NO311855B1 - Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels - Google Patents

Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
NO311855B1
NO311855B1 NO19980247A NO980247A NO311855B1 NO 311855 B1 NO311855 B1 NO 311855B1 NO 19980247 A NO19980247 A NO 19980247A NO 980247 A NO980247 A NO 980247A NO 311855 B1 NO311855 B1 NO 311855B1
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
burner head
flame tube
flame
combustion
head according
Prior art date
Application number
NO19980247A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO980247L (en
NO980247D0 (en
Inventor
Ekkehart Freund
Thomas Schmidt
Juergen Stittrich
Original Assignee
Elco Kloeckner Heiztech Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Elco Kloeckner Heiztech Gmbh filed Critical Elco Kloeckner Heiztech Gmbh
Publication of NO980247D0 publication Critical patent/NO980247D0/en
Publication of NO980247L publication Critical patent/NO980247L/en
Publication of NO311855B1 publication Critical patent/NO311855B1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D11/00Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23DBURNERS
    • F23D17/00Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/30Premixing fluegas with combustion air

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Part of the air current for combustion is guided through a twisting body(6). An underpressure is produced on the downstream section of the flame tube through guides and openings in the flame tube. The exhaust gas from combustion is mixed with the combustion air. The exhaust gas is mixed with the fuel which has vaporised in the combustion chamber but has not yet ignited and a flame front is produced at a distance in front of the burner head. The flame tube comprises a cylindrical section(8) with a further cylindrical section (3) downstream containing the openings (5) and inwardly projecting guides.

Description

Oppfinnelsen vedrører et brennerhode, som kan benyttes i brennere for gass- og/eller oljefyringsanlegg, og en fremgangsmåte for forbrenning av flytende eller gassformede brennstoffer i de nevnte anlegg. The invention relates to a burner head, which can be used in burners for gas and/or oil-fired plants, and a method for burning liquid or gaseous fuels in the aforementioned plants.

Immisjon av forbrenningsgasser fra gass- og oljefyringsanlegg forårsaker betydelige mljøbelastninger som følge av skadelige stoffer som oppstår under forbrenningen. Danningen av noen skadelige stoffer kan påvirkes ved hjelp av primærtiltak under fyringsstyringen henholdsvis i brenneren, og kan reduseres på en virksom måte. Tilføring av forbrenningsluft, bruk av brennstoffene såvel som en blanding med tilbakeførte avgasser har stor betydning ved redusering av miljøbelastningene. Immission of combustion gases from gas and oil-fired plants causes significant environmental pollution as a result of harmful substances that occur during combustion. The formation of some harmful substances can be affected by means of primary measures during the combustion control or in the burner, and can be reduced in an effective way. The supply of combustion air, the use of fuels as well as a mixture with recirculated exhaust gases are of great importance in reducing environmental impacts.

Hensikten med oppfinnelsen er å tilveiebringe en fremgangsmåte såvel som et brennerhode, som gir betydelig reduksjon av NOx-dannelsen under forbrenningen og som også muliggjør en forbrenning av brennstoffet ved lav flammetemperatur og lite energiforbruk. The purpose of the invention is to provide a method as well as a burner head, which provides a significant reduction of NOx formation during combustion and which also enables combustion of the fuel at a low flame temperature and low energy consumption.

Dette oppnås med de trekk som er angitt i patentkravene 1 og 2. De uselvstendige krav angir ytterligere fordelaktige utførelsesformer av oppfinnelsen. This is achieved with the features stated in patent claims 1 and 2. The independent claims state further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Fremgangsmåten for forbrenning av gassformede og flytende brennstoffer i fyringsanlegg er kjennetegnet ved at en luftstrøm for forbrenningen føres gjennom et virvlingslegeme, og at det i et nedstrøms avsnitt av flammerøret tilveiebringes et undertrykk ved hjelp av ledeinnretninger og gjennombrudd i flammerøret, og ved at avgassen fra forbrenningen suges gjennom gjennombruddene og blandes med forbrenningsluften, samt at den i brennrommet forhåndenværende avgass blandes med det i brennrommet inndysede, ennå ikke antente brennstoff, og at det i en avstand foran brennerhodet tilveiebringes en flammefront. Virvlingslegemet og minst en forstøvningsdyse for brennstofftilførselen er anordnet i et flammerør, som rager inn i brennrommet i en kjele som del av et brennerhode i en brenner. The process for burning gaseous and liquid fuels in combustion plants is characterized by the fact that an air stream for the combustion is led through a swirling body, and that in a downstream section of the flame pipe a negative pressure is provided by means of guide devices and breakthroughs in the flame pipe, and by the fact that the exhaust gas from the combustion is sucked through the openings and mixed with the combustion air, and that the exhaust gas present in the combustion chamber is mixed with the injected, not yet ignited fuel injected into the combustion chamber, and that a flame front is provided at a distance in front of the burner head. The swirling body and at least one atomizing nozzle for the fuel supply are arranged in a flame tube, which projects into the combustion chamber of a boiler as part of a burner head in a burner.

