CN103972559A - Method and device for biomass combined cycle power generation and carbon dioxide separation - Google Patents

Method and device for biomass combined cycle power generation and carbon dioxide separation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103972559A
CN103972559A CN201410196872.XA CN201410196872A CN103972559A CN 103972559 A CN103972559 A CN 103972559A CN 201410196872 A CN201410196872 A CN 201410196872A CN 103972559 A CN103972559 A CN 103972559A
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air
gas
reactor
steam
biomass
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向文国
陈伟
朱珉
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1009Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for biomass combined cycle power generation and carbon dioxide separation. The device comprises a biomass pyrolysis system, a chemical chain hydrogen manufacturing system, a solid oxide fuel battery system and a gas turbine system, wherein the biomass pyrolysis system is used for preparing bio-oil and biogas; the chemical chain hydrogen manufacturing system is used for separating CO2 and preparing hydrogen; the solid oxide fuel battery system is used for receiving hydrogen and oxygen-lacked air prepared by the chemical chain hydrogen manufacturing system and generating electric energy; the gas turbine system is used for receiving gas which is not fully reacted in the solid oxide fuel battery system and allows the gas to burn to generate electricity by acting in a burning chamber. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out pyrolysis on biomass so as to obtain bio-oil and biogas, and separating CO2 and preparing hydrogen after the bio-oil and biogas are introduced into the chemical chain hydrogen manufacturing system; reacting high temperature hydrogen and oxygen-lacked air generated by the chemical chain hydrogen manufacturing system in a fuel battery; and inputting gas, which is not fully reacted in the high-temperature fuel battery, into the burning chamber for burning in a mixing manner, enabling high-temperature gas of the outlet of the burning chamber to do work through turbine expansion, and recycling waste heat of high-temperature exhaust, thereby improving the energy utilization rate.

Description

The method and apparatus of a kind of biomass combined cycle generation separating carbon dioxide
Technical field
The invention belongs to biomass resource utilization, fuel cell cogeneration and collecting carbonic anhydride field, relate to the method and apparatus of a kind of biomass combined cycle generation separating carbon dioxide.
Background technology
Country advocates the high-efficiency cleaning utilization of the energy energetically.Biomass energy is uniquely a kind ofly can be converted into gas, solid and liquid fuel, realize " Mobyneb " regenerative resource that fossil energy substitutes entirely, the biomass-based high-end product energy security of giving priority to alternative petroleum base liquid fuel and chemicals, meets China's national development Major Strategic Demand.Biomass can obtain bio oil and biogas by pyrolysis.At present, bio oil a has obtained theoretical validation and experimental verification by the hydrogen manufacturing of chemical chain method, and its transformation efficiency is also higher.
Fuel cell is directly the chemical energy of fuel to be converted into electric energy, and be not subject to the restriction of Carnot cycle, wherein, efficient, low pollution that Solid Oxide Fuel Cell has, modularized design and do not melt the advantages such as salt corrosion, greatly receive people's concern.In more than ten years, the research of fuel cell has had revolutionary breakthrough technically in the past, and because its utilization ratio is high, people's fuel cell combined cycle that begins one's study, wish to wait until after its technology maturation, can replace existing thermal power generation unit, give full play to its potential advantages.Now, the technology of soild oxide high-temperature fuel cell SOFC and gas turbine GT combined cycle also obtains important breakthrough.
Therefore,, from existing background technology, the present invention is intended to obtain bio oil and biogas by biomass pyrolytic, prepares hydrogen in the method by chemical chain, as the fuel of fuel cell combined cycle.Integrate out the system of a kind of like this biomass combined cycle generation separating carbon dioxide, to realize the clean and effective utilization of the energy.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the invention provides that a kind of process costs is low, apparatus structure is simple; taking biomass as raw material; capturing carbon dioxide simultaneously; generating efficiency and overall thermal efficiency are improved; realize the biomass combined cycle generation of high efficiency of energy utilization and environmental protection the method for separating carbon dioxide, a kind of device of realizing the method is provided simultaneously.
Technical scheme: the device of biomass combined cycle generation of the present invention separating carbon dioxide, comprising: biomass pyrolysis system, for the preparation of bio oil and biogas;
Hydrogen production of chemical chain system, bio oil and the biogas prepared for receiving described biomass pyrolysis system, separation of C O 2with prepare hydrogen;
Solid oxide fuel battery system, hydrogen and the air prepared for receiving hydrogen production of chemical chain system, and at high temperature there is chemical reaction, the electric energy of generation is given user by external circuit;
Gas turbine engine systems, for receiving the hydrogen of not complete reaction and rare oxygen air of negative pole outlet of the anodal outlet of solid oxide fuel battery system, further mixed combustion in burner, finally enters expansion acting generating in turbine.
