NO315723B1 - System and method for transporting and storing compressed natural gas - Google Patents

System and method for transporting and storing compressed natural gas Download PDF

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Publication number
NO315723B1
NO315723B1 NO20013394A NO20013394A NO315723B1 NO 315723 B1 NO315723 B1 NO 315723B1 NO 20013394 A NO20013394 A NO 20013394A NO 20013394 A NO20013394 A NO 20013394A NO 315723 B1 NO315723 B1 NO 315723B1
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
tanks
cng
pressure
gas
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
NO20013394A
Other languages
Norwegian (no)
Other versions
NO20013394D0 (en
NO20013394L (en
Inventor
Finn P Nilsen
Inge Sverre Lund Nilsen
Erik Nilsen
Gudmund Hinderaker
Svein Inge Eide
Original Assignee
Statoil Asa
Framo Purification As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Statoil Asa, Framo Purification As filed Critical Statoil Asa
Priority to NO20013394A priority Critical patent/NO315723B1/en
Publication of NO20013394D0 publication Critical patent/NO20013394D0/en
Priority to PCT/NO2002/000234 priority patent/WO2003006309A1/en
Publication of NO20013394L publication Critical patent/NO20013394L/en
Publication of NO315723B1 publication Critical patent/NO315723B1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/032—Orientation with substantially vertical main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/035—Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03—Orientation
    • F17C2201/037—Orientation with sloping main axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0624—Single wall with four or more layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0138—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0135—Pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0192—Propulsion of the fluid by using a working fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/021—Avoiding over pressurising
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0142—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed underground
    • F17C2270/0144—Type of cavity
    • F17C2270/0147—Type of cavity by burying vessels

Description

O ppfinnelsens område The field of the invention

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører transport, lagring og distribusjon av komprimert naturgass (CNG). Nærmere bestemt vedrører oppfinnelsen et system og en fremgangsmåte for transport og lagring av komprimert naturgass (CNG) under høyt trykk (HP), og distribusjon av den lagrede komprimerte naturgass ved høyt trykk (HP), mellomtrykk (MP) og lavt trykk (LP), i stor industriell skala. The present invention relates to the transport, storage and distribution of compressed natural gas (CNG). More specifically, the invention relates to a system and a method for transporting and storing compressed natural gas (CNG) under high pressure (HP), and distributing the stored compressed natural gas at high pressure (HP), medium pressure (MP) and low pressure (LP) , on a large industrial scale.

O ppfinnelsens bakgrunn og kjent teknikk Background and prior art of the invention

Transport og lagring i stor skala av komprimert naturgass CNG har et stort potensial globalt, og kan være fordelaktig sammenlignet med LNG og rørledninger for de rette kombinasjoner av avstand fra gasskilden og gassforbruk. Large-scale transport and storage of compressed natural gas CNG has great potential globally, and can be advantageous compared to LNG and pipelines for the right combinations of distance from the gas source and gas consumption.

Tradisjonelt har lagring av naturgass i store mengder vært begrenset til undergrunnsanlegg ved nær atmosfæretrykk. Lagring under grunnen av naturgass ved forhøyet trykk krever en forsterkning av veggene i undergrunnsanlegget. Trykkgrensen for lagring av naturgass i undergrunnsanlegg er i dag ca. 40 bar g. Traditionally, the storage of natural gas in large quantities has been limited to underground facilities at close to atmospheric pressure. Underground storage of natural gas at elevated pressure requires strengthening of the walls of the underground facility. The pressure limit for storing natural gas in underground facilities is currently approx. 40 bar g.

For lagring av CNG ved høyere trykk er det påkrevd med stålbeholdere, og foreløpig er denne teknologi begrenset til relativt mindre volumer, slik som på tankbiler og tog. For storing CNG at higher pressure, steel containers are required, and for now this technology is limited to relatively small volumes, such as on tankers and trains.

Fylling av en trykkbeholder for transport av naturgass fra en gasskilde under høyt trykk (f.eks. en HP gassrørledning) er forbundet med en lav begynnelsestemperatur ettersom gassen må strupes før ankomst til den tomme beholder, hvilket medfører en stor trykkdifferanse. Dersom gasskildens trykk er meget høy, kan begynnelsestemperaturen falle til eksempelvis -100 °C, hvilket vil resultere i dannelse av gasshydrater og is dersom ikke gassen er blitt tørket i en molekylsikt-gasstørker. Den meget lave temperatur kan føre til store materialrelaterte problemer for konstruksjonen. Det vil videre forekomme meget høye gasshastigheter og strupet strøm i rørsystemet, og tiden for tankfylling kan være meget lang. Filling a pressure vessel for transporting natural gas from a gas source under high pressure (e.g. an HP gas pipeline) is associated with a low initial temperature as the gas must be throttled before reaching the empty vessel, which results in a large pressure difference. If the pressure of the gas source is very high, the initial temperature can drop to, for example, -100 °C, which will result in the formation of gas hydrates and ice if the gas has not been dried in a molecular sieve gas dryer. The very low temperature can lead to major material-related problems for the construction. There will also be very high gas velocities and choked current in the pipe system, and the time for filling the tank can be very long.

