NO743733L - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- NO743733L NO743733L NO743733A NO743733A NO743733L NO 743733 L NO743733 L NO 743733L NO 743733 A NO743733 A NO 743733A NO 743733 A NO743733 A NO 743733A NO 743733 L NO743733 L NO 743733L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- elastomer
- foam
- thermal insulation
- insulation according
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006311 Urethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- IRZYJMAAPLHHOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1,6-dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)methanimine Chemical group C=NC1(C(C=CC=C1)Cl)Cl IRZYJMAAPLHHOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene propylene adipate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane Chemical group C1=CC(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 YBRVSVVVWCFQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 58
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- OHQOKJPHNPUMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OHQOKJPHNPUMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical class OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- YYQRGCZGSFRBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triclofos Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl YYQRGCZGSFRBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
- F16L59/029—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/304—Insulating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
- F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
- F17C2203/0329—Foam
- F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Description
Varmeisolasjon. Thermal insulation.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår varmeisolasjon. The present invention relates to thermal insulation.
På grunn av et økende forbruk av naturgass, er det nødvendig å utvikle transportmetoder for dette materiale i væskeform, noe som betyr ved lave temperaturer på f.eks. -160°C. Nevnte tran-sport kan utføres ved å føre naturgassen i store runde trykktanker i skip, og disse tanker kan ha en kapasitet på 135.000 kubikkmeter eller mer. Man kan imidlertid også bruke andre former for beholdere. Due to an increasing consumption of natural gas, it is necessary to develop transport methods for this material in liquid form, which means at low temperatures of e.g. -160°C. Said transport can be carried out by carrying the natural gas in large round pressure tanks in ships, and these tanks can have a capacity of 135,000 cubic meters or more. However, other forms of containers can also be used.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse kan en varmeisolasjon bestå av to tilstøtende lag av et stivt eller semistivt uretanskum, og hvor et lag er et sluttlag, samt et elastomerlag mellom et av lagene og det neste tilstøtende lag, og hvor elastomeren dannes ved å reagere en flytende uretanelastomer prepolymer med frie isocyanatgrupper med et polyamin eller en polyol. According to the present invention, a thermal insulation can consist of two adjacent layers of a rigid or semi-rigid urethane foam, and where one layer is a final layer, as well as an elastomer layer between one of the layers and the next adjacent layer, and where the elastomer is formed by reacting a liquid urethane elastomer prepolymer with free isocyanate groups with a polyamine or a polyol.
Nevnte elastomerlag ble fortrinnsvis fremstilt ved å reagere heksametylen di-isocyanat eller toluen di-isocyanat eller kommersielt rent di-fenylmetan di-isocyanat med enten en polyeterbasert polyol eller en polyester-basert polyol, hvorved man får dannet en pre-polymer inneholdende noen fri isocyanat grupper. Denne pre-polymer kan så omsettes med et polyamin, såsom metylen-orto-di-klor-anilin, eller metylen di-anilin eller med en "polyol såsom butan di-ol. Said elastomer layer was preferably produced by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate or toluene diisocyanate or commercially pure diphenylmethane diisocyanate with either a polyether-based polyol or a polyester-based polyol, whereby a pre-polymer containing some free isocyanate is formed groups. This pre-polymer can then be reacted with a polyamine, such as methylene-ortho-di-chloro-aniline, or methylene di-aniline or with a polyol such as butane di-ol.
Elastomerblandingen kan påføres overflaten av en tank som inneholder flytende gass slik at det dannes et ensartet lag over hele tanken, og denne vil virke som en elastisk membran mellom uretanskumlaget og tanken. Etter at man har pålagt det første av flere skumlag, kan man utføre et lignende elastomerlag som fullsten-dig dekker hele overflaten av det første skumlaget. The elastomer mixture can be applied to the surface of a tank containing liquid gas so that a uniform layer is formed over the entire tank, and this will act as an elastic membrane between the urethane foam layer and the tank. After the first of several foam layers has been applied, a similar elastomer layer can be applied which completely covers the entire surface of the first foam layer.
Ifølge foreliggende oppfinnelse -innbefatter en fremgangsmåte for dannelse av varmeisolasjon at man fremstiller et første lag av stiv eller semi-stiv uretanskum, deretter pålegger et elastomerlag på nevnte første lag, og deretter pålegger minst et lag til av nevnte skum, og hvor elastomeren fremstilles ved å reagere en flytende uretanelastomer prepolymer med frie isocyanatgrupper med et polyamin eller en polyol. According to the present invention - a method for forming thermal insulation includes producing a first layer of rigid or semi-rigid urethane foam, then applying an elastomer layer on said first layer, and then applying at least one more layer of said foam, and where the elastomer is produced by to react a liquid urethane elastomer prepolymer with free isocyanate groups with a polyamine or a polyol.
Ytterligere lag av skum og elastomer kan pålegges hvis dette er ønskelig. Additional layers of foam and elastomer can be applied if this is desired.
Det første skumlaget kan pålegges direkte på den del som skal isoleres, eller et lag av elastomeren som i seg selv er pålagt nevnte del. The first foam layer can be applied directly to the part to be insulated, or a layer of the elastomer which is itself applied to said part.
Elastomerlaget blir fortrinnsvis dannet slik det er beskrevet ovenfor. The elastomer layer is preferably formed as described above.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse innbefatter også en metall-del som har nevnte varmeisolasjon på sin ytre overflate, og hvor nevnte elastomerlag er plasert mellom de to skumlag som ligger nærmest metalldelen. The present invention also includes a metal part which has said thermal insulation on its outer surface, and where said elastomer layer is placed between the two foam layers which are closest to the metal part.
Oppfinnelsen kan gjennomføres på forskjellige måter og ved hjelp av visse spesifikke utførelser som nå vil bli beskrevet ved hjelp av eksempler. The invention can be implemented in various ways and by means of certain specific embodiments which will now be described by way of examples.
I en utførelse er en beholder for flytende naturgass kulerund og fremstilt av aluminium eller 9 % nikkelstål. Tanken blir varmeisolert ved hjelp av semi-stivt eller stivt uretanskum som pålegges den ytre overflate av tanken i flere lag ved hjelp av på-sprøyting, og hvor hvert enkelt lag skumdannes og herdnes før neste lag påføres. In one embodiment, a container for liquefied natural gas is spherical and made of aluminum or 9% nickel steel. The tank is thermally insulated using semi-rigid or rigid urethane foam, which is applied to the outer surface of the tank in several layers by means of spraying, and where each individual layer is foamed and hardened before the next layer is applied.
Skummet har i seg selv meget liten varmelednings-evne, og det er således et ideelt materiale for å hindre tap av gass ved fordampning, skjønt man tillater en viss mengde av såkalt "avkokning", for derved på en regulert måte å opprettholde lav tem-peratur på den flytende gassen. The foam itself has very little thermal conductivity, and is thus an ideal material to prevent loss of gas through evaporation, although a certain amount of so-called "boiling off" is allowed, thereby maintaining a low temperature in a regulated manner. perature of the liquefied gas.
For å tilveiebringe tilstrekkelig isolasjon blir skummet pålagt i lag som er f.eks. fra 2,5 til 5 cm tykke og opp til en total isolasjonstykkelse på 20 til 25 cm. In order to provide sufficient insulation, the foam is applied in layers which are e.g. from 2.5 to 5 cm thick and up to a total insulation thickness of 20 to 25 cm.
På grunn av den store temperaturforskjellen mellom den ytre og indre skumoverflaten, d.v.s. fra + 20°C til -160°C, vil skummet på den kalde siden bli meget sprøtt, og fordi stål eller aluminium trekker seg sammen etter at skummet er festet til selve metallet, oppstår det store skjærspenninger.inne i skumstrukturen og dette kan resultere i sprekker, som gjør at mer varme overføres til tanken fra den omgivende atmosfære, og man får en delvis sviktende varmeisolasjon. Due to the large temperature difference between the outer and inner foam surface, i.e. from + 20°C to -160°C, the foam on the cold side will become very brittle, and because steel or aluminum contracts after the foam is attached to the metal itself, large shear stresses occur inside the foam structure and this can result in cracks, which means that more heat is transferred to the tank from the surrounding atmosphere, and you get a partially failing thermal insulation.
Man har funnet at når det oppstår en sprekk på den kalde siden av skummet, så vil sprekken ha en tendens til generelt å gå i rette vinkler i forhold til ståldelen som skal isoleres, og man kan hindre den fra å trenge gjennom skummet ved å pålegge sprekk-stansenée filmer i skummet i en viss avstand fra den kalde overflaten, hvorved man deler skummet opp i lag. Man kan bruke flere filmer med en viss avstand, slik at man deler skummet i mange lag. Filmen står loddrett på den potensielle sprekkretningen, og vil vanligvis være parallelt med den kalde overflaten på tanken. Filmen påføres best ved å utføre en sprøytebelegning av det første skumlaget, men også andre måter kan man benytte. Det første laget av skum kan dannes ved at hodet med dysene føres en eller flere ganger frem og tilbake. It has been found that when a crack occurs on the cold side of the foam, the crack will generally tend to run at right angles to the steel part to be insulated, and it can be prevented from penetrating the foam by applying crack-punching films in the foam at a certain distance from the cold surface, whereby the foam is divided into layers. You can use several films with a certain distance, so that you divide the foam into many layers. The film is perpendicular to the potential crack direction, and will usually be parallel to the cold surface of the tank. The film is best applied by spraying the first foam layer, but other methods can also be used. The first layer of foam can be formed by moving the head with the nozzles back and forth one or more times.
Det foretrukne materiale for en sprekk-stoppende film er en elastomer basert på reaksjonsprodukter av organiske isocyanater med polyeter- eller polyesterbaserte polyoler, hvor det er noen uomsatte frie isocyanatgrupper. De foretrukne isocyanater er heksametylen-di-isocyanat og toluen-di-isocyanat og kommersielt rent difenylmetan-di-isocyanat. Dette flytende uretan elastomer pre-polymermateriale blir ytterligere omsatt med et aromatisk polyamin såsom metylen-orto-di-kloranilin, eller metylen-di-anilin eller al-ternativt med en polyol såsom butan di-ol. The preferred material for a crack-stopping film is an elastomer based on reaction products of organic isocyanates with polyether- or polyester-based polyols, where there are some unreacted free isocyanate groups. The preferred isocyanates are hexamethylene diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate and commercially pure diphenylmethane diisocyanate. This liquid urethane elastomer pre-polymer material is further reacted with an aromatic polyamine such as methylene-ortho-di-chloroaniline, or methylene-di-aniline or alternatively with a polyol such as butane diol.
Slike prepolymere hvor man bruker toluen di-isocyanat og difenylmetan-di-isocyanat er tilgjengelige fra Du Pont Co. Ltd. under varemerket Adiprene, f.eks. adiprene L-167, og til-svarende forbindelser er også tilgjengelige fra andre fabrikanter. Tykkelsen på hvert lag av elastomeren kan f.eks. være 0,012 5 cm, men også andre tykkelser kan brukes,alt avhengig av anvendelsesformålet. Such prepolymers using toluene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate are available from Du Pont Co. Ltd. under the brand name Adiprene, e.g. adiprene L-167, and similar compounds are also available from other manufacturers. The thickness of each layer of the elastomer can e.g. be 0.012 5 cm, but other thicknesses can also be used, all depending on the purpose of application.
Effekten av elastomerlaget eller sprekkstoppings-laget er blitt vist ved å vikle oppbyggede lag av skum og elastomer rundt periferien på en liten beholder inne i en treramme og deretter helle flytende nitrogen (-196°C) på en side av isolasjonen. Vanligvis vil det oppstå sprekker på et hjørne av skumoverflaten. Man fant at denne sprekken ble hindret fra å vandre forbi elastomerfilmen mellom første og. annet skumlag. The effectiveness of the elastomer layer or crack-stopping layer has been demonstrated by wrapping built-up layers of foam and elastomer around the periphery of a small container inside a wooden frame and then pouring liquid nitrogen (-196°C) onto one side of the insulation. Usually, cracks will appear on a corner of the foam surface. It was found that this crack was prevented from traveling past the elastomer film between first and. second foam layer.
Videre har man funnet at striper av elastomeren når denne senkes ned i flytende nitrogen i 24 timer,- kan bøyes (prøvestykket var ca. 3 mm tykt), uten at det oppstå oppsprekking. Forlengelsen av stykket ved brudd under strekkspenning ved -160°C var av størrelsesorden på 15 til 20 %. It has also been found that when submerged in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours, strips of the elastomer can be bent (the test piece was approx. 3 mm thick), without cracking occurring. The elongation of the piece at break under tensile stress at -160°C was of the order of 15 to 20%.
I en annen utførelse kan elastomerlaget først på-føres tankoverflaten som den lett bindes til, hvoretter man pålegger et skumlag, så et elastomerlag og så minst ett annet skumlag. Hvis det er ønskelig kan et elastomerlag også pålegges mellom annet og tredje skumlag o.s.v. In another embodiment, the elastomer layer can first be applied to the tank surface to which it is easily bonded, after which a foam layer is applied, then an elastomer layer and then at least one other foam layer. If desired, an elastomer layer can also be applied between the second and third foam layers, etc.
Som vist på fig. 1 er 10 en del av tankveggen, li er et lag av semi-stivt eller stivt uretanskum, 12 et lag av elastomer slik dette er beskrevet ovenfor, 13 et ytterligere skumlag, 14 et ytterligere elastomerlag, mens 15 og 16 er ytterligere skumlag. Selvsagt kan lagene 15 og 16 betraktes som et enkelt lag. Hvert av lagene 11, 13, 15 og 16 kan dannes ved en enkelt passering av et dysehode, men hvert av disse skumlagene er fortrinnsvis dannet ved flere passeringer av dysehodet. As shown in fig. 1 is 10 a part of the tank wall, li is a layer of semi-rigid or rigid urethane foam, 12 a layer of elastomer as described above, 13 a further foam layer, 14 a further elastomer layer, while 15 and 16 are further foam layers. Of course, layers 15 and 16 can be considered as a single layer. Each of the layers 11, 13, 15 and 16 can be formed by a single pass of a nozzle head, but each of these foam layers is preferably formed by several passes of the nozzle head.
I det arrangement som er vist på fig. 2, er laget 11 utelatt. In the arrangement shown in fig. 2, team 11 is omitted.
Det er ikke vesentlig at varmeisolasjonen skal påføres in situ på den del som skal isoleres. Lengder av isolasjon kan dannes, ved først å belegge et bærende underlag med- et skumfri-gjørende middel, hvoretter man pålegger et skumlag ved at dysehodet føres en gang over laget, hvoretter et lag av elastomer pålegges ved å bruke et dysehode, hvoretter man fører skumdysehodet flere ganger frem og tilbake. Når skummet har herdnet, kan isolasjonen skjæres opp i forønskede lengder og påføres den artikkel man ønsker å isolere. It is not essential that the thermal insulation must be applied in situ on the part to be insulated. Lengths of insulation can be formed by first coating a supporting substrate with a defoamer, after which a layer of foam is applied by passing the nozzle head once over the layer, after which a layer of elastomer is applied using a nozzle head, after which the foam nozzle head several times back and forth. When the foam has hardened, the insulation can be cut into desired lengths and applied to the article you wish to insulate.
De følgende eksempeler illustrerer oppfinnelsen. Eksempel I. The following examples illustrate the invention. Example I.
En elastomer ble fremstilt ved å blande 100 vektdeler av en flytende uretanelastomer prepolymer med 6,3 % frie isocyanatgrupper og som var fremstilt ved å reagere polytetrametylen-eterglykol med toluen-di-isocyanat, med 19,5 vektdeler metylen-orto-di-kloranilin, idet man brukte 0,6 vektdeler adipinsyre som kataly-sator. Den resulterende elastomer bør brukes i løpet av 15 minutter etter blandingen. An elastomer was prepared by mixing 100 parts by weight of a liquid urethane elastomer prepolymer with 6.3% free isocyanate groups and which was prepared by reacting polytetramethylene ether glycol with toluene diisocyanate, with 19.5 parts by weight of methylene-ortho-dichloroaniline , using 0.6 parts by weight of adipic acid as catalyst. The resulting elastomer should be used within 15 minutes of mixing.
Et lag av elastomer 0,0125 cm tykt ble påført den ytre overflaten av en kulerund tank, hvortil den lett lot seg feste. Et 3,75 cm tykt lag av uretanskum ble så pålagt elastomerlaget. Et ytterligere elastomerlag 0,0125 cm tykt ble pålagt skumlaget, og ytterligere skumlag ble så pålagt til man fikk en total isolasjonstykkelse på 25 cm. A layer of elastomer 0.0125 cm thick was applied to the outer surface of a spherical tank, to which it readily adhered. A 3.75 cm thick layer of urethane foam was then applied to the elastomer layer. An additional elastomer layer 0.0125 cm thick was applied to the foam layer, and additional foam layers were then applied until a total insulation thickness of 25 cm was obtained.
Eksempel II. Example II.
100 vektdeler av prepolymere fra eksempel I ble blandet ved romtemperatur med 14,5 vektdeler metylen-di-anilin hvorved man fikk en elastomer. Ettfersom denne reaksjon er meget rask, kan de to komponenter pumpes separat til forstøvningshodet eller dysehodet, på kjent måte. 100 parts by weight of prepolymers from example I were mixed at room temperature with 14.5 parts by weight of methylene-di-aniline, whereby an elastomer was obtained. As this reaction is very fast, the two components can be pumped separately to the atomizing head or nozzle head, in a known manner.
Eksempel III. Example III.
100 vektdeler av prepolymeren fra eksempel I ble omsatt med 6,3 vektdeler 1,4-butandiol for fremstilling av elastomeren. 100 parts by weight of the prepolymer from example I was reacted with 6.3 parts by weight of 1,4-butanediol to produce the elastomer.
Eksempel IV. Example IV.
Prepolymeren ble fremstilt ved å blande polytetra-metyleneterglykol med difenylmetan-di-isocyanat, og man fikk 6,3 % frie isocyanatgrupper. The prepolymer was prepared by mixing polytetramethylene ether glycol with diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 6.3% free isocyanate groups were obtained.
Elastomeren kan så fremstilles som angitt i The elastomer can then be prepared as indicated in
eksempel I til III. examples I to III.
Eksempel V. Example V.
Prepolymeren ble fremstilt ved å blande poly-etylen-propylenadipatglykol med toluen-di-isocyanat hvorved man fikk 6,3 % frie isocyanatgrupper. Elastomeren kan fremstilles som angitt i eksemplene I til III. The prepolymer was prepared by mixing polyethylene-propylene adipate glycol with toluene-diisocyanate, whereby 6.3% free isocyanate groups were obtained. The elastomer can be prepared as indicated in Examples I to III.
Eksempel VI. Example VI.
Prepolymeren ble fremstilt ved å blande poly-etylen-propylenadipatglykol med difenylmetan-di-isocyanat, og man fikk 6,3 % frie isocyanatgrupper. Elastomeren kan så dannes som angitt i eksemplene I til III. The prepolymer was prepared by mixing polyethylene propylene adipate glycol with diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 6.3% free isocyanate groups were obtained. The elastomer can then be formed as indicated in Examples I to III.
Eksempel VII. Example VII.
Prepolymeren ble fremstilt ved å blande polypropy-leneterglykol med toluen-di-isocyanat og man fikk 6,3 % frie isocyanatgrupper. Elastomeren kan dannes som i eksemplene I til III. The prepolymer was prepared by mixing polypropylene ether glycol with toluene diisocyanate and 6.3% free isocyanate groups were obtained. The elastomer can be formed as in Examples I to III.
Det er innlysende at prepolymeren ikke er begren-set til 6,3 % frie isocyanatgrupper, og andre mengder er også mulig, og de relative mengder av komponentene i elastomeren kan eventuelt justeres slik at elastomeren ikke inneholder noen frie isocyanatgrupper . It is obvious that the prepolymer is not limited to 6.3% free isocyanate groups, and other amounts are also possible, and the relative amounts of the components in the elastomer can possibly be adjusted so that the elastomer does not contain any free isocyanate groups.
Det uretanskum som brukes kan være såkalt stivt eller semi-stivt, men et spesielt skum trenger ikke nødvendigvis å være egnet for alle betingelser med hensyn til isolasjonen. Således er et meget stivt skum ikke ønskelig ved temperaturer på -160°C og det er således foretrukket å bruke et skum hvis konsistens ligger noe mellom meget stivt og semi-stivt. Begrepene stivt skum og semi-stivt skum er brukt slik de brukes i plastindustrien, og det er innlysende at det kan være ønskelig med større eller mindre grad av flek-sibilitet, alt avhengig av isolasjonen slik denne skal brukes i hvert enkelt tilfelle. Egnet uretanskum fremstilles ved å blande to komponenter. Den første komponenten fremstilles ved å blande følgende : 80 vektdeler av en polyol (ekvivalent vekt 108) oppnådd ved å pro-poksylere en blanding av glycerol og sukrose med 20 vektdeler av en polyol (ekvivalent vekt 350) oppnådd ved pro-poksylering av glyserol og The urethane foam used can be so-called rigid or semi-rigid, but a particular foam need not necessarily be suitable for all conditions with respect to the insulation. Thus, a very rigid foam is not desirable at temperatures of -160°C and it is thus preferred to use a foam whose consistency is somewhere between very rigid and semi-rigid. The terms rigid foam and semi-rigid foam are used as they are used in the plastics industry, and it is obvious that a greater or lesser degree of flexibility may be desirable, all depending on the insulation as it is to be used in each individual case. Suitable urethane foam is produced by mixing two components. The first component is prepared by mixing the following: 80 parts by weight of a polyol (equivalent weight 108) obtained by propoxylating a mixture of glycerol and sucrose with 20 parts by weight of a polyol (equivalent weight 350) obtained by propoxylating glycerol and
2 vektdeler av et organo-silikon-overflateaktivt middel og 2 parts by weight of an organo-silicone surfactant and
1 vektdel av et maursyresalt av trietylendiamin og 1 part by weight of a formic acid salt of triethylenediamine and
20 vektdeler tribetakloretylfosfat og 20 parts by weight of tribetachloroethyl phosphate and
15 vektdeler triklorfluormetan 15 parts by weight trichlorofluoromethane
Den annen komponent er The other component is
108 vektdeler industrielt difenylmetan-di-isocyanat. 108 parts by weight industrial diphenylmethane diisocyanate.
Claims (15)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB48379/73A GB1479728A (en) | 1973-10-17 | 1973-10-17 | Thermal insulation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO743733L true NO743733L (en) | 1975-05-12 |
Family
ID=10448413
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO743733A NO743733L (en) | 1973-10-17 | 1974-10-16 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE821123A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2449539A1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES431070A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2248251A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1479728A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1029621B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7413598A (en) |
NO (1) | NO743733L (en) |
PL (1) | PL103973B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3042821A1 (en) * | 1980-11-13 | 1982-06-09 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | METHOD FOR SEALING CONSTRUCTIONS |
FR2557671B1 (en) * | 1983-12-28 | 1986-08-01 | Hutchinson Sa | IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF THERMAL INSULATION OF PIPES SUBJECT TO THERMAL, HYDROSTATIC AND MECHANICAL CONSTRAINTS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION, AND METHODS OF MAKING SUCH MEANS OF INSULATION |
DE3916810A1 (en) * | 1989-05-23 | 1990-11-29 | Willich F Gmbh & Co | HEAT INSULATION |
