NO340554B1 - Heat recovery - Google Patents

Heat recovery Download PDF

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Publication number
NO340554B1
NO340554B1 NO20150613A NO20150613A NO340554B1 NO 340554 B1 NO340554 B1 NO 340554B1 NO 20150613 A NO20150613 A NO 20150613A NO 20150613 A NO20150613 A NO 20150613A NO 340554 B1 NO340554 B1 NO 340554B1
Authority
NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
heat
circuit
heat exchanger
fuel
burner
Prior art date
Application number
NO20150613A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO20150613A1 (en
Inventor
Didier Ostorero
Veroslav Sedlak
Original Assignee
Goodtech Recovery Tech As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Goodtech Recovery Tech As filed Critical Goodtech Recovery Tech As
Priority to NO20150613A priority Critical patent/NO340554B1/en
Priority to PCT/NO2016/050090 priority patent/WO2016186512A1/en
Publication of NO20150613A1 publication Critical patent/NO20150613A1/en
Publication of NO340554B1 publication Critical patent/NO340554B1/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K5/00Plants characterised by use of means for storing steam in an alkali to increase steam pressure, e.g. of Honigmann or Koenemann type
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/20Automatic control or regulation of cells
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/22Collecting emitted gases
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05DINDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00Application
    • F05D2220/60Application making use of surplus or waste energy
    • F05D2220/62Application making use of surplus or waste energy with energy recovery turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Description