Dersom ulike trykknivåer eller ulike temperaturnivåer er tilgjengelige ved gassterminalen, kan imidlertid transportbeholderen lastes direkte uten betydelige temperaturproblemer. Ett eksempel er høytemperaturgass nedstrøms eksportkompressorer. If different pressure levels or different temperature levels are available at the gas terminal, however, the transport container can be loaded directly without significant temperature problems. One example is high temperature gas downstream of export compressors.

Lossing fra en trykkbeholder er også forbundet med lave temperaturer. Mottaksbeholderen vil påføres ekspansjonseffekter med tilhørende lav temperatur under lossing av transportbeholderen. Et enda alvorligere problem er den ekstremt lave temperatur som oppnås i selve transportbeholderen på grunn av ekspansjon av gass i beholderen under nær adiabatiske forhold. Den termodynamiske effekt som fremkommer ved ekspansjon av en gass i en beholder er forskjellig fra mekanismen ved struping, og beregninger viser at temperaturen i gassen og beholderen etter lossing kan synke til -150 °C. Unloading from a pressure vessel is also associated with low temperatures. The receiving container will be subjected to expansion effects with associated low temperature during unloading of the transport container. An even more serious problem is the extremely low temperature achieved in the transport container itself due to expansion of gas in the container under near adiabatic conditions. The thermodynamic effect resulting from the expansion of a gas in a container is different from the mechanism of throttling, and calculations show that the temperature in the gas and container after unloading can drop to -150 °C.

I patentpublikasjon US 4446804 beskrives en fremgangsmåte for transport av olje og gass under høyt trykk i tanker ombord på et skip, hvorved lasting og lossing utføres ved bruk av en hensiktsmessig væske under trykk, for eksempel vann, i de enkelte tanker. Lastingen omfatter å fylle en tank eller gruppe av tanker inneholdende væske under trykk med olje og gass mens den trykksatte væske samtidig fortrenges til neste tank eller gruppe av tanker som skal fylles, hvoretter den neste tank/gruppe av tanker fylles med lasten mens væske under trykk fortrenges videre til en tredje tank/gruppe av tanker, osv. Lossingen omfatter å fjerne lasten fra den ene tank eller gruppe av tanker ved å føre en væske under trykk inn i tanken/gruppen av tanker, losse lasten i den neste tank/gruppe av tanker gjennom overførsel av væsken under trykk fra den første tank/gruppe av tanker til den neste, osv., hvorved forholdet mellom olje og gass i blandingen holdes så konstant som mulig under hele losseoperasjonen ved å justere lossingen av gass fra de ulike tanker eller grupper av tanker. Patent publication US 4446804 describes a method for transporting oil and gas under high pressure in tanks on board a ship, whereby loading and unloading is carried out using a suitable liquid under pressure, for example water, in the individual tanks. The loading includes filling a tank or group of tanks containing liquid under pressure with oil and gas while simultaneously displacing the pressurized liquid to the next tank or group of tanks to be filled, after which the next tank/group of tanks is filled with the cargo while the liquid is under pressure displaced on to a third tank/group of tanks, etc. Unloading includes removing the cargo from one tank or group of tanks by introducing a liquid under pressure into the tank/group of tanks, unloading the cargo in the next tank/group of tanks through the transfer of the liquid under pressure from the first tank/group of tanks to the next, etc., whereby the ratio of oil and gas in the mixture is kept as constant as possible throughout the unloading operation by adjusting the unloading of gas from the various tanks or groups of thoughts.

I henhold til US 4446804 anses det som mest fordelaktig å operere ved et trykk på ca. 100 bar. Den kjente fremgangsmåte vedrører i henhold til patentkravene kun blandinger mellom olje og gass, men i beskrivelsen er det nevnt at fremgangsmåten også kan benyttes for gass alene (kolonne 1, linjer 64-66). Det er ingen spesiell omtale av de økte problemer som møtes ved transport og håndtering av gass uten olje. Væsker er tilnærmet innkompressible og bidrar derfor ikke til de innledningsvis nevnte problemer ved lasting og lossing av gass under høyt trykk, hvilke problemer derfor er størst ved ren gasshåndtering. According to US 4446804, it is considered most advantageous to operate at a pressure of approx. 100 bars. According to the patent claims, the known method only concerns mixtures between oil and gas, but in the description it is mentioned that the method can also be used for gas alone (column 1, lines 64-66). There is no special mention of the increased problems encountered when transporting and handling gas without oil. Liquids are almost incompressible and therefore do not contribute to the initially mentioned problems when loading and unloading gas under high pressure, which problems are therefore greatest in pure gas handling.

I patentpublikasjon US 4446804 er det videre ikke nevnt andre væsker enn vann som kan ha funksjon til trykkutjevning og fortrengning under lasting og lossing av olje og gass. Det er heller ikke nevnt noe spesielt om bestemte måter for å sammenkoble tanker utover hva som fremgår av det ovennevnte. Vannet til trykkutjevning og fortrengning i henhold til US 4446804 kan forsynes fra en egen tank eller fra en kilde for produsert vann. I patentpublikasjon US 4446804 er det følgelig ingen antydninger til fagpersonen om andre måter enn de ovennevnte for å utøve fremgangsmåten ifølge US 4446804. In patent publication US 4446804, there is no mention of liquids other than water which can have the function of pressure equalization and displacement during loading and unloading of oil and gas. Nor is anything specifically mentioned about specific ways of connecting thoughts beyond what appears from the above. The water for pressure equalization and displacement according to US 4446804 can be supplied from a separate tank or from a source for produced water. In patent publication US 4446804, there are consequently no hints to the skilled person about ways other than those mentioned above to carry out the method according to US 4446804.

