NO20180399A1 - Housing system consisting of several floors with ISO containers. - Google Patents

Description

REBUILDABLE DISTRICT HOUSING SYSTEM

Technical area

The present invention relates to a rebuildable multi-storey housing system, which meets the applicable building regulations, e.g. called BR15.

Background for the invention

Container homes or housing construction based on ISO containers have been known for many years. ISO containers have been tried to be used for housing, because mass production of the containers makes them a cheap source of a protected volume, which in some places can be directly used for housing. Furthermore, containers in their actual area of application, i.e. freight transport, have a limited lifespan, where after use does not, however, make them unusable for other purposes, where a protected volume is desired. Due to the considerable amount of containers and the limited lifespan, used containers have also been very cheap to buy.

The containers are thus used for housing in a wide range of ways all over the world. In many areas of the world, there are very few or virtually no official requirements for housing. Thus, the overriding reason for a specific building to be built with containers is either a specific desire for aesthetics and/or functionality, or that the costs of building the building should be kept down. This has resulted in a wide range of creative uses of containers for housing.

However, there are countries, eg Denmark, where there are strict requirements for housing, where a large number of factors must be taken into account during construction. These are factors, such as insulation, fire safety, light penetration, accessibility, indoor climate, etc. The Danish requirements for factors are seen in other countries as very specific and are quite naturally less relevant in other national countries in relation to the country's general building mass. For example, it can be mentioned that countries with a lot of heat do not specify insulation to keep in the heat but to keep in the cold, and it could be that a specification of requirements for an air conditioning system is found to be more relevant. Similarly, a country with a risk of earthquakes is more focused on specifying security measures for this.

In Denmark, there is a building regulation which, at a given point in time, precisely specifies the requirements for housing, for example as specified in BR15. These specifications mean that ISO containers cannot be directly used for housing in Denmark.

In several contexts, the ISO containers are used in temporary contexts, where a permanent housing stock is not desired. In these contexts, there are often more flexible requirements for the homes. However, this means that such homes, built under a more relaxed regime, can only be used for these temporary homes or for homes with another form of dispensation.

It is the purpose of the present invention to provide a re-installable housing system based on ISO containers, which is cheap to produce and easy to set up and take down.

Brief description of the invention

The present invention relates to a refurbishing multi-storey housing system, which meets BR15, which includes:

- at least two ISO containers (containers), where each defines a longitudinal direction, a width direction and a height direction, where each container comprises a bottom with an outer bottom side and an inner bottom side, a top with an inner top side and an outer top side, two opposite side walls with an outer wall side and an inner wall side as well as two end sections,

- a support structure arranged on the outside of the containers, which includes:

- a number of substantially vertical columns

- a number of essentially horizontal longitudinal beams connected to one or two of the essentially vertical columns,

- a number of substantially horizontal transverse supports connected to the substantially horizontal longitudinal beams and/or connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, and

- insulation placed between two adjacent sides of the containers,

characterized in that containers placed above at least one other container in the same vertical plane are individually/each supported by the support structure and the containers thus essentially do not rest against each other, and that there is insulation between such containers located above each other.

By using this support structure, it can be achieved, for example, that the container itself does not need additional reinforcements to be able to counteract the effects of fire or to counteract deflection over the container's longitudinal direction. In this way, it can be achieved that the non-building-specific requirements for the overall system are met - for example requirements set in, for example, BR15. It can also be achieved that the support structure gives the entire system overall strength, so that breaking through walls in the container, e.g. in connection with windows and doors, can be carried out with greater freedom in relation to placement and size.

In one embodiment, the re-settable multi-storey housing system can comprise an insulated cavity between vertically superimposed containers.

A container can in itself or combined with one or more containers define a dwelling/housing unit and thereby also a separate fire cell.

