NO340690B1 - Communication system and method for vehicles and route control centers - Google Patents
Communication system and method for vehicles and route control centers Download PDFInfo
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- NO340690B1 NO340690B1 NO20082619A NO20082619A NO340690B1 NO 340690 B1 NO340690 B1 NO 340690B1 NO 20082619 A NO20082619 A NO 20082619A NO 20082619 A NO20082619 A NO 20082619A NO 340690 B1 NO340690 B1 NO 340690B1
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- vehicles
- vehicle
- route control
- receiving devices
- operating
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L23/00—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains
- B61L23/08—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for controlling traffic in one direction only
- B61L23/14—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for controlling traffic in one direction only automatically operated
- B61L23/18—Control, warning or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or trains for controlling traffic in one direction only automatically operated specially adapted for changing lengths of track sections in dependence upon speed and traffic density
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L15/00—Indicators provided on the vehicle or train for signalling purposes
- B61L15/0018—Communication with or on the vehicle or train
- B61L15/0027—Radio-based, e.g. using GSM-R
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/70—Details of trackside communication
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Description
Oppfinnelsen vedrører et kommunikasjonssystem for kjøretøy og rutestyringssentraler som har sende- og mottainnretninger for radiobasert kommunikasjon og en fremgangsmåte vedrørende dertil. The invention relates to a communication system for vehicles and route control centers which have sending and receiving devices for radio-based communication and a method relating thereto.
DE 198 28 878 Al beskriver et kommunikasjonssystem i hvilket et flertall av skinnekjøretøy som reiser det ene etter det andre i konvoi, kommuniserer med DE 198 28 878 Al describes a communication system in which a plurality of rail vehicles traveling one after the other in convoy communicate with
hverandre for å holde deres avstand, med bare ett skinnekjøretøy opprettholdende en radiolink til en rutestyringssentral. Dette resulterer i en datareduksjon sammenliknet med radiotrafikk med alle kjøretøyene i konvoien. Den kvasistatiske konstruksjonen av dette kommunikasjonssystem er ufordelaktig her. Den fleksible driften av de each other to keep their distance, with only one rail vehicle maintaining a radio link to a route control center. This results in a data reduction compared to radio traffic with all the vehicles in the convoy. The quasi-static construction of this communication system is disadvantageous here. The flexible operation of the
enkelte kjøretøy kan derfor bli uheldig påvirket. certain vehicles may therefore be adversely affected.
EP 0 958 987 A2 viser en metode og en kontrollsentral for å operere skinnegående tog. Togene har ulike identifikatorer og er forsynt med innretninger for å bestemme deres posisjoner. I metoden mates togposisjonsinformasjon til sentralen, sentralen bestemmer hvilke tog som er umiddelbart bak hverandre, sentralen sender identifikatoren til minst ett av de to følgende tog til det andre, toget setter opp en direkte trådløs kommunikasjonslink til det andre, det ledende tog sender sin posisjon til det andre toget, og det følgende tog regulerer sin fart til å overholde den relevante bremsestrekning til det ledende tog. EP 0 958 987 A2 shows a method and a control center for operating rail trains. The trains have different identifiers and are equipped with devices to determine their positions. In the method, train position information is fed to the control center, the control center determines which trains are immediately behind each other, the control center sends the identifier of at least one of the two following trains to the other, the train sets up a direct wireless communication link to the other, the leading train sends its position to the second train and the following train regulate their speed to comply with the relevant braking distance of the leading train.
Oppfinnelsen er basert på hensikten av å spesifisere et kommunikasjonssystem og en fremgangsmåte for radiobasert kommunikasjon av den generiske typen som tillater pålitelig kommunikasjon i alle driftstilstander av kjøretøyene. The invention is based on the purpose of specifying a communication system and a method for radio-based communication of the generic type that allows reliable communication in all operating states of the vehicles.
Oppfinnelsen er angitt i kravene. The invention is stated in the claims.