Vedrørende trykket for utøvelse av fremgangsmåten i henhold til US 4446804, er det ikke utelukket å benytte høyere trykk, men det anses som mest økonomisk gunstig å utøve fremgangsmåten ved et redusert trykk på ca. 100 bar (kolonne 1, linje 66 - kolonne 2, linje 3). Regarding the pressure for carrying out the method according to US 4446804, it is not excluded to use a higher pressure, but it is considered most economically advantageous to carry out the method at a reduced pressure of approx. 100 bar (column 1, line 66 - column 2, line 3).

Oppsummering av oppfinnelsen Summary of the invention

Med den foreliggende oppfinnelse tilveiebringes et system for transport og lagring av komprimert naturgass (CNG) under høyt trykk (HP), og distribusjon av nevnte naturgass ved høyt trykk (HP), mellomtrykk (MP) og lavt trykk (LP), hvilket system omfatter: i) transportenheter med én eller flere tanker for lasting og transport av HP CNG og utrustning for å laste, transportere internt i transportenheten og losse HP CNG og væske under høyt trykk, The present invention provides a system for transporting and storing compressed natural gas (CNG) under high pressure (HP), and distributing said natural gas at high pressure (HP), medium pressure (MP) and low pressure (LP), which system comprises : i) transport units with one or more tanks for loading and transporting HP CNG and equipment for loading, transporting internally in the transport unit and unloading HP CNG and liquid under high pressure,

ii) en lagringsenhet med én eller flere tanker for lagring av HP CNG og utrustning for å laste, transportere internt i lagringsenheten og losse HP CNG og væske under høyt trykk, og en lagringstank for væske som kan leveres ved HP, MP og LP, og iii) en distribusjonsenhet omfattende én eller flere tanker for HP CNG, én eller flere tanker for MP CNG og én eller flere tanker for LP CNG, hvilke tanker er koblet for distribusjon til brukere av hhv. HP CNG, MP CNG og LP CNG, og utrustning for å laste HP CNG og transportere internt i distribusjonsenheten HP CNG, MP CNG, LP CNG og væske, og utrustning for fluidkommunikasjon med lagringstanken for væske, og eventuelle tanker for CNG i ytterligere trykkområder og med utrustning for fluidkommunikasjon. Systemet ifølge den foreliggende oppfinnelse særpreges ved at dets utforming er slik at det under fluidkommunikasjon til eller mellom systemets enheter eller internt mellom tanker i den enkelte enhet danner en lukket sløyfe hvor gass under spesifikt trykk transporteres fra en eller flere første tanker til en eller flere andre tanker mens væske under samme trykk som gassen eller marginalt høyere trykk transporteres fra de en eller flere andre tanker til de en eller flere første tanker, idet volumet i de en eller flere første tanker er tilnærmet likt volumet i de en eller flere andre tanker. ii) a storage unit with one or more tanks for the storage of HP CNG and equipment for loading, transporting within the storage unit and discharging HP CNG and liquid under high pressure, and a storage tank for liquid deliverable at HP, MP and LP, and iii) a distribution unit comprising one or more tanks for HP CNG, one or more tanks for MP CNG and one or more tanks for LP CNG, which tanks are connected for distribution to users of, respectively. HP CNG, MP CNG and LP CNG, and equipment for loading HP CNG and transporting internally in the distribution unit HP CNG, MP CNG, LP CNG and liquid, and equipment for fluid communication with the storage tank for liquid, and any tanks for CNG in additional pressure areas and with equipment for fluid communication. The system according to the present invention is characterized by the fact that its design is such that during fluid communication to or between the system's units or internally between tanks in the individual unit it forms a closed loop where gas under specific pressure is transported from one or more first tanks to one or more other tanks while liquid under the same pressure as the gas or marginally higher pressure is transported from the one or more other tanks to the one or more first tanks, the volume in the one or more first tanks being approximately equal to the volume in the one or more other tanks.

Den foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører også en fremgangsmåte med anvendelse av systemet ifølge oppfinnelsen, særpreget ved å danne en lukket sløyfe ved fluidkommunikasjon til eller mellom systemets enheter eller internt mellom tanker i én enhet, i hvilken sløyfe gass under spesifikt trykk transporteres fra en eller flere første tanker til en eller flere andre tanker mens væske under samme trykk som gassen eller marginalt høyere trykk transporteres fra de en eller flere andre tanker til de en eller flere første tanker, hvorved volumet i de en eller flere første tanker er tilnærmet likt, mest foretrukket nøyaktig likt, volumet i de en eller flere andre tanker. The present invention also relates to a method using the system according to the invention, characterized by forming a closed loop by fluid communication to or between the system's units or internally between tanks in one unit, in which loop gas under specific pressure is transported from one or more first tanks to one or more other tanks while liquid under the same pressure as the gas or marginally higher pressure is transported from the one or more other tanks to the one or more first tanks, whereby the volume in the one or more first tanks is approximately the same, most preferably exactly the same , the volume in the one or more other tanks.

