NO130740B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO130740B NO130740B NO03893/72A NO389372A NO130740B NO 130740 B NO130740 B NO 130740B NO 03893/72 A NO03893/72 A NO 03893/72A NO 389372 A NO389372 A NO 389372A NO 130740 B NO130740 B NO 130740B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- storage container
- heat transfer
- transfer medium
- medium
- temperature
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001282 iso-butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/004—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
- B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
- B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
- B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
- B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
- B63J2/14—Heating; Cooling of liquid-freight-carrying tanks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
- F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
- F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
- F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
- F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
- F17C2250/0605—Parameters
- F17C2250/0631—Temperature
Description
Fremgangsmåte og system for opp-Procedure and system for up-
varmning av en beholder for kryogene væsker. heating a container for cryogenic liquids.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår oppvarmningssystemer for isolerte lagringsbeholdere for kryogene væsker efter at væs-kene er tappet ut. The present invention relates to heating systems for insulated storage containers for cryogenic liquids after the liquids have been drained.
Oppfinnelsen kan f.eks. anvendes i tankskip forsynt med isolerte lagertanker, beregnet for transport av kryogene væsker som f.eks. kolde flytendegjorte gasser, f.eks. petroleums-gasser som propan eller butan, eller flytendegjort naturgass (LNG). Ved slik transport er det av stor økonomisk betydning at skipenes liggetid i havnene reduseres til et minimum og fra tid til annen f.eks. for vedlikehold, er det nødvendig å varme opp tankene til omgivelsenes temperatur. Det er derfor ønskelig å redusere den tid som går med til denne oppvarmning til et minimum. The invention can e.g. used in tankers equipped with insulated storage tanks, intended for the transport of cryogenic liquids such as cold liquefied gases, e.g. petroleum gases such as propane or butane, or liquefied natural gas (LNG). With such transport, it is of great economic importance that the ships' stay in the ports is reduced to a minimum and from time to time, e.g. for maintenance, it is necessary to heat the tanks to ambient temperature. It is therefore desirable to reduce the time required for this heating to a minimum.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter en fremgangsmåte ved oppvarmning av en isolert lagerbeholder for en kryogen væske efter at væsken er tappet ut av beholderen, innbefattende tilveiebringel- The invention comprises a method for heating an insulated storage container for a cryogenic liquid after the liquid has been drained from the container, including providing
se av en kilde for et varmeoverføringsmedium og fremføring av mediet til et rørsystem i lagerbeholderen,karakterisert vedsee of a source for a heat transfer medium and conveyance of the medium to a pipe system in the storage container, characterized by
a) bruk av et varmeoverføringsmedium som forblir i flytende tilstand ved et passende trykk over et temperaturområ- a) use of a heat transfer medium which remains in a liquid state at a suitable pressure over a temperature range;
de fra omgivelsens temperatur tilnærmet til kokepunktet for den kryogene væske; b) tilførsel av latent varme til varmeoverførings-mediet under fordampning av mediet ved forhøyet trykk, og those from the ambient temperature approximately to the boiling point of the cryogenic liquid; b) supply of latent heat to the heat transfer medium during vaporization of the medium at elevated pressure, and
c) innføring av det fordampete varmeoverføringsme -c) introduction of the evaporated heat transfer me -
dium ved sitt forhøyete trykk i lagerbeholderen for indirekte dium by its elevated pressure in the storage container for indirect
varmeveksling med kulden i denne beholder, hvilken varmeveksling bevirker at varmeoverføringsmediet kondenseres ved tilnærmet sam- heat exchange with the cold in this container, which heat exchange causes the heat transfer medium to condense by approxi-
me forhøyete trykk, hvilket trykk innstilles slik at det bidrar til å opprettholde strømmen av mediet gjennom lagerbeholderen. me elevated pressure, which pressure is set so as to help maintain the flow of the medium through the storage container.
