NO312081B1 - Formulated proteinaceous feed and use of such feed - Google Patents
Formulated proteinaceous feed and use of such feed Download PDFInfo
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- NO312081B1 NO312081B1 NO19995314A NO995314A NO312081B1 NO 312081 B1 NO312081 B1 NO 312081B1 NO 19995314 A NO19995314 A NO 19995314A NO 995314 A NO995314 A NO 995314A NO 312081 B1 NO312081 B1 NO 312081B1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
Denne oppfinnelse vedrører et formulert proteinholdig for, inneholdende en tilsetning bestående av en nøyaktig tilmålt, kontrollerbar mengde proteaseinhibitor. This invention relates to a formulated proteinaceous lining, containing an additive consisting of a precisely measured, controllable amount of protease inhibitor.
Dette for som generelt sett er beregnet for både dyr, fugler og fisk kan særlig ha form av et partikkel-/pellet-/flakfor-met hovedfor for oppdrettsfisk. This feed, which is generally intended for both animals, birds and fish, can in particular take the form of a particle/pellet/flake-shaped main feed for farmed fish.
Oppfinnelsen vedrører likeledes en anvendelse av et slikt for for et spesielt formål ved foring av oppdrettsfisk i merd eller landbasert oppdrettskar. The invention also relates to the use of such a feed for a special purpose when feeding farmed fish in cages or land-based farming vessels.
Ved foring med proteinholdig formulert for blir proteinet dårlig utnyttet fordi foret fordøyes fortere enn dyret, fuglen eller fisken klarer å nyttiggjøre seg proteinet. En vesentlig del av forets proteininnhold går derfor til energi i stedet for til muskelbygging. When feeding with protein-containing formulated feed, the protein is poorly utilized because the feed is digested faster than the animal, bird or fish is able to make use of the protein. A significant part of the forage's protein content therefore goes to energy instead of muscle building.
Teknikkens standpunkt er blant annet representert ved forrå-stoffer som utmerker seg ved at proteinet har ulik fordøyel-seshastighet. The state of the art is represented, among other things, by raw materials that are distinguished by the fact that the protein has different digestion rates.
Slike kjente forstoffer har en svært begrenset virkning når det gjelder å iverksette en økt utnyttelse av protein slik at en større del av proteinet i foret kommer muskelbyggingen og således tilveksten til del. Ved kjent teknikk kompliseres rå-stoff valget og produksjonsprosessen. Such known precursors have a very limited effect when it comes to implementing an increased utilization of protein so that a larger part of the protein in the feed contributes to muscle building and thus growth. In the case of known techniques, the choice of raw material and the production process are complicated.
Moderne fiskefor består av finmalte varmebehandlede råvarer som er "limt" sammen ved hjelp av stivelse, vanndamp og trykk. Proteinet i et slikt for er finpartikulært og denaturert, det vil si at molekylets tertiærstruktur, dets opprin-nelige unike form, er åpnet opp og endret. Modern fish feed consists of finely ground, heat-treated raw materials that are "glued" together using starch, steam and pressure. The protein in such a lining is finely particulate and denatured, which means that the molecule's tertiary structure, its original unique form, has been opened up and changed.
I fiskens naturlige føde som er levende, hele byttedyr foreligger derimot proteinet intakt i sin native unike form bundet opp i store organer, eksempelvis muskulatur. Disse to proteinformers fordøyelsesforløp avviker forholdsvis meget fra hverandre, idet hastigheten igjennom mage-tarm-kanalen øker proporsjonalt med bearbeidelsesgraden uten at det går ut over proteinets fordøyelighet totalt. In the fish's natural food, which is live, whole prey, on the other hand, the protein is present intact in its native, unique form bound up in large organs, for example muscles. The digestive processes of these two forms of protein differ relatively greatly from each other, as the speed through the gastrointestinal tract increases proportionally with the degree of processing without affecting the protein's total digestibility.