Ifølge oppfinnelsen blir hensikten oppnådd i at kjøretøyene har sende- og mottainnretninger både ved front og bakende, hvilke sende- og mottainnretninger blir oppstilt i en første driftstilstand for kommunikasjon mellom kjøretøyer, og er i en andre driftstilstand blir oppstilt for kommunikasjon mellom kjøretøyer og rutestyringssentraler, en vekslingsinnretning er tilveiebrakt, for automatisk å skifte over mellom driftstilstandene ved henvisning til spesifikke driftsparametere. På denne måten blir alltid driftstil standen som løpende er driftsdyktig og optimal automatisk aktiv. Det er enten en forbindelse mellom en sende- og mottainnretning på kjøretøyet og en sende- og mottainnretning av rutestyringssentral en eller mellom sende- og mottainnretninger av forskjellige kjøretøy. Siden sende- og mottainnretninger i hvert tilfelle er tilveiebrakt ved de to ender av kjøretøyet, kan for eksempel den frontmonterte sende- og mottainnretningen kommunisere med rutestyringssentralen og videresende den mottatte informasjonen for å beskytte toget, via en togintern forbindelse til den bakmonterte sende- og mottainnretning som selv setter opp en radiolink med den frontmonterte sende- og mottainnretning av det etterfølgende tog slik at informasjonen blir som den ble videresendt suksessivt til etterfølgende tog. Hvis radiolinken mellom kjøretøyet og rutestyringssentral er veldig svak, eller ikke er tilstede, for eksempel på grunn av deaktiveringer under reise gjennom tunneler, blir kommunikasjon mellom kjøretøyet og rutestyringssentralen skiftet over automatisk til kommunikasjon mellom to kjøretøyer. Overgangstiden mellom disse to driftstil stander er forutbestemt her som en funksjon av spesifikke driftsparametere. According to the invention, the purpose is achieved in that the vehicles have sending and receiving devices both at the front and rear, which sending and receiving devices are set up in a first operating state for communication between vehicles, and are in a second operating state set up for communication between vehicles and route control centers, a switching device is provided to automatically switch between the operating states by reference to specific operating parameters. In this way, the operating mode that is continuously operable and optimal is always automatically active. There is either a connection between a sending and receiving device on the vehicle and a sending and receiving device of a route control center or between sending and receiving devices of different vehicles. Since in each case transmitting and receiving devices are provided at the two ends of the vehicle, for example, the front-mounted transmitting and receiving device can communicate with the route control center and forward the received information to protect the train, via an internal train connection to the rear-mounted transmitting and receiving device which itself sets up a radio link with the front-mounted sending and receiving device of the following train so that the information is as it was forwarded successively to following trains. If the radio link between the vehicle and the route control center is very weak, or is not present, for example due to deactivations when traveling through tunnels, communication between the vehicle and the route control center is switched over automatically to communication between two vehicles. The transition time between these two operating states is predetermined here as a function of specific operating parameters.
I denne sammenheng, kan i overensstemmelse med krav 2 en avstand mellom kjøretøyene virke som en driftsparameter, men i overensstemmelse med krav 1 kan en avstand mellom et kjøretøy og en rutestyringssentral også virke som en driftsparameter. In this context, in accordance with claim 2, a distance between the vehicles can act as an operating parameter, but in accordance with claim 1, a distance between a vehicle and a route control center can also act as an operating parameter.
En feltstyrke ved en driftstilstandsspesifikk frekvens eller et driftstilstandsspesifikt frekvensbånd blir helst brukt som en driftsparameter for å skifte over. Hvis avstanden mellom to kjøretøy blir redusert, blir sende- og mottainnretningene ved bakenden av kjøretøyet som reiser foran, og på fronten av det etterfølgende kjøretøyet skiftet over til passende sendeeffekt og en frekvens som er sørget for kommunikasjonen mellom på hverandre følgende kjøretøy. A field strength at an operating condition-specific frequency or an operating condition-specific frequency band is preferably used as an operating parameter to shift over. If the distance between two vehicles is reduced, the transmitting and receiving devices at the rear of the vehicle traveling in front, and at the front of the following vehicle are switched to the appropriate transmitting power and a frequency provided for the communication between the following vehicles.
Sende- og mottainnretningene i overensstemmelse med krav 4 blir helst tilgjengeliggjort i en oppstilling med redundans. Kommunikasjonssystemet blir derfor høyt tilgjengelig og hensiktsmessig for anvendelser for trafikksikkerhetsutstyr for togstyring spesielt i smale tunneler. The sending and receiving devices in accordance with claim 4 are preferably made available in an arrangement with redundancy. The communication system therefore becomes highly available and appropriate for applications for traffic safety equipment for train control, especially in narrow tunnels.