Background of the Invention
Technical Field
The invention relates to heat recovery in general and more specifically a system and a method for recovering waste heat from an industrial process in pre heating combustion air and fuel.
Background Art
From prior art one should refer to general waste recovery technology wherein waste heat in a thermal power station in the flue is used to preheat air and/or fuel entering the thermal power station burner.
From prior art one should also refer to general waste recovery technology wherein waste heat in industrial processes such as aluminium electrolysis is recovered by heat exchangers and used for power generation, desalination and similar purposes.
At the same time such industrial processes, particularly electrochemical processes require large amounts of power and even with prior art the recovered power is low, complexities are high and temperature of the recovery system is low and thus overall efficiency is low. This also brings in associated problems such as pollution.
Disclosure of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
Therefore, a main objective of the present invention is to provide a system and a method that overcomes the problems described above.
Means for Solving the Problems
The objective is achieved according to the invention by an apparatus for recovering waste heat as defined in the preamble of claim 1, håving the features of the characterising portion of claim 1 and a method for recovering waste heat as defined in the preamble of claim 13, håving the features of the characterising portion of claim 13.
A number of non-exhaustive embodiments, variants or alternatives of the invention are defined by the dependent claims.
The present invention attains the above-described objective by a plurality of heat exchangers extracting heat from flue gas from a power plant and waste heat from an industrial process and transferring the extracted heat to air and optionally fuel entering said power plant.
Effects of the Invention
The technical differences over prior art is that feed in the form of air and/or fuel to the burner in a thermal power plant is pre heated in a sequence that provides optimum use of waste heat and delivering maximum pre heating to the burner.
These effects provide in turn several further advantageous effects:
• it reduces fuel consumption and thus C02 emission
• it simplifies energy recovery since steam raising is located in one place only
• it improves safety since steam is removed from certain industrial processes where water can cause explosion in liquid metal
• it makes it possible to increase burn temperature
• increased temperature increases Carnot cycle efficiency
• increased temperature allows for combusting and destroying harmful substances such as PCB
Brief Description of the Drawings
The above and further features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims and togetherwith advantages thereof will become clearerfrom consideration of the following detailed description of an [exemplary] embodiment of the invention given with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention will be further described below in connection with exemplary embodiments which are schematically shown in the drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 shows an embodiment with a parallel heating of air and fuel using heat in a flue and in an industrial process, and Fig. 2 shows an embodiment with a series heating of air and fuel using heat in a flue and then in an industrial process.
Description of the Reference Signs
The following reference numbers and signs refer to the drawings:
Detailed Description
Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to any specific structure or function presented throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on the teachings herein one skilled in the art should appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
The invention will be further described in connection with exemplary embodiments which are schematically shown in the drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows an embodiment with a heating of air and fuel using heat in a flue gas and in an industrial process.
Principles forming the basis of the invention
The underlying principle is that heat is recovered in a heat extraction circuit at different stages in a power station and/or in an industrial plant. Preferably the order of heat recovery is in increasing order of temperature. Heat recovered is then used to heat air and/or fuel entering a burner in the power station in a burner circuit.
Best Modes of Carrying Out the Invention
The embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 and 2 comprises a combined plant 100 comprising a thermal power plant 110 co located with an industrial plant 120 operating an industrial process. This is illustrated with an aluminium electrolysis cell 122 surrounded by a sidelining 124 that is cooled to prevent liquid metal from eroding and destroying the cell. Gases from the process leave through an exhaust conduit 126. Such gases typically comprise fluorides from the melt and carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide resulting from consumption of a carbon anode.
The thermal power plant 110 burns fuel from a fuel inlet 113 through a fuel pre-heater 114 wherein the fuel is burned in a burner 115 in air from an air inlet 111 through an air pre-heater 112. The burner heats a boiler 116 feeding a turbine system 118 with steam, preferably superheated steam. The boiler is a complex system of heat exchangers operating at different temperatures similar to what is known in prior art but adapted to handle the efficiency of the embodiments. The remaining heat then passes through the flue 119.
The industrial plant 120 can be any energy demanding process that generates a lot of waste heat. One such example is metal processing such as aluminium electrolysis. A plant typically comprises a plurality of electrolysis cells 122 but for simplicity a single electrolysis cell is shown. The cell is shown in simplified form with a sidelining 124 that is instrumental in containing liquid electrolyte including aluminium and is kept cooled to maintain a sidelayer, thus avoiding destruction of the electrolysis cell. Exhaust gases are ventilated through an exhaust conduit 126.
Many such plants require substantial amounts of power. In many cases aluminium plants were built next to major hydroelectric power stations. Where this is not possible dedicated thermal power plants have been co located with the aluminium plant. One such example is Quatalum, an aluminium smelter plant powered by a 1350 MW natural gas power plant.
Electricity from the thermal power plant is fed to the aluminium electrolysis cell (not shown). In addition the two are also connected by a heat exchanger circuit 140 comprising a flue gas circuit 150 and an industrial plant circuit 160 collecting heat from the processes. The heat is then brought into a burner circuit 170. The heat exchanger circuit uses a working medium for transferring heat.
The flue gas circuit 150 comprises a flue gas heat exchanger 152. The flue gas heat exchanger is able to raise the temperature of the working medium.
The industrial plant circuit 160 comprises an exhaust gas heat exchanger 162 and a sidelining heat exchanger 164. By passing the working medium first through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 162 and then the sidelining heat exchanger 164 the temperature of the working medium is able to absorb heat efficiently. Typically the temperature is raised to a temperature near the flue gas temperature and then to an even higher temperature in the next stage.
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment where working fluid enters the flue gas circuit and the industrial plant circuit in parallel and the working medium of both branches are collected in a heat collection manifold 142. From there the working medium passes to a heat distribution manifold 144 to the burner circuit 170 where a first part passes working medium to a burner air inlet heat exchanger 172 heating air in the air pre- heater 112, and a second part passes working medium to a burner fuel inlet heat exchanger 174 heating fuel in the fuel pre-heater 114.
Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment where the working fluid enters the flue gas circuit and the industrial plant circuit in series. This provides a series heating of air in flue and then in an industrial process. A heat collection manifold is therefore not required. From there the working medium passes to a heat distribution manifold 144 to the burner circuit 170 where a first part passes working medium to a burner air inlet heat exchanger 172 heating air in the air pre-heater 112, and a second part passes working medium to a burner fuel inlet heat exchanger 174 heating fuel in the fuel pre-heater 114.
Using valves (not shown) it is possible to switch between the parallel heating shown in Fig. 1 and the series heating shown in Fig. 2.
If the temperature of the flue gas is too low to increase the efficiency of the thermal plant, the working medium will flow first through the exchanger in the flue gas (152) before flowing through the heat recovery heat exchangers in the industrial plant circuit (160), i.e series.
If the temperature of the flue gas is high enough to increase the efficiency of the thermal plant (compare to the series one), the parallel process will be used.
Alternative Em bodi ments
A number of variations on the above can be envisaged. For instance the burner circuit 170 can be changed.
In one embodiment the burner circuit is a series connection between burner air inlet heat exchanger 172 and burner fuel inlet heat exchanger 174, in this order or opposite, optionally switchable between the two. In these embodiments a heat distribution manifold is not required.
It is also possible to heat only one of the air and the fuel.
In a variation of the parallel embodiment shown in Fig. 1 the exhaust gas of the industrial plant can be provided with a secondary circuit comprising further exhaust gas heat exchanger to recover heat remaining after passing through the exhaust gas heat exchanger 162. The heat in the secondary circuit can then be used to provide further pre heating of fuel or air.
The working medium can be a type of oil that can withstand the temperatures present in the industrial process. Alternatively air can be used and enter the air inlet, directly or via the burner circuit. While heat capacity of air is low it can be used to handle very high temperature stages without problems of fluids reaching due to high temperature.
Alternatively a fuel can be used as a working medium and enter the fuel inlet, directly or via the burner circuit. This can be beneficial for working temperature below the decomposition point for a fuel. One example is the use in the secondary circuit.
In certain industrial processes the exhaust gases comprise oxygen and/or flammable gases. For instances in the exhaust gas from aluminium electrolysis there is some CO present, a gas that is both flammable and also present a health risk. In one embodiment the exhaust gases are separated using membrane filters and combustible bases are fed into the burner 115 providing extra energy while rendering dangerous gases harmless.
Industrial Applicability
The invention according to the application finds use in co located systems comprising a power plant providing power to an industrial process. Alternatively energy could also be sent to the grid