Et proteins native unike form er slik at proteinfordøyelses-enzymer (proteolyttiske enzymer) vanskelig kan angripe det. Alle avvik fra den ene native biologiske form fører til at det oppstår nye angrepspunkter for proteasene, hvilket for-klarer den meget hurtigere nedbrytning av denaturert protein sammenlignet med nativt protein, og påfølgende hurtig opptak av aminosyrer. A protein's native unique form is such that protein-digesting enzymes (proteolytic enzymes) can hardly attack it. All deviations from the one native biological form lead to the emergence of new attack points for the proteases, which explains the much faster breakdown of denatured protein compared to native protein, and the subsequent rapid uptake of amino acids.
Ved en for høy tilførsel av aminosyrer over kort tid til dy-rets proteinsynteseapparat, vil de biokjemiske prosesser som finner sted i fisk føre til at en større andel av de fordøyde aminosyrene blir forbrent som energi i stedet for å bli avleiret som fiskemuskel. In the case of too high a supply of amino acids over a short period of time to the animal's protein synthesis apparatus, the biochemical processes that take place in fish will cause a greater proportion of the digested amino acids to be burned as energy instead of being deposited as fish muscle.
Det foreligger fra litteraturen rapporter om nesten dobbelt så høyt proteinutbytte i form av høyere avleiring som muskelprotein ved foring med relativt store fiskebiter sammenlignet med foring med finmalte forråvarer. There are reports from the literature of almost twice as high a protein yield in the form of higher deposition as muscle protein when feeding with relatively large pieces of fish compared to feeding with finely ground raw materials.
I moderne akvakultur er imidlertid bruk av formulert for ene-rådende av praktiske hensyn. In modern aquaculture, however, the use of formulated for sole-prevailing practical considerations.
Teknikkens standpunkt er likeledes representert ved EP-A2-144993. Denne publiserte europeiske patentsøknad om-handler en fremgangsmåte til å fremme veksten hos dyr eller planter, og går ut på å tildele dyret, eventuelt via foret, eller til planten, eventuelt via dens voksested, en virksom mengde av en proteaseinhibitor så som leupeptin. The state of the art is likewise represented by EP-A2-144993. This published European patent application relates to a method for promoting growth in animals or plants, and consists in assigning to the animal, optionally via the feed, or to the plant, optionally via its place of growth, an effective amount of a protease inhibitor such as leupeptin.
Leupeptin som er en lavmolekylær syntetisk serin-/cystein-proteasehemmer, er fortrinnsvis en endopeptidasehemmer med spesiell affinitet overfor trypsin og enkelte cysteinprote-aser så som papain og cathepsin B. Disse cysteinproteasene er for øvrig heller ikke sentrale fordøyelsesenzymer. Leupeptin har heller ingen effekt overfor chymotrypsin som er den mest sentrale fordøyelsesprotease. Leupeptin, which is a low molecular weight synthetic serine/cysteine protease inhibitor, is preferably an endopeptidase inhibitor with particular affinity towards trypsin and certain cysteine proteases such as papain and cathepsin B. These cysteine proteases are also not central digestive enzymes. Leupeptin also has no effect against chymotrypsin, which is the most central digestive protease.
Som eksempler på dyreslag og planteslag som er testet ved hjelp av denne kjente fremgangsmåte for å akselerere deres As examples of animal species and plant species that have been tested using this known method to accelerate their
veksthastighet, er hamsterunger og små erteplanter. Dette er selvsagt bare eksempler på mulige dyr og planter som kan be-handles og påvirkes positivt, men pattedyr, som i dette til-felle, ligger langt borte fra oppdrettsfisk som er foretruk- growth rate, are baby hamsters and small pea plants. These are of course only examples of possible animals and plants that can be treated and positively influenced, but mammals, as in this case, are far away from farmed fish that are preferred
ket dyreslag ved den foreliggende oppfinnelse. ket animal species in the present invention.