Krav 5 vedrører en fremgangsmåte for radiobasert kommunikasjon mellom sende-og mottainnretninger på kjøretøyer og i rutestyringssentraler, hvilken fremgangsmåte tillater mer pålitelig kommunikasjon i egenskap av det faktum at sende- og mottainnretninger på fronten av kjøretøyene kommuniserer med hverandre i en første driftstilstand, og med sende- og mottainnretninger av rutestyringssentralene i en andre driftstilstand, å skifte over blir utført automatisk mellom driftstil standene ved referanse til spesifikke driftsparametere. Driftsparametere for å skifte over kan her være avstander i overensstemmelse med krav 2 og krav 1 så vel som feltstyrker i overensstemmelse med krav 3. Redundans blir helst sørget for i overensstemmelse med krav 4. Claim 5 relates to a method for radio-based communication between transmitting and receiving devices on vehicles and in route control centers, which method allows more reliable communication due to the fact that transmitting and receiving devices on the front of the vehicles communicate with each other in a first operating state, and with sending - and receiving devices of the route control centers in a second operating state, switching over is performed automatically between the operating states by reference to specific operating parameters. Operating parameters for switching over can here be distances in accordance with requirement 2 and requirement 1 as well as field strengths in accordance with requirement 3. Redundancy is preferably provided for in accordance with requirement 4.
Oppfinnelsen vil bli beskrevet mer i detalj under ved henvisning til illustrerende figurer, i hvilke: figur 1 viser et kommunikasjonssystem i en første konfigurasjon, og figur 2 viser kommunikasjonssystemet i overensstemmelse med figur 1 i en andre konfigurasjon. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to illustrative figures, in which: figure 1 shows a communication system in a first configuration, and figure 2 shows the communication system in accordance with figure 1 in a second configuration.
Figur 1 viser to kjøretøy 1 og 2 som reiser eller er lokalisert ved en avstand fra hverandre uavhengig av hverandre. Hvert kjøretøy 1 og 2 er utstyrt med en togenhet (TU) 3 i fronten av kjøretøyet og i bakenden av kjøretøyet. De to TU-ene 3 av et kjøretøy 1 eller 2 kan kommunisere med hverandre på bredbåndvis over en hensiktsmessig togintern link 4. TU-ene 3 er på en måte med redundans tilkoplet i hvert kjøretøy 1 eller 2 til applikasjoner 5, for eksempel togstyring eller videoovervåking ombord. For å sette opp kommunikasjonsveier 6 med redundans mellom kjøretøyet 1 eller 2 og en rutestyringssentral 7, blir hver TU 3 koplet til to sende- og mottainnretninger 8 med redundans. Rutestyringssentralene 7 blir inndelt 1 aksesspunkter (AP-er) 9 som danner ruteendetilgangen av Figure 1 shows two vehicles 1 and 2 which travel or are located at a distance from each other independently of each other. Each vehicle 1 and 2 is equipped with a train unit (TU) 3 at the front of the vehicle and at the rear of the vehicle. The two TUs 3 of a vehicle 1 or 2 can communicate with each other in a broadband manner over a suitable internal train link 4. The TUs 3 are redundantly connected in each vehicle 1 or 2 to applications 5, for example train control or video surveillance on board. In order to set up communication paths 6 with redundancy between the vehicle 1 or 2 and a route control center 7, each TU 3 is connected to two sending and receiving devices 8 with redundancy. The route control centers 7 are divided into 1 access points (APs) 9 which form the route end access of
kommunikasjonssystemet til det faste nettverket via rutere. For dette formålet er hvert AP 9 utstyrt med minst én sende- og mottainnretning 10. Siden kjøretøyene 1 og 2 er lokalisert ved noe avstand fra hverandre kan de opprettholde deres uavhengige kommunikasjonstilkoplinger til forskjellige AP-er 9 forutsatt at de er innen rekkevidde og ikke er i skygge fra det respektive andre kjøretøyet 2 eller 1. the communication system of the fixed network via routers. For this purpose, each AP 9 is equipped with at least one transmitting and receiving device 10. Since the vehicles 1 and 2 are located at some distance from each other, they can maintain their independent communication connections with different APs 9 provided that they are within range and are not in shadow from the respective other vehicle 2 or 1.