In device of the present invention, biomass pyrolysis system comprises the pyrolysis installation, gas-solid separator and the condensing unit that connect successively by reaction sequence;
Hydrogen production of chemical chain system comprises by oxygen carrier Fe 2o 3fuel reactor, steam reaction device and air reactor that circular response direction connects successively; The gas access of fuel reactor is connected with the gas vent of condensing unit, and the liquid inlet of fuel reactor is connected with the liquid outlet of condensing unit, and the material outlet of air reactor is connected with the material inlet of fuel reactor;
The negative pole gas access of solid oxide fuel battery system is connected with the gas vent of air reactor, and positive gas entrance is connected with the gas vent of steam reaction device;
Gas turbine engine systems comprises the combustion chamber, turbine, air heater and the steam heater that connect successively according to Working fluid flow direction, and with generator and the air compressor of turbine coaxial linkage, the exhaust outlet of air compressor is connected with the air intake of air heater, the air outlet slit of air heater is connected with the air intake of air reactor, the steam inlet of steam heater is connected with external steam source, and steam (vapor) outlet is connected with the steam inlet of steam reaction device.
In the preferred version of apparatus of the present invention, in biomass pyrolysis system, the working temperature of pyrolysis installation is 500~650 DEG C, and the working temperature of solid oxide fuel battery system is at 800~1100 DEG C;
Hydrogen production of chemical chain system adopts iron-based oxygen carrier Fe 2o 3in fuel reactor, carry out reduction reaction, the working temperature of fuel reactor is 800~1000 DEG C; The working temperature of steam reaction device is 800~900 DEG C; The working temperature of air reactor is 800~1000 DEG C.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of biomass combined cycle generation separating carbon dioxide, and the method, based on said apparatus, comprises the steps:
First, biomass are pyrolytic reaction in pyrolysis installation, and thermal decomposition product obtains bio oil and biogas successively after gas-solid separating device and condensing unit processing; The bio oil generating and biogas enter in hydrogen production of chemical chain system carries out hydrogen production of chemical chain reaction, separation of C O in fuel reactor 2, produce hydrogen at steam reaction device, the oxygen debt air of high temperature in air reactor generation temperature at 800~1000 DEG C; The hydrogen that steam reaction device generates enters the anode of solid oxide fuel battery system, and the oxygen debt air of high temperature that air reactor produces enters cathode of solid oxide fuel cell, carries out electrochemical reaction and produces electric energy;
In solid oxide fuel battery system, the gas of complete reaction does not enter mixed combustion in combustion chamber in the lump, the high-temperature gas producing passes into turbine acting, the energy part producing is used for driving generator generating, a part drives air compressor, the compressed air producing enters air heater, after the weary gas preheating of high temperature of discharging through turbine, enter air reactor and participate in hydrogen production of chemical chain reaction, external steam source enters steam heater, enters steam reaction device and participate in hydrogen production of chemical chain reaction after the weary gas preheating of high temperature of discharging through turbine.
In the preferred version of the inventive method, in biomass pyrolysis system, the working temperature of pyrolysis installation is 500~650 DEG C, and the working temperature of solid oxide fuel battery system is at 800~1100 DEG C;
Hydrogen production of chemical chain system adopts iron-based oxygen carrier Fe 2o 3in fuel reactor, carry out reduction reaction, the working temperature of fuel reactor is 800~1000 DEG C; The working temperature of steam reaction device is 800~900 DEG C; The working temperature of air reactor is 800~1000 DEG C.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages in invention:
1, compared with existing biomass gasification technology, pyrolysis installation in this device is worked under normal pressure, as long as the working temperature of pyrolysis installation is adjusted to 500~650 DEG C, just can fast pyrolysis, install simple and easy, simple to operate, can greatly reduce process costs, be applicable to on-the-spot small-scale preparation bio oil and biogas.And the bio oil obtaining has the features such as convenient transportation than biomass.
2, apparatus of the present invention can, in the operation of the biomass material place of production, obtain bio oil and the biogas of being convenient to storage and transport, solve the problem that biomass material is not easy to transport, stores.Meanwhile, the conversion process of biomass is that photosynthesis by green plants is by CO 2and H 2o synthesising biological matter, the apparatus and method in the present invention realize again CO 2trapping, form CO 2cycle bleeder process, can effectively reduce the discharge of greenhouse gas, meet the requirement of energy clean utilization.