Med den foreliggende oppfinnelse gjøres det mulig å laste eller losse store mengder CNG under høyt trykk i løpet av kort tid uten å støte på problemer som skyldes meget lave temperaturer forbundet med ekspanderende gass. Gassen transporteres og lagres typisk ved ca. 200 bar g. With the present invention, it is made possible to load or unload large quantities of CNG under high pressure within a short time without encountering problems due to very low temperatures associated with expanding gas. The gas is typically transported and stored at approx. 200 bar g.

Konseptet ifølge oppfinnelsen med en lukket sløyfe for fluidkommunikasjon mellom tanker medfører relativt lave krav med hensyn til pumping av væske under trykk. For nevnte pumping er det tilnærmet bare friksjonstrykktapet som må overvinnes. The concept according to the invention with a closed loop for fluid communication between tanks entails relatively low requirements with regard to pumping liquid under pressure. For the aforementioned pumping, it is almost only the frictional pressure loss that must be overcome.

Figurer Figures

Figurene 1 til 3 viser ulike fartøy for transport i henhold til oppfinnelsen. Figurene 4 til 9 illustrerer anvendelse av systemet ifølge oppfinnelsen, og utøvelse av fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen, nærmere bestemt ved lossing. Figures 1 to 3 show various vessels for transport according to the invention. Figures 4 to 9 illustrate the use of the system according to the invention, and the practice of the method according to the invention, more specifically during unloading.

Figur 10 illustrerer transport til havs av CNG. Figure 10 illustrates the transport of CNG at sea.

Figur 11 illustrerer trekk ved en lagringsenhet ifølge oppfinnelsen. Figure 11 illustrates features of a storage unit according to the invention.

Figur 12 illustrerer HP, MP og LP gassamleledninger ved regionale distribusjonssentra. Figure 12 illustrates HP, MP and LP gas mains at regional distribution centres.

Figur 13 illustrerer systemets distribusjonskonsept. Figure 13 illustrates the system's distribution concept.

Detaljert beskrivelse Detailed description

Som væske under trykk i henhold til den foreliggende oppfinnelse gjøres det fortrinnsvis bruk av etanol, metanol, glykol, enhver annen alkohol med lav frysetemperatur, væskeformige stabile hydrokarboner eller vann. Mest foretrukket gjøres det bruk av glykol. Ettersom væsken er tilnærmet innkompressibel vil trykkeffektene med hensyn til væsken være tilnærmet neglisjerbare, og det kan oppnås meget bra styring ved lasting og lossing av en trykkbeholder. As liquid under pressure according to the present invention, ethanol, methanol, glycol, any other alcohol with a low freezing temperature, liquid stable hydrocarbons or water are preferably used. Glycol is most preferably used. As the liquid is almost incompressible, the pressure effects with regard to the liquid will be almost negligible, and very good control can be achieved when loading and unloading a pressure vessel.

Fortrinnsvis omfatter både transportenheten, lagringsenheten og distribusjonsenheten flere enn én tank, fortrinnsvis mange tanker uten noen bestemt øvre grense for antallet tanker, forutsatt at det kan dannes lukkede sløyfer med gjensidig tilnærmet likt volum mellom enkelttanker eller grupper av tanker i fluidkommunikasjon, mest foretrukket lukkede sløyfer med gjensidig likt volum mellom enkelttanker eller grupper av tanker i fluidkommunikasjon. Således kan to grupper av tanker være i fluidkommunikasjon med hverandre i en lukket sløyfe. Det er altså ingen bestemt øvre grense for antallet tanker i en enhet. Et typisk eksempel på antall tanker for eksempel i lagringsenheten er 160. Preferably, both the transport unit, the storage unit and the distribution unit comprise more than one tank, preferably many tanks without any specific upper limit for the number of tanks, provided that closed loops of mutually approximately equal volume can be formed between individual tanks or groups of tanks in fluid communication, most preferably closed loops with mutually equal volume between individual tanks or groups of tanks in fluid communication. Thus, two groups of tanks can be in fluid communication with each other in a closed loop. There is therefore no fixed upper limit for the number of tanks in a unit. A typical example of the number of tanks, for example, in the storage unit is 160.

Med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er det mest foretrukket både likt volum og likt trykk i tankene eller gruppene av tanker i fluidkommunikasjon. Derved oppnås det at kravene til pumping av væske under trykk blir lavest, idet tilnærmet kun friksjonstrykkfallet må overvinnes ved pumpingen. Ved ulike trykk og/eller volum må pumpingen kompensere for trykkforskjellen og/eller det oppstår temperatureffekter av tidligere omtalt type. Under åpen fluidkommunikasjon i en lukket sløyfe vil det innstilles et likevektstrykk mellom tankene i sløyfen. Imidlertid må en pumpe påføre et marginalt tilleggstrykk i væsken for å oppnå den ønskede strømning i sløyfen. Med marginalt trykk menes pumpens differansetrykk, hvilket fortrinnsvis velges til 0,1-5 bar, mest foretrukket 0,2 - 3 bar. Enhver pumpe som kan utføre den ønskede funksjon med hensyn til differansetrykk og strømningsmengde er anvendbar. With the present invention, it is most preferred to have equal volume and equal pressure in the tanks or groups of tanks in fluid communication. Thereby, it is achieved that the requirements for pumping liquid under pressure are the lowest, since almost only the frictional pressure drop must be overcome during pumping. At different pressures and/or volumes, the pumping must compensate for the pressure difference and/or temperature effects of the previously mentioned type occur. During open fluid communication in a closed loop, an equilibrium pressure will be set between the tanks in the loop. However, a pump must apply a marginal additional pressure to the fluid to achieve the desired flow in the loop. By marginal pressure is meant the pump's differential pressure, which is preferably chosen to be 0.1-5 bar, most preferably 0.2 - 3 bar. Any pump that can perform the desired function with respect to differential pressure and flow rate is applicable.

