NO311184B1 - Method and apparatus for attaching a foundation to the bedrock - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for attaching a foundation to the bedrock Download PDF

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Publication number
NO311184B1
NO311184B1 NO20001283A NO20001283A NO311184B1 NO 311184 B1 NO311184 B1 NO 311184B1 NO 20001283 A NO20001283 A NO 20001283A NO 20001283 A NO20001283 A NO 20001283A NO 311184 B1 NO311184 B1 NO 311184B1
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NO
Norway
Prior art keywords
foundation
bedrock
recess
formation
anchoring part
Prior art date
Application number
NO20001283A
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Norwegian (no)
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NO20001283L (en
NO20001283D0 (en
Inventor
Jonny Soerensen
Original Assignee
Norsk Miljoekraft As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norsk Miljoekraft As filed Critical Norsk Miljoekraft As
Priority to NO20001283A priority Critical patent/NO311184B1/en
Publication of NO20001283D0 publication Critical patent/NO20001283D0/en
Priority to PCT/NO2001/000104 priority patent/WO2001066861A1/en
Priority to AU2001239601A priority patent/AU2001239601A1/en
Publication of NO20001283L publication Critical patent/NO20001283L/en
Publication of NO311184B1 publication Critical patent/NO311184B1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/50—Piles comprising both precast concrete portions and concrete portions cast in situ
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Description

Oppfinnelsen angår en fremgangsmåte og anordning for fastgjøring av et fundament til fjellgrunn, særlig et fundament for vindturbin. The invention relates to a method and device for fixing a foundation to rock, in particular a foundation for a wind turbine.

En vindturbin (vindmølle) til bruk for produksjon av elektrisk kraft består av tårn (som regel rørtårn i stål), tubinhus med generator og rotor. Tårnet kan ha en høyde på 30-100 m. Rotoren kan ha en diameter på 30 - 80 m og hele konstruk-sjonen vil kunne veie 100 - 200 tonn eller mer. Fundamentet som rørtårnet hviler på har forskjellig utforming alt etter som grunnen består av løsmasser eller fjell. De fundamentløsninger som i dag benyttes for fjell, er utformet som en betong-kloss som er forankret til fjellet ved hjelp av flere dyptgående rette jernstag (trekkstenger) som er boret ned i fjellgrunnen. Man trenger omkring 100 - 250 m<3 >betong til et slikt fundament. Ved temperaturendringer i grunnen og betongen vil stagene endre lengde (de blir lengre når temperaturen øker). Disse kreftene er så store at betongklossen lett kan løsne fra fjellgrunnen, slik at fundamentet blir ustabilt og derved påvirker stabiliteten i selve vindturbinkonstruksjonen. A wind turbine (windmill) for use in the production of electrical power consists of a tower (usually a tubular steel tower), a tube housing with a generator and a rotor. The tower can have a height of 30-100 m. The rotor can have a diameter of 30 - 80 m and the entire construction can weigh 100 - 200 tonnes or more. The foundation on which the tube tower rests has a different design depending on whether the ground consists of loose masses or rock. The foundation solutions that are used for mountains today are designed as a concrete block that is anchored to the rock with the help of several deep straight iron rods (pull rods) that are drilled into the rock bed. You need around 100 - 250 m<3> of concrete for such a foundation. In the event of temperature changes in the ground and concrete, the struts will change length (they become longer as the temperature increases). These forces are so great that the concrete block can easily detach from the bedrock, so that the foundation becomes unstable and thereby affects the stability of the wind turbine structure itself.

Dette har vært søkt løst ved å forspenne jernstag (trekkstenger), hvilket har gitt god effekt. Forspenning av jernstagene krever stor kraft som fremskaffes med hydraulisk utstyr som innebærer en tidkrevende og kostbar arbeidsprosess ved mastefundamentering. Med andre ord en kostbar måte å bygge fundament for vindturbinmast på. This has been sought to be resolved by prestressing iron struts (tie rods), which has produced a good effect. Pre-tensioning the iron struts requires a great deal of power, which is provided with hydraulic equipment, which involves a time-consuming and expensive work process for mast foundations. In other words, an expensive way to build a foundation for a wind turbine mast.

Fra DK 117 336 er det kjent en fremgangsmåte og anordning for fastgjøring av et fundament til fjellgrunnen ved at det i fjellgrunnen er utformet en utsparing som i det minste deler av fundamentet anbringes og innstøpes i. Anordningen består av et formlegeme med innstøpt armering i bunndelen. From DK 117 336, a method and device for fixing a foundation to the bedrock is known in that a recess is formed in the bedrock into which at least parts of the foundation are placed and embedded. The device consists of a form body with cast-in reinforcement in the bottom part.

