NO337051B1

NO337051B1 - Wind power and wave power machines and arrangements for the use of such machines, especially in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as intermediaries.

Info

Publication number: NO337051B1
Application number: NO20110462A
Authority: NO
Inventors: Kristian Bragstad
Original assignee: Kristian Bragstad
Priority date: 2011-03-25
Filing date: 2011-03-25
Publication date: 2016-01-11
Also published as: NO20110462A1; NO20120360A1

Description

Benevnelse Designation

Vind kraftmaskiner og arrangementer for bruk av slike maskiner, særlig i kraftanlegg med hydraulisk trykkenergi som mellomledd. Wind power machines and arrangements for the use of such machines, especially in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediary.

Bruksområde Area of use

Vindkraftmaskinene er vist i en form som er egnet for drift av pumper for produksjon av hydraulisk trykkenergi, men de kan også brukes til drift av andre arbeidsmaskiner. The wind turbines are shown in a form suitable for operating pumps for the production of hydraulic pressure energy, but they can also be used for operating other working machines.

Kjent teknikk og praksis i forhold til søknadens krav. Known technique and practice in relation to the application's requirements.

Vindkraftmaskinen ifølge denne søknads krav 1 har følgende kjente trekk: The wind turbine according to claim 1 of this application has the following known features:

• Vertikal aksel. • Vertical axis.

• Løpehjul med faste og enkelt krummete skovler. • Running wheels with fixed and single curved blades.

Vindkraftmaskinen ifølge denne søknsds krav 1 skiller seg fra kjente trekk ved følgende forhold: • Utenpå løpehjulet har den et ledeskovlbygg, koaksialt med løpehjulet, og dreibart etter vindretningen. • Både løpehjulet og ledeskovlbygget bygges med skovlene stablet i etasjer over hverandre med vannrette plater som etasjeskillere. • For forsterkning av høye vind kraftmaskiner legges det inn i etasjerekken egne forsterkninger som betegnes som "Hjulaktige" ved at de har "Nav" og "Hjulkrans" og som bindes sammen med "Eker". • Byggets skovler, etasjeskillere og hjulaktige forsterkninger dimensjoneres slik at de gir bygget styrke til å bære sin egen vekt og vindlast, krefter fra luftstrømmen gjennom skovlløpene og knekklastvirkninger på løpehjulet med aksel. The wind turbine according to claim 1 of this application differs from known features in the following respects: • Outside the impeller, it has a guide vane structure, coaxial with the impeller, and rotatable according to the direction of the wind. • Both the impeller and the guide vane building are built with the vanes stacked in storeys above each other with horizontal plates as storey separators. • For strengthening of high wind power machines, separate reinforcements are added to the row of floors which are referred to as "Wheel-like" in that they have "Hub" and "Wheel ring" and which are tied together with "Spokes". • The building's vanes, floor separators and wheel-like reinforcements are dimensioned so that they give the building strength to carry its own weight and wind load, forces from the air flow through the vane runners and buckling load effects on the impeller with axle.

Fordeler som oppnås ut fra kjent teknikk og praksis ved bruk av oppfinnelsene. Advantages obtained from known technique and practice when using the inventions.

Det vises til 2 stk. tegningsark: Tegning 01 og Tegning 02. It refers to 2 pcs. drawing sheet: Drawing 01 and Drawing 02.

I forhold til horisontalakslete vindturbiner med propell har den vertikalakslete turbin ifølge denne søknads krav 01, fordeler som følger: In relation to horizontal-axis wind turbines with propellers, the vertical-axis turbine, according to requirement 01 of this application, has the following advantages:

Man unngår propell som skader fugler og slipper ut støy i landskapet. Propellers that harm birds and emit noise into the landscape are avoided.

For vindmøller med propeilturbin er det vanlig å regne at de må fange inn luftstrømmen fra et areal på ca. 2.000 m2 for hver MW merkeeffekt. For wind turbines with propeller turbines, it is common to calculate that they must capture the air flow from an area of approx. 2,000 m2 for each MW rated output.

Det er videre vanlig at propellen plasseres så høyt at vingespissene rager ca. 150 m opp over bakken / sjøoverfiaten. En verttkalakslet turbin som får rage like høyt i landskapet, kan da ha et ledeskovlbygg med høyde bortimot 150 m. It is also common for the propeller to be placed so high that the wing tips protrude approx. 150 m above ground / sea level. A host-shaft turbine that is allowed to rise as high in the landscape can then have a vane structure with a height of almost 150 m.

Som turbinens utvendige diameter regnes her diameteren på tedeskovlenes omskrivende sylinderflate når det sees bort fra de spesielle skovler 28, As the turbine's outer diameter, the diameter of the surrounding cylindrical surface of the tea vanes is considered here, when the special vanes 28 are disregarded,

jfr. Fig. 4 Av figuren fremgår hvordan ledeskovlene kan formes slik at de fanger inn luftstrøm over en bredde som er bare litt mindre enn turbinens utvendige diameter. Den viser også hvordan skovlene som leder luftstrømmen ut fra løpehjulet, kan formes med sikte på å gi bedre diffusorvtrkning. cf. Fig. 4 The figure shows how the guide vanes can be shaped so that they capture airflow over a width that is only slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the turbine. It also shows how the blades that direct the air flow out of the impeller can be shaped with the aim of providing better diffuser drying.

• Av dette følger at dersom en vertikalakstet turbin skai fange inn luftstrøm over over en flate på 2.000 m2, må den bygges med utvendig diameter ca. 15 m. En slik turbin blir så langsmal at gunstig utforming av skovlene på utløpsiden kan gi diffusorvirkning på linje med den man får med ledeskovlturbiner. • I tillegg kommer at selve turbinkonseptet med tedeskovler og løpehjul i stedet for propell, i og for seg har muligheter for bedre utnytting av vinden. Det kommer til syne i det at propellturbiners avgitte effekt øker med vindstyrken i 3. potens ved styrker opp mot 15 m/s, for så å ikke øke nevneverdig videre. For turbiner med ledeskovler vil avgitt effekt i stedet fortsette å øke slik at en turbin som gir 1 MW ved 15 m/s, vil gi 2,3 MW ved 20 m/s og 4,6 MW ved 25 m/s. Ved 25 m/s blir propellturbiner vanligvis tatt ut av drift mens ledeskovlturbiner drives videre. • Generelt vil bygging av kraftanlegg med hydraulisk trykkenergi som mellomledd, føre til bruk av mindre produksjonsenheter enn dem som brukes i anlegg hvor hver enhet har egen elgenerator. Dessuten kan bygging av kraftanlegg på sjøbunn hvor både vind- og bølgeenergien utnyttes, føre til stort behov for undersjøiske forankringstårn for bølgekraftmaskiner. Slike tårn kan samordnes med utplassering av mange forholdsvis små vindkraftmasiner. • Generelt vil en dreining av markedet for vindturbiner i retning av mindre produksjonsenheter, være til fordel for de vertikalakslete. Det vil gjelde særlig dersom grensen for hvor høyt de får rage opp i landskapet, settes slik at de får bygges med optimal slankhet. At de tillates å bygges slik at de rager høyere opp i landskapet enn horisontalakslete med propell, kan begrunnes med at de vil stå som tause ubevegelige tårn uten viftende vinger i toppen. • I forhold til de horisontalakslete med propellturbin i en egen dreibar tårndel, vil en vesentlig større del av produksjonen kunne foregå ved lokale industribedrifter for fremstilling av ståleiementer. Elementene kan gjøres så små at de blir lett å frakte og sette sammen på byggeplassen. • It follows from this that if a vertical-shaft turbine is to capture airflow over an area of more than 2,000 m2, it must be built with an external diameter of approx. 15 m. Such a turbine is so long and narrow that a favorable design of the blades on the outlet side can produce a diffuser effect in line with that obtained with guide vane turbines. • In addition, the turbine concept itself, with blades and impellers instead of propellers, in and of itself has opportunities for better utilization of the wind. This becomes apparent in the fact that the output of propeller turbines increases with the wind strength to the 3rd power at strengths of up to 15 m/s, and then does not increase significantly further. For turbines with guide vanes, the emitted power will instead continue to increase so that a turbine that produces 1 MW at 15 m/s will produce 2.3 MW at 20 m/s and 4.6 MW at 25 m/s. At 25 m/s, propeller turbines are usually taken out of service while vane turbines continue to be operated. • In general, the construction of power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediary will lead to the use of smaller production units than those used in plants where each unit has its own electricity generator. In addition, the construction of power plants on the seabed where both wind and wave energy are utilized can lead to a great need for underwater anchoring towers for wave power machines. Such towers can be coordinated with the deployment of many relatively small wind turbines. • In general, a shift in the market for wind turbines in the direction of smaller production units will benefit vertical-axis turbines. This will apply in particular if the limit for how high they can rise in the landscape is set so that they can be built with optimal slimness. The fact that they are allowed to be built so that they protrude higher into the landscape than horizontal-shafted ones with propellers can be justified by the fact that they will stand as silent, motionless towers without flapping wings at the top. • In relation to the horizontal-axle ones with a propeller turbine in a separate rotatable tower part, a significantly larger part of the production will be able to take place at local industrial companies for the manufacture of steel elements. The elements can be made so small that they are easy to transport and assemble on the construction site.