Oppfinnelsen omfatter videre et oppvarmningssystemThe invention also includes a heating system
for en lagerbeholder for kryogene_væsker, omfattende en forråds-beholder for et varmeoverføringsmedium, pumper for tilførsel av varmeoverføringsmediet samt'et rørsystem anordnet i lagerbeholde- for a storage container for cryogenic liquids, comprising a storage container for a heat transfer medium, pumps for supplying the heat transfer medium as well as a piping system arranged in the storage container
ren for opptakelse av mediet,karakterisert vedat en fordamper er anordnet mellom pumpen og rørsystemet, at rørsystemet omfatter et indirekte varmevekslerelement, samt en returledning innkoblet direkte mellom varmevekslerelementet og beholderen, idet arrangementet virker slik at mediet i væskeform tilføres fordamperen, fordampes i denne ved et høyere trykk og deretter føres til lagerbeholderen for indirekte varmeveksling med denne. clean for absorbing the medium, characterized in that an evaporator is arranged between the pump and the pipe system, that the pipe system includes an indirect heat exchanger element, as well as a return line connected directly between the heat exchanger element and the container, as the arrangement works so that the medium in liquid form is supplied to the evaporator, vaporized in it by a higher pressure and then fed to the storage vessel for indirect heat exchange with it.
For LNG kan varmeoverføringsmediet hensiktsmessigFor LNG, the heat transfer medium can be appropriate
være en petroleumhydrokarbon som propan, isobutan, isopentan, propylen, 1-buten eller 1-penten eller en fluorert hydrokarbon som mono-klordifluormetan eller diklordifluormetan, selv om det fortrinnsvis anvendes isopentan. be a petroleum hydrocarbon such as propane, isobutane, isopentane, propylene, 1-butene or 1-pentene or a fluorinated hydrocarbon such as monochlorodifluoromethane or dichlorodifluoromethane, although isopentane is preferably used.
For at oppfinnelsen lettere skal forståes, skal en fremgangsmåte og et system ifølge oppfinnelsen egnet til bruk i en tankbåt utstyrt med et antall lagertanker for LNG, beskrives i det følgende under henvisning til tegningene som viser et prosessdiagram for systemet. In order for the invention to be more easily understood, a method and a system according to the invention suitable for use in a tanker equipped with a number of storage tanks for LNG shall be described in the following with reference to the drawings showing a process diagram for the system.
Isopentan lagres ved omgivelsenes temperatur og at-mosfærisk trykk i en forråds-beholder 1 og mates efter behov til en beholder 3 via en sluséventil 2 og en tilbakeslagsventil 2a. Beholderen 3 er forbundet med varmeveksleren 4 via en ledning 5 Isopentane is stored at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure in a storage container 1 and fed as needed to a container 3 via a sluice valve 2 and a non-return valve 2a. The container 3 is connected to the heat exchanger 4 via a line 5
i hvilken der er anordnet en sluséventil 6 ved utløpet fra beholderen,, et par pumper 7.anordnet i parallell og hver forsynt med innløps- og utløpsventiler henholdsvis 7a og 7b som er forbundet med pumpene hvorunder en pumpe kan virke som en stand-by pumpe mens den annen er i drift, og en ytterligere sluséventil 8 er anordnet ved innløpet til varmeveksleren.Ledningen 5 omfatter vi- in which there is arranged a sluice valve 6 at the outlet from the container, a pair of pumps 7 arranged in parallel and each provided with inlet and outlet valves respectively 7a and 7b which are connected to the pumps under which one pump can act as a stand-by pump while the other is in operation, and a further sluice valve 8 is arranged at the inlet to the heat exchanger. Line 5 comprises vi-