Føringen av luftstrømmen gjennom virvlingslegemet gir en indre virvelstrømning som sammen med de med åpningene henholdsvis ledeinnretningene tilveiebragte virvlinger såvel som aksialluftstrømmen fører til en tilbakeføring av avgasser med små surstoff-andeler og til en intensiv blanding av brennstoff, avgass og luft. Dessuten dannes en flammefront ikke direkte ved brennerhodet, som ellers vanlig i konvensjonelle brennere, men i en viss avstand foran brennerhodet. Dessuten oppnås det fordelaktig en redusering av flammetemperaturen og således en sterk redusering av NOx-dannelsen. Særlig ved forbrenning av flytende brennstoffer oppnås en øket innblandingsflate for avgassene i oljetåken, samt en større forfordampning av oljetåken. Brennerhodet består av et flammerør, minst en forstøvningsdyse og/eller minst en gassdyse, idet flammerøret består av et omtrentlig sylindrisk avsnitt som går over i et avsmalnende avsnitt, hvor det nedstrøms er anordnet et ytterligere omtrentlig sylindrisk avsnitt, idet det i det nevnte nedstrøms avsnitt i flammerøret er anordnet gjennombrudd og innoverragende ledeinnretninger, og det i flammerøret er anordnet minst et virvlingslegeme. The guiding of the air flow through the vortex body produces an internal vortex flow which, together with the vortices provided by the openings and guide devices as well as the axial air flow, leads to a return of exhaust gases with small oxygen proportions and to an intensive mixture of fuel, exhaust gas and air. Moreover, a flame front is not formed directly at the burner head, as is usual in conventional burners, but at a certain distance in front of the burner head. In addition, a reduction in the flame temperature and thus a strong reduction in NOx formation is advantageously achieved. Particularly when burning liquid fuels, an increased mixing surface is achieved for the exhaust gases in the oil mist, as well as a greater pre-evaporation of the oil mist. The burner head consists of a flame tube, at least one atomizing nozzle and/or at least one gas nozzle, the flame tube consisting of an approximately cylindrical section that transitions into a tapered section, where a further approximately cylindrical section is arranged downstream, the said downstream section breakthroughs and inwardly projecting guide devices are arranged in the flame tube, and at least one vortex body is arranged in the flame tube.

Med et slikt brennerhode blir det mulig å oppnå en virvelstrømning i brennerhodet samt å tilbakeføre avgass til brennerhodet, slik at det muliggjøres en bedre blanding av luft, brennstoff og avgass. Dessuten muliggjøres det en tilveiebringelse av en stabil flammefront foran brennerhodet. Avstanden mellom flammefronten og brenneren er kjennetegnet av en blandingssone av avgasser, forbrenningsluft og brennstoffer, hvor det forefinnes vesentlig lavere temperaturer enn i den brennende flamme. Ved hjelp av dette brennerhodet kan NOx-innholdet i avgassen fra og med dette brennerhodet utstyrte gass-, fyringsolje- eller flerstoff-fyringer, og således miljøbelastningen, senkes. With such a burner head, it becomes possible to achieve a vortex flow in the burner head and to return exhaust gas to the burner head, so that a better mixture of air, fuel and exhaust gas is enabled. In addition, it enables the provision of a stable flame front in front of the burner head. The distance between the flame front and the burner is characterized by a mixing zone of exhaust gases, combustion air and fuels, where there are substantially lower temperatures than in the burning flame. With the help of this burner head, the NOx content in the exhaust gas from and including gas, fuel oil or multi-material firings equipped with this burner head can be lowered, and thus the environmental impact.