Beskrivelse av oppfinnelsene i følge søknadens krav Description of the inventions according to the application's requirements

Krav 1 gjelder vindkraftmaskin med vertikal turbinaksel 01. Claim 1 applies to wind turbines with vertical turbine shaft 01.

Løpehjulet 02 utføres med faste og enkelt krummete skovler 03 som har sin indre kant festet til akselen og sin under- og overkant festet til festeskiver 04 som er sirkelrunde og koaksiale med akselen som de har hull for og er festet tii, slik at løpehjutets utvendig diameter blir tilsvarende skovlenes omskrivende sylinderflate. The impeller 02 is made with fixed and single curved vanes 03 which have their inner edge attached to the axle and their lower and upper edge attached to fixing discs 04 which are circular and coaxial with the axle for which they have holes and are attached tii, so that the outside diameter of the impeller becomes corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the vanes.

Løpehjulet bygges inn i et ledeskovlbygg 05 som består av faste og enkelt krummete ledeskovler 06 som har sin under- og overkant festet til festeskiver 07 som har hull med diameter tilsvarende løpehjulets omskrivende sylinderflate og utvendig diameter tilsvarende diameteren til ledeskovlenes omskrivende sylinderflate når det ses bort fra de spesielle skovler 28, jf Tegning 02, Fig. 04. The impeller is built into a guide vane structure 05 which consists of fixed and single curved guide vanes 06 whose lower and upper edges are attached to fastening discs 07 which have holes with a diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the impeller and an external diameter corresponding to the diameter of the surrounding cylindrical surface of the guide vanes when disregarding the special vanes 28, cf Drawing 02, Fig. 04.

Spesielt for krav 1 er at ledeskovlbygget gjøres dreibart ved at det plasseres på et øvre gulv 08, så stort at det har plass til hele vindturbinen. Der hviler det på hjulaktige sammenbindende forsterkninger 09, med plassering mellom løpehjulet og ledeskovlbygget. In particular for claim 1, the guide vane building is made rotatable by placing it on an upper floor 08, so large that it has room for the entire wind turbine. There it rests on wheel-like connecting reinforcements 09, positioned between the impeller and the guide vane structure.

I forsterkningene 09 inngår et nav 10 som er lagerhus for et radiallager til akselen 01. I ledeskovlbyggets underkant plaseres en flat hjulkrans 11 som er som en skive med samme inn- og utvendige diameter som nevnt for festeskiver 07. Et fagverk av bjelker utgjør eker 12 mellom nav og hjulkrans. Ledeskovlbyggets nederste 07-festeskive får hvile fastgjort til hjulkransen 11 og slik at hjulkransen får hvite på en skivering 13 som er festet til gulvet slik at det mellom hjulkransen og skiveringen kan anordnes aksiallager 14 for hele ledeskovlbygget, eksempelvis et oljelager som må pumpes opp, men det behøver å pumpes opp bare mens en dreiing av ledeskovlbygget skal foretas. The reinforcements 09 include a hub 10 which is a bearing housing for a radial bearing for the axle 01. A flat wheel rim 11 is placed in the lower edge of the guide vane structure, which is like a disk with the same inside and outside diameter as mentioned for fastening disks 07. A truss of beams forms spokes 12 between hub and rim. The guide vane construction's lower 07 fixing disc is rested attached to the wheel rim 11 and so that the wheel rim rests on a disc ring 13 which is attached to the floor so that between the wheel rim and the disc ring an axial bearing 14 can be arranged for the entire guide vane construction, for example an oil bearing that must be pumped up, but it only needs to be pumped up while a turning of the vane structure is to be carried out.

Utvendig på hjulkransen festes en tannkrans 15 med tenner for dreiingen av ledeskovlbygget. Dreiingen skjer ved hjelp av motordrevne tannhjulsdrev 16 som festes til det øvre gulv 08 og plasseres fordelt langs tannkransens omkrets. A toothed ring 15 with teeth is attached to the outside of the wheel rim for turning the guide vane assembly. The rotation takes place with the help of motor-driven gear drives 16 which are attached to the upper floor 08 and are placed distributed along the circumference of the gear ring.

Løpehjulets aksel 01 føres gjennom en åpning i det øvre gulv 08, ned til et underliggende rom med et nedre gulv 17 hvor akselen, ved eventuell bruk i kraftanlegg med hydraulisk trykkenrgi som mellomledd, kobles til et tannhjul (18) med stor diameter som driver mange tannhjulsdrev 19 for drift av pumper som er festet til undergulvet. The impeller shaft 01 is led through an opening in the upper floor 08, down to an underlying room with a lower floor 17 where the shaft, in case of possible use in a power plant with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediate link, is connected to a gear wheel (18) with a large diameter which drives many gear drive 19 for operating pumps that are attached to the subfloor.

Pumpene utrustes med regulator som styrer dem slik at de kobles inn og ut på en måte som får vindturbinen til, hele tiden, å gå med last som gir nær optimal produksjon. The pumps are equipped with a regulator that controls them so that they are switched on and off in a way that causes the wind turbine to run, all the time, with a load that gives close to optimal production.

Akselen 01 føres ned mot gulvet hvor det til dens endeflate festes en sirkelrund plate 20 som får hvile mot en tilsvarende plate 21 som er festet til gulvet slik at det mellom disse plater kan plasseres et aksiallager 22 som tar opp løpehjulets tyngde. På akselen plasseres et radiallager ved en hjulformet anordning med et nav 23 som er lagerhus for lagret og med en hjulkrans med eker 24 som gjennom støtter 25 tii undergulvet holder lageret fast sideveis. The shaft 01 is guided down towards the floor where a circular plate 20 is attached to its end face which rests against a corresponding plate 21 which is attached to the floor so that between these plates an axial bearing 22 can be placed which takes up the weight of the impeller. A radial bearing is placed on the axle by a wheel-shaped device with a hub 23 which is a bearing housing for the bearing and with a wheel ring with spokes 24 which through supports 25 in the subfloor holds the bearing firmly sideways.

På ledeskovlbyggets øverste 07-festeskive plasseres en hjulformet forsterkning 26, maken til ovennevnte 09, slik at den festes til festeskiven. Videre plasseres ekstra hjulformete forsterkninger 27 i forhold til vindturbinens høyde. A wheel-shaped reinforcement 26, similar to the above-mentioned 09, is placed on the guide vane building's top 07 fixing disc, so that it is attached to the fixing disc. Furthermore, additional wheel-shaped reinforcements 27 are placed in relation to the height of the wind turbine.

Høye og slanke turbiner kan forsterkes også ved at det oppe på forsterkningen 26 plasseres en ekstra forsterkning 31 som hviler med sin hjulkrans på den underliggende med et mellomliggende aksiallager 32, og med sin utvendige diameter så stor at den når utenfor de spesielle ledeskovler 28 slik at, når forsterkningen fastholdes ved stagbjelker 34 ned til bakken, kan ledeskovlbygget dreies fritt innenfor. Tall and slender turbines can also be reinforced by placing an additional reinforcement 31 on top of the reinforcement 26, which rests with its wheel rim on the underlying one with an intermediate axial bearing 32, and with its external diameter so large that it reaches beyond the special guide vanes 28 so that , when the reinforcement is held by strut beams 34 down to the ground, the guide vane structure can be rotated freely inside.

Over områder på ledeskovlbyggets utside hvor det munner ut skovlmellomrom, festes gitter slik at fugler ikke kommer inn til løpehjulet. Hvor det på byggets innside ikke munner ut skovlmellomrom, dekkes det med plater 29 inn mot løpehjulet. Hvor det på byggets utside ikke munner ut skovlmellomom, plasseres plater 30 slik at de øker diffusorvirkningen. Over areas on the outside of the guide vane building where the vane spaces open out, gratings are attached so that birds cannot get to the impeller. Where on the inside of the building there is no gap between the blades, it is covered with plates 29 towards the impeller. Where on the outside of the building there is no gap between the blades, plates 30 are placed so that they increase the diffuser effect.

Claims

The patent application has this one claim: 1. Wind power machine with vertical turbine shaft 02, where the impeller 01 is made with fixed and single curved vanes 03 which have their inner edge attached to the shaft and their lower and upper edges attached to fixing discs 04, circular and coaxial with the shaft which they have holes for and are attached to, so that the outer diameter of the impeller corresponds to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the vanes,

and where the impeller is built into a guide vane structure 05 which consists of fixed and single curved guide vanes 06 which have their lower and upper edges attached to fixing discs 07, with holes with a diameter corresponding to the impeller's circumscribing cylindrical surface and with an external diameter corresponding to the diameter of the guide vanes' circumscribing cylindrical surface when disregarding the special vanes 28, cf Drawing 02 with Fig. 04,

characterized in that the guide vane building 05 is made rotatable 360 degrees so that it can always be set in a favorable position in relation to the wind direction, this by being placed on an upper floor 08 as large as the entire wind turbine, resting on wheel-shaped connecting reinforcements 09 between the impeller and the guide vane building , consisting of a hub 10 which is a bearing housing for a radial bearing for the axle 01, and of an external flat wheel rim 11 which is like a disc with an internal diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the impeller and with an external diameter corresponding to the surrounding cylindrical surface of the bucket structure, and of a truss of beams that make up the spokes 12 between the hub and the wheel rim, so that the guide vane assembly's lower 07 fixing disc rests on the wheel rim 11 so that it rests on a disc ring 13 which is attached to the floor so that an axial bearing 14 can be arranged between the wheel rim and the disc ring for the entire guide vane structure, for example a hydraulically pumpable axial bearing which beh practice being kept pumped up only during the short periods of time in which the step-by-step turns of the guide vane structure are made,

and where a ring gear 15 with teeth pointing radially outwards is attached to the outside of the wheel ring for the rotation of the vane structure by means of motor-driven gear wheels 16 which are attached to the upper floor, placed distributed around the ring gear,

and where the impeller shaft 01 is led through an opening in the upper floor, down to an underlying room with a lower floor 17 where the shaft, for example, for use in power plants with hydraulic pressure energy as an intermediate link, is connected to a gear wheel 18 with such a large diameter that can drive many smaller gear drives 19 for operating pumps that are fixed to the subfloor and are equipped with a regulator that controls the pumps so that they are switched on and off in a way that causes the wind turbine to, all the time, run with a load that gives close to optimal production ,

and where the axle is continued down towards the floor, where a circular plate 20 is attached to its end surface, which is allowed to rest against a corresponding plate 21 which is attached to the floor so that between these plates, an axial bearing 22 can be placed which takes up the weight of the impeller, and where it the axle, a radial bearing is placed by a wheel-shaped device with a hub 23 which is a bearing housing for the bearing, and a wheel rim with spokes 24 which through supports 25 to the subfloor holds the bearing firmly sideways, and where a wheel-shaped reinforcement 26 is placed on the top 07 fixing disc of the guide vane building, the same as the above-mentioned 09, so that it is attached to the 07 fastening disc, and on top of it again a further reinforcement 31 but then in such a way that an axial bearing 32 is arranged between the two facing wheel rims and then so that the reinforcement 31 is held firmly laterally by inclined struts 34 to superficial,

and where over areas on the outside of the guide vane building where the vane spaces open out, gratings are attached so that birds do not enter the impeller, and where on the inside of the building there are no vane spaces opening out, it is covered with plates 29 towards the impeller, and where on the building the outside does not open into the space between the blades, cover plates 30 are placed so that they increase the diffuser effect.