Når kjøretøyene 1 og 2 nærmer seg hverandre som illustrert i figur 2, kan kjøretøy 2 ikke lenger nå AP-ene 9 lokalisert i området av kjøretøyet 1 eller foran det uten ødeleggelse, hvilket leder til at kommunikasjonen blir avbrutt eller i hvert fall at bitfeilraten og/eller begrensninger på båndbredden øker. Likeledes kan ikke kjøretøy 1 lengre nå AP-ene 9 bak fronten av kjøretøy 2. Det faktum at de to kjøretøyene 1 og 2 nærmer seg hverandre kan bli kommunisert til kjøretøyene 1 og 2 ved for eksempel et overordnet togstyringssystem. Hvis avstanden mellom kjøretøyene faller under en forutbestemt verdi, slår TU-ene 3 som er lokalisert mot hverandre av kommunikasjonen til ruteende-AP-ene 9.1 stedet etablerer de en kommunikasjonslink 11 til hverandre, hvilken link har en hensiktsmessig frekvens og strålingseffekt. Videre blir de kjøretøy interne linkene 4 mellom den fremre og den bakre innretning benyttet. Kjøretøyet 1 kommuniserer så i en uendret måte med to rutemonterte AP-er 9 ved hjelp av dets frontmonterte TU 3 via den kjøretøyintere linken 4, via kommunikasj onslinken 11 mellom den bakmonterte TU 3 og den frontmonterte TU 3 av kjøretøy 2 og den kjøretøyinterne linken 4 av kjøretøy 2 som benytter den bakmonterte TU 3 av det etterfølgende kjøretøy 2. Følgelig bruker det etterfølgende kjøretøy 2 også den frontmonterte TU 3 av kjøretøy 1 for å oppnå tilgang til AP-er 9 lokalisert i front av kjøretøyet 1. Begge kjøretøy 1 og 2 kan på denne måte kommunisere i begge retninger selv om i hvert tilfelle én side er i skyggen fra det andre kjøretøyet 2 eller 1. When the vehicles 1 and 2 approach each other as illustrated in Figure 2, the vehicle 2 can no longer reach the APs 9 located in the area of the vehicle 1 or in front of it without destruction, which leads to the communication being interrupted or at least to the bit error rate and /or bandwidth limitations increase. Likewise, vehicle 1 can no longer reach the APs 9 behind the front of vehicle 2. The fact that the two vehicles 1 and 2 are approaching each other can be communicated to vehicles 1 and 2 by, for example, a superior train control system. If the distance between the vehicles falls below a predetermined value, the TUs 3 located opposite each other turn off the communication to the end-of-route APs 9.1 instead they establish a communication link 11 to each other, which link has an appropriate frequency and radiation power. Furthermore, the vehicle internal links 4 between the front and the rear device are used. The vehicle 1 then communicates in an unchanged manner with two route-mounted APs 9 by means of its front-mounted TU 3 via the intra-vehicle link 4, via the communication link 11 between the rear-mounted TU 3 and the front-mounted TU 3 of vehicle 2 and the intra-vehicle link 4 of vehicle 2 using the rear-mounted TU 3 of the following vehicle 2. Accordingly, the following vehicle 2 also uses the front-mounted TU 3 of vehicle 1 to gain access to APs 9 located in front of vehicle 1. Both vehicles 1 and 2 can in this way communicate in both directions even if in each case one side is in the shadow of the other vehicle 2 or 1.
Antallet av involverte kjøretøy er ikke begrenset. I en forholdsvis lang kjede av kjøretøy er det for eksempel mulig for det bakerste kjøretøyet å kommunisere som det var gjennom kjøretøyene lokalisert foran seg med AP-er lokalisert i front av det første kjøretøyet. Kjøretøyene i midten, som faktisk er i skyggen blir derfor transparent for anvendelsene, det vil si at anvendelsen ikke er oppmerksomme på sammensetningen av kjeden av kjøretøyer. The number of vehicles involved is not limited. In a relatively long chain of vehicles, it is for example possible for the rearmost vehicle to communicate as it were through the vehicles located in front of it with APs located in front of the first vehicle. The vehicles in the middle, which are actually in the shadow, therefore become transparent to the applications, that is, the application is not aware of the composition of the chain of vehicles.
