerer. Disse fremstilles vanligvis ved at olefinpolymerene i termoplastisk tilstand blandes med et drivmiddel i fast form, altså et stoff som ved oppvarming til høyere temperaturer spaltes under dannelse av gassformige pro-dukter» Forarbeider man oppskumbare styrenpolymerer til skumstoffer, så er det en rekke egenskaper som ikke viser seg å være helt tilfredsstillende. Således er eksempelvis oppskummede styrenpolymerer ømfintlige overfor løsningsmidler, slik at skumstoffer av oppskumbare styæenpolymerer krever spesielle typer maling, lakk, lim etc. som ikke inneholder løsningsmidler. In the production of foamable finely divided polymer masses, various methods are used in industry. Thus, for example, foamable polymers of styrene are produced by polymerizing the styrene monomer in aqueous suspension in the presence of a propellant. However, this method cannot be transferred to the production of foamable olefin polymers. These are usually produced by mixing the olefin polymers in a thermoplastic state with a propellant in solid form, i.e. a substance which, when heated to higher temperatures, decomposes to form gaseous products." If you process foamable styrene polymers into foams, there are a number of properties that are not turns out to be completely satisfactory. Thus, for example, foamed styrene polymers are sensitive to solvents, so that foams of foamable styrene polymers require special types of paint, varnish, glue etc. that do not contain solvents.
Oppfinnelsen tar derfor sikte på å tilveiebringe oppskumbare polymermasser basert på termoplastiske polymerer og drivmiddel, hvilke polymermasser ikke har de nevnte ulemper. The invention therefore aims to provide foamable polymer masses based on thermoplastic polymers and propellant, which polymer masses do not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
Oppgaven løses i henhold til oppfinnelsen ved at man som termoplastisk polymer anvender en podepolymer av styren på en olefinpolymer. The task is solved according to the invention by using a graft polymer of styrene on an olefin polymer as a thermoplastic polymer.
Oppfinnelsen tilveiebringer videre en fremgangsmåte til fremstilling av slike oppskumbare polymermasser. Denne går ut på The invention further provides a method for producing such foamable polymer masses. This applies to
at man løser polyolefiner i vandig suspensjon i styren ved temperaturer over 60°C, eventuelt i blanding med andre monomerer, fin-dispergerer løsningen i vandig fase og podepolymeriserer monomerene i nærvær av et drivmiddel. that one dissolves polyolefins in aqueous suspension in styrene at temperatures above 60°C, possibly in a mixture with other monomers, finely disperses the solution in the aqueous phase and grafts the monomers in the presence of a propellant.
Det er en særlig fordel at man etter denne fremgangsmåte oppnår findelte oppskumbare polymermasser med glatttoverflate og ønsket partikkelstørrelse. Disse oppskumbare polymermasser kan oppskummes til skumstoffer som er motstandsdyktige overfor løsnings-midlers innvirkning. It is a particular advantage that, following this method, finely divided foamable polymer masses with a smooth surface and the desired particle size are obtained. These foamable polymer masses can be foamed into foams that are resistant to the effects of solvents.
Med podepolymerer forstås i det foreliggende podepolymerer av styren på olefinpolymerer, slik de erholdes ved polymerisering av styren, eventuelt i blanding med andre monomerer som er kopolymeriserbare med styren, på olefinpolymerer. In the present context, graft polymers are understood to mean graft polymers of styrene on olefin polymers, as they are obtained by polymerization of styrene, possibly in admixture with other monomers that are copolymerizable with styrene, on olefin polymers.
Podepolymerenes styreninnhold ligger fordelaktig mellom 30 og 95 vekt%, fortrinnsvis mellom 50 og 90 vekt%. Ved fremstilling av podepolymerene kan det foruten styren også anvendes andre, med styren kopolymeriserbare monomerer i slike mengder at styrenandelen, beregnet på monomerene, utgjør minst 50 vekt%. Som slike kopolyme-riseringskomponenter kan eksempelvis anvendes: a-metylstyren, kjerne-halogenerte styrener, akrylnitril, estere av akrylsyre eller metak-rylsyre og alkoholer med 1-8 karbonatomer, vinylkarbazol eller også små mengder av forbindelser som inneholder to polymeriserbare dob-beltbind inge r, så som butadien, divinylbenzen eller butandioldiak-rylat. The styrene content of the graft polymers is advantageously between 30 and 95% by weight, preferably between 50 and 90% by weight. In the production of the graft polymers, in addition to styrene, other monomers copolymerizable with styrene can also be used in such quantities that the proportion of styrene, calculated on the monomers, amounts to at least 50% by weight. As such copolymerization components can be used, for example: α-methylstyrene, core halogenated styrenes, acrylonitrile, esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and alcohols with 1-8 carbon atoms, vinylcarbazole or also small amounts of compounds containing two polymerizable double bonds r, such as butadiene, divinylbenzene or butanediol diarylate.
Egnede olefinpolymerer er særlig polymerer av etylen, pro-pylen eller buten-1. Blant disse foretrekkes etylenhomo- og -kopoly-merene. Således kan man eksempelvis anvende etylenhomopolymerer framstilt ved høytrykks- eller lavtrykks-polymerisering med en tetthet mellom 0,85 og 0,965 g/cm . Egnede etylenkopolymerer inneholder som komonomerer enten andre olefiner eller eksempelvis vinylestere av syrer med 2-4 karbonatomer, så som vinylacetat, vinylpropionat eller akrylsyre- og metakrylsyreestere av alkoholer med 1-10 karbonatomer. videre kan man bruke karbonoksyd, styren, svoveldioksyd, vinylklorid, fumar- og maleinsyreestere. Videre kan man bruke blandinger av olefinpolymerer, eksempelvis blandinger av høytrykks- eller lavtrykkspolyetylen og etylenkopolymerer, så som kopolymerer av etylen og vinylacetat. Kopolymer-innholdet i etylenkopolymerene ligger fortrinnsvis mellom 1 og 49 vekt%, fortrinnsvis mellom 3 og 35 vekt%. Kopolymerenes smelteindeks kan variere innen vide grenser og er særlig 0,1-1000 g/10 min. (190°C/2,16 kg). Suitable olefin polymers are in particular polymers of ethylene, propylene or butene-1. Among these, the ethylene homo- and copolymers are preferred. Thus, for example, ethylene homopolymers produced by high-pressure or low-pressure polymerization with a density between 0.85 and 0.965 g/cm can be used. Suitable ethylene copolymers contain as comonomers either other olefins or, for example, vinyl esters of acids with 2-4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate or acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of alcohols with 1-10 carbon atoms. furthermore, carbon monoxide, styrene, sulfur dioxide, vinyl chloride, fumaric and maleic acid esters can be used. Furthermore, mixtures of olefin polymers can be used, for example mixtures of high-pressure or low-pressure polyethylene and ethylene copolymers, such as copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The copolymer content in the ethylene copolymers is preferably between 1 and 49% by weight, preferably between 3 and 35% by weight. The melt index of the copolymers can vary within wide limits and is in particular 0.1-1000 g/10 min. (190°C/2.16 kg).
Polyolefinene oppløses først i vandig suspensjon ved en temperatur over 60°C i styren, eventuelt saumen med de andre monomerene. Forholdet mellom oppløsning og vandig fase kan være ca. 1:1 til 1:20. Temperaturen ved oppløsningen skal hensiktsmessig ikke vesentlig overstige 100°C. Løsningen blir deretter findispergert i den vandige fase. Dette kan mest hensiktsmessig skje ved at løsnin-gen innrøres i den vandige fase. Avhengig av hvor store skjærkref-ter man anvender ved dispergeringen kan det fremstilles løsninger av polymerene i monomeren, hvor partikkeltverrmålet er fra 0,1 til 5 mm, fortrinnsvis fra 0,5 til 2,5 mm. The polyolefins are first dissolved in aqueous suspension at a temperature above 60°C in the styrene, possibly the seam with the other monomers. The ratio between solution and aqueous phase can be approx. 1:1 to 1:20. The temperature at the time of dissolution should ideally not significantly exceed 100°C. The solution is then finely dispersed in the aqueous phase. This can most conveniently happen by stirring the solution into the aqueous phase. Depending on how large shear forces are used during the dispersion, solutions can be prepared of the polymers in the monomer, where the particle diameter is from 0.1 to 5 mm, preferably from 0.5 to 2.5 mm.
Selvsagt er det også mulig å fremstille løsningen av polyolefinene i monomerene i en blandeinnretning og deretter tilsette løsningen dråpevis til den vandige fase under omrøring. Of course, it is also possible to prepare the solution of the polyolefins in the monomers in a mixing device and then add the solution dropwise to the aqueous phase while stirring.
For å stabilisere dråpene tilsetter man til den vandige To stabilize the drops, one adds to the aqueous one
fase en suspensjonsstabilisator, så som polyvinylalkohol, delvis for-såpet polyvinylacetat, polyvinylpyrrolidon, polyvinylpyridin, alkali-salter av polyakrylsyrer, eller polymere uorganiske salter, så som phase a suspension stabilizer, such as polyvinyl alcohol, partially saponified polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, alkali salts of polyacrylic acids, or polymeric inorganic salts, such as
polymert kaliummetaforfat. Tilsetning av små mengder av emulgerings-midler, så som oksetylerte fettsyrealkoholer, kan også være en fordel. polymeric potassium metaphor. The addition of small amounts of emulsifiers, such as oxethylated fatty acid alcohols, can also be an advantage.
Ved polymeriseringen anvender man hensiktsmessig radikaliske initiatorer, som tilsettes til den polymeriserte blanding i mengder på 0,01-2 vekt%, beregnet på monomermengden. Det anvendes bare slike initiatorer som oppviser en høyere spaltningshastighet ved temperaturer over 100°C. Halveringstiden ved 100°C ligger hensiktsmessig innen området 0,5-20 timer. Eksempelvis er di-tert.-butylperoksyd, tert.-butylhydroperoksyd og dikumylperoksyd godt egnet. Initiato-rene kan også anvendes i blanding.Initiatorene kan straks tilsettes til monomerene eller tilføres systemet under polymeriseringen og etter dispergeringen av partiklene. During the polymerization, radical initiators are suitably used, which are added to the polymerized mixture in amounts of 0.01-2% by weight, calculated on the amount of monomer. Only such initiators are used which exhibit a higher decomposition rate at temperatures above 100°C. The half-life at 100°C is conveniently within the range 0.5-20 hours. For example, di-tert-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide and dicumyl peroxide are well suited. The initiators can also be used in a mixture. The initiators can be immediately added to the monomers or added to the system during the polymerization and after the dispersion of the particles.
Polymeriseringen av monomerene utføres i nærvær av drivmiddel. Drivmidlene kan tilsettes til løsningen før polymeriseringen. Drivmiddelet kan imidlertid også tilsettes til systemet litt etter hvert under polymeriseringen. Særlig fordelaktig er det å tilsette drivmiddelet 1-2 timer etter begynnelsen av polymeriseringen i lø-pet av 1 time. The polymerization of the monomers is carried out in the presence of a propellant. The propellants can be added to the solution before polymerization. However, the propellant can also be added to the system little by little during the polymerization. It is particularly advantageous to add the propellant 1-2 hours after the beginning of the polymerization over the course of 1 hour.
Som drivmiddel inneholder partiklene hensiktsmessig lavmolekylære organiske stoffer med kokepunkt mellom -50 og 100°C. Fortrinnsvis anvender man under normalbetingelser gassformige eller væskeformige, alifatiske eller cykloalifatiske hydrokarboner, så som propan, butan, pentan, heksan eller cykloheksan, isobutan, isopentan eller isoheksan. Egnet er også halogenhydrokarborier, så som metylklorid, metylenklorid, etylkloéid,. diklordifluormetan, trifluorklor-metan. Videre kan man bruke etere, så som dimetyl- eller dietyl-etere, eller ketoner, for eksempel aceton. Disse drivmidler kan anvendes alene eller i blandinger. De foreligger i de findelte pode polymerer i mengder mellom 2 og 15 vekt%, fortrinnsvis mellom 4 og 10 vekt%. Undertiden har dfct vist seg fordelaktig å innarbeide i de drivmiddelholdige podepolymerer alkoholer i mengder på 0,1-10 vekt%, for eksempel etanol, i tillegg til drivmidlene. As a propellant, the particles suitably contain low-molecular organic substances with a boiling point between -50 and 100°C. Preferably, under normal conditions, gaseous or liquid, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons are used, such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane or cyclohexane, isobutane, isopentane or isohexane. Halogen hydrocarbons, such as methyl chloride, methylene chloride, ethyl chloride, are also suitable. dichlorodifluoromethane, trifluorochloromethane. Furthermore, ethers, such as dimethyl or diethyl ethers, or ketones, such as acetone, can be used. These propellants can be used alone or in mixtures. They are present in the finely divided graft polymers in amounts between 2 and 15% by weight, preferably between 4 and 10% by weight. Sometimes dfct has proven advantageous to incorporate into the propellant-containing graft polymers alcohols in amounts of 0.1-10% by weight, for example ethanol, in addition to the propellants.
Podepolymerene kan forarbeides i blanding med andre stoffer. Således kan podepolymerene inneholde brannhemmende midler, fargestof-fer, fyllstoffer, glidemidler eller også andre polymere materialer, for eksempel kautsjuklignende stoffer, så som polyisobutylen. Det kan også væreffordelaktig å tilsette fiberaktige fyll- eller for-sterkningsstoffer til polymerene. The graft polymers can be processed in a mixture with other substances. Thus, the graft polymers can contain fire retardants, dyes, fillers, lubricants or also other polymeric materials, for example rubber-like substances, such as polyisobutylene. It can also be advantageous to add fibrous fillers or reinforcements to the polymers.
Polymeriseringen av monomerene i nærvær av polyolefiner og drivmidler utføres hensiktsmessig ved temperaturer mellom 110 og 180 C alt etter den anvendte initiators halveringstid. Polymeriseringen utføres hensiktsmessig i den beholder i hvilken den fine fordeling av løsningen av polyolefinet i monomerene ble utført under omrøring. Det er hensiktsmessig å bruke den samme omrøringshastighet under polymeriseringen som under dispergeringen av løsningen i den vandige fase. Etter denne fremgangsmåte erholdes drivmiddelholdige polymer-partikler med et partikkeltverrmål på 0,1-5 mm, fortrinnsvis 0,5-2,5 mm. The polymerization of the monomers in the presence of polyolefins and propellants is conveniently carried out at temperatures between 110 and 180 C, depending on the half-life of the initiator used. The polymerization is conveniently carried out in the container in which the fine distribution of the solution of the polyolefin in the monomers was carried out while stirring. It is appropriate to use the same stirring speed during the polymerization as during the dispersion of the solution in the aqueous phase. Following this method, propellant-containing polymer particles with a particle diameter of 0.1-5 mm, preferably 0.5-2.5 mm, are obtained.
De i eksemplene nevnte deler er vektdeler,og prosentangivel-sene er på yektbasis. The parts mentioned in the examples are parts by weight, and the percentages are on a weight basis.
Eksempel 1 Example 1
100 deler av et høytrykkspolyetylen i granulatform med tetthet på 0,918 g/cm<3>og en smelteindeks på 2 g/10 min. (190°C/2,16 kg) dispergeres i 600 deler vann inneholdende 2 deler polyvinylalkohol i en beholder forsynt med røreverk, og 100 deler styren tilsettes. Under lav omrøringshastighet innstilles temperaturen på 85°C, og po-lyetylenet oppløses. Etter 1 time blir røreverkets omdreiningstall øket betydelig, hvorved det dannes dråper med tverrmål på 0,8-2 mm. Det tilsettes 1 del di-tert.-butylperoksyd, løst i 10 deler styren, og 15 deler pentan, hvoretter beholderen lukkes og temperaturen innstilles på 140°C ved samme rørehastighet. Etter 6 timer avkjøles blandingen, og det fås et findelt; kuleformet oppskumbart produkt fra vannfasen, som frasiles. Partikkelstørrelsen ligger mellom 0,8 og 2 mm. Partiklene kan oppskummes méd vanndamp. 100 parts of a high-pressure polyethylene in granular form with a density of 0.918 g/cm<3> and a melt index of 2 g/10 min. (190°C/2.16 kg) is dispersed in 600 parts of water containing 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol in a container fitted with a stirrer, and 100 parts of styrene are added. Under low stirring speed, the temperature is set at 85°C, and the polyethylene dissolves. After 1 hour, the speed of the agitator is increased significantly, whereby droplets with a cross-section of 0.8-2 mm are formed. 1 part di-tert-butyl peroxide, dissolved in 10 parts styrene, and 15 parts pentane are added, after which the container is closed and the temperature is set to 140°C at the same stirring speed. After 6 hours, the mixture is cooled, and a finely divided; spherical foamable product from the water phase, which is filtered off. The particle size is between 0.8 and 2 mm. The particles can be foamed with steam.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
50 deler av et høytrykkspolyetylen med tetthet på 0,918 g/cm* og en smelteindeks på 20 g/10 min., 50 deler lavt rykks po ly- etylen med tetthet på 0,952 g/cm 3 og en smelteindeks på 6 g/10 min. blandes med 3 deler polyvinylpyrrolidon og 200 deler styren, i hvilket det ér oppløst 1 del di-tert.-butylperoksyd,og blandingen omrøres ved lav rørehastighet i en beholder inneholdende 1200 deler vann og oppvarmes til 95°C*hvoretter blandingen holdes ved denne temperatur i 1 time ved en rørehastighet på 180 omdreininger pr. minutt, hvorved det etter 1 time dannes dråper med tverrmål på 0,7-1,5 mm. Det tilsettes 14 deler pentan og 12 deler metylklorid som drivmiddel. Beholderen lukkes og holdes ved 140°C i 6 timer. Opp-arbeidelsen skjer som i eksempel 1; de kuleformede partikler har tverrmål på 0,7-1,5 mm. 50 parts of a high pressure polyethylene with a density of 0.918 g/cm* and a melt index of 20 g/10 min., 50 parts of a low tensile polyethylene with a density of 0.952 g/cm 3 and a melt index of 6 g/10 min. mixed with 3 parts polyvinylpyrrolidone and 200 parts styrene, in which 1 part di-tert-butyl peroxide is dissolved, and the mixture is stirred at low stirring speed in a container containing 1200 parts water and heated to 95°C* after which the mixture is kept at this temperature for 1 hour at a stirring speed of 180 revolutions per minute, whereby after 1 hour drops with a cross-section of 0.7-1.5 mm are formed. 14 parts pentane and 12 parts methyl chloride are added as propellant. The container is closed and kept at 140°C for 6 hours. The work-up takes place as in example 1; the spherical particles have a cross-sectional dimension of 0.7-1.5 mm.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
20 deler av et høytrykkspolyetylen med tetthet på 0,918 g/cm og en smelteindeks på 1,5 g/10 min. oppløses i 80 deler styren ved 80°C. Denne løsning sammen med indel polyvinylpyrrolidon dispergeres i 400 deler vann i en beholder ved en rørehastighet på 150 omdreininger pr. minutt. Herved erholdes partikler på 1,5-2,5 mm. Det tilsettes 0,3 del dikumylperoksyd oppløst i styren, beholderen' lukkes, og suspensjonen oppvarmes til 140°c. Etter 2 timer tilsetter man via en trykksluse 7 deler pentan i løpet av 1 time. Etter ytterligere 3 timer er polymeriseringen ferdig. Etter avkjø-ling fraskilles produktet fra vannet og tørres ved vanlig temperatur. De kuleformede partikler med tverrmål på 1,5-2,5 mm er løse-lige i toluen. Etter oppskumming med vanndamp oppløses skumkulené ikke lenger av toluen. 20 parts of a high-pressure polyethylene with a density of 0.918 g/cm and a melt index of 1.5 g/10 min. dissolves in 80 parts styrene at 80°C. This solution together with indel polyvinylpyrrolidone is dispersed in 400 parts of water in a container at a stirring speed of 150 revolutions per minute. minute. This results in particles of 1.5-2.5 mm. 0.3 part of dicumyl peroxide dissolved in styrene is added, the container is closed, and the suspension is heated to 140°c. After 2 hours, 7 parts of pentane are added via a pressure sluice over the course of 1 hour. After a further 3 hours, the polymerization is complete. After cooling, the product is separated from the water and dried at normal temperature. The spherical particles with a cross-sectional dimension of 1.5-2.5 mm are soluble in toluene. After foaming with steam, the foam beads are no longer dissolved by toluene.
Eksempler 4- 8 Examples 4-8
Man går frem som i eksempel 3, men forskjellige olefinpoly-" merer podes med styren eller blandinger av styren og andre podemono-merer Ifse tabellen) . Samtlige fremstilte kuleformede partikler kunne oppskummes med vanndamp. De oppskummede partikler var uømfintlige overfor eddiksyreetylester. The procedure is as in example 3, but various olefin polymers are grafted with styrene or mixtures of styrene and other monomers (see the table). All spherical particles produced could be foamed with steam. The foamed particles were insensitive to acetic acid ethyl ester.
Claims (17)
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE2413347A DE2413347A1 (en) | 1974-03-20 | 1974-03-20 | SHEATHABLE PLASTIC COMPOUND MADE FROM A STYRENE-GROP POLYMERISATE |
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JP (1) | JPS50127992A (en) |
BE (1) | BE826829A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2413347A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK111875A (en) |
ES (2) | ES435765A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2264839A1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1034408B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7503017A (en) |
NO (1) | NO750883L (en) |
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JPS5672040A (en) * | 1979-11-15 | 1981-06-16 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | Electrically conductive resin composition |
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1975
- 1975-03-13 NL NL7503017A patent/NL7503017A/en unknown
- 1975-03-14 NO NO750883A patent/NO750883L/no unknown
- 1975-03-14 SE SE7502913A patent/SE7502913L/xx unknown
- 1975-03-18 BE BE154460A patent/BE826829A/en unknown
- 1975-03-18 ES ES435765A patent/ES435765A1/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-18 ES ES435764A patent/ES435764A1/en not_active Expired
- 1975-03-19 DK DK111875A patent/DK111875A/da unknown
- 1975-03-20 FR FR7508710A patent/FR2264839A1/en active Granted
- 1975-03-20 JP JP50033079A patent/JPS50127992A/ja active Pending
- 1975-05-07 IT IT21423/75A patent/IT1034408B/en active
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ES435765A1 (en) | 1976-12-16 |
BE826829A (en) | 1975-09-18 |
FR2264839A1 (en) | 1975-10-17 |
DE2413347A1 (en) | 1975-10-16 |
ES435764A1 (en) | 1976-12-16 |
FR2264839B3 (en) | 1977-11-25 |
IT1034408B (en) | 1979-09-10 |
JPS50127992A (en) | 1975-10-08 |
SE7502913L (en) | 1975-09-22 |
DK111875A (en) | 1975-09-21 |
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