En typisk transportenhet for bruk i systemet og fremgangsmåten ifølge oppfinnelsen er et marint transportskip med lastevolum på eksempelvis 30000 m . Mange ulike konsept for fartøyer og transport er mulige, hvorav de tre mest foretrukne er illustrert på Figurene 1 til 3. På Figur 1 vises et konsept med lange, horisontale rør av stor diameter (eksempelvis 48 ") anordnet lagvis. På Figur 2 er det såkalte "Coselle"-konseptet illustrert, hvilket er et patentert konsept for transport til havs av CNG i flere store kveiler av relativt små rør. På Figur 3 illustreres korte, vertikale beholdere fremstilt av stålrør av kommersiell type (eksempelvis 48 "). A typical transport unit for use in the system and method according to the invention is a marine transport ship with a cargo volume of, for example, 30,000 m. Many different concepts for vessels and transport are possible, of which the three most preferred are illustrated in Figures 1 to 3. Figure 1 shows a concept of long, horizontal pipes of large diameter (for example 48") arranged in layers. In Figure 2 there is the so-called "Coselle" concept illustrated, which is a patented concept for sea transport of CNG in several large coils of relatively small pipes. Figure 3 illustrates short, vertical containers made of commercial-type steel pipes (for example 48").

Lagringsenheten ifølge oppfinnelsen omfatter fortrinnsvis mange rørseksjoner anordnet parallelt og med en liten helning mot horisontalen, med adkomstmulighet til rørseksjonenes ender, idet rørseksjonene er seksjoner av kommersielt tilgjengelige stålrør. Stålrørene for lagring av CNG ved eksempelvis 200 barg kan være av type og kvalitet tilsvarende som for undervannsrørledninger for tilsvarende trykk, idet flere rør installeres sammen og utgjør en "bank" av rørsegmenter. En typisk rørdiameter kan være 48 " og en typisk lengde 100-400 m. Helningsvinkelen mot horisontalen er fortrinnsvis 2° til 4°. I Tabell 1 oppsummeres noen typiske verdier for tilfellet med en lagringsenhet på 30000 m<3>. The storage unit according to the invention preferably comprises many pipe sections arranged in parallel and with a slight inclination towards the horizontal, with access to the ends of the pipe sections, the pipe sections being sections of commercially available steel pipes. The steel pipes for storing CNG at, for example, 200 barg can be of a type and quality similar to that of underwater pipelines for similar pressure, as several pipes are installed together and form a "bank" of pipe segments. A typical pipe diameter can be 48" and a typical length 100-400 m. The angle of inclination to the horizontal is preferably 2° to 4°. Table 1 summarizes some typical values for the case of a storage unit of 30,000 m<3>.

Rørene kan installeres under bakken, eksempelvis under en voll. Rørendene må være tilgjengelige for gasstilkoblinger og inspeksjon av reservoaret. Figurene 11 og 12 illustrerer lagringsenheten. The pipes can be installed underground, for example under an embankment. The pipe ends must be accessible for gas connections and inspection of the reservoir. Figures 11 and 12 illustrate the storage unit.

Ettersom en spesifikk del av lagringsenheten blir lastet med gass, vil gassen erstatte væske som strømmer fra en spesifikk del av lagringsenheten til transportenhetens lagringsbeholdere i fluid kommunikasjon, hvorved gassen som losses fortrenges til lagringsenheten. Strømningen foregår i en lukket sløyfe med utskifting av gass og væske ved et konstant, høyt trykk, og kun en liten trykkforskjell er nødvendig for å overvinne friksjonstrykkfallet. Etter lasting av den første del (tank eller gruppe av tanker) i lagringsenheten forefinnes væsken i den første del i transpotrenheten. Denne væske flyttes nå til den neste lagringstank og lossingen fortsettes. As a specific part of the storage unit is loaded with gas, the gas will replace liquid flowing from a specific part of the storage unit to the transport unit's storage containers in fluid communication, whereby the gas being unloaded is displaced to the storage unit. The flow takes place in a closed loop with exchange of gas and liquid at a constant, high pressure, and only a small pressure difference is necessary to overcome the frictional pressure drop. After loading the first part (tank or group of tanks) in the storage unit, the liquid in the first part is found in the transport unit. This liquid is now moved to the next storage tank and unloading continues.

Et grunnleggende trekk ved oppfinnelsen er oppdelingen eller segmenteringen av både transportenhetens tanker og lagringsenhetens tanker. Begge enheter kan omfatte mange trykkbeholdere fremstilt av kommersielt tilgjengelige stålrør som kan være koblet sammen i grupper. Transportenhetens enkelte tanker eller grupper av tanker skal mest foretrukket ha samme volum som lagringsenhetens enkelte tanker eller grupper av tanker. Under utskiftingen av gass er det kun behov for en mindre mengde væske tilsvarende segmentets eller tankens volum. A fundamental feature of the invention is the division or segmentation of both the transport unit's tanks and the storage unit's tanks. Both units may comprise many pressure vessels made from commercially available steel pipes which may be connected together in groups. The transport unit's individual tanks or groups of tanks should most preferably have the same volume as the storage unit's individual tanks or groups of tanks. During the replacement of gas, only a small amount of liquid corresponding to the segment's or tank's volume is needed.