3, after biomass cracking, pass through the method hydrogen manufacturing of chemical chain, the product obtaining from fuel reactor gas vent is pure CO through supercooling again 2, system has realized CO 2trapping, avoid the discharge of greenhouse gas.This point, existing biomass gasification technology is to be difficult to realize, because pass in gasification furnace after air, under high temperature, airborne oxygen will react with biomass and generate CO 2, in reaction unit subsequently, we are difficult to isolate pure CO 2.And, compared with traditional gasification hydrogen-producing, in hydrogen production of chemical chain system of the present invention, reacting with FeO and Fe by steam and generate hydrogen, product is pure hydrogen through cooling, without relating to O 2with N 2separation, CO 2and H 2separation, H 2the removing process of S and COS dusty gas, reduces and realizes the related energy resource consumption of above technique.
4, from biomass pyrolytic, hydrogen production of chemical chain to the process of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Gas Turbine Combined-cycle, biomass pyrolytic before this then reacts in fuel reactor, obtains pure CO from fuel reactor gas vent 2, the CO of realization 2trapping; The high-temperature hydrogen that then chemical chain method makes is as the fuel of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell combined cycle, for generating.In the present invention, because hydrogen production of chemical chain system steam reaction device and air reactor reaction temperature are all more than 800 DEG C, so hydrogen out has the temperature of 800~900 DEG C from hydrogen production of chemical chain system, oxygen debt air has the temperature of 800~1000 DEG C, meet the requirement of fuel cell generation electrochemical reaction, ensure the efficiency of fuel cell reaction, do not needed extra power consumption to heat up to the gas-heated entering before fuel cell, reduced energy resource consumption.In fuel cell, the hydrogen of complete reaction can further not burn again in combustion chamber, ensures the completing combustion of fuel and makes full use of.And, in gas turbine engine systems, the heat of the tail gas after acting that expands is recycled, for heating hydrogen production of chemical chain system compressed air and steam, improve the heat efficiency of entire system.In whole system, the fuel energy conversion ratio of biomass pyrolytic is the highest can reach 95.5%, adopt the theoretical efficiency of the chemical chain method hydrogen manufacturing of iron-based oxygen carrier also can reach more than 90%, the generating efficiency of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell combined cycle can reach 60%, so a series of system combinations are got up, just can obtain the new system that a high efficiency of energy is utilized.At present, thermal power generation efficiency is 45%, and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell combined cycle can reach 60%, and the raising of generating efficiency is generated electricity this mode and can be reduced by 15% fuel use amount, and this efficient utilization to fuel is significant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the method and apparatus of biomass combined cycle generation of the present invention separating carbon dioxide.
In figure, have: biomass pyrolysis system I, hydrogen production of chemical chain system II, solid oxide fuel battery system III, gas turbine engine systems IV; Pyrolysis installation 1, gas-solid separator 2, condensing unit 3, fuel reactor 4, steam reaction device 5, air reactor 6, combustion chamber 8, turbine 9, air compressor 10, air heater 11 and steam heater 12.
Embodiment
In order to understand better technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention will be described below with reference to accompanying drawings:
As shown in Figure 1, device comprises four systems to system configuration of the present invention: biomass pyrolysis system I, hydrogen production of chemical chain system II, solid oxide fuel battery system III and gas turbine engine systems IV.
Combined cycle generation is taking biomass as raw material, and wherein the outlet of pyrolysis installation 1 is connected with the entrance of gas-solid separator 2, and the outlet of gas-solid separator 2 also has fuel reactor 4 to be connected respectively at condensing unit 3; The material outlet of fuel reactor 4 is connected with the material inlet of steam reaction device 5, and the material outlet of steam reaction device 5 is connected with the material inlet of air reactor 6, and the material outlet of air reactor 6 is connected with the material inlet of fuel reactor 4; Negative pole, the positive pole of solid oxide fuel battery system are connected with the gas vent of air reactor 6 and the gas vent of steam reaction device 5 respectively, and the gas of the negative pole of solid oxide fuel battery system and anodal outlet together enters combustion chamber 8; The outlet of combustion chamber 8 is connected with the entrance of turbine 9, turbine 9 also has air compressor 10 coaxial linkages with generator, the outlet of turbine 9 is connected with the working medium entrance of air heater 11, the sender property outlet of air heater 11 is connected with the working medium entrance of steam heater 12, the outlet of air compressor 10 is connected with the air intake of air heater 11, the air outlet slit of air heater 11 is connected with the air intake of air reactor 6, and the steam (vapor) outlet of steam heater 12 is connected with the steam inlet of steam reaction device 5.
