NO308988B1 - emulsifier - Google Patents
emulsifier Download PDFInfo
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- NO308988B1 NO308988B1 NO990858A NO990858A NO308988B1 NO 308988 B1 NO308988 B1 NO 308988B1 NO 990858 A NO990858 A NO 990858A NO 990858 A NO990858 A NO 990858A NO 308988 B1 NO308988 B1 NO 308988B1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- solution
- lignosulfonate
- trivalent
- lignin
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- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920005611 kraft lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004117 Lignosulphonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019357 lignosulphonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 28
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 20
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004533 oil dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZMWAXVAETNTVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-n,8-n,5-triphenylphenazin-5-ium-2,3,7,8-tetramine;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=1C=CC=CC=1NC=1C=C2[N+](C=3C=CC=CC=3)=C3C=C(N)C(N)=CC3=NC2=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 ZMWAXVAETNTVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001676573 Minium Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100273253 Rhizopus niveus RNAP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical class [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- KNZUAMRYQXIWSR-RUAUHYFQSA-N curan Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[C@@]3([C@@H]4C5)CCN4C[C@@H](CC)[C@H]5[C@@H](C)[C@@H]3NC2=C1 KNZUAMRYQXIWSR-RUAUHYFQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L disodium;(2r)-3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].COC1=CC=CC(C[C@H](CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O YDEXUEFDPVHGHE-GGMCWBHBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003090 pesticide formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003385 sodium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/50—Derivatives of lignin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører fremgangsmåte som angitt i krav 1 ingress samt anvendelse angitt i krav 9, ved fremstilling av en vandig emulsjon ved å dispergere minst en i vann ikke blandbar væske i nærvær av et dispergeringsmiddel. The present invention relates to the method as stated in claim 1 preamble as well as the application stated in claim 9, in the production of an aqueous emulsion by dispersing at least one liquid immiscible in water in the presence of a dispersing agent.
Oppfinnelsens anvendelsesområde Scope of the invention
Oppfinnelsen kan benyttes for å lage og lagre stabile emulsjoner av oljer og andre væskeformede, hydrofobe organiske forbindelser i vann. Oppfinnelsen er også egnet ved disper-gering av lavtsmeltende fast organiske forbindelser som, på grunn av energitilførselen, under deler av prosesseringen vil være i flytende form. Oppfinnelsen er også egnet ved høytemperaturdispergering hvor man emulgerer organiske forbindelser som en smelte men hvor de i det endelige produk-tet er på fast form. Oppfinnelsene egner seg som emulsjonsstabilisator over et bredt konsentrasjonsområde fra 0 - 90% olje i vann. The invention can be used to make and store stable emulsions of oils and other liquid, hydrophobic organic compounds in water. The invention is also suitable for dispersing low-melting solid organic compounds which, due to the energy input, will be in liquid form during parts of the processing. The invention is also suitable for high-temperature dispersion where organic compounds are emulsified as a melt but where they are in solid form in the final product. The inventions are suitable as emulsion stabilizers over a wide concentration range from 0 - 90% oil in water.
Emulsjoner har en rekke anvendelser, f.eks, ved frakt av Emulsions have a number of applications, for example, in shipping of
tungoljer og tungoljef raks joner som en mindre viskøs emulsjon; ved frakt av bitumen og asfalten emulsjoner som mindre viskøse emulsjoner; ved framstilling av pesticid-formu-leringer hvor de aktive ingrediensene ofte er ikke-vannløs-lige organiske forbindelser. Emulsjoner kan også anvendes ved f.eks. tekstilfarging hvor vann-uløslige fargestoffer bringes i en emulsjon. heavy oils and heavy oil fractions as a less viscous emulsion; when shipping bitumen and asphaltene emulsions as less viscous emulsions; in the production of pesticide formulations where the active ingredients are often non-water-soluble organic compounds. Emulsions can also be used for e.g. textile dyeing where water-insoluble dyes are brought into an emulsion.