dere en del 5a som er ført i parallell med pumpene 7, hvilken del omfatter en kuleventil 5b. Varmeveksleren 4 har en forbindelse fra en dampledning 9 via en reguleringsventil 10, og anordningen av varmeveksleren er slik at damp tilføres til varmeveksleren og danner en kilde for indirekte oppvarmning av det flytende isopen- you a part 5a which is led in parallel with the pumps 7, which part comprises a ball valve 5b. The heat exchanger 4 has a connection from a steam line 9 via a control valve 10, and the arrangement of the heat exchanger is such that steam is supplied to the heat exchanger and forms a source for indirect heating of the liquid isopen-
tan som passerer gjennom varmeveksleren. Kondensert damp føres fra varmeveksleren via utløpsledningen 9a. Isopentanet som fordamper i varmeveksleren 4, tilføres fra toppen av denne via en utløpsledning 11 gjennom en sluséventil 13 til en dampkledning 16 tan passing through the heat exchanger. Condensed steam is led from the heat exchanger via outlet line 9a. The isopentane that evaporates in the heat exchanger 4 is supplied from the top of this via an outlet line 11 through a sluice valve 13 to a steam lining 16
fra hvilken damp tilføres til hver enkelt av lagertankene 17 for LNG. Isopentanet i dampledningen 16 holdes ved et innstillet trykk og temperatur idet temperaturreguleringen omfatter reguleringsventi- from which steam is supplied to each of the storage tanks 17 for LNG. The isopentane in the steam line 16 is kept at a set pressure and temperature, as the temperature control includes control valves
len 10 i ledningen 9, som er tilknyttet til en temperaturregulator 15 som er anordnet i ledningen 11. len 10 in the line 9, which is connected to a temperature regulator 15 which is arranged in the line 11.
På tegningen er en av lagertankene 17 for LNG vist i forstørret målestokk i diagrammet, og det vil sees at ved denne ut-•førelsesform omfatter hver tank to separate varmevekslerkveiler 18 In the drawing, one of the storage tanks 17 for LNG is shown on an enlarged scale in the diagram, and it will be seen that in this embodiment each tank includes two separate heat exchanger coils 18
og 19 som tilføres varmevekslermedium gjennom innløpsledningene henholdsvis 21 og 22, en sluséventil 23 er anordnet for hver inn-løpsledning. Kveilene 18 og 19 er fortrinnsvis utført i form av et stort antall aluminiumrør forsynt med ribber eller finner. Ut-løpene fra kveilene 18 og 19 er ført til en felles ledning 24 og derfra via en sluséventil 25 til en væskeledning 26 for retur til forrådsbeholderen 3 og er forbundet med lagertanken 1 via en sluséventil 28 og kontrollglasset 29; lagertanken er forsynt med en nitrogenventil 30 og en avlastningsventil 31. En returledning 32 and 19 which are supplied with heat exchanger medium through the inlet lines 21 and 22 respectively, a sluice valve 23 is arranged for each inlet line. The coils 18 and 19 are preferably made in the form of a large number of aluminum tubes provided with ribs or fins. The outlets from the coils 18 and 19 are led to a common line 24 and from there via a sluice valve 25 to a liquid line 26 for return to the storage container 3 and are connected to the storage tank 1 via a sluice valve 28 and the control glass 29; the storage tank is equipped with a nitrogen valve 30 and a relief valve 31. A return line 32
er anordnet mellom forrådsbeholderen 3 og lagertanken 1, hvilken ledning er forsynt med en reguleringsventil 33 som er tilknyttet til en nivåregulator 34 for forrådsbeholderen, for å skaffe kom-pensering for enhver volumøkning av isopentanet når temperaturen heves under driften. Nivåregulatoren 34 er videre tilknyttet til is arranged between the storage container 3 and the storage tank 1, which line is provided with a control valve 33 which is connected to a level regulator 34 for the storage container, to provide compensation for any increase in volume of the isopentane when the temperature is raised during operation. The level regulator 34 is further connected to
en utkoblingsinnretning 34a for utkobling av pumpen når nivået synker under en viss grense. Ledning 32 omfatter en kjøler 35 som anvender sjøvann som kjølemedium. a disconnection device 34a for disconnecting the pump when the level drops below a certain limit. Line 32 comprises a cooler 35 which uses seawater as a cooling medium.
