NO302327B1 - Optisk forsterker med aktiv dobbeltkjernefiber og med bredbåndet signalbölgelengde - Google Patents
Optisk forsterker med aktiv dobbeltkjernefiber og med bredbåndet signalbölgelengde Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO302327B1 NO302327B1 NO903536A NO903536A NO302327B1 NO 302327 B1 NO302327 B1 NO 302327B1 NO 903536 A NO903536 A NO 903536A NO 903536 A NO903536 A NO 903536A NO 302327 B1 NO302327 B1 NO 302327B1
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- core
- fiber
- wavelength
- cores
- optical fiber
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 127
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 51
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Er]O[Er]=O VQCBHWLJZDBHOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 erbium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002189 fluorescence spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000146 host glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001795 light effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-HNNXBMFYSA-N (-)-demecolcine Chemical compound C1=C(OC)C(=O)C=C2[C@@H](NC)CCC3=CC(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C3C2=C1 NNJPGOLRFBJNIW-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N argon Substances [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007274 generation of a signal involved in cell-cell signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06754—Fibre amplifiers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
- G02B6/2835—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers
- G02B2006/2839—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers fabricated from double or twin core fibres
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S2301/00—Functional characteristics
- H01S2301/04—Gain spectral shaping, flattening
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
- H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
- H01S3/06737—Fibre having multiple non-coaxial cores, e.g. multiple active cores or separate cores for pump and gain
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
- Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Light Guides In General And Applications Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB898918377A GB8918377D0 (en) | 1989-08-11 | 1989-08-11 | Optical fibre structure |
| IT01934090A IT1237979B (it) | 1990-02-12 | 1990-02-12 | Amplificatore ottico a fibra attiva a doppio nucleo,a larga banda di lunghezza d'onda di segnale |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO903536D0 NO903536D0 (no) | 1990-08-10 |
| NO903536L NO903536L (no) | 1991-02-12 |
| NO302327B1 true NO302327B1 (no) | 1998-02-16 |
Family
ID=26295738
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO903536A NO302327B1 (no) | 1989-08-11 | 1990-08-10 | Optisk forsterker med aktiv dobbeltkjernefiber og med bredbåndet signalbölgelengde |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5087108A (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP0417441B1 (ko) |
| JP (1) | JP2853893B2 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR0164606B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN1016551B (ko) |
| AR (1) | AR242685A1 (ko) |
| AT (1) | ATE101456T1 (ko) |
| AU (1) | AU632601B2 (ko) |
| BR (1) | BR9004067A (ko) |
| CA (1) | CA2021801C (ko) |
| CZ (1) | CZ282395B6 (ko) |
| DE (1) | DE69006561T2 (ko) |
| DK (1) | DK0417441T3 (ko) |
| ES (1) | ES2051417T3 (ko) |
| FI (1) | FI903980A0 (ko) |
| HK (1) | HK114494A (ko) |
| HU (1) | HU210856B (ko) |
| IE (1) | IE65559B1 (ko) |
| MX (1) | MX172407B (ko) |
| MY (1) | MY108522A (ko) |
| NO (1) | NO302327B1 (ko) |
| NZ (1) | NZ234688A (ko) |
| PH (1) | PH27426A (ko) |
| PL (1) | PL163026B1 (ko) |
| PT (1) | PT94963B (ko) |
| SK (1) | SK280635B6 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5087108A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1992-02-11 | Societa' Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. | Double-core active-fiber optical amplifier having a wide-band signal wavelength |
| US5245467A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1993-09-14 | Pirelli Cavi S.P.A. | Amplifier with a samarium-erbium doped active fiber |
| GB9010943D0 (en) * | 1990-05-16 | 1990-07-04 | British Telecomm | Wave-guiding structure with lasing properties |
| GB2245121B (en) * | 1990-06-16 | 1994-03-16 | Stc Plc | Telemetry |
| US5155621A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-10-13 | Fujitsu Limited | Optical fiber amplifier |
| FR2675649B1 (fr) * | 1991-04-22 | 1993-07-16 | Alcatel Nv | Systeme de telecommunications a amplificateurs optiques a fibre pour la transmission de signaux a longues distances. |
| IL106766A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1995-12-31 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Two-way sebo-optical amplifier for missile guidance data channel repeater |
| US5319652A (en) * | 1993-01-29 | 1994-06-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Super luminescent light source |
| IT1270032B (it) * | 1994-04-14 | 1997-04-28 | Pirelli Cavi Spa | Sistema di telecomunicazione amplificata a multiplazione a divisione di lunghezza d'onda |
| GB9503781D0 (en) * | 1994-05-19 | 1995-04-12 | Univ Southampton | External cavity laser |
| IT1273676B (it) | 1994-07-25 | 1997-07-09 | Pirelli Cavi Spa | Sistema di telecomunicazione amplificata a multiplazione a divisione di lunghezza d'onda,con potenza di ricezione equalizzata |
| US5566196A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1996-10-15 | Sdl, Inc. | Multiple core fiber laser and optical amplifier |
| GB2302957B (en) * | 1995-07-04 | 1999-07-21 | Pirelli General Plc | Optical structures with two optical guidance paths |