Det er fra denne kjente publikasjon, EP-A2-144993, i og for seg kjent å tilsette en proteaseinhibitor i dyrefor, noe som har vært kjent innen bransjen. Imidlertid omtales det i EP-A2-144993 tildeling av en virksom mengde proteaseinhibitor, og det er enn videre angitt en foretrukket tildelingsmengde av denne inhibitor per kilogram dyrevekt, nærmere bestemt lik From this known publication, EP-A2-144993, it is known per se to add a protease inhibitor to animal feed, which has been known within the industry. However, in EP-A2-144993 allocation of an effective amount of protease inhibitor is mentioned, and a preferred allocation amount of this inhibitor per kilogram of animal weight is further specified, more precisely equal to
ca. 0,002-0,05 gram per dag. Bruk av mer enn én proteasehem-mer (altså i blanding med en eller flere andre proteasehem-mere) er ikke nevnt i denne publikasjon. about. 0.002-0.05 grams per day. The use of more than one protease inhibitor (ie in a mixture with one or more other protease inhibitors) is not mentioned in this publication.
I overensstemmelse med den foreliggende oppfinnelse er det erkjent at det foreligger et behov for å øke utnyttelsen av forproteinet i formulert for, og ifølge den foreliggede oppfinnelse er det tatt sikte på å treffe de nødvendige foran-staltninger og å skaffe til veie et tilsetningsmiddel for formulert for for realisering av dette generelle formål. In accordance with the present invention, it is recognized that there is a need to increase the utilization of the pre-protein in formulated for, and according to the present invention it is aimed to take the necessary measures and to provide an additive for formulated for the realization of this general purpose.
Proteinmolekylet består av hundreder til mange tusen aminosyrer som er bundet sammen i en kjede. Slike kjeder av aminosyrer er enn videre foldet eller pakket sammen til helt unike tredimensjonale strukturer, avhengig av deres aminosyrerekke-følge. Under fordøyelsen blir først denne tredimensjonale struktur forstyrret av den sure væsken i magesekken, hvoret-ter kjeden blir brutt opp av proteolyttiske enzymer og de enkelte aminosyrer frigitt. Noen aminosyrer vil foreligge som di- og tripeptider, men de fleste vil opptre i fri form. Denne nedbrytningen av proteinet skjer ved hjelp av en rekke proteinspaltende enzymer. Disse enzymene kan deles i to ho-vedgrupper: endopeptidaser og eksopeptidaser. Eksopeptidasene angriper inne i peptidkjeden og deler proteinmolekylet opp i mindre kjeder, mens endopeptidasene spalter én og én amino-syre fra enden av aminosyrekjeden. For å få en effektiv for-døyelse, må begge disse enzymgrupper være tilstede. The protein molecule consists of hundreds to many thousands of amino acids linked together in a chain. Such chains of amino acids are further folded or packed together into completely unique three-dimensional structures, depending on their amino acid sequence. During digestion, this three-dimensional structure is first disturbed by the acidic liquid in the stomach, after which the chain is broken up by proteolytic enzymes and the individual amino acids are released. Some amino acids will exist as di- and tripeptides, but most will appear in free form. This breakdown of the protein takes place with the help of a number of protein-cleaving enzymes. These enzymes can be divided into two main groups: endopeptidases and exopeptidases. The exopeptidases attack inside the peptide chain and split the protein molecule into smaller chains, while the endopeptidases cleave one amino acid at a time from the end of the amino acid chain. For effective digestion, both of these enzyme groups must be present.
Eksempler på eksopeptidase er trypsin og kymotrypsin, mens eksempler på endopeptidase er kaboksypeptidase A og B. Examples of exopeptidase are trypsin and chymotrypsin, while examples of endopeptidase are carboxypeptidase A and B.
Nærmere bestemt har formålet med den foreliggende oppfinnelse derfor vært å komme frem til et for som begunstiger utnyttelsen av proteinet i foret, det vil si fremmer økt tilvekst per proteinmengde målt ved normal foring, formengde og forings-hyppighet. More specifically, the purpose of the present invention has therefore been to arrive at a lining which favors the utilization of the protein in the lining, that is to say promotes increased growth per amount of protein measured by normal feeding, feed quantity and feeding frequency.