Claims (14)

1. A system for recovering waste heat from a combined plant (100) comprising a thermal power plant (110) and an industrial plant (120), the system comprising: a heat exchanger circuit (140) håving a working fluid, further comprising: a heat extraction circuit comprising an industrial gas circuit (160) comprising at least one heat exchanger (162,164) for extracting waste heat from the industrial plant (120), and a burner circuit (170) comprising at least one heat exchanger (172, 174) for heating at least one from a group comprising air in an air pre-heater (112) heating air from an air inlet (111) and fuel in a fuel pre-heater (114) heating fuel from a fuel inlet (113) of the thermal power plant, wherein the industrial plant is not a thermal power plant,characterised in thatthe burner circuit uses heat extracted from the heat extraction circuit.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the heat extraction circuit further comprising a flue gas circuit (150) comprising a flue gas heat exchanger (152) for extracting waste heat from a flue gas in a flue (119) of the thermal power plant (110).
3. The system according to claim 2, further comprising a heat collection manifold (142) wherein the flue gas circuit (150) and the industrial gas circuit (160) are connected in parallel to the heat collection manifold.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the flue gas circuit (150) and the industrial gas circuit (160) are connected in series.
5. The system according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a heat distribution manifold (144) wherein the burner air inlet heat exchanger (172) and burner fuel inlet heat exchanger (174) are connected in parallel to the heat distribution manifold.
6. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the burner air inlet heat exchanger (172) and burner fuel inlet heat exchanger (174) are connected in series.
7. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least part of the exhaust gas in the exhaust conduit (126) is fed into the air inlet (111) of the thermal power plant (110).
8. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the working fluid is air.
9. The system according to claim 8, wherein at least part of the working fluid is fed into the air inlet.
10. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the working fluid is fuel.
11. The system according to claim 10, wherein at least part of the working fluid is fed into the fuel inlet.
12. The system according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the industrial plant comprises an aluminium electrolysis cell and wherein the industrial plant circuit (160) comprises an exhaust heat exchanger (162) and a sidelining heat exchanger (164).
13. A method for recovering waste heat from a combined plant (100) according to claim 2 wherein the system is operated according to claim 3 when temperature of the flue gas in the flue (119) is above a threshold Ts, and operated according to claim 4 when temperature of the flue gas in the flue (119) is below a threshold Tp.
14. The method according to claim 13, wherein Tsis more than 150°C and Tp is less than 100°C.
NO20150613A 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heat recovery NO340554B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20150613A NO340554B1 (en) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heat recovery
PCT/NO2016/050090 WO2016186512A1 (en) 2015-05-18 2016-05-13 A system and method for recovering waste heat from a combined industrial and thermal power plant.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20150613A NO340554B1 (en) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heat recovery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO20150613A1 NO20150613A1 (en) 2016-11-21
NO340554B1 true NO340554B1 (en) 2017-05-08