En reguleringsventil 36 er anordnet i ledningen 5 mellom pumpene 7 og sluseventilen 8 som er tilknyttet til en temperaturdifferensialregulator 37 anordnet mellom ledningene 16 og 26, og en videre reguleringsventil 38 er anordnet i en forbipassasje 39 som forbinder dampledningen med ledningen 27, hvilken reguleringsventil er tilknyttet til en temperaturregulator 41 anordnet i ledningen 27. A control valve 36 is arranged in the line 5 between the pumps 7 and the gate valve 8 which is connected to a temperature differential regulator 37 arranged between the lines 16 and 26, and a further control valve 38 is arranged in a bypass 39 which connects the steam line with the line 27, which control valve is connected to a temperature regulator 41 arranged in the line 27.
Virkemåten av oppvarmningssysternet når lagertankene 17 er kalde og inneholder en liten mengde LNG og systemet står under trykk med nitrogen og alle ventiler er lukket, er følgende; The operation of the heating system when the storage tanks 17 are cold and contain a small amount of LNG and the system is pressurized with nitrogen and all valves are closed is as follows;
1)Ventilene 2 og 28 åpnes ferdig til å fylle forrådsbeholderen 3 med isopentan ved omgivelsenes temperatur. 2) Ventilene 6 og 8 åpnes, og likeledes ventilene 7a, 7b for en av pumpene 7 for starting av pumpen, fylling av varmeveksleren 4 og forrådsbeholderen 3 med isopentan. ventilen 2 stenges. 3) Temperaturregulatoren innstilles på et forholdsvis lavt nivå, f.eks. 82°C, og regulatoren 15 for regulering av dampstrømmen slik at det frembringer isopentandamp ved et trykk på 3,5 kg pr. cm 2. Ventilen 13 åpnes og alle damp- og væskeventilene 23, 25 til og fra tankkveilene 18 og 19. Nitrogen fortrenges nå av isopentandampen til toppen av lagerbeholderen 1, og derefter til atmosfæren via ventilen 30. 4) Steng ventilen 28 når flytende isopentan kommer til syne i siktglasset 29. 5) Når temperaturen i beholderen 3 stabiliseres, arbei-der systemet normalt. Temperaturen av systemet kan derefter innstilles gradvis til maksimalt 160°C, 2 svarende til et trykk pa omkring 20,4 kg pr. cm ved passende innstilling av temperaturregulatoren 15 som styrer reguleringsventilen 10. Dampventilene 23 kan derefter innstilles for regulering av opp-varmningshastigheten av tankene 17. 6) Når oppvarmningen er avsluttet, stoppes pumpen 7 og . dampen i ledningen 9 stenges av. Videre stenges væskeventilen 25 og dampventilene 23 til hver av tankene- 17 og ventilen 13 for å tillate systemet å kjøles ned. 7) Fyll systemet med nitrogen. Dette oppnås ved til-førsel av nitrogen under trykk i og gjennom systemet ved ventilregulerte uttapriingspunkter, f.eks. ved de stillinger som er antydet med pilene merket N2. 8) Temperaturregulatoren 15 settes ut av funksjon og 1) The valves 2 and 28 are fully opened to fill the storage container 3 with isopentane at the ambient temperature. 2) The valves 6 and 8 are opened, and likewise the valves 7a, 7b for one of the pumps 7 for starting the pump, filling the heat exchanger 4 and the storage container 3 with isopentane. valve 2 is closed. 3) The temperature regulator is set to a relatively low level, e.g. 82°C, and the regulator 15 for regulating the steam flow so that it produces isopentane steam at a pressure of 3.5 kg per cm 2. Valve 13 is opened and all steam and liquid valves 23, 25 to and from tank coils 18 and 19. Nitrogen is now displaced by the isopentane vapor to the top of storage container 1, and then to the atmosphere via valve 30. 4) Close valve 28 when liquid isopentane becomes visible in the sight glass 29. 5) When the temperature in the container 3 stabilizes, the system works normally. The temperature of the system can then be set gradually to a maximum of 160°C, 2 corresponding to a pressure of around 20.4 kg per cm by suitable setting of the temperature regulator 15 which controls the control valve 10. The steam valves 23 can then be set to regulate the heating rate of the tanks 17. 