With the support structure, it is thus achieved that the rebuildable housing system can be easily separated/disassembled, without the individual components being destroyed. This means that the housing system can easily be moved, in whole or in part, to a new location if necessary. As the support structure/housing system can thus be separated without damaging the individual components, these can be directly used when the housing system is set up again. If two adjacent containers are cut open, so that they fit together as adjacent containers with direct passage, i.e. so that they function as one unit, this must be taken into account, but otherwise the containers do not have to be placed in the same way, in the same place in the system, in a first setup of the system as in the next setup of the system. In this way, it is achieved that unnecessary time is not spent on logistics management. The bolted-together system also ensures that only common tools need to be used when setting up the housing system, e.g. taps, spanners, typically pneumatic or electric, as well as ordinary hand tools in connection with connecting plumbing and electricity.

The longitudinal beams can lie in a plane located out of plane parallel between two opposite outer wall sides.

The longitudinal beams can be directly connected to the columns.

In one embodiment, the housing system can include a centrally located toilet in relation to the longitudinal direction. In this way, it is achieved that the already open end sections and thus an obvious opportunity for light to enter are blocked by a toilet area.

In one embodiment, at least one of the two end parts of the individual container can include doors.

In another embodiment, a deck can be spread out between two open doors, so that the deck and doors define a balcony.

In a third embodiment, the cover can be attached directly to the doors.

In a fourth embodiment, the tire can be attached directly to the door hinges of the container. In this way, a simple construction is achieved, which uses what already exists, thereby saving materials and labor wages.

In one embodiment, the at least one door can be opened more than 90° from the closed state.

In another embodiment, the balcony can include a guardrail or railing.

In one embodiment, the transverse supports may be directly connected to the longitudinal beams. In this way, it is achieved that the transverse supports can support the container under the container's quarter points and thus minimize the container's deflection over the longitudinal direction.

The transverse supports can be directly connected to the columns.

In one embodiment, the pillars can be located in the outer thirds of the container's longitudinal direction.

In another embodiment, the pillars can be located in the outer quarter points of the container's longitudinal direction.

In a third embodiment, the columns can be located essentially immediately at the end portions of the container.

Furthermore, the system can comprise a blind wall arranged at a distance parallel to at least one wall's inner wall side.

The system's bund(s) can be arranged at least one meter above the ground. In this way, it is achieved that harmful genes from a possibly contaminated ground are eliminated.

In one embodiment, insert plates can be inserted between the contact surfaces between a container and the support structure. In this way, a dampening of sounds and vibrations is achieved, which would otherwise be transported from the container to the support structure or vice versa. In another embodiment, the insert plates can be made of neoprene or rubber.

The system can include layers of insulation arranged between the longitudinal beams and the transverse supports respectively. In this way, the insulating layer is essentially arranged horizontally. In this way, it is achieved that the containers are fully insulated, without this happening at the expense of the internal room height.

The insulation above the uppermost container can be thicker than the insulation between two containers. In this way, a better insulating ability is achieved at the top, which is typically more exposed to wind or weather.

The insulation above the top container can include a protective cover layer, an outermost layer of the climate screen, to protect the housing system against water and snow, etc. In this way, it is achieved that the insulation and cover layer function as a roof without actually being separated from the container. Overall, the top of the container thus acts as the support for the uppermost insulation and cover layer.

In a further embodiment, the insulation above the uppermost container can comprise a load-bearing structure, so that the insulation, cover layer and load-bearing structure can be dismantled as a roof cassette separately. In this way, it is achieved that the tag cassette can be placed individually with a minimum of contact with the container or containers. The roof cassette can include solar collectors or solar cells. The covering layer can essentially consist of solar cells.

The cover layer can have a slope of more than 2.5°. In this way, sufficient water drainage from the roof is achieved. The covering layer/roof covering can be roofing felt in class BROOF(t2).

In one embodiment, the profile elements in the form of the columns, the transverse supports and longitudinal beams can be bolted together. In this way, it is achieved that they can be easily separated and reassembled. In this way, it is achieved that the overall rebuildable housing system can be used in one place, e.g. for temporary housing, and immediately moved to another location.

In one embodiment, the support system can be mounted on screw piles. In this way, time and foundation design can be saved. The support system may include alternating beams at each support point for the screw pile. Thus, a variable beam can be supported by two screw piles and thereby minimize the load on the individual screw pile. The screw piles, which support a variable beam, can have a distance of 0.5m - 5m or 0.75m - 3.5m or more preferably 1m - 2m.