The course of work of system: biomass material adds from the top of pyrolysis installation 1, certainly mixes with biomass and heats biomass as the thermophore of thermal cracking thermal source, when being heated to 500~650 DEG C of artifact matter generation fast pyrolysis reactions; Pyrolysis installation 1 is connected with gas-solid separator 2, thermal cracking products through gas-solid separator 2 by solid particle and Oil-gas Separation, pure oil gas passes into condensing unit 3, together enter fuel reactor 4 through condensed bio oil a and biogas b, under the working temperature of 800~1000 DEG C, there is redox reaction in iron oxide and bio oil a and biogas b, and is reduced into high-temperature metal monomer iron or ferrous oxide A, and the gas vent of fuel reactor 4 is discharged CO 2with water vapour m, mist m condensation is obtained to pure CO 2; Fuel reactor 4 material outlets are connected with steam reaction device 5 material inlets, high-temperature metal monomer iron or ferrous oxide A and steam are admitted to respectively steam reaction device 5, the raw reaction of both abundant hybrid concurrencies, and control reaction temperature at 800~900 DEG C, the tri-iron tetroxide B generating enters into air reactor 6 with Matter Transfer, and the hydrogen generating and not the steam c of complete reaction are admitted to the positive pole of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell; There is oxidation reaction with the airborne oxygen of sending at air reactor 6 in the tri-iron tetroxide B coming with Flow of Goods and Materials from steam reaction device 5,800~1000 DEG C of reaction temperatures, generate high-valency metal oxide C, then be fed in fuel reactor 4, complete recycling of material;
In air reactor 6, reacted oxygen debt air d flows into the negative pole of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell from gas vent, with enter anodal hydrogen chemical reaction occur in fuel cell, reaction temperature is at 800~1100 DEG C, gas after Solid Oxide Fuel Cell outlet anode and cathode reaction mixes, residual hydrogen can burn away in combustion chamber 8, becomes high temperature and high pressure gas g through combustion heating; Finally, the high-temperature gas g that combustion chamber 8 exports passes into turbine acting, the energy part that turbine produces is used for generating electricity, a part is compressed the inlet air of hydrogen production of chemical chain system II air reactor 6 with engine-driven air compressor 10, and the compressed air i of tail gas preheating hydrogen production of chemical chain system II air reactor 6 imports that turbine outlet is flowed out and the water vapour k of steam reaction device 5 imports reclaim heat.
In the present embodiment, biomass material is the stalk particle that is less than 2mm, and the fuel energy conversion ratio of pyrolysis can reach 70%.In hydrogen production of chemical chain system, oxygen carrier adopts Fe 2o 3, hydrogen production efficiency is probably in 70% left and right.The temperature of the negative positive gas entrance of fuel cell is 900 DEG C, and fuel and the air utilance in fuel cell is 60% and 50%, and system works pressure is normal pressure; The theoretical work voltage of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell is 0.91V, and the heat exchange efficiency of steam heater and air heater is 98%, drives generator generating by combustion gas turbine, and its generating efficiency is 25%; Whole electricity generation system is carried out to thermal equilibrium analysis, and the generating efficiency of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell is 50%, and the heat efficiency of entire system was 80% (comprising UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN).
Below be only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make the some improvement that can expect and be equal to replacement; these improve the claims in the present invention and are equal to the technical scheme after replacement, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a device for biomass combined cycle generation separating carbon dioxide, is characterized in that, this device comprises: biomass pyrolysis system (I), for the preparation of bio oil a and biogas b;
Hydrogen production of chemical chain system (II), bio oil and the biogas prepared for receiving described biomass pyrolysis system (I), separation of C O 2with prepare hydrogen;
, for receiving hydrogen and the air of hydrogen production of chemical chain system (II) preparation, and at high temperature there is chemical reaction in solid oxide fuel battery system (III), the electric energy of generation is given user by external circuit;
Gas turbine engine systems (IV), be used for the hydrogen of the not complete reaction that receives the anodal outlet of solid oxide fuel battery system (III) and rare oxygen air of negative pole outlet, further mixed combustion in burner, finally enters expansion acting generating in turbine.
2. the device of biomass combined cycle generation according to claim 1 separating carbon dioxide, is characterized in that:
Described biomass pyrolysis system (I) comprises the pyrolysis installation (1), gas-solid separator (2) and the condensing unit (3) that connect successively by reaction sequence;
Described hydrogen production of chemical chain system (II) comprises by oxygen carrier Fe 2o 3fuel reactor (4), steam reaction device (5) and air reactor (6) that circular response direction connects successively; The gas access of described fuel reactor (4) is connected with the gas vent of condensing unit (3), the liquid inlet of fuel reactor (4) is connected with the liquid outlet of condensing unit (3), and the material outlet of air reactor (6) is connected with the material inlet of fuel reactor (4);
The negative pole gas access of described solid oxide fuel battery system (III) is connected with the gas vent of air reactor (6), and positive gas entrance is connected with the gas vent of steam reaction device (5);
Described gas turbine engine systems (IV) comprises the combustion chamber (8) connecting successively according to Working fluid flow direction, turbine (9), air heater (11) and steam heater (12), and with generator (G) and the air compressor (10) of described turbine (9) coaxial linkage, the exhaust outlet of described air compressor (10) is connected with the air intake of air heater (11), the air outlet slit of described air heater (11) is connected with the air intake of air reactor (6), the steam inlet of steam heater (12) is connected with external steam source, steam (vapor) outlet is connected with the steam inlet of steam reaction device (5).
3. the device of biomass combined cycle generation according to claim 2 separating carbon dioxide, is characterized in that:
In described biomass pyrolysis system (I), the working temperature of pyrolysis installation (1) is 500~650 DEG C, and the working temperature of described solid oxide fuel battery system (III) is at 800~1100 DEG C;
Described hydrogen production of chemical chain system (II) adopts iron-based oxygen carrier Fe 2o 3in fuel reactor (4), carry out reduction reaction, the working temperature of described fuel reactor (4) is 800~1000 DEG C; The working temperature of described steam reaction device (5) is 800~900 DEG C; The working temperature of described air reactor (6) is 800~1000 DEG C.
4. a method for biomass combined cycle generation separating carbon dioxide, is characterized in that, the method, based on device described in claim 1,2 or 3, comprises the steps:
First, biomass are pyrolytic reaction in pyrolysis installation (1), and thermal decomposition product obtains bio oil and biogas successively after gas-solid separating device (2) and condensing unit (3) processing; The bio oil generating and biogas enter in hydrogen production of chemical chain system (II) carries out hydrogen production of chemical chain reaction, separation of C O in fuel reactor (4) 2, produce hydrogen at steam reaction device (5), the oxygen debt air of high temperature in air reactor (6) generation temperature at 800~1000 DEG C;
The hydrogen that steam reaction device (5) generates enters the anode of solid oxide fuel battery system (III), the oxygen debt air of high temperature that air reactor (6) produces enters the negative electrode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (III), carries out electrochemical reaction and produces electric energy;
In solid oxide fuel battery system (III), the gas of complete reaction does not enter mixed combustion in combustion chamber (8) in the lump, the high-temperature gas producing passes into turbine (9) acting, the energy part producing is used for driving generator generating, a part drives air compressor (10), the compressed air producing enters air heater (11), after the weary gas preheating of high temperature of discharging through turbine (9), enter air reactor (6) and participate in hydrogen production of chemical chain reaction, external steam source enters steam heater (12), after the weary gas preheating of high temperature of discharging through turbine (9), enter steam reaction device (5) and participate in hydrogen production of chemical chain reaction.
5. the method for biomass combined cycle generation according to claim 4 separating carbon dioxide, it is characterized in that, in described biomass pyrolysis system (I), the working temperature of pyrolysis installation (1) is 500~650 DEG C, and the working temperature of described solid oxide fuel battery system (III) is at 800~1100 DEG C; Described hydrogen production of chemical chain system (II) adopts iron-based oxygen carrier Fe 2o 3in fuel reactor (4), carry out reduction reaction, the working temperature of described fuel reactor (4) is 800~1000 DEG C; The working temperature of described steam reaction device (5) is 800~900 DEG C; The working temperature of described air reactor (6) is 800~1000 DEG C.
CN201410196872.XA 2014-05-09 2014-05-09 Method and device for biomass combined cycle power generation and carbon dioxide separation Pending CN103972559A (en)

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CN106856245A (en) * 2015-12-08 2017-06-16 财团法人工业技术研究院 CLP and SOFC integrated power generation plant and operation method thereof
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CN113224360A (en) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-06 华能(天津)煤气化发电有限公司 Method and system for producing hydrogen and generating power by co-gasification of coal and biomass
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Application publication date: 20140806