| KR100392820B1 (ko) * | 1995-09-26 | 2003-10-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 이득평탄용어븀도핑광섬유및그제조장치 |
| GB9803275D0 (en) | 1998-02-16 | 1998-04-08 | Univ Southampton | Optical fibre filters |
| US6144677A (en) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-11-07 | Trw Inc. | High average power fiber laser system with phase conjugation |
| CA2344200A1 (en) * | 1998-09-16 | 2000-03-23 | Venkata A. Bhagavatula | Multicore and multimode dispersion managed fibers |
| US6366356B1 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2002-04-02 | Trw Inc. | High average power fiber laser system with high-speed, parallel wavefront sensor |
| US6459526B1 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2002-10-01 | Corning Incorporated | L band amplifier with distributed filtering |
| US7085461B2 (en) * | 2001-04-30 | 2006-08-01 | Verrillon, Inc. | Optical fiber with visualization features |
| US6574406B2 (en) * | 2001-09-11 | 2003-06-03 | Corning Incorporated | Selectively absorbing optical fibers for optical amplifiers |
| US7272287B2 (en) | 2005-05-11 | 2007-09-18 | Fitel Usa Corp | Optical fiber filter for suppression of amplified spontaneous emission |
| JP2009105080A (ja) * | 2006-01-04 | 2009-05-14 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 増幅用光ファイバ |
| JP4892316B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-06 | 2012-03-07 | 株式会社フジクラ | マルチコアファイバ |
| US7822077B2 (en) * | 2007-09-13 | 2010-10-26 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Thulium doped fiber configuration for enhanced high power operation |
| WO2009094114A1 (en) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-07-30 | Corning Incorporated | Aluminum doped optical fiber |
| US7848014B2 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2010-12-07 | Cisco Technology, Inc. | Erbium and Erbium/Ytterbium cladding pumped hybrid optical amplifier |
| JP2013518310A (ja) * | 2010-01-26 | 2013-05-20 | コーニング インコーポレイテッド | 光ファイバ |
| JP5982992B2 (ja) * | 2012-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マルチコア光ファイバ |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4546476A (en) * | 1982-12-10 | 1985-10-08 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Fiber optic amplifier |
| US4723824A (en) * | 1983-11-25 | 1988-02-09 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Fiber optic amplifier |
| US4787927A (en) * | 1985-08-13 | 1988-11-29 | National Research Development Corporation | Fabrication of optical fibers |
| GB8713081D0 (en) * | 1987-06-04 | 1987-07-08 | Pirelli General Plc | Optical fibre attenuators |
| IT1215681B (it) * | 1988-01-12 | 1990-02-22 | Pirelli General Plc | Amplificazione di segnali ottici. |
| FR2638854B1 (fr) * | 1988-11-10 | 1992-09-04 | Comp Generale Electricite | Amplificateur laser a fibre optique dopee |
| US5087108A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1992-02-11 | Societa' Cavi Pirelli S.P.A. | Double-core active-fiber optical amplifier having a wide-band signal wavelength |
| US5260823A (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1993-11-09 | University Of Southampton | Erbium-doped fibre amplifier with shaped spectral gain |
| US5067789A (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1991-11-26 | Corning Incorporated | Fiber optic coupling filter and amplifier |
| US5216728A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1993-06-01 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fiber amplifier with filter |
| US5131069A (en) * | 1991-08-12 | 1992-07-14 | Corning Incorporated | Fiber amplifier having modified gain spectrum |
-
1990
- 1990-07-13 US US07/553,246 patent/US5087108A/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-19 MY MYPI90001208A patent/MY108522A/en unknown
- 1990-07-23 CA CA002021801A patent/CA2021801C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-25 AU AU59831/90A patent/AU632601B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-07-26 AT AT90114341T patent/ATE101456T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-07-26 EP EP90114341A patent/EP0417441B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-26 ES ES90114341T patent/ES2051417T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-07-26 DE DE69006561T patent/DE69006561T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-07-26 DK DK90114341.2T patent/DK0417441T3/da active
- 1990-07-27 NZ NZ234688A patent/NZ234688A/en unknown
- 1990-07-31 MX MX021786A patent/MX172407B/es unknown
- 1990-08-01 PH PH40937A patent/PH27426A/en unknown
- 1990-08-09 AR AR90317566A patent/AR242685A1/es active
- 1990-08-10 PT PT94963A patent/PT94963B/pt active IP Right Grant
- 1990-08-10 CZ CS903957A patent/CZ282395B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-10 SK SK3957-90A patent/SK280635B6/sk unknown
- 1990-08-10 PL PL28644490A patent/PL163026B1/pl unknown
- 1990-08-10 JP JP2213591A patent/JP2853893B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-08-10 CN CN90106952A patent/CN1016551B/zh not_active Expired
- 1990-08-10 NO NO903536A patent/NO302327B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-10 IE IE290590A patent/IE65559B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-10 HU HU904973A patent/HU210856B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-10 FI FI903980A patent/FI903980A0/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-11 KR KR1019900012384A patent/KR0164606B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-08-13 BR BR909004067A patent/BR9004067A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-02-16 US US08/018,090 patent/USRE38298E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-10-20 HK HK114494A patent/HK114494A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM1K | Lapsed by not paying the annual fees |
Free format text: LAPSED IN FEBRUARY 2003 |