I en foretrukken utførelsesform er virvlingslegemet aksialt forskyvbart. Derved oppnås en optimalisering av virvelstrømningen. En foretrukken utførelsesform er en hvor det er anordnet åpninger i virvlingsløpet, gjennom hvilke løpninger luften kan tilføres aksialt, idet derved avstanden mellom flammefronten og brennerhodet påvirkes på en positiv måte. In a preferred embodiment, the vortex body is axially displaceable. Thereby, an optimization of the vortex flow is achieved. A preferred embodiment is one in which openings are arranged in the swirl channel, through which channels the air can be supplied axially, whereby the distance between the flame front and the burner head is affected in a positive way.

I flammerøret er fortrinnsvis ledeinnretningene gitt trekantform og rettet mot den foran brennrommet forhåndenværende blandingssone. Denne type ledeinnretninger gir en virkningsfull og effektiv dannelse av virvler, som fremmer blandingen av avgasser, forbrenningsluft og brennstoff. En særlig virkningsfull vinkel mellom ledeinnretningene og flammerøret er en vinkel mellom ledeinnretningene og flammerøret på mellom 30° og 40°. In the flame pipe, the guide devices are preferably given a triangular shape and directed towards the mixing zone in front of the combustion chamber. This type of guide device provides an effective and efficient formation of vortices, which promotes the mixing of exhaust gases, combustion air and fuel. A particularly effective angle between the guide devices and the flame tube is an angle between the guide devices and the flame tube of between 30° and 40°.

Ved anvendelse av gassdyser, som er anordnet i flammerøret, har det vist seg å være positivt for blandingen at gassdyseåpningene er rettet mot veggen i flammerøret. When using gas nozzles, which are arranged in the flame tube, it has been shown to be positive for the mixture that the gas nozzle openings are directed towards the wall of the flame tube.

Et utførelseseksempel skal nå beskrives nærmere under henvisning til tegningene, hvor: An embodiment example will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, where:

Fig. 1 viser et snitt gjennom et brennerhode, og Fig. 1 shows a section through a burner head, and

fig. 2 viser den skjematiske dannelse av en flamme i det nye brennerhode. fig. 2 shows the schematic formation of a flame in the new burner head.

Fig. 1 viser et brennerhode for forbrenning av gassformede og flytende brennstoffer. Fig. 1 shows a burner head for burning gaseous and liquid fuels.

Brennerhodet kan benyttes i ulike typer brennere. En slik brenner kan eksempelvis utgjøre en komponent i fyringsanlegg for varmtvannskjeler, dampfremstillere, termalolje-varmere, hetgass-varmere eller andre varmeinnretninger. Det inn i brennerrommet 17 ragende brennerhode består av et flammerør som har to sylindriske avsnitt 3 og et avsmalnende avsnitt 8. Like foran eller i avsnittet 8 er det anordnet et i aksial retning forskyvbart virvlingslegeme 6. Det nærmest brennerrommet 17 liggende sylindriske flammerøravsnitt 3 er forsynt med inn i flammerøret 3 ragende legemer eller ledeinnretninger 4, som her fortrinnsvis er utformet som trekantplater, og dette flamme-røravsnitt har også utsparinger eller gjennombrudd 5. Tilføringen av brennstoff skjer gjennom en ledning 13 på forstøvningsdysen 1, når det dreier seg om flytende brennstoffer, henholdsvis gjennom tilføringen 12 og gassdysene 2 når det dreier seg om gassformede brennstoffer. Virvlingslegemet 6 vil tilveiebringe en indre \drvelstrømning. Ved hjelp av virvlingslegemets aksiale innstilling kan det tilveiebringes et optimert forhold mellom aksiallutf-impuls og virvlings-impuls. Når forbrenningsluft 11 strømmer mot flatene 4 tilveiebringes det et undertrykk, som fører til innsuging av avgasser fra fyrrommet, henholdsvis brennerrommet 17 gjennom åpningene 5. Platene 4 i luft-strømmen henholdsvis luftgasstrømmen virker som virvelgeneratorer. På nedstrøms-siden bak hver plate vil det derfor danne seg to motløpende virvler. The burner head can be used in different types of burners. Such a burner can, for example, form a component in heating systems for hot water boilers, steam generators, thermal oil heaters, hot gas heaters or other heating devices. The burner head projecting into the burner chamber 17 consists of a flame tube which has two cylindrical sections 3 and a tapered section 8. Just in front of or in the section 8, an axially displaceable vortex body 6 is arranged. The cylindrical flame tube section 3 lying closest to the burner chamber 17 is provided with with bodies or guide devices 4 projecting into the flame tube 3, which here are preferably designed as triangular plates, and this flame tube section also has recesses or openings 5. The supply of fuel takes place through a line 13 on the atomizing nozzle 1, when it concerns liquid fuels , respectively through the supply 12 and the gas nozzles 2 when it concerns gaseous fuels. The vortex body 6 will provide an internal swirl flow. By means of the axial setting of the vortex body, an optimized ratio between axial air impulse and vortex impulse can be provided. When combustion air 11 flows towards the surfaces 4, a negative pressure is provided, which leads to the suction of exhaust gases from the boiler room, respectively the burner room 17 through the openings 5. The plates 4 in the air stream or the air gas stream act as vortex generators. On the downstream side behind each plate, two opposing vortices will therefore form.