Emulsjoner er også brukt i en rekke matvarer, med valget av de riktige kationer og tilstrekkelig renset lignosulfonat er det derfor ingenting i veien for å benytte denne oppfinnelsen i stabilisering av matvarer, f6rstoffer eller medi-sinske sammensetninger. Emulsions are also used in a number of foodstuffs, with the selection of the right cations and sufficiently purified lignosulfonate there is therefore nothing to prevent using this invention in stabilizing foodstuffs, raw materials or medical compositions.
Emulsjoner er ikke termodynamisk stabile. Med en stabil emulsjon menes en emulsjon som ikke endrer makroskopiske egenskaper over den tiden som er interessant. Avhengig av Emulsions are not thermodynamically stable. By a stable emulsion is meant an emulsion which does not change its macroscopic properties over the period of interest. Dependent on
anvendelsene kan tiden være fra noen dager til flere år. En emulsjon kan kreme eller sedimentere. Ved kreming får vi en anriking av den emulgerte fasen på toppen av den kontinuerlige fasen, ved sedimentasjon får vi en anriking av den the applications can last from a few days to several years. An emulsion can cream or settle. With creaming we get an enrichment of the emulsified phase on top of the continuous phase, with sedimentation we get an enrichment of the
emulgerte fasen på bunnen av den kontinuerlige fasen. Hvor-vidt vi får en kreming eller en sedimentasjon avhenger av tettheten på den emulgerte og den kontinuerlige fasen. Etter kreming eller sedimentasjon kan man enkelt ved røring eller risting re-emulgere oljefasen i vann. Et viktig trekk ved oppfinnelsen er at selv etter kreming hindres eller sedimentasjon hindres koalesensen, slik at emulsjonene lett kan ristes opp igjen. emulsified phase at the bottom of the continuous phase. Whether we get a creaming or a sedimentation depends on the density of the emulsified and the continuous phase. After creaming or sedimentation, the oil phase can be easily re-emulsified in water by stirring or shaking. An important feature of the invention is that even after creaming, coalescence is prevented or sedimentation is prevented, so that the emulsions can be easily shaken up again.
Ved flokkulering vil to eller flere dråper aggregeres, selv om det fortsatt er adskilte dråper vil de vanskelig kunne skilles fra hverandre. Dette er en tilnærmet irreversible mekanisme og en fullstendig re-emulgering må til. During flocculation, two or more droplets will aggregate, even if there are still separate droplets, they will be difficult to separate from each other. This is an almost irreversible mechanism and a complete re-emulsification is required.
Koalescense har vi når to dråper kolliderer og danner en større dråpe. Dette er en irreversible mekanisme og en fullstendig re-emulgering må til. Coalescence is when two drops collide and form a larger drop. This is an irreversible mechanism and a complete re-emulsification is required.
Sammensmelting og flokkulering er normalt raskere i kremede og sedimenterte emulsjoner, siden konsentrasjonen av den emulgerte fasen er mye høyere der. Et viktig trekk ved den foreliggende oppfinnelsen er at selv etter kreming hindres eller sedimentasjon hindres koalesensen, slik at emulsjonene lett kan ristes opp igjen. Coalescence and flocculation are normally faster in creamed and settled emulsions, since the concentration of the emulsified phase is much higher there. An important feature of the present invention is that, even after creaming, coalescence is prevented or sedimentation is prevented, so that the emulsions can be easily shaken up again.
Beskrivelse av oppfinnelsen Description of the invention
Lignosulfonater har i en årrekke vært benyttet for å dispergere faste partikler i en vannfase. Eksempler på dette er, sement, fargestoffer, pesticider, og carbon black. Ligniner og lignosulfonater har imidlertid vist seg mindre egnet for å dispergere flytende forbindelser. Lignosulfonates have been used for a number of years to disperse solid particles in a water phase. Examples of this are cement, dyes, pesticides and carbon black. However, lignins and lignosulfonates have proven less suitable for dispersing liquid compounds.