In one embodiment, the support structure can have 2-8 columns in the longitudinal direction of the container. In this way, load can be distributed in a preferred way.

Each column can be supported by a variable beam and two screw piles. In this way, a simple and cheap foundation of the support system is achieved.

The sides of the individual containers can be insulated from the inside and built up with insulation, vapor barriers and plasterboard. In this way, it is achieved that the interior fitting of the containers can be carried out in a traditional way and thus with the help of traditional tools and common craftsmen. Despite the fact that the container is mainly made of steel, it is generally not necessary to use blacksmiths for the internal fitting.

In one embodiment, the contact surfaces of the columns against the substrate may comprise an increased area in relation to the rest of the individual column's cross-sectional area. In this way, it is achieved that the columns can have a smaller foundation, as the increased contact surface distributes the load from the column on the base.

The system can also include cover plates on one or more of the horizontal surfaces, i.e. cover plates, which, for example, protect the insulation, e.g. under the bottom of a container, which does not have an underlying container. Likewise, a cover plate can be fitted between two containers to protect the insulation.

The adjacent side walls of two adjacent containers can be cut through, so that a passage is formed from a first container to a second container. In this way, a larger room is generally achieved, but a more square room can also be achieved, which allows for a better and more practical layout of the home. Adjacent side walls can be provided with a tight-fitting lip made of, for example, rubber. In this way, a close connection between the first container and the second container is achieved.

The end parts of the containers can be provided with window or door parts or combinations thereof. These window or door parts can be flush with the outside of the end part. Likewise, the window or door sections can be pulled into the container, so that a covered balcony is obtained by virtue of the container's top.

In one embodiment, the support structure can be fully or partially coated with fire-retardant paint or similar fire-retardant material. In this way, an extended resistance time in case of fire is achieved. In this way, rescue personnel can reach out and rescue those in distress, or those in distress can rescue themselves, as the structure of the multi-storey housing system remains intact long enough for this.

Neighboring containers, which each belong to their own home/residential unit, i.e. each has its own fire cell, can include additional fire protection, for example fire spread protection. The fire spread protection can also be described as located outside the containers, and therefore the fire spread protection can also be covered by the support structure. The fire spread protection may include fire plaster. The fire plaster can be in one or more layers. The fire plaster can have a thickness of 10–20 mm, for example 15 mm. The fire plaster can be placed between the containers and thus completely or partially enclose a cavity between two neighboring longitudinal beams and/or transverse supports in the support structure. The cavity can be filled with insulation. In an example of an embodiment, the fire plaster can rest on part of the top surface of two neighboring containers and thus shield against the spread of fire to the containers above. In this way, it is ensured against vertical fire spread, and requirements for fire stop in horizontal fire section separation in the floor separation are thus met.

In one embodiment, the re-installable storey housing system, also referred to as housing container construction, can have up to 4 floors, i.e. the floor on the top floor is no more than 12m above the ground. With this, requirements for load-bearing structures will not exceed R 60 A2-s1, d0. With a storey housing system of up to 4 storeys, the floor in the uppermost housing container is maximum. 9.6 m above ground, which allows for rescue via hand ladders.

Insulation material can be used with the restrictions that in the specific context apply to all other materials, including fire section separations can be made as a building part class EI 60 D-s2, d2 made with cladding class K2 60 A2-s1, d0. The legislation in this area, i.e. building regulations 2015, Trafik- & Byggestyrelsen [BR15], is thus fulfilled. This also applies to supplementary texts such as Example collection on fire safety in construction 2012, 2nd revised edition, Traffic & Building Agency [EBB12.2] and Information on fire technical dimensioning, Business and Building Agency (Energy Agency) [Informationen].

The rebuildable multi-storey housing system is covered by the general fire requirements for construction in Denmark. Residential construction can be attributed to application category 4. In the present patent application, the starting point is that the instructions in EBB 12.2 are followed.

The designs also contain general requirements, which are considered to be met.

In one embodiment, all homes include access to escape route stairs.