Formålet med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å komme frem til en fremgangsmåte og anordning som gjør det mulig å fastgjøre fundamenter til fjellgrunn, på en måte som er billigere og samtidig gir bedre stabilitet og sikkerhet for turbinkonst-ruksjonen, enn den ovennevnte, kjente teknikk. The purpose of the present invention is to come up with a method and device which makes it possible to fasten foundations to rock bed, in a way that is cheaper and at the same time provides better stability and safety for the turbine construction, than the above-mentioned, known technique.

Dette oppnås ifølge oppfinnelsen ved en fremgangsmåte og anordning som angitt i de etterfølgende krav. This is achieved according to the invention by a method and device as specified in the following claims.

Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere under henvisning til de skjematiske tegninger, hvor: In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the schematic drawings, where:

Fig. 1 er et vertikalsnitt som illustrerer en utføringsform av oppfinnelsen, Fig. 2 er et grunnriss av en i fjellgrunn utformet, geometrisk formasjon som inngår i oppfinnelsen, og Fig. 3 er et vertikalsnitt som illustrerer en alternativ utføringsform av oppfinnelsen. Fig. 1 is a vertical section illustrating an embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a ground plan of a geometric formation formed in rock bed that forms part of the invention, and Fig. 3 is a vertical section illustrating an alternative embodiment of the invention.

Ved utføringsformen ifølge fig. 1 blir det utformet en geometrisk formasjon In the embodiment according to fig. 1, a geometric formation is designed

1 som fremkommer ved at det bores eller på annen hensiktsmessig måte, for 1 which appears by drilling or in another appropriate way, for

eksempel ved vannskjæring, laser etc, utformes et antall innbyrdes tilgrensende, vertikale hull 2 i fjellgrunnen F. Hullene 2 utformes fortrinnsvis ved helprofilboring, der borehullene tilnærmet tangerer hverandre eller alternativt overlapper hverandre som antydet ved 2' i fig. 2. I det første tilfellet må fjellmassene 3 mellom borehullene 2 fjernes for å oppnå en sammenhengende utsparing eller fordypning 4 i fjellgrunnen F, mens den andre måten å plassere borehull 2' på, gjør at man trenger flere borehull 2' for å fremskaffe den samme sylindriske formasjonen 1, men deretter trenger man ikke å fjerne mellomliggende fjellmasser 3. for example by water cutting, laser etc., a number of mutually adjacent, vertical holes 2 are formed in the bedrock F. The holes 2 are preferably formed by full profile drilling, where the drill holes are approximately tangent to each other or alternatively overlap each other as indicated by 2' in fig. 2. In the first case, the rock mass 3 between the boreholes 2 must be removed in order to achieve a continuous recess or recess 4 in the bedrock F, while the second way of placing boreholes 2' requires several boreholes 2' to provide the same cylindrical formation 1, but then there is no need to remove intermediate rock masses 3.

Den geometriske utformingen av formasjonen 1 vil fortrinnsvis være en lukket kurve som kan være sirkulær som vist i fig. 2, elliptisk, eller ha andre former som trekant, firkant eller annen mangekant eller annen form tilpasset den konst-ruksjon fundamentet skal bære. The geometric design of the formation 1 will preferably be a closed curve which can be circular as shown in fig. 2, elliptical, or have other shapes such as triangle, square or other polygon or other shape adapted to the construction the foundation is to support.

Når man har fremskaffet en sammenhengende fordypning 4 med en mas-siv gjenstående senterdel 5 bestående av fjell, kan et fundament plasseres for innstøping. Fundamentet ved utføringsformen ifølge fig. 1 består av en plattform 6 med en egnet geometrisk form i horisontalplanet, for eksempel sirkulær. Dens størrelse i forhold til formasjonen 1 kan variere. Plattformen 6 er utstyrt med et antall bæresøyler 7, slik at søylene 7 samlet utgjør en form som passer med den tilordnete formasjonen 1, for eksempel i form av en sirkel som passer den ek-semplifiserte sylindriske formasjonen 1. Man kan tenke seg en søyle 7 pr. borehull 2, 2' eller færre eller flere søyler 7. When a continuous recess 4 with a massive remaining central part 5 consisting of rock has been provided, a foundation can be placed for embedment. The foundation in the embodiment according to fig. 1 consists of a platform 6 with a suitable geometric shape in the horizontal plane, for example circular. Its size in relation to the formation 1 may vary. The platform 6 is equipped with a number of support columns 7, so that the columns 7 collectively form a shape that fits the assigned formation 1, for example in the form of a circle that fits the exemplified cylindrical formation 1. One can imagine a column 7 per borehole 2, 2' or fewer or more columns 7.