Ligniner er en viktig komponent i trevirke. Ligniner fri-gjøres ved cellulose koking. Lignin kan frigjøres i to ulike former, enten som lignosulfonater eller som kraftligniner. Lignins are an important component of wood. Lignins are released by cellulose boiling. Lignin can be released in two different forms, either as lignosulfonates or as kraft lignins.
Lignosulfonater er ligniner derivater framstilt ved sul-fittkok av cellulose. Råmaterialet kan være bartre, løvtre eller ettårige planter. Rå lignosulfonater inneholder ulike sukkerarter. Disse kan fjernes ved ulike, kjente prosess-trinn som ultrafiltrering, fermentering, og kjemisk destruksjon. I tråd med vanlig praksis benevner vi både ligninprodukter med og uten sukker som lignosulfonater. Rensede eller urensede lignosulfonater kan videre behandles for å minske graden av sulfonering eller de kan sulfoneres ytterligere etter kjente prosesser. Lignosulphonates are lignin derivatives produced by sulphite boiling of cellulose. The raw material can be softwood, hardwood or annual plants. Raw lignosulfonates contain various sugars. These can be removed by various known process steps such as ultrafiltration, fermentation and chemical destruction. In line with common practice, we name both lignin products with and without sugar as lignosulfonates. Purified or unpurified lignosulfonates can be further treated to reduce the degree of sulfonation or they can be further sulfonated according to known processes.
Kraftlignin framstilles ved alkalisk kok av cellulose. Råmaterialet kan være bartre, løvtre eller ettårige planter. Ved surgjøring av avluten felles kraftligniner ut. Kraftligniner kan ytterligere modifiseres ved kjente prosesser som sulfonering eller sulfomethylering, noe som bed-rer deres løslighet ved lav pH. Kraft lignin is produced by alkaline boiling of cellulose. The raw material can be softwood, hardwood or annual plants. During acidification of the leachate, kraft lignins are separated. Kraft lignins can be further modified by known processes such as sulfonation or sulfomethylation, which improves their solubility at low pH.
Kraftligniner og lignosulfonater kan reageres med hverandre for å danne blandingsprodukter. Kraft lignins and lignosulfonates can be reacted with each other to form mixed products.
For enkelthets skyld vil alle de ulike ligninproduktene bli omtalt som ligniner i dette arbeidet. For the sake of simplicity, all the various lignin products will be referred to as lignins in this work.
Ligniner stabiliserer faste dispersjoner ved å legge seg på partikkeloverflaten og bidra til både elektrostatisk og sterisk stabilisering. For emulsjoner har ligniner generelt vist seg lite egnet. De makter i liten grad å hindre sammensmelting av de ulike dråpene, og dermed faseseparasjon. Lignins stabilize solid dispersions by settling on the particle surface and contributing to both electrostatic and steric stabilization. For emulsions, lignins have generally proven not to be suitable. To a small extent, they are able to prevent the coalescence of the various droplets, and thus phase separation.