In another embodiment, access can be via the balcony entrance, and it can be accepted in certain situations that there is only access to one staircase at the floor on the top floor, a maximum of 9.6 m above ground. Balcony access can be carried out with load-bearing constructions carried out as class R 60 A2-s1, d0, when it serves more than one fire cell. In one embodiment, the re-settable multi-storey housing system can include an open staircase placed between housing units, where each consists of one or more containers. An open staircase can be considered a safety staircase, as long as the separating walls from the dwellings are constructed as fire section walls.

In one embodiment, the re-settable multi-storey housing system comprises fire engineering installations in the form of a smoke alarm system connected to a 230 V power supply, with battery back-up. Smoke alarm systems must be carried out in accordance with DS/EN 14604 and meet DVN 4540 or 4541 for smoke detectors and optical detectors respectively.

In one embodiment, the individual home can be designed as an independent fire cell, with separating building parts of at least class EI60. In one embodiment, the re-settable apartment system includes horizontal fire section separations, and all vertical apartment partitions are made as at least class EI 60 building parts. The starting point for fire protection is thus that the individual residence forms its own fire cell with horizontal floor separation as a fire section separating building part.

In one embodiment, the individual home/housing unit thus includes fire protection by internal installation of 2 layers of 15 mm fire plasterboard on internal walls and ceilings. This in itself constitutes a 60 minute fire protection system K2 60 A2-s1, d0. Alternatively, 45 mm insulation can be carried out with a steel frame, held in place by steel profiles with a layer of 15 mm fire-resistant plasterboard, cladding class K1 10 B-s1, d0, where overall it is considered to achieve the same protection of container structures as a 60-minute fire protection system with 2 layers of 15 mm fire plasterboard.

The horizontal insulation in the floor separation can be carried out with insulation materials of at least class B-s1, d0, and there is ensured against vertical spread of fire in the apartment partition by establishing a fire stop in the form of 2 layers of 15 mm fire-resistant plasterboard, cf. Fig. 1. This ensures that any flue gases, which accidentally escape into cavities between dwellings, are not spread to other fire sections.

In one embodiment, all installations can be carried out inside the homes, and the risk of flue gases in cavities between homes is considered to be very small. The fire stop can be carried out as an additional safeguard in relation to the fact that it will be very difficult to provide extinguishing efforts in any cavities. It is therefore important to ensure in particular against vertical fire spread, where there is a risk that a chimney effect may occur. Insulation material between the homes/living units is desired as Kooltherm K12 insulation board from Kingspan. Kingspan is a rigid thermoset insulation material with low thermal conductivity. The insulation board consists of an insulation core coated with a composite foil on both sides. The overall building part has been tested and classified as material class B-s1, d0 in accordance with EN 13501-1/EN 15715, while the insulation material itself has been tested and classified as material class C-s1, d0.

The home's wall structure can be seen in Fig. 6, where the Kooltherm K12 insulation board is used between 2 layers of non-combustible insulation material, respectively a minimum 30 mm A-Pladebatt 10 (see appendix B) with fire class A1 (according to EN 13501-1) against the container wall as well as against housing covered by a non-combustible insulation such as at least 45 mm sheet batten on a steel frame covered with at least 1 layer of 15 mm fire plaster cladding. As under the description of the ceiling cladding, this is considered to constitute fire protection equivalent to a 60 minute fire protection system.

When building homes/containers together, cavities will arise between the homes, but the cavities are without fire load. Furthermore, it is ensured against vertical spread of fire by installing a fire stop, cf. Fig. 5, if, contrary to expectations, combustible flue gases could come from unintended openings in the constructions. The solution with internal fire protection in the home by cladding and/or insulation with a steel frame, the answers to a 60-minute fire protection system on both walls and ceilings, supplemented by fire protection of the floor separation by establishing a fire stop such as at least 2 layers of 15 mm fire plasterboard, is considered to constitute an acceptable protection against the spread of fire between dwellings, including protection against vertical spread of fire between floors.

External walls will be the external sides of containers, including the external sides of balconies. Container walls are made of non-combustible materials class A1. As a starting point, container walls are made with a ventilated cavity, with behind insulation material class A1 such as at least 10 mm A-plate batts. In the case of balconies and other smaller areas, it will be possible to use external strip cladding in material class D-s2, d2 on smaller parts, provided that the total proportion of the facade cladding is less than 20%, and the extent is carried out evenly distributed on the facade.

Load-bearing constructions and there also the support structure in buildings with more than one floor, where the floor on the top floor is a maximum of 12 m above the ground, must be carried out as R 60 A2-s1, d0.

The support structure, and therefore the load-bearing construction in the present re-erectable multi-storey housing system, can be made as a steel frame construction. Basically, the housing system can be compared to a shelving system, where the housing container fills a "shelf" in the shelving system. Requirements for load-bearing structures will thus, as previously mentioned, be fully or partially met by fireproofing the shelving system.

As the support structure is partly placed between the containers, it is therefore considered to be protected against the effects of fire, as the homes are internally protected with a 60 minute fire protection system. In order to ensure against any accidental release of flue gas into cavities, the load-bearing structure is fireproofed to R 30 A2-s1, d0. This is considered to meet the requirement for securing load-bearing structures as a whole to at least R 60 A2-s1, d0 in the event of a fire in a home.

A home/housing unit/apartment is designed as one fire cell. If the overall reconfigurable multi-storey housing system exceeds 600 m2, it may also include horizontal fire section separation between floors.

In one embodiment, the residential system may include balcony access, which serves several residences. These can be carried out with load-bearing constructions of at least class R 60 A2-s1, d0.

In one embodiment, the rebuildable multi-storey housing system can be defined as modular construction, and thus it can be carried out with a varying number of floors as well as a varying number of dwellings per unit. floor. The individual home/housing unit can be completed with all internal installations within their own framework, i.e. original container walls. The overall supply to the individual home is via a vertical installation shaft. The installation shaft must be constructed as an independent fire section, and penetrations must be fire-proofed in accordance with DBI guide 31, including fire cuffs for plastic drainage pipes. The individual housing is therefore carried out with independent installations, i.e. there are no installations between the containers/housing.

Brief description of the drawings

The drawings serve solely as an explanation of the present invention and should in no way be considered as limiting the description of the present invention. It also applies that the shapes and sizes of the drawings of various parts are schematic and intended to provide a better understanding of the invention and should thus not be used to specifically limit the shapes and sizes of various parts in this application. Professionals in this field will be able to choose the possible shapes and sizes to implement the invention under guidance from this application.

Fig. 1 schematically shows the main components of a reusable housing system according to the invention,

Fig. 1A shows Fig. 1 in an exploded view,

Fig. 2 shows a facade side of a renewable housing system according to the invention,

Fig. 3A shows a cross-section of the housing system shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3B shows a cross-section of the housing system shown in Fig. 3A arranged perpendicular to the cross-section seen in Fig. 3A,

Fig. 4 shows a horizontal section of a housing system with four containers and an intermediate part,

Fig. 5 shows a vertical section, which partially shows four containers each with its own housing unit, i.e. both a vertical and a horizontal apartment partition,

Fig. 6 shows a section of an isolated outer corner of a container, and

Fig. 7 shows a section of an isolated corner of a container.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in more detail below.

Fig. 1, Fig. 1A and Fig. 2 show a re-settable multi-storey housing system 1, which comprises at least two ISO containers (also simply referred to as "containers") 2, each of which defines a length direction L, a width direction B and a height direction H. The height direction H also defines a vertical direction, which is perpendicular to the horizontal direction, which is essentially parallel to the width direction. Furthermore, the system comprises a support structure 20 arranged on the outside of the containers, where the support structure 20 comprises essentially horizontal transverse supports 21, essentially horizontal longitudinal beams 22 and essentially vertical columns 23. The longitudinal beams 22 and the horizontal transverse supports 21 are bolted to the vertical columns 23.

It can be seen that two containers 2 (for example 2.1 and 2.2) placed in the same vertical plane parallel to the width direction B and individually (each separately) are supported by the support structure 20, so that two containers 2 essentially do not rest against each other. This also applies if there are more than two containers on top of each other, e.g. up to eight containers. Thus, it applies that all layers or "storeys" of containers lie against the support structure's 20 transverse supports.