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO20150613A NO340554B1 (en) 2015-05-18 2015-05-18 Heat recovery

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NO (1) NO340554B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016186512A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO20180376A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-17 Cronus Tech As A system for recovery of waste heat from an industrial plant

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11906248B2 (en) 2021-07-13 2024-02-20 Pts Power Inc. Exhaust gas path heat energy utilization system and method

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US4720968A (en) * 1985-02-02 1988-01-26 Knizia Klaus Method and apparatus for driving an electrical power plant
JPH10160112A (en) * 1996-12-02 1998-06-19 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Boiler with highly efficient low nox combustion apparatus
JPH10318528A (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-12-04 Narita Seisakusho:Kk Operation of radiant tube burner furnace and apparatus therefor
GB2472849A (en) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-23 Dumitru Fetcu Heat exchanger
WO2012039624A1 (en) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Goodtech Recovery Technology As System and method for control of side layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell
WO2013104885A1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-18 Econotherm Uk Limited Heat transfer unit and a heat exchanger
WO2013105867A1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Aluminium electrolysis cell comprising sidewall temperature control system
CN103776026A (en) * 2014-01-24 2014-05-07 东南大学 Device and method for reducing high-temperature corrosion of power station boiler by use of waste heat of flue gas

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DE3505157A1 (en) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-21 Krupp Koppers GmbH, 4300 Essen METHOD FOR GENERATING ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN A COMBINED GAS AND STEAM TURBINE POWER PLANT WITH UPstream COAL GASIFICATION PLANT
CN101871392A (en) * 2010-05-28 2010-10-27 清华大学 Gas turbine engine electricity generation method and system using electric furnace phosphor preparation tail gas
WO2012162417A2 (en) * 2011-05-26 2012-11-29 Praxair Technology, Inc. Air separation power generation integration
CN104769256B (en) * 2012-10-26 2019-01-18 鲍尔法斯有限责任公司 Gas turbine energy replenishment system and heating system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4720968A (en) * 1985-02-02 1988-01-26 Knizia Klaus Method and apparatus for driving an electrical power plant
JPH10160112A (en) * 1996-12-02 1998-06-19 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Boiler with highly efficient low nox combustion apparatus
JPH10318528A (en) * 1997-05-16 1998-12-04 Narita Seisakusho:Kk Operation of radiant tube burner furnace and apparatus therefor
GB2472849A (en) * 2009-08-21 2011-02-23 Dumitru Fetcu Heat exchanger
WO2012039624A1 (en) * 2010-09-22 2012-03-29 Goodtech Recovery Technology As System and method for control of side layer formation in an aluminium electrolysis cell
WO2013104885A1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-18 Econotherm Uk Limited Heat transfer unit and a heat exchanger
WO2013105867A1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2013-07-18 Goodtech Recovery Technology As Aluminium electrolysis cell comprising sidewall temperature control system
CN103776026A (en) * 2014-01-24 2014-05-07 东南大学 Device and method for reducing high-temperature corrosion of power station boiler by use of waste heat of flue gas

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO20180376A1 (en) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-17 Cronus Tech As A system for recovery of waste heat from an industrial plant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2016186512A1 (en) 2016-11-24
NO20150613A1 (en) 2016-11-21

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Owner name: CRONUS TECHNOLOGY AS, NO

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Representative=s name: TANDBERG INNOVATION AS, POSTBOKS 1570 VIKA, 0118