Det eller de anvendte virvlingslegemer 6 er festet til en eller flere forskyvbare holdere 10. The vortex body(s) 6 used are attached to one or more displaceable holders 10.

I fig. 2 er dannelsen av en blandingssone 16 henholdsvis en flamme 18 vist skjematisk. Brennerhodet er ført gjennom veggen i fyrrommet i en brennermuffe 9. Avgass-resirkulering oppnås ved at gass strømmer inn gjennom åpningene 5 og ved at avgass (pilene 14) suges inn i den ikke brennende fordampnings-/blandingssone 16. En flammefront 15 dannes først i en viss avstand fra brennerhodet i brennrommet 17. Den hete flammen 18 danner seg først ved denne flammefront 15 og forbrenner avgass-, forbrenningsluft- og brennstoffblandingen. Dette oppnås som følge av den kombinerte virkning av den indre virvelimpulsstrøm, aksiallutfstrømmen og den intensive turbulens i virvlene. En lokal stabilisering kan fremmes ved bruk av en pilotbrenner eller støtte-brenner 7 (ikke vist i fig. 2). Dannelsen av flammefronten 15 foran brennerhodet fører i forbindelse med avgassinnsugingen gjennom åpningene 5 i flammerøret og økingen av blandingsintensiteten som følge av virvelgeneratorene til en redusering av flamrnetemperaturen og dermed til sterkt redusert NOx-dannelse. In fig. 2, the formation of a mixing zone 16 or a flame 18 is shown schematically. The burner head is led through the wall of the boiler room in a burner sleeve 9. Exhaust gas recirculation is achieved by gas flowing in through the openings 5 and by exhaust gas (arrows 14) being sucked into the non-burning evaporation/mixing zone 16. A flame front 15 is first formed in a certain distance from the burner head in the combustion chamber 17. The hot flame 18 first forms at this flame front 15 and burns the exhaust gas, combustion air and fuel mixture. This is achieved as a result of the combined effect of the internal vortex impulse flow, the axial airflow and the intensive turbulence in the vortices. A local stabilization can be promoted by using a pilot burner or support burner 7 (not shown in Fig. 2). The formation of the flame front 15 in front of the burner head leads, in connection with the exhaust gas intake through the openings 5 in the flame pipe and the increase in the mixing intensity as a result of the vortex generators, to a reduction of the flame temperature and thus to greatly reduced NOx formation.

Claims (8)