Each container 2 comprises a bottom 3 with an outer bottom side 4 and an inner bottom side 5, a top 6 with an inner top side 7 and an outer top side 8, two opposite side walls 9,10, each with an outer wall side 11 and an inner wall side 12 , as well as two end parts 13 (the individual components are shown on different containers).

In both Fig. 1, Fig. 1A and Fig. 2, it can be seen how end parts 13 rest against transverse supports 21. Containers are collectively referred to with the reference "2", and in cases where a specification of the individual container is necessary, it is referred to, for example, as 2.1, 2.1' and 2.2, 2.2', whereby a distinction is made between two adjacent containers, eg 2.1 and 2.1', and two containers, which lie above each other, eg 2.1 and 2.2.

It can be seen that two containers 2 placed in the same vertical plane (VP), for example container 2.1 and container 2.2, are individually (each separately) supported by the support structure 20, so that the two containers 2 essentially do not rest against each other. Shock-absorbing material can be placed between each container 2 and the support structure 20. In this way, it is avoided that sounds and vibrations are transferred from the container to the support structure and vice versa.

In Fig. 1, it is also shown that the re-erectable storey housing system comprises longitudinal beams, which lie in plane parallel to, but out of plane parallel between two opposite outer wall sides of either the same or two or more neighboring containers. In Fig. 2 it will be understood that the tires 42 rest on the longitudinal beam (not visible), but that the container does not.

It can thus be seen that the re-installable housing system can be easily disassembled/disassembled, without the individual components being destroyed. This means that the housing system can easily be moved, in whole or in part, to a new location if necessary. As the housing system can thus be taken apart without damaging the individual components, these can be directly used when the housing system is set up again. If two neighboring containers are cut open so that they fit together, this must be taken into account, but otherwise the containers do not have to be placed in the same way, in the same place in the system, in a first set-up of the system as in the next set-up of the system. In this way, it is achieved that unnecessary time is not spent on logistics management, and the risk of errors is eliminated. The bolted-together system also ensures that only common tools need to be used when setting up the housing system, e.g. taps, spanners, typically pneumatic or electric, as well as ordinary hand tools in connection with connecting plumbing and electricity.

Fig. 2 shows how containers 2.1, 2.1', 2.2, 2.2' are arranged in two groups with an intermediate section 40 between them. In this embodiment, the intermediate section includes a staircase 41 and two decks 42. In this case, the two decks 42 rest on the longitudinal beams, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the containers (not visible). However, the two decks could also rest against transverse supports, provided that the two vertical columns 23' were not present, and there are therefore no longitudinal beams between the two groups of containers. The tires 42 can have the same thickness as is found between the container's outer bottom side and inner bottom side, thereby avoiding steps into the containers. It can be seen that under the bottom containers there is a clearance of 45 to the ground. Headroom can be more than half a meter and in some cases up to five metres. In one embodiment, the headroom can be between one and two metres. The top insulation 38 is visible above both groups of containers, and it can be seen that the top insulation 38 extends over the top of two neighboring containers (2.2, 2.2'). In this way, a possible cold bridge between the two containers is closed from above. In the same way, a bottom insulation (shown in the later figure) also extends over two adjacent containers.

Fig. 3A shows a section of two containers, how insulation 30 is placed between two layers of containers 2.1 and 2.2. In the section shown, the transverse support beams 21 are shown below the end sections and in the third points for the containers. The division of the container's length into d1, d2 and d3 respectively indicates thirds of the container's length. It is also shown how the bottom insulation 34 is placed on the outer side 4 of the bottom 3 of the bottom container 2.1, and that the top insulation 38 is arranged on the outer top side 8 of the container top. It can be seen that the insulation in the top and bottom of the housing system, i.e. bottom insulation 34 and top insulation 38, is thicker than the insulation between two containers 2.1, 2.2 arranged on top of each other. Bottom insulation 34 and top insulation 38 can be 50% or more insulating than the intermediate insulation. Between the outer bottom side 4 and the inner bottom side 5, the bottom 3 of the container is reinforced with C-profiles.