6) When the heating is finished, the pump 7 is stopped and . the steam in line 9 is shut off. Furthermore, the liquid valve 25 and vapor valves 23 to each of the tanks 17 and the valve 13 are closed to allow the system to cool down. 7) Fill the system with nitrogen. This is achieved by supplying nitrogen under pressure in and through the system at valve-regulated discharge points, e.g. at the positions indicated by the arrows marked N2. 8) The temperature regulator 15 is put out of action and
dampkondensatet tappes ut gjennom ledningen 9a, Ventilen 36 som styres av temperaturdifferensialregu-latoren 37, tjener til å opprettholde den minimale underkjøling av isopentanet som passerer gjennom lagertankene 17 som er nødvendige for å undertrykke bråfordampning i ledningene med flytende isopentan, mens ventilen 38 i forbipassasjen 39 tjener til å hindre at temperaturen faller under den minimale temperatur som forrådsbeholderen 3 og pumpene 7 er konstruert for. - the steam condensate is drained through line 9a. Valve 36, which is controlled by temperature differential regulator 37, serves to maintain the minimal subcooling of the isopentane passing through the storage tanks 17 which is necessary to suppress flash evaporation in the lines with liquid isopentane, while valve 38 in bypass 39 serves to prevent the temperature falling below the minimum temperature for which the storage container 3 and the pumps 7 are designed. -
Fremgangsmåten og systemet som er beskrevet ovenfor, representerer et alternativ til.det for tiden anvendte system.for oppvarmning av LNG tankskip. Dette kjente system går ut på å sirkulere varm metangass gjennom lagertankene for direkte varmeveksling med disse via egnede kompressorer og varmevekslere. ulem-pene ved dette system er: 1) Det trenges store kompressorer og ledninger med stor diameter for å skaffe en tilstrekkelig massestrøm gjennom tankene, og 2) for store tanker, f.eks. av en størrelsesorden på 120 000 m 3 eller mer, vil man nå den praktiske grense for oppvarmning av tankene, og denne grense vil være av en størrelsesorden på to dager eller mer. Den begrensende faktor i dette tilfelle er stør-relsen av lett tilgjengelige kompressorer som er egnet for installasjon om bord. på et slikt tank skip. For et tankvolum på 120 000 m 3 vil det trenges en strøm på omkring 1000 m^ pr. minutt for opp varmning i løpet av to dager, og den maksimale størrelse av kompressorer som for tiden er til gjengelige på markedet, er på omkring 560 m<3>pr. minutt. Det vil derfor trenges to kompressorer, The method and system described above represent an alternative to the currently used system for heating LNG tankers. This known system involves circulating hot methane gas through the storage tanks for direct heat exchange with these via suitable compressors and heat exchangers. The disadvantages of this system are: 1) Large compressors and large diameter lines are needed to provide a sufficient mass flow through the tanks, and 2) too large tanks, e.g. of the order of 120,000 m 3 or more, the practical limit for heating the tanks will be reached, and this limit will be of the order of two days or more. The limiting factor in this case is the size of easily accessible compressors suitable for installation on board. on such a tank ship. For a tank volume of 120,000 m 3, a flow of around 1,000 m^ per minute for up heating over two days, and the maximum size of compressors currently available available on the market, is around 560 m<3>per minute. Two compressors will therefore be needed,
noe som i betydelig grad innvirker på omkostningene for hele anlegget. which significantly affects the costs for the entire facility.