Lossing fra en transportenhet til lagringsenheten blir nærmere forklart nedenfor, med henvisning til Figurene 4 til 9. 1. Transportenheten er fullt lastet og klar for lossing. Væske pumpes fra transportenhetens lagertank til det første segment (en tank eller en gruppe av tanker) i lagringsenheten. Se Figur 4. 2. Gasstilkoblingen åpnes og det første trykksegment (gruppe av trykktanker) i fartøyet kobles til det første segment i lagringsenheten. Et lite trykkfall vil finne sted ettersom dette er det første segment som skal fylles, og gasstransportinnretningene må settes under trykk. Systemet er nå en lukket sløyfe ved tilnærmet samme trykk som det opprinnelige transporttrykk, og pumpen kan bevege væsken fra lagringsenheten til transportenheten. Til samme tid vil gassen fortrenges fra transportenheten, gjennom gasstransportinnretningene, til lagringsenheten. Kun en liten trykkforhøyelse i væsken er nødvendig for å overvinne friksjonstrykkfallet. Se Figur 5. 3. Når lossingen av det aktuelle segment er fullført, og segmentet er fylt med væske, blir gasstilkoblingen stengt, og en marginal, men resterende mengde av gass i segmentet kan ekspandere og fortrenge væsken til det neste segment i lagringsenheten. Se Figurene 6 og 7. 4. Det andre segment i lagringsenheten er nå klar for lasting, og sekvensen fortsettes inntil hele transportenheten er tømt. Se Figurene 8 og 9. Unloading from a transport unit to the storage unit is explained in more detail below, with reference to Figures 4 to 9. 1. The transport unit is fully loaded and ready for unloading. Liquid is pumped from the transport unit's storage tank to the first segment (a tank or a group of tanks) in the storage unit. See Figure 4. 2. The gas connection is opened and the first pressure segment (group of pressure tanks) in the vessel is connected to the first segment in the storage unit. A small pressure drop will occur as this is the first segment to be filled and the gas transport devices must be pressurized. The system is now a closed loop at approximately the same pressure as the original transport pressure, and the pump can move the liquid from the storage unit to the transport unit. At the same time, the gas will be displaced from the transport unit, through the gas transport devices, to the storage unit. Only a small pressure increase in the liquid is necessary to overcome the frictional pressure drop. See Figure 5. 3. When the unloading of the relevant segment is complete, and the segment is filled with liquid, the gas connection is closed, and a marginal but remaining amount of gas in the segment can expand and displace the liquid to the next segment in the storage unit. See Figures 6 and 7. 4. The second segment in the storage unit is now ready for loading, and the sequence continues until the entire transport unit is emptied. See Figures 8 and 9.

Konseptet for distribusjonsenheten muliggjør kontinuerlig distribusjon av gass ved ulike trykk, til for eksempel høytrykks rørledninger og tankbiler, mellomtrykks rørledninger og lavtrykks gassnettverk. Det henvises til figurene 12 og 13. Med høyt trykk menes typisk 175 - 200 bara. Med mellomtrykk menes typisk 100-175 bara, og med lavt trykk menes typisk 10 - 100 bara. De nevnte trykkgrenser kan avvikes fritt, og med oppfinnelsen er det i prinsippet ingen begrensninger vedrørende hvor høyt trykk som kan benyttes, forutsatt at tanker og annet utstyr i egnet trykklasse kan tilveiebringes og oppfinnelsens særpreg ivaretas. The concept for the distribution unit enables continuous distribution of gas at different pressures, for example to high-pressure pipelines and tankers, medium-pressure pipelines and low-pressure gas networks. Reference is made to figures 12 and 13. High pressure typically means 175 - 200 bara. Medium pressure typically means 100-175 bara, and low pressure typically means 10 - 100 bara. The mentioned pressure limits can be deviated freely, and with the invention there are in principle no restrictions regarding how high a pressure can be used, provided that tanks and other equipment in a suitable pressure class can be provided and the distinctive features of the invention are safeguarded.

Distribusjonsenheten kan omfatte mange tanker for CNG i hvert trykkområde, fortrinnsvis tanker av tilsvarende type som i lagringsenheten, slik at lasting fra lagringsenheten kan foregå enkelt og ensartet. Tankene kan være i form av rørseksjoner montert med en liten vinkel (2° - 4°) mot horisontalen for å drenere væsken som benyttes under lastesekvensen. Dette gir mulighet til å levere naturgass ved høyt trykk til enhver tid. Dersom lastetrykket er 200 barg, kan én enkelt tank levere gass ved nærliggende trykk i kun en kort tidsperiode. Dersom lagringsenheten omfatter mange HP-tanker, kan én enkelt tank levere HP-gass inntil tanktrykket faller mot en grense for mottagende enhet. Deretter kan en ny tank ta over og den første tank kan benyttes til levering av MP-naturgass og deretter til levering av LP-naturgass. Følgelig kan distribusjonsenheten optimaliseres for den nødvendige levering, uavhengig av om dette er ved HP, MP eller The distribution unit can include many tanks for CNG in each pressure range, preferably tanks of the same type as in the storage unit, so that loading from the storage unit can take place easily and uniformly. The tanks can be in the form of pipe sections mounted at a small angle (2° - 4°) to the horizontal to drain the liquid used during the loading sequence. This makes it possible to supply natural gas at high pressure at all times. If the cargo pressure is 200 barg, a single tank can deliver gas at close pressure for only a short period of time. If the storage unit comprises many HP tanks, a single tank can supply HP gas until the tank pressure falls towards a receiving unit limit. A new tank can then take over and the first tank can be used for the delivery of MP natural gas and then for the delivery of LP natural gas. Consequently, the distribution unit can be optimized for the required delivery, regardless of whether this is at HP, MP or

LP. LP.

Ved fluidkommunikasjon mellom ulike volumer eller mellom fluider ved ulike trykk, kan den ytterligere lagringstank for væske kobles inn for å levere eller motta væske etter behov for å unngå eller dempe de tidligere nevnte temperatureffekter. Ved å unngå betydelig kompresjon eller ekspansjon av gassfasen i fluidkommunikasjon unngås de tidligere nevnte betydelige temperatureffekter. In case of fluid communication between different volumes or between fluids at different pressures, the additional storage tank for liquid can be connected to deliver or receive liquid as needed to avoid or mitigate the previously mentioned temperature effects. By avoiding significant compression or expansion of the gas phase in fluid communication, the previously mentioned significant temperature effects are avoided.

Den seksjonerte transport, lagring og distribusjon i henhold til oppfinnelsen, for komprimert naturgass ved et trykk som kan være over 200 barg og ved omgivelsestemperatur, medfører mange fordeler, hvorav de viktigste er: The sectioned transport, storage and distribution according to the invention, for compressed natural gas at a pressure which can be over 200 barg and at ambient temperature, entails many advantages, the most important of which are:

• Et enkelt, rimelig konsept sammenlignet med et LNG-fordampningsanlegg. • A simple, low-cost concept compared to an LNG vaporization plant.

• En kompakt lagringsenhet sammenlignet med et tradisjonelt undergrunnsanlegg. • A compact storage unit compared to a traditional underground facility.

• Et konsept som kan benyttes for små eller store volumer. • A concept that can be used for small or large volumes.

• Lett tilkomst til enhver del av lagringsenheten under normal drift ved behov for vedlikehold eller inspeksjon. • Easy access to any part of the storage unit during normal operation when maintenance or inspection is required.

• Grunnlag for regional distribusjon. • Basis for regional distribution.

• Kontinuerlig kilde til HP-gass. • Continuous source of HP gas.

• Lasting av CNG-tanker for regional og lokal transport på vei og på bane eller tog. • Loading of CNG tanks for regional and local transport by road and rail or train.

• Gassnettverk for levering av gass ved HP, MP og LP kan kobles til. • Gas network for the supply of gas at HP, MP and LP can be connected.

• Ikke behov for oppvarming under lossing til lagringsenheten fra et marint fartøy. • Med oppfinnelsen er det mulig å levere gass fra et fjernliggende gassfelt til systemets lagringsenhet og distribusjonsenhet, og dette er spesielt fordelaktig hvis produksjonen fra gassfeltet er for liten til et LNG-anlegg eller en rørledning. • No need for heating during unloading to the storage unit from a marine vessel. • With the invention, it is possible to deliver gas from a remote gas field to the system's storage unit and distribution unit, and this is particularly advantageous if the production from the gas field is too small for an LNG plant or a pipeline.

Claims (5)

1. System for transport og lagring av komprimert naturgass (CNG) under høyt trykk (HP), og distribusjon av nevnte naturgass ved høyt trykk (HP), mellomtrykk (MP) og lavt trykk (LP), hvilket system omfatter: i) transportenheter med én eller flere tanker for lasting og transport av HP CNG og utrustning for å laste, transportere internt i transportenheten og losse HP CNG og væske under høyt trykk, ii) en lagringsenhet med én eller flere tanker for lagring av HP CNG og utrustning for å laste, transportere internt i lagringsenheten og losse HP CNG og væske under høyt trykk, og en lagringstank for væske som kan leveres ved HP, MP og LP, og iii) en distribusjonsenhet omfattende én eller flere tanker for HP CNG, én eller flere tanker for MP CNG og én eller flere tanker for LP CNG, hvilke tanker er koblet for distribusjon til brukere av hhv. HP CNG, MP CNG og LP CNG, og utrustning for å laste HP CNG og transportere internt i distribusjonsenheten HP CNG, MP CNG, LP CNG og væske, og utrustning for fluidkommunikasjon med lagringstanken for væske, og eventuelle tanker for CNG i ytterligere trykkområder og med utrustning for fluidkommunikasjon, karakterisert ved at systemets utforming er slik at det under fluidkommunikasjon til eller mellom systemets enheter eller internt mellom tanker i den enkelte enhet danner en lukket sløyfe hvor gass under spesifikt trykk transporteres fra en eller flere første tanker til en eller flere andre tanker mens væske under samme trykk som gassen eller marginalt høyere trykk transporteres fra de en eller flere andre tanker til de en eller flere første tanker, idet volumet i de en eller flere første tanker er tilnærmet likt volumet i de en eller flere andre tanker, slik at lastutskifting kan foregå med en enkel pumpe kapabel til å pumpe væsken og fortrenge gassen internt i den lukkede sløyfe, slik at lastskifte oppnås ved bruk av et relativt lite væskevolum, likt med nevnte volum i de en eller flere første tanker eller de en eller flere andre tanker.1. System for the transport and storage of compressed natural gas (CNG) under high pressure (HP), and the distribution of said natural gas at high pressure (HP), medium pressure (MP) and low pressure (LP), which system includes: i) transport units with one or more tanks for loading and transporting HP CNG and equipment for loading, transporting internally in the transport unit and unloading HP CNG and liquid under high pressure, ii) a storage unit with one or more tanks for storing HP CNG and equipment for load, transport internally within the storage unit and unload HP CNG and liquid under high pressure, and a storage tank for liquid deliverable at HP, MP and LP, and iii) a distribution unit comprising one or more tanks for HP CNG, one or more tanks for MP CNG and one or more tanks for LP CNG, which tanks are connected for distribution to users of the respective HP CNG, MP CNG and LP CNG, and equipment for loading HP CNG and transporting internally in the distribution unit HP CNG, MP CNG, LP CNG and liquid, and equipment for fluid communication with the storage tank for liquid, and any tanks for CNG in additional pressure areas and with equipment for fluid communication, characterized in that the design of the system is such that during fluid communication to or between the system's units or internally between tanks in the individual unit, a closed loop is formed where gas under specific pressure is transported from one or more first tanks to one or more other tanks while liquid under the same pressure at which the gas or marginally higher pressure is transported from the one or more other tanks to the one or more first tanks, the volume in the one or more first tanks being approximately equal to the volume in the one or more other tanks, so that load change can take place with a simple pump capable of pumping the liquid and displacing the gas internally in the closed loop, so that load change is achieved using a relatively small volume of liquid, equal to said volume in the one or more first tanks or the one or several other thoughts. 2. System ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at som væske under høyt trykk anvendes glykol.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that glycol is used as liquid under high pressure. 3. System ifølge krav 1 eller 2, karakterisert ved at både transportenheten, lagringsenheten og distribusjonsenheten omfatter flere enn én tank, fortrinnsvis mange tanker uten noen bestemt øvre grense for antallet tanker, forutsatt at det kan dannes lukkede sløyfer med gjensidig tilnærmet likt volum mellom enkelttanker eller grupper av tanker i fluidkommunikasjon, mest foretrukket lukkede sløyfer med gjensidig nøyaktig likt volum mellom enkelttanker eller grupper av tanker i fluidkommunikasjon.3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that both the transport unit, the storage unit and the distribution unit comprise more than one tank, preferably many tanks without any specific upper limit for the number of tanks, provided that closed loops of mutually approximately equal volume can be formed between individual tanks or groups of tanks in fluid communication, most preferably closed loops with mutually exactly equal volume between individual tanks or groups of tanks in fluid communication. 4. System ifølge krav 1,2 eller 3, karakterisert ved at lagringsenheten omfatter mange rørseksjoner anordnet parallelt og med en liten helning mot horisontalen, med adkomstmulighet til rørseksjonenes ender, idet rørseksjonene er seksjoner av kommersielt tilgjengelige stålrør.4. System according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the storage unit comprises many pipe sections arranged in parallel and with a slight inclination towards the horizontal, with access to the ends of the pipe sections, the pipe sections being sections of commercially available steel pipes. 5. Fremgangsmåte for transport og lagring av komprimert naturgass (CNG) under høyt trykk (HP), og distribusjon av den lagrede komprimerte naturgass ved høyt trykk (HP), mellomtrykk (MP) og lavt trykk (LP), hvorved det gjøres bruk av systemet ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved å danne en lukket sløyfe ved fluidkommunikasjon til eller mellom systemets enheter eller internt mellom tanker i én enhet, i hvilken sløyfe gass under spesifikt trykk transporteres fra en eller flere første tanker til en eller flere andre tanker mens væske under samme trykk som gassen eller marginalt høyere trykk transporteres fra de en eller flere andre tanker til de en eller flere første tanker, hvorved volumet i de en eller flere første tanker er tilnærmet likt, mest foretrukket nøyaktig likt, volumet i de en eller flere andre tanker.5. Procedure for transporting and storing compressed natural gas (CNG) under high pressure (HP), and distributing the stored compressed natural gas at high pressure (HP), medium pressure (MP) and low pressure (LP), whereby use is made of the system according to claim 1, characterized by forming a closed loop by fluid communication to or between the units of the system or internally between tanks in one unit, in which loop gas under specific pressure is transported from one or more first tanks to one or more other tanks while liquid under the same pressure as the gas or marginally higher pressure is transported from the one or more second tanks to the one or more first tanks, whereby the volume in the one or more first tanks is approximately equal, most preferably exactly equal, to the volume in the one or more other tanks.
NO20013394A 2001-07-09 2001-07-09 System and method for transporting and storing compressed natural gas NO315723B1 (en)

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US8375876B2 (en) * 2010-12-04 2013-02-19 Argent Marine Management, Inc. System and method for containerized transport of liquids by marine vessel
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EP2650585A1 (en) * 2012-04-11 2013-10-16 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG Pressure storage assembly
EP2650586B1 (en) 2012-04-11 2015-02-25 Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik AG & Co KG Pressure storage assembly with a connection device
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