Søylens 7 tverrsnitt kan ha forskjellig form som sylindrisk, trekantet og mangekantet m.fl. Fortrinnsvis vil søylene 7 utgjøres av tykkveggete, sylindriske stålrør. The column's 7 cross-sections can have different shapes such as cylindrical, triangular and polygonal, etc. Preferably, the columns 7 will consist of thick-walled, cylindrical steel tubes.

Utsparingens 4 tykkelse eller vidde, som normalt vil være hovedsakelig lik borehullenes 2, 2' diameter, vil fortrinnsvis være minst to og normalt ca. tre ganger søylenes 7 maksimale tverrmål. The thickness or width of the recess 4, which will normally be substantially equal to the diameter of the drill holes 2, 2', will preferably be at least two and normally approx. three times the columns' 7 maximum transverse dimensions.

Når plattform 6 med søyler 7 er satt ned i fordypningen 4 fylles det betong B eller annen hensiktsmessige herdende masse i fordypningen 4 rundt søylene 7, slik at disse forankres til fjellgrunnen. For å øke forankringskraften kan det anord-nes på søylene 7 kneformer 8. For ytterligere å øke forankringen kan det i fra fordypningen 4 bores ned og forankres stag 9 til fjellgrunnen som vist på fig. 1. When platform 6 with columns 7 has been set down in the recess 4, concrete B or other appropriate hardening mass is filled in the recess 4 around the columns 7, so that these are anchored to the bedrock. To increase the anchoring force, knee forms 8 can be arranged on the columns 7. To further increase the anchoring, from the recess 4, a stay 9 can be drilled down and anchored to the bedrock as shown in fig. 1.

En alternativ løsning som vist i fig. 3, er at fundamentet består av et enkelt, sylindrisk eller på annen måte hensiktsmessig utformet rør 11 med diameter om-trent lik den sirkulære formasjonens 1 middeldiameter. Røret 11 plasseres i den sammenhengende utsparingen eller fordypningen 4 som borehullene 2, 2' utgjør. Røret 11 trenger ikke å ha en plattform da en mast 10 for vindturbinen kan festes direkte til toppen av røret 11 som kommer over bakken. Masten 10 er da rørformet slik at den passer mot røret 11. Innfestingsteknikken vil være som beskrevet over. An alternative solution as shown in fig. 3, is that the foundation consists of a single, cylindrical or otherwise appropriately designed pipe 11 with a diameter approximately equal to the circular formation's 1 mean diameter. The pipe 11 is placed in the continuous recess or recess 4 which the drill holes 2, 2' form. The pipe 11 does not need to have a platform as a mast 10 for the wind turbine can be attached directly to the top of the pipe 11 which comes above the ground. The mast 10 is then tubular so that it fits against the pipe 11. The fastening technique will be as described above.

Selv om oppfinnelsen som ovenfor beskrevet i første rekke er beregnet på bruk i forbindelse med fundamenter for vindturbiner, kan den selvsagt også benyttes i forbindelse med fundamenter for andre konstruksjoner. Although the invention as described above is primarily intended for use in connection with foundations for wind turbines, it can of course also be used in connection with foundations for other constructions.

Claims (4)

1. Fremgangsmåte for fastgjøring av et fundament til fjellgrunn, hvor det i fjellgrunnen utformes en utsparing (4) som danner en til fundamentet tilpasset, geometrisk formasjon (1), og hvor i det minste deler (7, 11) av fundamentet anbringes og innstøpes i utsparingen (4), karakterisert ved at det for utforming av utsparingen (4) bores et antall innbyrdes tettliggende eller overlappende borehull (2, 2').1. Procedure for fixing a foundation to bedrock, where a recess (4) is formed in the bedrock that forms a geometric formation (1) adapted to the foundation, and where at least parts (7, 11) of the foundation are placed and embedded in the recess (4), characterized in that for the design of the recess (4) a number of closely spaced or overlapping drill holes (2, 2') are drilled. 2. Fremgangsmåte ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at den geometriske formasjonen (1) utformes som en lukket kurve, f.eks. sirkulær, elliptisk eller mangekantet.2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the geometric formation (1) is designed as a closed curve, e.g. circular, elliptical or polygonal. 3. Anordning for bruk ved fastgjøring av et fundament til fjellgrunn, omfat-tende et som en del av fundamentet utformet forankringsparti (7, 11) innrettet til å anbringes og innstøpes i en på forhånd i fjellgrunnen (F) utformet formasjon bestående av en utsparing (4), tilpasset forankringspartiets (7,11) form, karakterisert ved at forankringspartiet er i form av et enkelt rør (11).3. Device for use when fixing a foundation to bedrock, comprising an anchoring part (7, 11) formed as part of the foundation designed to be placed and embedded in a formation formed in advance in the bedrock (F) consisting of a recess (4), adapted to the shape of the anchoring part (7,11), characterized in that the anchoring part is in the form of a single tube (11). 4. Anordning ifølge krav 3, karakterisert ved at forankringspartiet er utstyrt med forankringsforsterkende elementer (8, 9) i form av kneformer (8) og/eller stag (9).4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the anchoring part is equipped with anchoring strengthening elements (8, 9) in the form of knee forms (8) and/or struts (9).
NO20001283A 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Method and apparatus for attaching a foundation to the bedrock NO311184B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20001283A NO311184B1 (en) 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Method and apparatus for attaching a foundation to the bedrock
PCT/NO2001/000104 WO2001066861A1 (en) 2000-03-10 2001-03-09 Method and device for anchoring a foundation to a rock bed
AU2001239601A AU2001239601A1 (en) 2000-03-10 2001-03-09 Method and device for anchoring a foundation to a rock bed