Normalt vis tilsetning av salter redusere den elektro-statiske frastøtningen mellom ladde partikkeloverflater. Tilsetting av salter vil derfor normalt destabilisere en dispersjone eller emulsjon. Den kritiske koaguleringskonsentrasjonen defineres som den salt konsentrasjonen som trengs for å destabilisere emulsjonen. Den er sterkt avhengig av størrelsen på den elektriske ladningen på ionene i saltet. Den kritiske koaguleringskonsentrasjonen reduseres med 6te potens av ladningene i følge Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey og Overbeek's lov (DLVO-teorien). Det er derfor uventet og overraskende at tilsetning av tre- eller fler-verdige kationer til en emulsjon stabilisert med ligniner viser en sterkt forbedret lagringsstabilitet. Stabiliseringen er lite følsom for mengden av fler-verdige kationer som er tilsatt. Stabiliseringen finner sted ved lignosulfonater, kraftlignin, sulfometylerte kraftligniner, desulfo-nerte lignosulfonater, oksyderte ligniner og blandinger av, eller reaksjonsprodukter mellom disse. Ved korrekte løsningsbetingelser utgjør lignosulfonatene en effektiv beskyttelse mot koalesense. Selv om det skjer en kreming, eller sedimentasjon, kan emulsjonen lagres lenge uten koalesense. Dette betyr at emulsjonen enkelt kan ristes opp igj en. Normally, the addition of salts reduces the electrostatic repulsion between charged particle surfaces. Addition of salts will therefore normally destabilize a dispersion or emulsion. The critical coagulation concentration is defined as the salt concentration needed to destabilize the emulsion. It is strongly dependent on the magnitude of the electric charge on the ions in the salt. The critical coagulation concentration is reduced by the 6th power of the charges according to Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey and Overbeek's law (the DLVO theory). It is therefore unexpected and surprising that the addition of trivalent or polyvalent cations to an emulsion stabilized with lignins shows a greatly improved storage stability. The stabilization is not very sensitive to the amount of multivalent cations added. Stabilization takes place with lignosulfonates, kraft lignin, sulfomethylated kraft lignins, desulfonated lignosulfonates, oxidized lignins and mixtures of, or reaction products between, these. Under correct solution conditions, the lignosulfonates provide effective protection against coalescence. Even if a creaming, or sedimentation, occurs, the emulsion can be stored for a long time without coalescence. This means that the emulsion can easily be shaken up again.
Oppfinnelsen er således særpreget det som er angitt i krav 1 karakteriserende del, ved at det som dispergeringsmiddel anvendes en blanding av lignosulfonat eller et kraftlignin eller blandinger derav, og et salt av ett eller flere treverdige og fireverdige kationer. Ytterligere trekk fremgår av krav 2-8. The invention is thus characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1, in that a mixture of lignosulfonate or a kraft lignin or mixtures thereof, and a salt of one or more trivalent and tetravalent cations is used as dispersant. Further features appear in requirements 2-8.
Eksempler Examples
Eksempel 1 Example 1
60 ml av en løsning av Ultrazine NA, et høymolekylært renset natriumlignosulfonate og aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 40 ml dieselolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter i en Waring blender. Mengde lignosulfonat og alu- 60 ml of a solution of Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum chloride in water was added to 40 ml of diesel oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes in a Waring blender. Amount of lignosulfonate and alu-
minium i vannfasen fremgår av tabellen under, sammen med resultatet fra de ulike forsøkene. minium in the water phase is shown in the table below, together with the results from the various experiments.
Eksempel 2 Example 2
60 ml av en løsning av ulike ligninprodukter 3% (v/v) og kromklorid (0.01 M) i vann ble tilsatt 3 0 ml dieselolje. Løsningene ble homogenisert i 1-3 minutter i en Waring blender. Type lignosulfonat og resultater fremgår av tabellen under. 60 ml of a solution of various lignin products 3% (v/v) and chromium chloride (0.01 M) in water was added to 30 ml of diesel oil. The solutions were homogenized for 1-3 minutes in a Waring blender. Type of lignosulfonate and results are shown in the table below.
Eksempel 3 Example 3
60 ml av en løsning av ulike ligninprodukter 3% (v/v) og titan (III) klorid (0.01 M) i vann ble tilsatt 30 ml dieselolje. Løsningene ble homogenisert i 1-3 minutter i en 60 ml of a solution of various lignin products 3% (v/v) and titanium (III) chloride (0.01 M) in water was added to 30 ml of diesel oil. The solutions were homogenized for 1-3 minutes in a
Waring blender. Type lignosulfonat og resultater fremgår av tabellen under. Waring blender. Type of lignosulfonate and results are shown in the table below.
Eksempel 4 Example 4
Løsninger av 3 % av ulike ligninprodukter og ulike salter ble laget i vann. 40 ml soyaolje ble dispergert i 60 ml av vannfasen. Kationer og konsentrasjoner er gitt i tabellen under, sammen med resultatene fra dispergeringstester. Solutions of 3% of various lignin products and various salts were made in water. 40 ml of soybean oil was dispersed in 60 ml of the water phase. Cations and concentrations are given in the table below, together with the results of dispersion tests.
Eksempel 5 Example 5
Løsninger med lignosulfonatene Ultrazine NA, et høymoleky-lært renset natrium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; Ufoxane, 2 et høymolykært desulfonert natrium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; Borresperse NA, et natrium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; Borresperse CA, et bartre calcium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; Borresperse NA-SA, et løvtre natrium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; SD-60, en kraft lignin/ lignosulfonat co-polymer fra Borregård LignoTech; DP-et høysulfonert lignosulfonat, ; Wafex P, et sukkerrikt calcium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; Borrebond DD, et lavmolekylært sukkerrikt calcium lignosulfonat fra Borregård LignoTech; Vanisperse CB, et lavmolekylært oxylignin fra Borregård LignoTech; Curan 27-11, et kraft lignin fra Borregård LignoTech, Indulin AT, et sulfomethylert kraftlignin fra WestVaco; Polyfon 0, et sulfomethylert kraftlignin fra WestVaco; Kraftplex DD8, et sul f omethylert kraftlignin fra WestVaco; Reax 85 A, et sulfomethylert kraftlignin fra WestVaco; Vanillex RNAP, et løvtre oxylignin fra Nippon Paper Industries Co.; Vian-Ultra; DP-407, et desulfonert bartre lignosulfonat; DP-411, et høysulfonert bartre lignosulfonat, XP-9 et sulfometylert kraftlignin fra Borregaard LignoTech og aluminum klorid ble laget. Ulike oljer ble dispergert. Resultatene er anvist i tabellen nedenfor som angir lignintype, mengder, aluminium konsentrasjon og oljetype, sammen med resultatet. Solutions with the lignosulphonates Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulphonate from Borregård LignoTech; Ufoxane, 2 a high molecular weight desulfonated sodium lignosulfonate from Borregård LignoTech; Borresperse NA, a sodium lignosulfonate from Borregård LignoTech; Borresperse CA, a softwood calcium lignosulfonate from Borregård LignoTech; Borrespresse NA-SA, a hardwood sodium lignosulfonate from Borregård LignoTech; SD-60, a kraft lignin/lignosulfonate co-polymer from Borregård LignoTech; DP a highly sulfonated lignosulfonate, ; Wafex P, a sugar-rich calcium lignosulfonate from Borregård LignoTech; Borrebond DD, a low-molecular sugar-rich calcium lignosulfonate from Borregård LignoTech; Vanisperse CB, a low molecular weight oxylignin from Borregård LignoTech; Curan 27-11, a kraft lignin from Borregård LignoTech, Indulin AT, a sulfomethylated kraft lignin from WestVaco; Polyfon 0, a sulfomethylated kraft lignin from WestVaco; Kraftplex DD8, a sulf omethylated kraft lignin from WestVaco; Reax 85 A, a sulfomethylated kraft lignin from WestVaco; Vanillex RNAP, a hardwood oxylignin from Nippon Paper Industries Co.; Vian-Ultra; DP-407, a desulfonated softwood lignosulfonate; DP-411, a highly sulphonated softwood lignosulphonate, XP-9 a sulphomethylated kraft lignin from Borregaard LignoTech and aluminum chloride were made. Various oils were dispersed. The results are indicated in the table below which indicates the lignin type, amounts, aluminum concentration and oil type, together with the result.
Eksempel 6 Example 6
Borresperse NA (3% v/v) og ulike konsentrasjoner av jern(III) klorid, ble pH justert med saltsyre eller natron-lut. 60 ml vannfase ble benyttet for å dispergere 40 ml soyaolje. Resultatene er vist i tabellen under. Boron press NA (3% v/v) and various concentrations of iron(III) chloride, the pH was adjusted with hydrochloric acid or caustic soda. 60 ml of water phase was used to disperse 40 ml of soybean oil. The results are shown in the table below.
Eksempel 7 Example 7
60 ml av en løsning av Ultrazine NA, et høymolekylært renset natriumlignosulfonate og aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 40 ml dieselolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter i en Waring blender. Etter 1 måned ble den kremede oljedispersjonen separert fra. 60 ml of a solution of Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum chloride in water was added to 40 ml of diesel oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes in a Waring blender. After 1 month, the creamy oil dispersion was separated from
Oljedispersjonen ble ristet sammen med mettet natriumklorid løsning. Dispersjonen kremet, men var fortsatt stabil. The oil dispersion was shaken together with saturated sodium chloride solution. The dispersion creamed but was still stable.
Eksempel 8 Example 8
60 ml av en løsning av Ultrazine NA, et høymolekylært renset natriumlignosulfonate og aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 40 ml dieselolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter i en Waring blender. Etter 1 måned ble den kremede oljedispersjonen separert fra. 60 ml of a solution of Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum chloride in water was added to 40 ml of diesel oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes in a Waring blender. After 1 month, the creamy oil dispersion was separated from
Oljedispersjonen ble ristet sammen med 10 gr/liter EDTA-løsning. Dispersjonen kremet, men var fortsatt stabil. The oil dispersion was shaken together with 10 gr/litre EDTA solution. The dispersion creamed but was still stable.
Eksempel 9 Example 9
60 ml av en løsning av Ultrazine NA, et høymolekylært renset natriumlignosulfonate og aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 40 ml dieselolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter i en Waring blender. Etter 1 måned ble den kremede oljedispersjonen separert fra. 60 ml of a solution of Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum chloride in water was added to 40 ml of diesel oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes in a Waring blender. After 1 month, the creamy oil dispersion was separated from
01jedispersjonen ble ristet sammen med en buffer løsning med pH 4. Dispersjonen kremet, men var fortsatt stabil. The dispersion was shaken together with a buffer solution of pH 4. The dispersion creamed, but was still stable.
Eksempel 10 Example 10
60 ml av en løsning av Ultrazine NA, et høymolekylært renset natriumlignosulfonate og aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 40 ml dieselolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter i en Waring blender. Etter 1 måned ble den kremede oljedispersjonen separert fra. 60 ml of a solution of Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate and aluminum chloride in water was added to 40 ml of diesel oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes in a Waring blender. After 1 month, the creamy oil dispersion was separated from
Oljedispersjonen ble ristet sammen med en buffer løsning med pH 10. Dispersjonen kremet, men var fortsatt stabil. The oil dispersion was shaken together with a buffer solution with pH 10. The dispersion creamed, but was still stable.
Eksempel 11 Example 11
En blanding av et kromlignosulfonat og Ultrazine NA et høy-molekylært renset natrium lignosulfonat ble laget i vann. 40 ml rapsolje ble dispergert i 60 ml av vannfasen. Vannfasen ble også lagret i ulike tider før dispergeringen ble foretatt. A mixture of a chromium lignosulfonate and Ultrazine NA a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate was made in water. 40 ml of rapeseed oil were dispersed in 60 ml of the water phase. The water phase was also stored for various times before the dispersion was carried out.
Ulike mengder av de to lignosulf onat ene ble benyttet. Different amounts of the two lignosulfonates were used.
Eksempel 12 Example 12
Silikonolje og en løsning av 3% Ultrazine NA, og 5»10"<4> M AlClj i vann ble homogenisert. Mengder av olje og vann er gitt i tabellen under, sammen med resultatene. Silicone oil and a solution of 3% Ultrazine NA, and 5"10"<4> M AlClj in water were homogenized. Amounts of oil and water are given in the table below, along with the results.