I et typisk forløp av en stor sammensetning er det derfor mulig, for eksempel for ethvert antall av kjøretøyer å bli plassert den ene etter den andre foran en stasjon for så å ta på passasjerer i hurtig rekkefølge. In a typical course of a large composition it is therefore possible, for example, for any number of vehicles to be placed one after the other in front of a station and then pick up passengers in rapid succession.
I et annet forløp blokkerer et kjøretøy, som blir sittende fast på grunn av ødeleggelse av sitt drivverk, en tunnel og må bli berget. Et etterfølgende kjøretøy nærmer seg det stasjonære kjøretøyet for å dytte det forover inn til den neste stasjonen. Begge kjøretøyer kan kommunisere i en transparent måte i begge retninger ved å bruke det beskrevne kommunikasjonssystemet selv om de er i radioskyggen med hensyn til hverandre. In another sequence, a vehicle, stuck due to the destruction of its drivetrain, blocks a tunnel and must be rescued. A trailing vehicle approaches the stationary vehicle to push it forward into the next station. Both vehicles can communicate in a transparent manner in both directions using the described communication system even if they are in the radio shadow with respect to each other.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005057273A DE102005057273B4 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2005-11-25 | Communication system for vehicles and line centers |
PCT/EP2006/068021 WO2007060084A1 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2006-11-02 | Communication system and method for vehicles and line centres |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO20082619L NO20082619L (en) | 2008-06-12 |
NO340690B1 true NO340690B1 (en) | 2017-05-29 |
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NO20082619A NO340690B1 (en) | 2005-11-25 | 2008-06-12 | Communication system and method for vehicles and route control centers |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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KR (1) | KR101307925B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101304910A (en) |
AR (1) | AR057931A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0618959B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102005057273B4 (en) |
NO (1) | NO340690B1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI370069B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007060084A1 (en) |
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DE19509696A1 (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-12 | Siemens Ag | Train safety spacing system |
EP0958987A2 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-24 | Alcatel | Method for operating railway vehicles as well as train control centre and vehicle mounted apparatus therefor |
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DE19828878A1 (en) * | 1998-06-23 | 1999-12-30 | Siemens Ag | Data traffic reduction method for railway operation |
ATE284337T1 (en) * | 2001-02-17 | 2004-12-15 | Cit Alcatel | SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO ADJACENT VEHICLE UNITS IN A VEHICLE COMPOSITE, AND A METHOD THEREOF |
-
2005
- 2005-11-25 DE DE102005057273A patent/DE102005057273B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-11-02 WO PCT/EP2006/068021 patent/WO2007060084A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-11-02 KR KR1020087015427A patent/KR101307925B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-11-02 BR BRPI0618959-8A patent/BRPI0618959B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-02 CN CNA2006800414443A patent/CN101304910A/en active Pending
- 2006-11-14 TW TW095142000A patent/TWI370069B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-24 AR ARP060105183A patent/AR057931A1/en unknown
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2008
- 2008-06-12 NO NO20082619A patent/NO340690B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE19509696A1 (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-12 | Siemens Ag | Train safety spacing system |
EP0958987A2 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 1999-11-24 | Alcatel | Method for operating railway vehicles as well as train control centre and vehicle mounted apparatus therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101307925B1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
DE102005057273A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
WO2007060084A1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
TWI370069B (en) | 2012-08-11 |
DE102005057273B4 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
AR057931A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
NO20082619L (en) | 2008-06-12 |
BRPI0618959A2 (en) | 2011-09-13 |
KR20080069274A (en) | 2008-07-25 |
CN101304910A (en) | 2008-11-12 |
TW200730382A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
BRPI0618959B1 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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CHAD | Change of the owner's name or address (par. 44 patent law, par. patentforskriften) |
Owner name: SIEMENS MOBILITY GMBH, DE |
|
MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |