NO20110462A1

NO20110462A1 - Wind and crushing machines, and arrangements for the use of such machines, especially in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediary

Info

Publication number: NO20110462A1
Application number: NO20110462A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Kristian Bragstad
Original assignee: Kristian Bragstad
Priority date: 2011-03-25
Filing date: 2011-03-25
Publication date: 2011-04-15
Also published as: NO337051B1; NO20120360A1

Abstract

Oppfinnelsen omfatter en bølgekraftmaskin hvor en flottør trekker en enkeltvirkende stempelpumpe som, med en stang fra pumpehusets bunnplate til en forankring i sjøbunnen, er fastholdt i en bestemt avstand fra sjøbunnen. Pumpen er plassert med aksialt forskyvbar opplagring i et bjelkesystem som også flottøren er festet til. Det inngår en automatisk regulator som har informasjon fra tidevannstabeller innlagt slik at den kan styre styrbare låseanordninger slik at komponentene hele tiden innstiller seg slik at flottøren holdes i en høyde i forhold til tidevannet som gir optimal produksjon. All endring av innstillinger skjer ved utnytting av krefter som er til stede i systemet, dvs uten tilførsel av kraft utenfra. Oppfinnelsen omfatter videre en vindkraftmaskin med vertikal turbinaksel. Utenfor løpehjulet har den et ledeskovelbygg som er dreibart 360 grader slik at det kan stilles inn etter vindretningen. Optimalt forhold mellom høyde og bredde på ledeskovelbygget ser ut til å være minst som 10:1. Med vanlig praksis for vindkraftverks høyde over omgivelsene kan det da regnes med enheter for effekt ca. 1 MW.The invention comprises a wave power machine in which a float pulls a single-acting piston pump which, with a rod from the pump housing bottom plate to an anchorage in the seabed, is held at a certain distance from the seabed. The pump is placed with axially displaceable storage in a beam system to which the float is also attached. It includes an automatic controller that has information from tide tables inserted so that it can control controllable locking devices so that the components are constantly adjusted so that the float is kept at a height relative to the tide giving optimum output. All settings are changed by utilizing the forces present in the system, ie without the application of external power. The invention further comprises a wind turbine with vertical turbine shaft. Outside the impeller, it has a guide bucket that is rotatable 360 degrees so it can be adjusted according to the wind direction. The optimum ratio of height to width of the bucket bucket appears to be at least 10: 1. With common practice for wind turbines' height above the surroundings, units for power can be counted approx. 1 MW.

Description

Benevnelse Designation

Vind- og bølgekraftmaskiner, og arrangementer for bruk av slike maskiner, særlig i kraftanlegg med hydraulisk trykkenergi som mellomledd. Wind and wave power machines, and arrangements for the use of such machines, particularly in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediate link.

Bruksområde Area of use

Vind- og bølgekraftmaskinene er vist i en form som er egnet for drift av pumper for produksjon av hydraulisk trykkenergi, men de kan også brukes til drift av andre arbeidsmaskiner. The wind and wave power machines are shown in a form suitable for operating pumps for the production of hydraulic pressure energy, but they can also be used for operating other working machines.

Kjent teknikk og praksis i forhold til søknadens krav. Known technique and practice in relation to the application's requirements.

Bølgekraftmaskinen i følge denne søknads krav 01 er en videreføring av variantene av bølgekraftmaskiner som fremgår av samme patentinnehavers norske patent nr. 329076, krav 06 - - - 11. Krav 11 gjelder en bølgekraftmaskin hvor detaljer fra kravne 06 - 10 inngår. The wave power machine according to claim 01 of this application is a continuation of the variants of wave power machines that appear in the same patent holder's Norwegian patent no. 329076, claim 06 - - - 11. Claim 11 applies to a wave power machine where details from claims 06 - 10 are included.

Maskinen i følge denne søknads krav 01 skiller seg fra maskinen i følge den tidligere søknads krav 11 på følgende punkter: The machine according to this application's claim 01 differs from the machine according to the previous application's claim 11 on the following points:

• Det inngår ikke en fundamentfast tårnkonstruksjon i hver produksjonsenhet. • Each production unit does not include a foundation-fixed tower construction.

• Pumpen er, i stedet for å være festet direkte til sjøbunnen, plassert oppe i bjelkesystemet som flottøren er tilknyttet. • Rørene for føring av en gruppe pumpers inn- og utgående driftsvæske frem til gruppens siderør ned til løp som er boret i berg, blir, i stedet for å føres langs sjøbunnen, montert på festeplater som plasseres på reguleringsstangen som går ut fra pumpehusenes bunnflate. Rørene kommer da til å bli ført i høyde med bjelkesystemets underkant når det står i stilling for laveste laveste tidevannstand. • The pump, instead of being attached directly to the seabed, is placed up in the beam system to which the float is connected. • The pipes for guiding a group of pumps' incoming and outgoing operating fluid up to the group's side pipes down to runs drilled in rock are, instead of being routed along the seabed, mounted on fixing plates which are placed on the control rod that extends from the bottom surface of the pump housings. The pipes will then be led at a height with the lower edge of the beam system when it is in position for the lowest lowest tide level.

Vindkraftmaskinen ifølge krav 03 har: The wind turbine according to requirement 03 has:

• Vertikal aksel. • Vertical axis.

• Løpehjul med faste og enkelt krummete skovler. • Running wheels with fixed and single curved blades.

• Utenpå løpehjulet et ledeskovelbygg med faste og enkelt krummete skovler. Hele bygget er dreibart etter vindretningen. • Både løpehjulet og ledeskovelbygget bygges med skovlene stablet i etasjer over hverandre med vannrette plater som etasjeskillere. • For avstiving av høye vindkraftmaskiner legges det inn i etasjerekken hjulformete forsterkninger som plasseres slik at navet blir lagerhus for et radiallager for løpehjulets aksel, samtidig som hjulkransen formes som en egen etasjeskive i ledeskovelbygget. • Outside the impeller, a guide vane structure with fixed and single curved vanes. The entire building can be turned according to the direction of the wind. • Both the impeller and the guide vane building are built with the vanes stacked in storeys above each other with horizontal plates as storey separators. • For stiffening of tall wind turbines, wheel-shaped reinforcements are placed in the row of floors and placed so that the hub becomes a bearing housing for a radial bearing for the impeller shaft, at the same time that the wheel rim is shaped as a separate floor disk in the vane structure.

byggets skovler, etasjeskillere og hjulformete forsterkninger dimensjoneres slik at de gir bygget styrke til bære sin egen vekt og vindlast, krefter fra luftstrømmen gjennom skovelløpene og knekklastvirkninger på løpehjulet med aksel. the building's vanes, floor separators and wheel-shaped reinforcements are dimensioned so that they give the building strength to support its own weight and wind load, forces from the air flow through the vane runners and buckling load effects on the impeller with axle.

Av patenter som er funnet, er pat. nr. DE 3828361 fra 1990 det som kommer nærmest når det gjelder dreibarhet av ledeskovler, men hovedtrekkene er annerledes. Of the patents that have been found, pat. No. DE 3828361 from 1990 which comes closest in terms of rotatability of guide vanes, but the main features are different.

Fordeler som oppnås i forhold til kjent teknikk og praksis ved bruk av oppfinnelsene i følge patentsøknaden Advantages that are achieved in relation to known technology and practice when using the inventions according to the patent application

Det vises til tegningene Fig. 01, Fig. 02, Fig. 03 og Fig, 04 og til Vedlegg til Fig. 01 og Reference is made to the drawings Fig. 01, Fig. 02, Fig. 03 and Fig, 04 and to the Appendix to Fig. 01 and

Fig. 02 og til Vedlegg til Fig. 03 og Fig. 04. Fig. 02 and to Appendix to Fig. 03 and Fig. 04.

I forhold til bølgekraftmaskinen i følge den tidligere søknads krav 11 har maskinen ifølge denne søknads krav 01 fordeler som følger: 1. Sløyfingen av fundamenfast tårnkonstruksjon til hver produksjonsenhet gir betydelig kostnadsminskning. Noe oppveies av kostnadsøkning til mer utstrakt bruk av stagstenger 2. Flytting av pumpene fra sjøbunnen og opp i bjelkesystemet som flottøren er knyttet til, gjør dem lettere tilgjengelig for montering og ettersyn. 3. Flytting av rørene for føring av inn- og utgående driftsvæske fra sjøbunnen og opp til i høyde med hovedbjelkens underkant når den står i stilling for laveste tidevannstand, gjør dem lettere tilgjengelig for montering og ettersyn. In relation to the wave power machine according to the previous application's claim 11, the machine according to this application's claim 01 has the following advantages: 1. The looping of foundation-fixed tower construction to each production unit results in significant cost reduction. Some of this is offset by cost increases due to more extensive use of stay rods 2. Moving the pumps from the seabed up into the beam system to which the float is connected makes them more accessible for installation and inspection. 3. Moving the pipes for guiding incoming and outgoing operating fluid from the seabed up to a level with the lower edge of the main beam when it is in the position for the lowest tide level, makes them easier to access for assembly and inspection.

I forhold til horisontalakslete vindturbiner med propell har den vertikalakslete turbin ifølge denne søknads krav 03, fordeler som følger: In relation to horizontal-axis wind turbines with propellers, the vertical-axis turbine, according to requirement 03 of this application, has the following advantages:

• Man unngår propell som skader fugler og slipper ut støy i landskapet. • Propellers that harm birds and emit noise into the landscape are avoided.

• For vindmøller med propellturbin er det vanlig å regne at de må fange inn luftstrømmen fra et areal på ca. 2.000 m2 for hver MW merkeeffekt. Det er videre vanlig at propellen plasseres så høyt at møllen med vinger rager ca. 150 m opp over bakken/sjøoverflaten. • For wind turbines with propeller turbines, it is common to calculate that they must capture the air flow from an area of approx. 2,000 m2 for each MW rated output. It is also common for the propeller to be placed so high that the mill with wings protrudes approx. 150 m above ground/sea level.

En vertikalakslet turbin som får rage like høyt i landskapet, kan da ha et ledeskovelbygg med høyde i underkant av 150 m. A vertical-shaft turbine that is allowed to rise as high in the landscape can then have a vane structure with a height of just under 150 m.

Som turbinens utvendige diameter regnes her diameteren til ledeskovlenes omskrivende sylinderflate når det ses bort fra de spesielle skovler (28), jf Fig. 4. Av figuren fremgår hvordan ledeskovlene kan formes slik at de fanger inn luftstrøm over en bredde som er bare litt mindre enn turbinens utvendige diameter. Den viser også hvordan skovlene som leder luftstrømmen ut fra løpehjulet, kan formes med sikte på å gi bedre diffusorvirkning. The outer diameter of the turbine is here considered the diameter of the guide vanes' encircling cylinder surface when the special vanes (28) are disregarded, cf. Fig. 4. The figure shows how the guide vanes can be shaped so that they capture air flow over a width that is only slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the turbine. It also shows how the vanes that guide the air flow out of the impeller can be shaped with the aim of providing a better diffuser effect.

Av dette følger at dersom en vertikalakslet turbin skal fange inn luftstrøm over en flate på 2.000 m2, må den bygges med utvendig diameter ca. 15 m. It follows from this that if a vertical-shaft turbine is to capture airflow over an area of 2,000 m2, it must be built with an external diameter of approx. 15 m.

En slik turbin blir så langsmal at gunstig utforming av skovlene på utløpsiden kan gi diffusorvirkning på linje med den man får med propellturbiner. I tillegg kommer at selve turbinkonseptet med ledeskovler og løpehjul i stedet for propell, i og for seg har muligheter for bedre utnytting av vinden. Det kommer til syne i det at propellturbiners avgitte effekt øker med vindfarten i 3. potens ved styrker opp til 15 m/s, for så å ikke øke videre. For turbiner med ledeskovler vil avgitt effekt i stedet fortsette å øke slik at en turbin som gir 1 MW ved 15 m/s, vil gi 2,3 MW ved 20 m/s og 4,6 MW ved 25 m/s. Ved 25 m/s blir propellturbiner vanligvis tatt ut av drift mens de med ledeskovler kan drives videre. Det kan derfor regnes med at slike vertikalakslete turbiner gir årlig Such a turbine becomes so long and narrow that a favorable design of the vanes on the outlet side can produce a diffuser effect in line with that obtained with propeller turbines. In addition, the turbine concept itself, with vanes and impellers instead of propellers, in and of itself has opportunities for better utilization of the wind. This becomes apparent in the fact that the output of propeller turbines increases with the wind speed to the 3rd power at strengths of up to 15 m/s, and then does not increase further. For turbines with guide vanes, the emitted power will instead continue to increase so that a turbine that produces 1 MW at 15 m/s will produce 2.3 MW at 20 m/s and 4.6 MW at 25 m/s. At 25 m/s, propeller turbines are usually taken out of service, while those with guide vanes can continue to be operated. It can therefore be counted on that such vertical-shaft turbines produce annually

energiproduksjon på høyde med horisontalakslete som fanger inn like stor luftstrøm. energy production at height with a horizontal axis that captures the same amount of air flow.

Generelt vil bygging av kraftanlegg med hydraulisk trykkenergi som mellomledd, føre til bruk av mindre produksjonsenheter enn dem som brukes i anlegg hvor hver enhet har egen elgenerator. Dessuten kan bygging av kraftanlegg på sjøbunn hvor både vind-og bølgeenergien utnyttes, føre til stort behov for undersjøiske forankringstårn for bølgekraftmaskiner. Slike tårn kan samordnes med utplassering av mange forholdsvis små vindkraftmasiner. In general, the construction of power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediary will lead to the use of smaller production units than those used in plants where each unit has its own electricity generator. In addition, the construction of power plants on the seabed where both wind and wave energy are utilized can lead to a great need for underwater anchoring towers for wave power machines. Such towers can be coordinated with the deployment of many relatively small wind turbines.

Generelt vil en dreining av markedet for vindturbiner i retning av mindre produksjonsenheter, være til fordel for de vertikalakslete. Det vil gjelde særlig dersom grensen for hvor høyt de får rage opp i landskapet, settes slik at de får bygges med optimal slankhet. At de tillates å bygges slik at de rager høyere opp i landskapet enn horisontalakslete med propell, kan begrunnes med at de vil stå som tause ubevegelige tårn uten viftende vinger i toppen. In general, a shift in the market for wind turbines in the direction of smaller production units will benefit vertical-axis turbines. This will apply in particular if the limit for how high they can rise in the landscape is set so that they can be built with optimal slimness. The fact that they are allowed to be built so that they project higher into the landscape than horizontal-shafted ones with propellers can be justified by the fact that they will stand as silent, motionless towers without flapping wings at the top.

Når produksjonsenhetene i vind- og bølgekraftverk konsentreres i grupper, kan gruppenes bølgekraftverk ha beov for minst 3-4 bunnfaste forankringstårn. Tårnene kan utnyttes også som understell for vindkraftverk, men det gir forholdsvis mange forholdsvis små enheter. Ifølge det som er nevnt under foregående punkt er dette noe som passer godt for vertikalakslete vindturbiner. When the production units in wind and wave power plants are concentrated in groups, the group's wave power plants may need at least 3-4 fixed anchoring towers. The towers can also be used as underpinnings for wind turbines, but this results in relatively many relatively small units. According to what was mentioned under the previous point, this is something that is well suited for vertical-axis wind turbines.

I forhold til de horisontalakslete med propellturbin i en egen dreibar tårndel, vil en vesentlig større del av produksjonen kunne foregå ved lokale industribedrifter for fremstilling av stålelementer. Elementene kan gjøres så små at de blir lett å frakte og sette sammen på byggeplassen. In relation to the horizontal-axled ones with a propeller turbine in a separate rotatable tower part, a significantly larger part of the production will be able to take place at local industrial companies for the manufacture of steel elements. The elements can be made so small that they are easy to transport and assemble on the construction site.

Beskrivelse av oppfinnelsene i fege søknadens krav Description of the inventions in accordance with the requirements of the application

Krav 01 gjelder bølgekraftmaskin. Claim 01 applies to wave power machines.

Følgende konstruksjonsdeler og anordninger som inngår i den, er kjent fra patent nr. 329076: En flottør (21). The following structural parts and devices included in it are known from patent no. 329076: A float (21).

En enkeltvirkende stempelpumpe (13). Den plasseres med endeflaten som har lager for stempelstang (11) og rørstusser (14) for inn- og utgående driftsvæske, pekende opp. A single-acting piston pump (13). It is placed with the end surface that has the bearing for the piston rod (11) and pipe fittings (14) for the incoming and outgoing operating fluid, pointing up.

En bjelkekonstruksjon bestående av 2 stk. stive bjelker, hvorav den ene, som nevnes "indre bjelke" (01), plasseres innbygget koaksialt og aksialt forskyvbart innvendig i den andre, som nevnes "ytre bjelke" (03). Bjelkekonstruksjonen ordnes videre slik at indre bjelkes innspenning i den ytre gjøres stiv mot bøyepåkjenninger ved at det nederst på indre bjelke monteres to sett rullelagre for anlegg mot skinner som festes innvendig i ytre bjelke. Avstanden mellom rullelagersettene velges slik at innspenningen får samme styrke mot bøyepåkjenninger som indre bjelke selv har. Videre blir indre bjelke utført med lengde slik at den tilsvarer slaglengden til pumpen (13), med tillegg som tilsvarer den ekstra plass som de to sett rullelagre tar i aksiell retning. A beam construction consisting of 2 pcs. rigid beams, one of which, referred to as the "inner beam" (01), is placed coaxially and axially displaceable inside the other, referred to as the "outer beam" (03). The beam construction is further arranged so that the inner beam's clamping in the outer one is made stiff against bending stresses by installing two sets of roller bearings at the bottom of the inner beam for contact with rails which are attached inside the outer beam. The distance between the roller bearing sets is chosen so that the clamping has the same strength against bending stresses as the inner beam itself has. Furthermore, the inner beam is made with a length so that it corresponds to the stroke length of the pump (13), with an addition that corresponds to the extra space that the two sets of roller bearings take up in the axial direction.

En kraftoverføring mellom flottør og pumpe. Den består av en trekkstang (11) som går i ett med stempelstangen og festes med sin nedre ende direkte til pumpens stempel (12) ved at den skrues inn i det. Trekkstangens øvre ende føres forskyvbart gjennom en føring med styrbar lås (06) som er festet til indre bjelkes nedre ende. Kraftoverføringen føres videre frem til flottøren ved at indre bjelkes toppunkt kobles til en universalkobling (17) som er plassert sentralt i flottøren. A power transfer between float and pump. It consists of a tie rod (11) which is integrated with the piston rod and is attached with its lower end directly to the pump's piston (12) by screwing it into it. The upper end of the drawbar is guided displaceably through a guide with steerable lock (06) which is attached to the lower end of the inner beam. The power transmission is carried forward to the float by connecting the top of the inner beam to a universal coupling (17) which is placed centrally in the float.

En automatsk regulator som styrer de styrbare låser, styrer lås (06) slik at den effektive lengde av trekkstangen (11) tilpasses den til ehver tid aktuelle tidevannshøyde. Det skjer ved at regulatoren mottar et signal som til enhver tid viser trekkstangens effektive lengde og sammenholder denne informasjon med forhåndslagret informasjon fra tidevannstabeller og værmeldinger slik at den finner den for øyeblikket mest passende lengde. Ved behov for justering gjennomføres den av regulatoren ved at den utnytter tidsrom like etter at kraften i trekkstang (11) har skiftet retning. Nærmere bestemt skjer justeringene ved at regulatoren, når lengden skal økes, åpner låsen (06) mellom trekkstangen og føringen i indre bjelkes nedre ende i et tidsrom like etter at kraften i trekkstangen har skiftet retning til trekk. Når trekkstanglengden skal minskes, gjennomføres en tilsvarende prosedyre like etter at kraften i trekkstangen har skiftet retning til trykk. An automatic regulator that controls the controllable locks controls lock (06) so that the effective length of the pull rod (11) is adapted to the relevant tide height at any given time. This happens by the regulator receiving a signal that shows the drawbar's effective length at all times and comparing this information with pre-stored information from tide tables and weather reports so that it finds the currently most suitable length. If adjustment is required, it is carried out by the regulator by utilizing the time period just after the force in the tie rod (11) has changed direction. More specifically, the adjustments are made by the regulator, when the length is to be increased, opening the lock (06) between the drawbar and the guide at the lower end of the inner beam for a period of time just after the force in the drawbar has changed direction to pull. When the tie rod length is to be reduced, a corresponding procedure is carried out immediately after the force in the tie rod has changed direction to pressure.

Stagstenger (23) plasseres mellom fester (22) på ytre bjelke til bølgekraftmaskiner som står som nabo til hverandre. Stay rods (23) are placed between fasteners (22) on the outer beam of wave power machines that stand next to each other.

Følgende forhold ved bølgekraftmaskinen ifølge krav 01, regnes som ikke nevnt tidligere: Ytre bjelke (03) utføres todelt med et øvre kammer hvor indre bjelke (01) er montert som nevnt, og et nedre kammer med tverrsnitt og høyde slik at pumpen (13) kan opplagres innvendig i det, aksialt forskyvbart over en strekning tilsvarende trekkstangens justeringsområde. Det anordnes ved ved rullelagre (05) som festes til pumpens øvre og nedre ende for anlegg mot skinner (04) som plasseres innvendig i kammeret. The following conditions of the wave power machine according to claim 01 are considered not previously mentioned: Outer beam (03) is made in two parts with an upper chamber where inner beam (01) is mounted as mentioned, and a lower chamber with a cross-section and height such that the pump (13) can be stored inside it, axially displaceable over a distance corresponding to the drawbar's adjustment range. There are roller bearings (05) which are attached to the upper and lower ends of the pump for contact with rails (04) which are placed inside the chamber.

Pumpen fastholdes i forhold til sjøbunnen ved en reguleringsstang (15) med lengde tilsvarende avstanden mellom høy- og lavvannstand, og som har sin øvre ende festet stivt og koaksialt til pumpehusets bunnflate og sin nedre ende festet gjennom en universalkobling til en stang (16) som har sin nedre ende festet gjennom en universalkobling til forankringen (18) i sjøbunnen (19). The pump is held in relation to the seabed by a regulating rod (15) with a length corresponding to the distance between high and low water levels, and which has its upper end attached rigidly and coaxially to the bottom surface of the pump housing and its lower end attached through a universal coupling to a rod (16) which has its lower end attached through a universal coupling to the anchorage (18) in the seabed (19).

Til ytre bjelkes nedre ende festes en endeplate (10) med hull som reguleringsstangen (15) går fritt gjennom og slik at det til endeplaten monteres feste for en fjernstyrt lås (08) som kan låse reguleringsstangen til endeplaten. An end plate (10) is attached to the lower end of the outer beam with a hole through which the regulating rod (15) passes freely and so that a remote-controlled lock (08) can be attached to the end plate, which can lock the regulating rod to the end plate.

Ytre bjelkes høydeinnstilling i forhold til sjøbunnen kan da justeres i takt med justeringene av trekkstangens effektive lengde. Det gjøres ved at den automatiske regulator, etter å ha gjennomført en justering av trekkstaglengden, gjennomfører en tilsvarende justering av ytre bjelkes høydeinnstilling. Det gjøres ved at regulatoren, etter å ha justert trekkstanglengden ett trinn opp, utnytter et tidsrom mens trekkstangen er i bevegelse med retning oppover, til å låse ytre bjelke til trekkstangen ved å lukke låsen (07) og samtidig frigjøre ytre bjelke fra forankringen til sjøbunnen ved å åpne låsen (08), i så lang tid at ytre bjelke heves som ønsket. Og ved at regulatoren, etter at trekkstanglengden er justert ned ett trinn, gjennomfører en tilsvarende prosedyre i et tidsrom mens trekkstangen er i bevegelse med retning nedover. The outer beam's height setting in relation to the seabed can then be adjusted in step with the adjustments to the drawbar's effective length. This is done by the automatic regulator, after carrying out an adjustment of the drawbar length, carrying out a corresponding adjustment of the outer beam's height setting. This is done by the regulator, after adjusting the drawbar length up one step, using a period of time while the drawbar is moving in an upward direction to lock the outer beam to the drawbar by closing the lock (07) and at the same time freeing the outer beam from the anchoring to the seabed by opening the lock (08), for such a long time that the outer beam is raised as desired. And in that the regulator, after the drawbar length has been adjusted down one step, carries out a corresponding procedure for a period of time while the drawbar is moving in a downward direction.

Nederst på reguleringsstengene (15) plasseres festeplate (25) for rørene for inn- og utgående driftsvæske fra rørstussene (19), for videreføring til kraftanleggets driftsvæskesystem. Stagstenger (24) som skal gå mellom bunnfaste tårn og ytre bjelker som står som nabo til tårnet, festes til tårnet ved fester som av seg selv følger bevegelsene opp og ned som den tilkoblete ytre bjelke foretar i takt med tidevannet. Slik selvregulering anordnes ved at det til tårnet festes loddrette styreskinner og til enden av stagstengene et rullelagersett for inngrep mot sin skinne ved både trykk og strekk, og ved at rullelagrene utstyres med anordninger som låsr dem fra mulighet til å bevege seg når stagstangen er belastet med trykk. At the bottom of the control rods (15) is placed a fixing plate (25) for the pipes for incoming and outgoing operating fluid from the pipe connections (19), for continuation to the power plant's operating fluid system. Stay rods (24) which are to go between bottom-fixed towers and outer beams that stand as neighbors to the tower, are attached to the tower by fasteners that automatically follow the movements up and down that the connected outer beam makes in time with the tide. Such self-regulation is arranged by attaching vertical guide rails to the tower and to the end of the tie rods a roller bearing set for engagement with its rail by both pressure and tension, and by equipping the roller bearings with devices that lock them from being able to move when the tie rod is loaded with Print.

Krav 02 gjelder bølgekraftmaskin som maskinen ifølge krav 01, Claim 02 applies to wave power machines such as the machine according to claim 01,

men skiller seg ved at justeringen av trekkstangens effektive lengde og ytre bjelkes høyde over sjøbunnen foretas med fast trinnstørrelse. Dette skjer ved at trekkstangen (11) og reguleringsstangen (15) utføres med hakk med mellomrom tilsvarende ett justeringstrinn og at de tilhørende styrbare låser utføres med falle slik at de, ved styringer, kan bringes til å innta en åpen stilling som tillater stangen å flytte seg ut av sitt hakk, hvoretter låsen tillater fallen å gli langs stangen til den faller ned i neste hakk. but differs in that the adjustment of the drawbar's effective length and the height of the outer beam above the seabed is made with a fixed step size. This is done by the pull rod (11) and the adjustment rod (15) being made with notches with intervals corresponding to one adjustment step and the corresponding controllable locks being made with a drop so that they can be brought to an open position when steering, which allows the bar to move out of its notch, after which the latch allows the drop to slide along the rod until it drops into the next notch.

Krav 03 gjelder vindkraftmaskin med vertikal turbinaksel (01). Claim 03 applies to wind turbines with a vertical turbine shaft (01).

Løpehjulet (02) utføres med faste og enkelt krummete skovler (03) som har sin indre kant festet til akselen og sin under- og overkant festet til festeskiver (04). De er sirkelrunde og koaksiale med akselen som de har hull for og er festet til, slik at løpehjulets utvendig diameter blir tilsvarende skovlenes omskrivende sylinderflate. Løpehjulet bygges inn i et ledeskovelbygg (05) som består av faste og enkelt krummete ledeskovler (06) som har sin under- og overkant festet til festeskiver (07), med hull med diameter tilsvarende løpehjulets omskrivende sylinderflate og med utvendig diameter tilsvarende diameteren til ledeskovlenes The impeller (02) is made with fixed and single curved vanes (03) which have their inner edge attached to the axle and their lower and upper edges attached to retaining discs (04). They are circular and coaxial with the shaft for which they have holes and are fixed to, so that the outer diameter of the impeller corresponds to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the vanes. The impeller is built into a guide vane structure (05) which consists of fixed and single curved guide vanes (06) whose lower and upper edges are attached to fixing discs (07), with holes with a diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the impeller and with an external diameter corresponding to the diameter of the guide vanes

omskrivende sylinderflate når det ses bort fra de spesielle skovler (28), jf Fig. 04. circumscribing cylinder surface when the special vanes (28) are disregarded, cf. Fig. 04.

Spesielt for krav 03 er at ledeskovelbygget gjøres dreibart ved at det plasseres på et øvre gulv (08) så stort som hele vindturbinen. Der hviler det på en hjulformet sammenbindende forsterkning (09) mellom løpehjulet og ledeskovelbygget. Forsterkningen består av et nav (10) som er lagerhus for et radiallager til akselen (01). Ytterst ligger en flat hjulkrans (11) som er som en skive med samme inn- og utvendige diameter som nevnt for festeskiven (07). Et fagverk av bjelker utgjør eker (12) mellom nav og hjulkrans. Ledeskovelbyggets nederste mellomleggsskive får hvile fastgjort på hjulkransskiven og slik at hjulkransskiven får hvile på en tilsvarende lagerskive (13) som er festet til gulvet slik at det mellom hjulkransskiven og lagerskiven kan anordnes aksiallager (14) for ledeskovelbygget, eksempelvis oljelager med innpumping av olje ved hver stillingsendring. Utvendig på hjulkransen ytterside festes en tannkrans (15) med utvendige tenner for dreiingen av ledeskovelbygget ved hjelp av motordrevne tannhjulsdrev (16), De festes gjennom motordriftene til overgulvet og plasseres jevnt fordelt langs tannkransens omkrets. Especially for requirement 03 is that the vane structure is made rotatable by placing it on an upper floor (08) as large as the entire wind turbine. There it rests on a wheel-shaped connecting reinforcement (09) between the impeller and the guide vane structure. The reinforcement consists of a hub (10) which is a bearing housing for a radial bearing for the axle (01). At the far end is a flat wheel rim (11) which is like a disk with the same inside and outside diameter as mentioned for the fixing disk (07). A truss of beams forms the spokes (12) between the hub and the rim. The guide vane assembly's lowermost spacer washer rests fixed on the wheel crown washer and so that the wheel crown washer rests on a corresponding bearing washer (13) which is attached to the floor so that between the wheel crown washer and the bearing washer, axial bearings (14) can be arranged for the guide vane assembly, for example oil bearings with oil pumped in at each change of position. On the outside of the wheel rim, a ring gear (15) with external teeth is attached for the turning of the guide vane structure using motor-driven gear drives (16). They are attached through the motor drives to the upper floor and are placed evenly distributed along the circumference of the ring gear.

Løpehjulets aksel føres gjennom en åpning i overgulvet til et underliggende rom med et nedre gulv (17) hvor den, for bruk i kraftanlegg med hydraulisk trykkenrgi som mellomledd, kobles til et tannhjul (18) med stor diameter som driver mange tannhjulsdrev (19) for drift av pumper som er festet til undergulvet. Pumpene har utrustning med regulator som styrer dem slik at de kobles inn og ut på en måte som får vindturbinen til å gå med last som gir nær optimal produksjon. Akselen føres ned mot gulvet hvor det til dens endeflate festes en sirkelrund plate (20) som får hvile mot en tilsvarende plate (21) som er festet til gulvet slik at det mellom disse plater kan plasseres aksiallager (22) som tar opp løpehjulets tyngde. På aksel (01) plasseres et radiallager ved en hjulformet anordning med et nav (23) som er lagerhus for lageret og en hjulkrans (24) som gjennom støtter (25) til undergulvet holder lageret fast sideveis. På ledeskovelbyggets øvre festeskive plasseres en hjulformet forsterkning (26), maken til ovennevnte (09), slik at den festes til festeskiven. The axle of the impeller is led through an opening in the upper floor to an underlying room with a lower floor (17) where, for use in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediate link, it is connected to a gear wheel (18) of large diameter which drives many gear drives (19) for operation of pumps attached to the subfloor. The pumps are equipped with a regulator that controls them so that they are switched on and off in a way that makes the wind turbine run with a load that gives close to optimal production. The shaft is brought down to the floor, where a circular plate (20) is attached to its end face, which rests against a corresponding plate (21) which is attached to the floor so that between these plates, an axial bearing (22) can be placed which takes up the weight of the impeller. A radial bearing is placed on axle (01) by a wheel-shaped device with a hub (23) which is a bearing housing for the bearing and a wheel ring (24) which holds the bearing sideways through supports (25) to the subfloor. A wheel-shaped reinforcement (26), similar to the one mentioned above (09), is placed on the guide vane building's upper fixing disc, so that it is attached to the fixing disc.

Videre plasseres ekstra hjulformete forsterkninger (27) i forhold til vindturbinens høyde. Høye og slanke turbiner kan forsterkes også ved at det oppe på forsterkning (26) plasseres en ekstra forsterkning som hviler med sin hjulkrans på den underliggende med et mellomliggende aksiallager, og med sin utvendige diameter så stor at den når utenfor de spesielle ledeskovler (28) slik at når forsterkningen fastholdes ved stagbjelker ned til bakken, kan ledeskovelbygget beveges fritt innenfor. Furthermore, additional wheel-shaped reinforcements (27) are placed in relation to the height of the wind turbine. Tall and slender turbines can also be reinforced by placing an additional reinforcement on top of reinforcement (26) which rests with its wheel rim on the underlying one with an intermediate axial bearing, and with its external diameter so large that it reaches beyond the special guide vanes (28) so that when the reinforcement is secured by tie beams down to the ground, the vane structure can be moved freely within.

Over områder på ledeskovelbyggets utside hvor det munner ut skovelmellomrom, festes gitter slik at fugler ikke kommer inn til løpehjulet. Hvor det på byggets innside ikke munner ut skovelmellomrom, dekkes det med plater (29) inn mot løpehjulet. Hvor det på byggets utside ikke munner ut skovelmellomrom, plasseres plater (30) slik at de øker diffusorvirkningen. Over areas on the outside of the guide vane building where the vane spaces open out, gratings are attached so that birds cannot get to the impeller. Where on the inside of the building there is no space between the blades, it is covered with plates (29) towards the impeller. Where on the outside of the building there is no gap between the blades, plates (30) are placed so that they increase the diffuser effect.

Claims

01. Wave power machine where, like the wave power machine according to claim lii my patent no. 329076, it includes a float (21) and a single-acting piston pump (13) which is placed with the end surface that has a bearing for piston rod (11) and pipe fittings (14) for incoming and outgoing operating fluid with corresponding non-return valves pointing upwards, and a beam construction consisting of 2 pcs. beams, one of which, referred to as the "inner beam" (01), is placed built-in coaxially and axially displaceable inside the other, which is referred to as the "outer beam" (03), and with the beam construction further arranged so that the inner beam is clamped into the outer one rigid against bending stresses by installing two sets of roller bearings (05) at the bottom of the inner beam for contact with rails (04) which are fixed internally in the outer beam, and with a distance between the roller bearing sets that gives the clamping strength against bending stresses corresponding to that of the beam itself, and inner beam further made with a length so that it corresponds to the stroke length of the pump (13) with an addition corresponding to the extra space that the two sets of roller bearings take up in the axial direction, and a power transmission between float and pump consisting of a tie rod (11) which is integral with the piston rod and is attached with its lower end directly to the pump's piston (12) by screwing it into it, and which has its upper end slidably guided through a guide with a steerable lock (06), located at the lower end of the inner beam, and the power transmission further led to the float by connecting the top of the inner beam to a universal coupling (17) located centrally in the float, and an automatic regulator which controls the controllable locks, and lock (06) is controlled so that the effective length of the drawbar (11) is adapted to the relevant tide height at any time, more precisely by the regulator receiving a signal which shows the effective length of the drawbar at any time and compares this information with pre-stored information from tide tables and weather reports so that it finds the most suitable length at the moment, and if adjustment is needed, it carries it out by utilizing the time period just after the force in the tie rod (11) has changed direction, more precisely by the regulator, when the length is to be increased, opens the lock (06) between the drawbar and the guide at the lower end of the inner beam in a period of time just after the force in the drawbar has changed direction to pull, and when the drawbar length is to be reduced, carries out a corresponding procedure just after the force in the drawbar has changed direction to pressure, and it includes strut bars (23) which are placed between fasteners (22) on the outer beam of wave power machines that stand next to each other, characterized in that the outer beam (03) is made in two parts with an upper chamber where the inner beam (01) is mounted as mentioned, and a lower chamber with a cross-section and height such that the pump (13) can be stored inside it, axially displaceable over a corresponding distance drawbar adjustment range, by roller bearings (05) against rails (04) which are placed inside the chamber, with one set of roller bearings at the upper end of the pump and one set at its lower, and that the pump is maintained at a specific height above the seabed by a control rod (15) with a length corresponding to the control range between high and low water levels, and which has its upper end attached rigidly and coaxially to the bottom surface of the pump housing and its lower end attached through a universal coupling to a beam (16) which has its lower end attached through a universal coupling to the anchorage (18) in the seabed (19), and that an end plate (10) with a hole through which the regulating rod (15) passes freely is attached to the lower end of the outer beam and so that a remote-controlled lock (08) is attached to the end plate for locking the end plate to the regulating rod (15), all this so that the height setting of the outer beam in relation to the seabed can be adjusted in step with the adjustments of the drawbar's effective length by the automatic regulator, after having carried out an adjustment of the drawbar length, carrying out a corresponding adjustment of the height setting of the outer beam, more precisely by , after adjusting the drawbar length one step up, utilizes a period of time while the drawbar is moving in an upward direction to lock the outer beam to the drawbar by closing the lock (07) and at the same time release the outer beam from the anchorage to the seabed by opening the lock (08 ), for such a long time that the outer beam is raised as desired, and by the regulator, after the drawbar length has been adjusted down one step, carrying out a corresponding procedure for a period of time while the drawbar is moving in a downward direction. and that a fixing plate (25) is placed at the bottom of the control rod (15) for the pipes for the incoming and outgoing operating fluid from the pipe sockets (14), for continuation to the power plant's operating fluid system, and that stay rods (24) which are to go between bottom-fixed towers and outer beams that stand as neighbors to the tower, are attached to the tower by fasteners that automatically follow the movements up and down that the connected outer beam makes in time with the tide, more precisely by that a vertical guide rail is attached to the tower and that roller bearings are attached to the end of the tie rod for engagement with the rail by both pressure and tension, and that the roller bearings are equipped with devices that lock the rollers from being able to move while the tie rod is loaded with pressure.

02. Wave power machine according to claim 01, characterized in that the adjustment of the drawbar's effective length and the height of the outer beam above the seabed is carried out with a fixed step size and that this is done by the drawbar (11) and the regulating rod (15) being made with notches with spaces corresponding to one adjustment step and that the associated steerable locks are made with a drop like this that they can assume an open position which allows the bar to move out of its notch, after which the latch allows the drop to slide along the bar until it falls into the next notch.

03. Wind power machine with vertical turbine shaft (01), where the impeller (02) is made with fixed and single curved vanes (03) which have their inner edge attached to the axle and their lower and upper edge attached to fixing discs (04), circular and coaxial with the axle for which they have holes for and are attached to , so that the outer diameter of the impeller corresponds to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the vanes, and where the impeller is built into a guide vane structure (05) which consists of fixed and single curved guide vanes (06) whose lower and upper edges are attached to fixing discs (07), with holes with a diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the impeller and with an external diameter corresponding to the diameter to the encircling cylinder surface of the guide vanes when the special vanes (28) are disregarded, cf. Fig. 04, characterized by the fact that the vane structure is made rotatable 360 degrees so that it can always be set in the most favorable position in relation to the wind direction, in that the vane assembly is placed on an upper floor (08) as large as the entire wind turbine, resting on a wheel-shaped connecting reinforcement (09) between the impeller and the vane assembly, consisting of a hub (10) which is a bearing housing for a radial bearing for the shaft (01), and of an external flat wheel rim (11) which is like a disc with an internal diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the impeller and an external diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the vane structure, and of a truss of beams that form spokes (12) between the hub and the wheel rim, so that the guide vane assembly's lowermost shim rests attached to the wheel crown washer and so that the wheel crown washer rests on a corresponding bearing washer (13) which is attached to the floor so that between the wheel crown washer and the bearing washer, an axial bearing (14) can be arranged for the guide vane assembly, for example an oil bearing with oil injection at each change of position, and where a ring gear (15) with external teeth is attached to the outer side of the wheel ring for the rotation of the guide vane structure by means of motor-driven gear drives (16) which are attached with the motor drive to the upper floor and are placed distributed along the circumference of the ring gear, and where the axle of the impeller is led through an opening in the upper floor to an underlying room with a lower floor (17) where, for use in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediate link, it is connected to a gear wheel (18) of large diameter which drives many gear drives (19 ) for the operation of pumps that are attached to the subfloor and are equipped with a regulator that controls the pumps so that they are switched on and off in a way that causes the wind turbine to run with a load that gives close to optimal production, and where the axle is brought down towards the floor, where a circular plate (20) is attached to its end surface, which is allowed to rest against a corresponding plate (21) which is attached to the floor so that between these plates, an axial bearing (22) can be placed which takes up the impeller Weight, and where a radial bearing is placed on axle (01) by a wheel-shaped device with a hub (23) which is a bearing housing for the bearing and a wheel rim (24) which holds the bearing sideways through supports (25) to the subfloor, and where a wheel-shaped reinforcement (26), similar to the above-mentioned (09), is placed on the top fixing plate of the guide vane building, so that it is attached to the fixing plate, and where over areas on the outside of the guide vane building where there is a space between the vanes, gratings are attached so that birds do not enter the impeller, and where on the inside of the building there is no space between the vanes, it is covered with plates (29) towards the impeller, and where on the outside of the building, where the space between the blades does not open, cover plates (30) are placed so that they increase the diffuser effect.