1. Fremgangsmåte for forbrenning av flytende og/eller gassformede brennstoffer med et i brennrommet i en kjel innragende brennerhode i en brenner, hvis flammerør innbefatter minst en deri anordnet forstøvningsdyse for tilføring av brennstoff, samt et virvlingslegeme, karakterisert ved at en del av luftstrømmen for forbrenningen føres gjennom et virvlingslegeme, at det i flammerørets nedstrøms anordnede avsnitt tilveiebringes et undertrykk ved hjelp av ledeinnretninger og gjennombrudd i flammerøret, hvorved avgass fra forbrenningen blandes med forbrenningsluft, og ved at avgassen blandes med det i brennrommet inndysede, ennå ikke antente brennstoff, og at det tilveiebringes en flammefront i en avstand foran brennerhodet.1. Method for burning liquid and/or gaseous fuels with a burner head projecting into the combustion chamber of a boiler in a burner, whose flame tube includes at least one atomizing nozzle arranged therein for the supply of fuel, as well as a swirling body, characterized by the fact that part of the air flow for combustion is led through a swirling body, that a negative pressure is provided in the section arranged downstream of the flame tube by means of guide devices and breakthroughs in the flame tube, whereby exhaust gas from the combustion is mixed with combustion air, and by the exhaust gas being mixed with the injected, not yet ignited fuel injected into the combustion chamber, and that a flame front is provided at a distance in front of the burner head. 2. Brennerhode, innbefattende et flammerør og minst en forstøvningsdyse (1) og/eller minst en gassdyse (2), karakterisert ved at flammerøret består av et omtrentlig sylindrisk avsnitt (3) som går over i et avsmalnende avsnitt (8) etterfulgt av et ytterligere omtrentlig sylindrisk avsnitt (3), idet det i flammerørets nedstrøms anordnede avsnitt er anordnet gjennombrudd (5) og innoverragende ledeinnretninger (4), samt ved at det i flammerøret er anordnet minst et virvlingslegeme (6).2. Burner head, including a flame tube and at least one atomizing nozzle (1) and/or at least one gas nozzle (2), characterized in that the flame tube consists of an approximately cylindrical section (3) which transitions into a tapered section (8) followed by a further approximately cylindrical section (3), in that in the section arranged downstream of the flame pipe there is a breakthrough (5) and inwardly projecting guide devices (4), as well as in that at least one vortex body (6) is arranged in the flame pipe. 3. Brennerhode ifølge krav 2, karakterisert ved at virvlingslegemet (6) er aksial forskyvbart.3. Burner head according to claim 2, characterized in that the swirl body (6) is axially displaceable. 4. Brennerhode ifølge krav 2 eller 3, karakterisert ved at det er anordnet gjennomløp i virvlingslegemet (6).4. Burner head according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that there is an arranged passage in the swirling body (6). 5. Brennerhode ifølge krav 2-4, karakterisert ved at ledeinnretningene (4) har trekantform og er rettet mot fyrrommet.5. Burner head according to claims 2-4, characterized in that the guide devices (4) have a triangular shape and are directed towards the boiler room. 6. Brennerhode ifølge et av kravene 2-5, karakterisert v e d at vinkelen mellom ledeinnretning (4) og flammerøret utgjør 30°-40°.6. Burner head according to one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the angle between the guide device (4) and the flame tube is 30°-40°. 7. Brennerhode ifølge et av kravene 2-8, karakterisert v e d at åpningene i gassdysen (2) er rettet mot veggen i flammerøret.7. Burner head according to one of claims 2-8, characterized in that the openings in the gas nozzle (2) are directed towards the wall of the flame tube. 8. Brennerhode ifølge et av kravene 2-7, karakterisert v e d at det på flammerøret er anordnet en tennbrenner (7).8. Burner head according to one of claims 2-7, characterized in that an igniter (7) is arranged on the flame tube.
NO19980247A 1997-02-07 1998-01-20 Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels NO311855B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19704721A DE19704721B4 (en) 1997-02-07 1997-02-07 Process and combustion head for the combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO980247D0 NO980247D0 (en) 1998-01-20
NO980247L NO980247L (en) 1998-08-10
NO311855B1 true NO311855B1 (en) 2002-02-04

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Family Applications (1)

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NO19980247A NO311855B1 (en) 1997-02-07 1998-01-20 Method and burner head for combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels

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EP (1) EP0857915B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE218687T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19704721B4 (en)
NO (1) NO311855B1 (en)

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IT201600129822A1 (en) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-22 Ecoflam Bruciatori S P A LOW-EMISSION COMBUSTION HEAD OF NITROGEN OXIDES WITH OVER-LOCKING MUNICIPALITY WITH RECIRCULATION MEANS
DE102017114570B4 (en) 2017-06-29 2021-02-04 MIchael Karlowsky Burner head and combustion process
IT201900006424A1 (en) * 2019-04-29 2020-10-29 Stefano Pesce Combustion head with internal recirculation and burner comprising the same
CN217131272U (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-08-05 百得股份公司 Reduced emission industrial combustor and apparatus
IT202000028394A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-25 Baltur S P A BURNER AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS
IT202000028400A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-05-25 Baltur S P A BURNER AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT WITH REDUCED EMISSIONS
IT202100023477A1 (en) 2021-09-10 2023-03-10 Shanghai Quanjie Envir Equip Co Ltd COMBUSTION HEAD WITH INTERNAL RECIRCULATION AND BURNER INCLUDING THE SAME

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO980247L (en) 1998-08-10
ATE218687T1 (en) 2002-06-15
DE59707408D1 (en) 2002-07-11
NO980247D0 (en) 1998-01-20
DE19704721B4 (en) 2006-08-17
EP0857915A3 (en) 1999-06-16
EP0857915B1 (en) 2002-06-05
DE19704721A1 (en) 1998-08-13
EP0857915A2 (en) 1998-08-12

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