The top insulation 38 above the top container comprises a protective cover layer 39, i.e. an outermost layer of the climate screen, to protect the housing system against external influences such as water and snow. The covering layer 39 can consist of traditional roofing materials, e.g. roofing felt, sheet metal, bricks, composite materials such as "woodfibre composites" or fiberglass. The cover plate 39 can have an inclination of 2.5°.

Fig. 3B shows a cross-section of four containers 2. The internal height IH is, for example, 2-3 m, or 2.25-2.75 m or, as in the case shown, 2.5 m. It can be seen that the side wall 10 comprises a outer side wall 11 and an inner side wall 12, where on the inner side wall 12 insulation and inner cladding, eg plaster, OSB or the like, is mounted. The wall sides are thus insulated from the inside, while the top and bottom of the containers are insulated from the outside. In this way, maximum internal height is achieved in the container.

Fig. 4 shows, as in Fig. 3B, how a side wall 9 in the individual containers 2 is insulated from the inside and built up with insulation, vapor barrier and interior cladding, e.g. plasterboard or wooden cladding. It is also shown that two adjacent containers 2 may have removed most of two adjacent sides, whereby a more square space is obtained. When removing most of one side of a container, a large part of the container's supporting structure is also removed. However, the support structure precisely ensures that the individual container's lack of load-bearing structure does not affect either the function of the individual container or the overall strength of the multi-storey housing system. The support structure thus provides design freedom for the arrangement and division of neighboring containers, but also for individual containers, e.g. for windows and doors. By opening between two adjacent containers, it is also achieved that the building regulations regarding distances in bathrooms can be met in practice without having to divide toilet 51 and bathroom. The distance from an isolated side wall to an opposite side wall does not allow a disabled toilet to face a side wall. This is because there is not enough space between the toilet and the wall when insulating the inside. It can be seen that a bath 51 fills the width of an entire container. As long as the containers are not built together two by two (or more), it is therefore only possible to place a bathroom/toilet in an end part of a container, as it will otherwise be split up inappropriately.

It can also be seen that the containers include balconies 50. The balconies 50 are mounted directly on the end parts 13 of the containers. The balconies can use the doors of the end parts as side pieces. Furthermore, the balconies 50, i.e. the balcony bases, can be mounted directly in the doors or the door's hinges and in this way hang from the hinges.

Figs 5, 6 and 7 show enlarged sections of containers in relation to meeting fire requirements. The situation in Fig. 5 is not shown in the preceding figures, as this situation is for two adjacent, independent fire cells. Figs 1–4 thus do not show this situation, as Fig. 1 only shows a schematic picture without adjacent housing units, and the housing units in Figs 2-4 are divided by an intermediate area 40 (see Fig. 4), which prevents the spread of fire.

Fig. 5 shows a section between four fire cells/housing units BO1, BO2, BO3 and BO4. The housing units can consist of several containers. A section of the bottom of BO1 and BO2 is shown, respectively, while the top of BO3 and BO4 is shown. It is thus the container's existing bottom structure 3, and in this partial section the outer side 11 of the existing container is also shown. Arranged horizontally, insulation 30 can be seen between two overlying containers, e.g. BO1 and BO3. The insulation thus lies between the upper side 8 of the lower containers BO3 and BO4 and the underside of the upper containers BO1 and BO2. Between the longitudinal beams 22 is a partially open cavity 51. The cavity is filled with insulation. One side 51 of the cavity is shielded with fire plaster 50. The fire plaster could also be another fire-retardant material. The fire plaster 50 prevents a vertical spread of fire from the containers, i.e. from housing units BO3 and BO4 to the overlying housing units BO1 and BO2. It can be seen that the inner wall 12 in the housing units is both insulated with insulating material and also covered with plaster or other wall covering (see Fig. 6 and 7 regarding the insulation 79 and the boards 78).

Fig. 6 shows the wall structure of a residential unit, where the Kooltherm K12 insulation board from Kingspan is used between 2 layers of non-combustible insulation material, respectively board batt 75, 79, respectively a minimum 30 mm A board batt with fire class A1 (according to EN 13501-1) against container wall. Furthermore, it can be seen that, towards the residential side, the BO is covered with non-combustible insulation such as at least 45 mm sheet batten on a steel frame covered with at least 1 layer of 15 mm fire plaster cladding. In this way, a fire protection corresponding to a 60 minute fire protection system is achieved.