Det er likeledes tatt sikte på å anvise en anvendelse for et slikt formulert for i den hensikt å realisere et spesielt formål. It is also intended to designate an application for such a formulated for the purpose of realizing a special purpose.
Nevnte formål er ifølge oppfinnelsen realisert ved å formu-lere foret i overensstemmelse med patentkrav 1, idet patentkrav 9 angir en spesiell anvendelse for et slikt for. According to the invention, said purpose is realized by formulating the lining in accordance with patent claim 1, with patent claim 9 indicating a special application for such a lining.
For å øke utnyttelsen av forproteinet er det ønskelig å endre opptakstiden for aminosyrer fra tarmen. Ifølge oppfinnelsen kan dette gjøres ved å blokkere en del av de protein-fordøyende enzymer (proteasene) som finnes i tarmen. In order to increase the utilization of the pre-protein, it is desirable to change the absorption time for amino acids from the intestine. According to the invention, this can be done by blocking part of the protein-digesting enzymes (proteases) found in the intestine.
I overensstemmelse med oppfinnelsen utmerker et formulert for seg ved å inneholde en tilsetning bestående av en blanding av ulike proteaseinhibitorer, hvorav minst én oppviser affinitet overfor sentrale fordøyelsesenzymer, i den hensikt å tildele foret vekstpåskyndénde egenskaper. In accordance with the invention, a formulation distinguishes itself by containing an additive consisting of a mixture of different protease inhibitors, at least one of which shows affinity towards central digestive enzymes, with the intention of giving the feed growth-accelerating properties.
Det er i og for seg kjent at proteaseinhibitorer kan opptre i visse forbestanddeler, men da utilsiktet, opptredende i helt ukontrollerte mengder. Et eksempel er den såkalte "soya-trypsin"-inhibitor som finnes i soyabønner. Dette er egentlig to inhibitorer, nemlig Bowman-Brink og Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, som er to inhibitorer som inhiberer det samme enzymet, nemlig trypsin. Denne soya-trypsin-inhibitor er ifølge flere rapporter blitt betraktet som uønsket på grunn av sin negative effekt idet den hemmer kun ett enzym. It is known in and of itself that protease inhibitors can appear in certain precursors, but then unintentionally, appearing in completely uncontrolled quantities. An example is the so-called "soy-trypsin" inhibitor found in soybeans. These are actually two inhibitors, namely Bowman-Brink and Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, which are two inhibitors that inhibit the same enzyme, namely trypsin. This soy trypsin inhibitor has, according to several reports, been considered undesirable due to its negative effect as it inhibits only one enzyme.
Ved til formulert for å tilsette en blanding proteasehemme-re/-inhibitorer (enzymregulatorer) som kan utvinnes av vege-tabilske stoffer, så som planter, for eksempel fra poteter eller soya eller som kan være kjemisk fremstilt, for eksempel camostate, eller i ulike kombinasjoner av disse, har det - ved til foret å tilsette en blanding av flere ulike protease-hemmere i meget små, nøyaktig kontrollerte mengder - derimot vist seg å inntre en vesentlig forbedring av proteinutnyt-telsen og tilveksten. Wood to formulated to add to a mixture protease inhibitors/inhibitors (enzyme regulators) which can be extracted from vegetable substances, such as plants, for example from potatoes or soy or which can be chemically produced, for example camostat, or in various combinations of these, by adding to the feed a mixture of several different protease inhibitors in very small, precisely controlled quantities - a significant improvement in protein utilization and growth has, however, been shown to occur.
Den aktive substans (proteasehemmerblandingen) kan eksempelvis utgjøre 0,001 - 0,2% beregnet på ferdig for. The active substance (protease inhibitor mixture) can, for example, amount to 0.001 - 0.2% calculated on the finished product.
Et for ifølge oppfinnelsen utmerker seg således i første rekke ved at det inneholder en tilsetning bestående av en nøye tilmålt blanding av ulike proteaseinhibitorer i en mengde som er meget liten i forhold til resten av det formulerte forets vekt. A lining according to the invention is thus distinguished primarily by the fact that it contains an additive consisting of a carefully measured mixture of various protease inhibitors in an amount that is very small in relation to the rest of the weight of the formulated lining.
Proteaseinhibitorene kan med fordel være tilsatt til foret i konsentrert form. En vesentlig virkning som er en iboende egenskap hos proteaseinhibitorer hvori inngår en konsentrert inhibitor isolert eller oppkonsentrert fra potetsaft, er at The protease inhibitors can advantageously be added to the feed in concentrated form. A significant effect that is an inherent property of protease inhibitors that include a concentrated inhibitor isolated or concentrated from potato juice is that
blandingen inhiberer både endogene og eksogene proteaser. the mixture inhibits both endogenous and exogenous proteases.
Den foran angitte prosentvise andel/tilsetningsmengde av proteaseinhibitorer kan være basert på et proteinkildeantall The aforementioned percentage share/addition amount of protease inhibitors can be based on a protein source number
> 2. Ved 3 proteinkilder medregnes bidrag fra bindere. > 2. In the case of 3 protein sources, the contribution from binders is included.
Ved fem forsøksserier utført i overensstemmelse med den foreliggende oppfinnelse ble det som tilsetningsmiddel til et or-dinært formulert fiskefor anvendt en blanding som inneholdt flere ulike proteasehemmende komponenter. Proteaseinhibitorblandingen ble tilsatt til foret i konsentrert form, blant annet innenfor det forannevnte mengdeområde på 0,001 - 0,2%. In five test series carried out in accordance with the present invention, a mixture containing several different protease-inhibiting components was used as an additive to an ordinarily formulated fish feed. The protease inhibitor mixture was added to the feed in concentrated form, among other things within the aforementioned quantity range of 0.001 - 0.2%.
Ved disse fem serier med forsøk ble det forsøkt kartlagt: In these five series of experiments, an attempt was made to map:
Om tilsetningen hemmet den enzymatiske aktiviteten i en fisketarm (på laks); Whether the additive inhibited the enzymatic activity in a fish intestine (on salmon);
Å konstatere det optimale tilsetningsnivå av proteaseinhibitorblandingen ved foring av laks; To ascertain the optimal addition level of the protease inhibitor mixture when feeding salmon;
Fordøyeligheten av hovednæringsstoffer ved bruk av proteaseinhibitorblanding i for til laks; The digestibility of main nutrients using protease inhibitor mixture in feed for salmon;
Effekten ved bruk av proteaseinhibitor i kombinasjon med ulike proteinkilder i laksefor; The effect of using a protease inhibitor in combination with different protein sources in salmon feed;
Opptaksforløpet for aminosyrer ved hjelp av proteaseinhibitorblanding. The course of uptake of amino acids by means of protease inhibitor mixture.
Resultatene var som følger: The results were as follows:
Undersøkelser in vitro viste at det kunne oppnås en reversibel delvis hemming av enzymaktiviteten i en enzymekstrakt isolert fra laksetarm. Dette indikerer at det skjer en mid-lertidig immobilisering av endo- og eksopeptidaser når det formulerte foret er tilsatt en proteaseinhibitorblanding i-følge oppfinnelsen; Investigations in vitro showed that a reversible partial inhibition of the enzyme activity could be achieved in an enzyme extract isolated from salmon intestine. This indicates that a temporary immobilization of endo- and exopeptidases occurs when the formulated feed is added to a protease inhibitor mixture according to the invention;
Doseresponsforsøk viste at ved et tilsetningsnivå ble det oppnådd en vekstfremmende effekt ved å tilsette proteaseinhibitorblanding ifølge oppfinnelsen, uten at det ble funnet no-en negativ innvirkning på forutnyttelsen (forfaktor) eller totalfordøyelsen av proteinet; Dose response experiments showed that at an addition level, a growth-promoting effect was achieved by adding the protease inhibitor mixture according to the invention, without any negative impact on the pre-utilization (pre-factor) or total digestion of the protein being found;
Doseresponsforsøk viste også at det over et visst inn-blandingsnivå for proteaseinhibitorblandingen inntråtte en klar reduksjon i proteinfordøyeligheten målt som nitrogen-fordøyelighet. Det ble ikke registrert noen virkning på for-døyeligheten av fett; Dose response experiments also showed that above a certain mixing level for the protease inhibitor mixture there was a clear reduction in protein digestibility measured as nitrogen digestibility. No effect on the digestibility of fat was recorded;
Ved anvendelse av optimal proteaseinhibitorkonsentrasjon ble det oppnådd en klar tilvekstøkning med utgangspunkt i formulert, fiskemelbasert fiskefor sammenlignet med bruk av iden-tisk for uten tilsetningen ifølge oppfinnelen. Ved å erstatte noe av fiskemelforbestanddelen med hydrolysert protein (fiskeensilasje) ble tilveksten ytterligere forsterket; (Mengde hydrolysert protein tilsatt i et for kan måles som TNBS med en binding av frie alfa amino grupper til trinitrobenzo-sulphonic acid, L-leusin brukes som standard.) TNBS verdien bør ligge mellom 0,4 og 2,0. When using an optimal protease inhibitor concentration, a clear increase in growth was achieved based on formulated, fishmeal-based fish feed compared to the use of identical feed without the addition according to the invention. By replacing some of the fish meal component with hydrolysed protein (fish silage), growth was further enhanced; (Amount of hydrolysed protein added in a for can be measured as TNBS with a binding of free alpha amino groups to trinitrobenzo-sulphonic acid, L-leucine is used as standard.) The TNBS value should lie between 0.4 and 2.0.
Ved studier av opptaket i blodet av <14>C-merket intakt protein fra tarm ble det funnet et endret opptak ved tilsetning av konsentrert proteaseinhibitorblanding ifølge oppfinnelsen til foret. In studies of the uptake into the blood of <14>C-labeled intact protein from the intestine, a changed uptake was found when the concentrated protease inhibitor mixture according to the invention was added to the feed.
Etterfølgende tabeller illustrerer relasjoner mellom tilsetning av proteaseinhibitorblandinger til formulerte for: Subsequent tables illustrate relationships between the addition of protease inhibitor mixtures to those formulated for:
Tabell 1 illustrerer økningen i % daglig tilvekst ved bruk av fiskemelbasert for tilsatt proteaseinhibitor- blanding ifølge oppfinnelsen. Økningen er på 13%. Table 1 illustrates the increase in % daily growth when using a fishmeal-based for added protease inhibitor mixture according to the invention. The increase is 13%.
Tabell 2 illustrerer økningen i % daglig tilvekst når noe av fiskemelet i foret er erstattet med hydrolysert protein (fiskeensilasje). Økningen er på 32%. Table 2 illustrates the increase in % daily growth when some of the fishmeal in the feed is replaced with hydrolysed protein (fish silage). The increase is 32%.
Tabell 3 illustrerer grafisk nitrogenfordøyelsen (ordinat) i % som funksjon av tilsatt mengde proteaseinhibitorblanding (i gram per kg for), og anskueliggjør hvordan nitrogen- eller proteinfordøyelsen påvirkes ved økende tilsetning av proteaseinhibitorblanding ifølge oppfinnelsen. Table 3 graphically illustrates the nitrogen digestion (ordinate) in % as a function of added amount of protease inhibitor mixture (in grams per kg for), and illustrates how nitrogen or protein digestion is affected by increasing the addition of protease inhibitor mixture according to the invention.
Det konkluderes med at resultater oppnådd ved å tilsette en blanding av ulike proteaseinhibitorer i form av endo- og eksopeptidaseinhibitorer til et formulert for vil det som tilsiktet inntre en reversibel hemming av proteinfordøyelses-enzymene. Ved for høye tilsetninger av inhibitorblanding vil dette gå ut over den totale proteinfordøyelighet. Ved en optimal innblanding av inhibitorblanding oppnås det en til-vekstgevinst som forsterkes ved bruk av flere proteinkilder med ulikt opptaksforløp fra fisketarm. It is concluded that results obtained by adding a mixture of different protease inhibitors in the form of endo- and exopeptidase inhibitors to a formulated for will, as intended, cause a reversible inhibition of the protein digestion enzymes. In the case of too high additions of inhibitor mixture, this will exceed the total protein digestibility. With an optimal mixing of the inhibitor mixture, a growth gain is achieved which is enhanced by the use of several protein sources with different absorption processes from the fish intestine.
Opptaksstudier av isotopmerkede aminosyrer indikerer at det foreligger en kombinasjon av økt enzymproduksjon som kompen-sasjon for hemmingen av en del fordøyelsesenzymer i tarmen, sammen med en opphevelse av enzymblokkeringen som følge av den reversible bindingen mellom enzym og inhibitor. Dette gir et annet opptaksmønster for aminosyrer ved bruk av en proteaseinhibitorblanding tilsatt i foret. Uptake studies of isotopically labeled amino acids indicate that there is a combination of increased enzyme production as compensation for the inhibition of some digestive enzymes in the intestine, together with a lifting of the enzyme blockage as a result of the reversible bond between enzyme and inhibitor. This gives a different uptake pattern for amino acids when using a protease inhibitor mixture added to the feed.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NO19995314A NO312081B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | Formulated proteinaceous feed and use of such feed |
CA002397679A CA2397679A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-17 | A feed and the use of such a feed |
EP00987836A EP1223818A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-17 | A feed and the use of such a feed |
ES00987836T ES2179793T1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-17 | I THINK AND USE OF SUCH FEED. |
JP2001532611A JP2003512067A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-17 | Feed and use of such feed |
PCT/NO2000/000342 WO2001030177A1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-17 | A feed and the use of such a feed |
AU24111/01A AU760393B2 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2000-10-17 | A feed and the use of such a feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NO19995314A NO312081B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | Formulated proteinaceous feed and use of such feed |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NO995314D0 NO995314D0 (en) | 1999-10-29 |
NO995314L NO995314L (en) | 2001-04-30 |
NO312081B1 true NO312081B1 (en) | 2002-03-18 |
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Family Applications (1)
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NO19995314A NO312081B1 (en) | 1999-10-29 | 1999-10-29 | Formulated proteinaceous feed and use of such feed |
Country Status (7)
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EP (1) | EP1223818A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2003512067A (en) |
AU (1) | AU760393B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2397679A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2179793T1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO312081B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2001030177A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
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US4510130A (en) * | 1983-05-20 | 1985-04-09 | Genetic Diagnostics Corporation | Promoting animal and plant growth with leupeptin |
IL73665A0 (en) * | 1983-12-09 | 1985-02-28 | Genetic Diagnostic Corp | Promoting animal and plant growth with protease inhibitors |
GB9019024D0 (en) * | 1990-08-31 | 1990-10-17 | Ici Plc | Silage additive |
US5468727A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1995-11-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Methods of normalizing metabolic parameters in diabetics |
US5693617A (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 1997-12-02 | Proscript, Inc. | Inhibitors of the 26s proteolytic complex and the 20s proteasome contained therein |
-
1999
- 1999-10-29 NO NO19995314A patent/NO312081B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-10-17 JP JP2001532611A patent/JP2003512067A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-10-17 WO PCT/NO2000/000342 patent/WO2001030177A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-10-17 ES ES00987836T patent/ES2179793T1/en active Pending
- 2000-10-17 AU AU24111/01A patent/AU760393B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-10-17 CA CA002397679A patent/CA2397679A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-10-17 EP EP00987836A patent/EP1223818A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2411101A (en) | 2001-05-08 |
ES2179793T1 (en) | 2003-02-01 |
EP1223818A1 (en) | 2002-07-24 |
NO995314D0 (en) | 1999-10-29 |
CA2397679A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
WO2001030177A1 (en) | 2001-05-03 |
NO995314L (en) | 2001-04-30 |
JP2003512067A (en) | 2003-04-02 |
AU760393B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
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