Eksempel 13 Example 13
72 ml av en løsning av 2% Ultrazine NA, et høymolekylært renset natriumlignosulfonate og 0.01 M aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 50 ml råolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter med en Ultra-Turrax stavmikser. Emulsjonen kremet, men lot seg lett redispergere. 72 ml of a solution of 2% Ultrazine NA, a high molecular weight purified sodium lignosulfonate and 0.01 M aluminum chloride in water was added to 50 ml of crude oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes with an Ultra-Turrax stick mixer. The emulsion was creamy, but easily redispersed.
Eksempel 14 Example 14
72 ml av en løsning av 2% XP-9 et sulfometylert kraftlignin og 0.01 M aluminium klorid i vann ble tilsatt 50 ml råolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 3 minutter i en Ultra-Turrax stavmikser. Emulsjonen kremet, men lot seg lett redispergere. 72 ml of a solution of 2% XP-9 a sulfomethylated kraft lignin and 0.01 M aluminum chloride in water was added to 50 ml of crude oil. The solution was homogenized for 3 minutes in an Ultra-Turrax stick mixer. The emulsion was creamy, but easily redispersed.
Eksempel 15 Example 15
90 ml løsning av 2% Ultrazine NA, 0.01 M aluminium klorid og 33% glycerol ble tilsatt 60 ml rapsolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 2 minutter med en Ultra-Turrax stavmikser. Emulsjonen kremet, men lot seg lett redispergere. 90 ml solution of 2% Ultrazine NA, 0.01 M aluminum chloride and 33% glycerol was added to 60 ml rapeseed oil. The solution was homogenized for 2 minutes with an Ultra-Turrax stick blender. The emulsion was creamy, but easily redispersed.
Eksempel 16 Example 16
90 ml løsning av 2% Ultrazine NA, 0.01 M aluminium klorid og 33% etylenglykol ble tilsatt 60 ml rapsolje. Løsningen ble homogenisert i 2 minutter med en Ultra-Turrax stavmikser. Emulsjonen kremet, men lot seg lett redispergere. 90 ml solution of 2% Ultrazine NA, 0.01 M aluminum chloride and 33% ethylene glycol was added to 60 ml rapeseed oil. The solution was homogenized for 2 minutes with an Ultra-Turrax stick blender. The emulsion was creamy, but easily redispersed.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO990858A NO308988B1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 1999-02-23 | emulsifier |
| PCT/NO2000/000041 WO2000050164A1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-02-07 | Lignine composition as stabilizer in water based emulsions |
| AU25820/00A AU2582000A (en) | 1999-02-23 | 2000-02-07 | Lignine composition as stabilizer in water based emulsions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO990858A NO308988B1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 1999-02-23 | emulsifier |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO990858D0 NO990858D0 (en) | 1999-02-23 |
| NO990858L NO990858L (en) | 2000-08-24 |
| NO308988B1 true NO308988B1 (en) | 2000-11-27 |
Family
ID=19902996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO990858A NO308988B1 (en) | 1999-02-23 | 1999-02-23 | emulsifier |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2582000A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO308988B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000050164A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3044240B1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-12-22 | Centre National De La Recherche Scient (Cnrs) | EVAPORATION CONTROL OF EMULSIONS STABILIZED WITH LIGNIN |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4394213A (en) * | 1981-07-01 | 1983-07-19 | Chevron Research Company | Hydroxy-aluminum/lignin sulfonate compositions |
| JP3024526B2 (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 2000-03-21 | 日本製紙株式会社 | Lignin composition, method for producing the same, and cement dispersant using the same |
-
1999
- 1999-02-23 NO NO990858A patent/NO308988B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-02-07 AU AU25820/00A patent/AU2582000A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-07 WO PCT/NO2000/000041 patent/WO2000050164A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2582000A (en) | 2000-09-14 |
| NO990858L (en) | 2000-08-24 |
| NO990858D0 (en) | 1999-02-23 |
| WO2000050164A1 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
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