When building homes/containers together, cavities will arise between the homes, but the cavities are without fire load. Furthermore, it is ensured against vertical spread of fire by installing a fire stop (see Fig. 5), if, contrary to expectations, combustible flue gases could come from unintended openings in the constructions. The solution with internal fire protection in the home by cladding and/or insulation with a steel frame, the answers to a 60-minute fire protection system on both walls and ceilings, supplemented by fire protection of the floor separation by establishing a firestop such as at least 2 layers of 15mm fire plasterboard, is considered to constitute an acceptable protection against spread of fire between dwellings, including protection against vertical spread of fire between floors.

Fig. 7 shows the structure of the sides of a container 2. The figure is thus a horizontal section through a corner of a container. It should be understood that this is only a small section, and that the technical features are essentially the same all around the container. It can be seen that there are ventilated cavities 70, which have been created by parts of the container's original construction, among other things at the container's original/existing exterior 71. When windows 77 are installed, the container and thus the entire re-erectable multi-storey housing system 1 will include a joint strip 72. Between the window section 77 and the outer side of the container have a joint 73 there, and there is also the climate screen with, for example, a cover 74 made of, for example, aluminium. Towards the inside of the container is a wall of rigid plate batt 75, for example made of rock wool such as Rockwool A-plate batt 10-30mm. Furthermore, a rigid insulation 76 is seen, for example known under the trademark Koolthem from Kingspan. Towards the inside of the container, two layers of plaster or similar are traditionally used as an inner wall 78. Immediately behind the inner wall 78 is a layer of sheet plaster 79.

It will be clear to the person skilled in the art that the shown embodiments are shown as schematic examples.

Claims (10)

Patent claims 1. Rebuildable multi-storey housing system, which meets the applicable building regulations (e.g. BR15), which includes: - at least two ISO containers (containers), where each defines a longitudinal direction, a width direction and a height direction, where each container comprises a bottom with an outer bottom side and an inner bottom side, a top with an inner top side and an outer top side, two opposite side walls with an outer wall side and an inner wall side as well as two end sections, - a support structure arranged on the outside of the containers, which includes: - a number of substantially vertical columns, - a number of essentially horizontal longitudinal beams connected to one or two of the essentially vertical columns, - a number of substantially horizontal transverse supports connected to the substantially horizontal longitudinal beams and/or connected to one or two of the substantially vertical columns, and - insulation placed between two adjacent sides of the containers, characterized in that containers placed above at least one other container in the same vertical plane are individually/each supported by the support structure and the containers thus essentially do not rest against each other, and that there is insulation between such containers located above each other. 2. Reconstructive multi-storey housing system according to claim 1, where the longitudinal beams lie in a plane located out of plane parallel between two opposite outer wall sides. 3. Rebuildable storey housing system according to claim 1 or 2, where the longitudinal beams are directly connected to the columns. 4. Rebuildable multi-storey housing system according to claims 1-4, where the system comprises layers of insulation arranged between the longitudinal beams and the transverse supports, respectively. 5. Re-buildable multi-storey housing system according to any one of the preceding claims, where the insulation above the uppermost container can be thicker than the insulation between two containers. 6. Rebuildable multi-storey housing system according to claims 1-5, where the insulation over the uppermost container comprises a protective cover layer, an outermost layer of the climate screen, to protect the housing system against water and snow, etc. 7. Reconstructive multi-story housing system according to claims 1-6, where the deck layer can have a slope of 2.5°. 8. Rebuildable multi-storey housing system according to claims 1-7, where the sides of the individual containers are insulated from the inside and built up with insulation, vapor barriers and, for example, plasterboard, OSB or Fermacell. 9. Reconstructive multi-story housing system according to claims 1-8, where the adjacent side walls of two adjacent containers can be cut through, so that a passage is formed from a first container to a second container. 10. A rebuildable multi-storey housing system according to any one of the preceding claims, where the end parts of the containers are provided with window or door parts or combinations thereof.