US8201290B1 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2012-06-19 | Flair Interiors, Inc. | Convertible sofa with contained air mattress |
KR101731124B1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2017-04-27 | 보스틱 소시에떼 아노님 | Use of a polyurethane adhesive composition for cryogenic applications |
FR2938267B1 (en) * | 2008-11-07 | 2012-11-02 | Bostik Sa | USE OF A POLYURETHANE ADHESIVE COMPOSITION FOR CRYOGENIC APPLICATIONS |
CN102582981A (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-07-18 | 江苏太阳宝新能源有限公司 | Heat insulation structure of solar thermal power generation high-temperature molten salt storage tank and preparation method for heat insulation structure |
CN104443284B (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2017-05-10 | 上海交通大学 | Liquefied natural gas carrier B type independent liquid cargo tank thermal insulation system and construction method thereof |
-
1973
- 1973-10-17 GB GB48379/73A patent/GB1479728A/en not_active Expired
-
1974
- 1974-10-16 ES ES431070A patent/ES431070A1/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-16 BE BE149576A patent/BE821123A/en unknown
- 1974-10-16 NO NO743733A patent/NO743733L/no unknown
- 1974-10-16 NL NL7413598A patent/NL7413598A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1974-10-16 FR FR7438936A patent/FR2248251A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1974-10-16 IT IT7453577A patent/IT1029621B/en active
- 1974-10-17 DE DE19742449539 patent/DE2449539A1/en active Pending
- 1974-10-17 PL PL1974174901A patent/PL103973B1/en unknown
-
1975
- 1975-12-24 ES ES443841A patent/ES443841A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2449539A1 (en) | 1975-04-30 |
GB1479728A (en) | 1977-07-13 |
IT1029621B (en) | 1979-03-20 |
PL103973B1 (en) | 1979-07-31 |
NL7413598A (en) | 1975-04-21 |
BE821123A (en) | 1975-04-16 |
ES431070A1 (en) | 1976-10-16 |
ES443841A1 (en) | 1977-05-01 |
FR2248251A1 (en) | 1975-05-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3903346A (en) | Polyisocyanurate structural laminate and process for producing same | |
US5478867A (en) | Microporous isocyanate-based polymer compositions and method of preparation | |
US3931908A (en) | Insulated tank | |
NO743733L (en) | ||
ES2966184T3 (en) | Procedure and system for preparing a fibrous polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam block for thermal insulation of a tank | |
CN103649148B (en) | The water foaming PUR-/PIR-rigid foam that can spray | |
US3984359A (en) | Polyurethane foam useful for insulated containers | |
BRPI0620299A2 (en) | load-bearing composite panels | |
CN104781315A (en) | Rigid polyurethane foams with reduced shrinkage | |
NO342347B1 (en) | Use of a composite material as a barrier under cryogenic conditions. | |
CN105601883B (en) | Hard polyurethane foam thermal insulating warm-keeping layer for Cryo Heat Insulation pipeline and preparation method thereof | |
US20210222424A1 (en) | Method of pouring polyisocyanurate foam directly onto a facer to improve cell orientation and density stratification | |
CA3040300A1 (en) | Cryogenic liquid containment and transfer | |
US5034425A (en) | Rigid polyurethane foam, process for producing the same, and heat insulators and refrigerators using such polyurethane foam | |
US20210163663A1 (en) | Process for producing polyurethane/polyisocyanurate (pur/pir) rigid foams | |
CN101284901A (en) | Polyisocyanate combination and method for preparing rigid isocyanurate foam using the same | |
US4640969A (en) | Oxazoline/polyol/polyisocyanate polymers and process | |
US5173517A (en) | Rigid polyurethane foam and heat insulator obtained therefrom | |
CN103459503B (en) | There is the polyurethane of the heat-proof quality of improvement | |
CN113614137B (en) | Polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam blocks of the insulating body of a tank and method for the production thereof | |
US3802948A (en) | Thermal insulation for cryogenic containers | |
CN106519164A (en) | Polyurethane composite element and preparation method thereof | |
CA3045033A1 (en) | Spray foam building insulation for exterior applications | |
RU2810164C2 (en) | Method and system for manufacturing a block from polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foam for thermal insulation plate for tank | |
GB1223415A (en) | Foamed polymers |