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20001283A NO311184B1 (en) 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Method and apparatus for attaching a foundation to the bedrock

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
NO20001283D0 NO20001283D0 (en) 2000-03-10
NO20001283L NO20001283L (en) 2001-09-11
NO311184B1 true NO311184B1 (en) 2001-10-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NO20001283A NO311184B1 (en) 2000-03-10 2000-03-10 Method and apparatus for attaching a foundation to the bedrock

Country Status (3)

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AU (1) AU2001239601A1 (en)
NO (1) NO311184B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001066861A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105297760A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-02-03 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Drill bit anchoring pile composite foundation strengthening structure
NO20171829A1 (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-20 Comrod As Method of forming a free space for a mast element.
NO20180208A1 (en) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-12 Comrod As Foundation and method for attaching a mast element in loose material.

Families Citing this family (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPR542401A0 (en) * 2001-06-05 2001-06-28 John Nitschke Drilling Pty Ltd Method of drilling a tubular slot
EP1866484A1 (en) 2005-03-16 2007-12-19 Densit A/S Tower foundation system and method for providing such system
DE102008053454B4 (en) * 2008-10-28 2012-07-19 Gisela Wendling-Lenz Hybrid tower construction
DK2192236T3 (en) 2008-12-01 2017-02-20 Vestas Wind Sys As A foundation and method for forming a single-pile foundation
CN101691760B (en) * 2009-09-25 2011-07-27 中国电力科学研究院 Composite foundation combining anchor rods with excavation and construction method thereof
CN103147687B (en) * 2013-02-21 2015-02-11 北京鑫实路桥建设有限公司 Ring-type cutting method for excavating rocks at bottom part of pit shaft of bored pile
NO20171962A1 (en) * 2017-12-08 2019-06-10 Comrod As Method for fixing a conical energy transportation mast to the ground.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK117336B (en) * 1967-01-17 1970-04-13 T Stenquist Method of embedding concrete elements such as piles in a foundation such as concrete, rock or earth, and shaped body for use in carrying out the method.
SU796312A1 (en) * 1979-03-28 1981-01-15 Ленинградское Отделение Всесоюз-Ного Ордена Ленина Проектно-Изыс-Кательского И Научно-Исследовательс-Кого Института "Гидропроект" Им.C.Я.Жука Method of fitting anchors
NO180312C (en) * 1994-03-14 1997-03-26 Kvaerner Eureka As Foundation tubes for use as foundations for masts, posts, columns etc., as well as methods for forming a foundation
JPH10131231A (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-05-19 Seiko Kogyo Kk Excavating method and excavator
JPH1161854A (en) * 1997-08-26 1999-03-05 Ohbayashi Corp Foundation structure for cylindrical tower-like structure
JP3636928B2 (en) * 1999-05-19 2005-04-06 五洋建設株式会社 Foundation structure

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105297760A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-02-03 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Drill bit anchoring pile composite foundation strengthening structure
CN105297760B (en) * 2015-11-13 2018-01-05 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Drill bit anchor pile composite foundation stabilization structure
NO20171829A1 (en) * 2017-11-17 2019-05-20 Comrod As Method of forming a free space for a mast element.
NO344819B1 (en) * 2017-11-17 2020-05-04 Comrod As Method for creating a clearance for a mast element in a ground.
US11530574B2 (en) 2017-11-17 2022-12-20 Comrod As Method for generating a freeroom for a mast element
NO20180208A1 (en) * 2018-02-09 2019-08-12 Comrod As Foundation and method for attaching a mast element in loose material.
NO345246B1 (en) * 2018-02-09 2020-11-16 Comrod As Foundation and method for attaching a mast element comprising a hollow end portion in loose material.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001066861A1 (en) 2001-09-13
NO20001283L (en) 2001-09-11
AU2001239601A1 (en) 2001-09-17
NO20001283D0 (en) 2000-03-10

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