Ved anvendelse av det indirekte isopentansystem somWhen using the indirect isopentane system which
er beskrevet ovenfor, vil lagertankene kunne oppvarmes over et gjennomsnittlig temperaturområde fra -151°Ctil +4,5°C i løpet av tilnærmet en dag. For et tankskip med en kapasitet på 120 000 m<3>is described above, the storage tanks will be able to be heated over an average temperature range from -151°C to +4.5°C during approximately one day. For a tanker with a capacity of 120,000 m<3>
vil man ved å anvende det ovenfor beskrevne indirekte system kunne foreta oppvarmningen på omtrent halvparten av den tid som trenges med de hittil kjente systemer. Det kan videre gjøres regning med at ved anvendelse av det indirekte system ifølge oppfinnelsen opp- by using the indirect system described above, the heating can be carried out in approximately half the time required with the previously known systems. It can also be taken into account that when using the indirect system according to the invention up-
nås en besparelse på omkring 10% i omkostningene for fremstilling av hele håndteringsanlegget for ladningen sammenlignet méd det hittil anvendte system, særlig i betraktning av at det ikke trenges særlig store kompressorer. a saving of around 10% is achieved in the costs for manufacturing the entire handling facility for the charge compared to the system used up until now, especially in view of the fact that very large compressors are not needed.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB5348171A GB1400010A (en) | 1971-11-17 | 1971-11-17 | Method and apparatus for cryogenic warm-up |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO130740B true NO130740B (en) | 1974-10-21 |
NO130740C NO130740C (en) | 1975-01-29 |
Family
ID=10467980
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO389372A NO130740C (en) | 1971-11-17 | 1972-10-27 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3867818A (en) |
JP (1) | JPS4863314A (en) |
CA (1) | CA968269A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2255746A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES408711A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2161676A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1400010A (en) |
IT (1) | IT970397B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7214563A (en) |
NO (1) | NO130740C (en) |
PL (1) | PL79715B1 (en) |
SE (1) | SE383199B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4331129A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1982-05-25 | Columbia Gas System Service Corporation | Solar energy for LNG vaporization |
US20080178611A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Foster Wheeler Usa Corporation | Ecological Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vaporizer System |
US9341400B2 (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2016-05-17 | Braun Intertec Geothermal, Llc | Mobile hydro geothermal testing systems and methods |
JP6409311B2 (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2018-10-24 | 株式会社Ihi | Method for discharging residual liquid from liquefied gas tank |
CN104960655B (en) * | 2015-04-08 | 2017-05-24 | 江苏宏强船舶重工有限公司 | Ice zone heating protection system for ships |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1908552A (en) * | 1929-05-27 | 1933-05-09 | Randel Bo Folke | Method of heating with steam |
US1886223A (en) * | 1930-05-29 | 1932-11-01 | Fred I Raymond | Steam heating system |
DE1501738C3 (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1974-05-22 | Mcmullen, John Joseph, Montclair, N.J. (V.St.A.) | Heat-insulated double-walled tank for storing or transporting low-boiling liquefied gases at around atmospheric pressure |
JPS4319759Y1 (en) * | 1965-09-22 | 1968-08-17 | ||
US3392537A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1968-07-16 | Air Reduction | Liquid cylinder system |
-
1971
- 1971-11-17 GB GB5348171A patent/GB1400010A/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-10-11 CA CA153,698A patent/CA968269A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-10-27 NO NO389372A patent/NO130740C/no unknown
- 1972-10-27 NL NL7214563A patent/NL7214563A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1972-10-30 US US30184772 patent/US3867818A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-11-10 IT IT3152972A patent/IT970397B/en active
- 1972-11-14 DE DE2255746A patent/DE2255746A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1972-11-14 PL PL1972158830A patent/PL79715B1/pl unknown
- 1972-11-15 SE SE1483972A patent/SE383199B/en unknown
- 1972-11-16 FR FR7240767A patent/FR2161676A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1972-11-16 JP JP11439072A patent/JPS4863314A/ja active Pending
- 1972-11-17 ES ES408711A patent/ES408711A1/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2161676A5 (en) | 1973-07-06 |
NO130740C (en) | 1975-01-29 |
PL79715B1 (en) | 1975-06-30 |
JPS4863314A (en) | 1973-09-03 |
SE383199B (en) | 1976-03-01 |
NL7214563A (en) | 1973-05-21 |
CA968269A (en) | 1975-05-27 |
DE2255746A1 (en) | 1973-05-24 |
GB1400010A (en) | 1975-07-16 |
ES408711A1 (en) | 1975-11-01 |
IT970397B (en) | 1974-04-10 |
US3867818A (en) | 1975-02-25 |
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